Ukkonen’s suffix tree construction: Difference between revisions
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Using [[Arithmetic-geometric mean/Calculate Pi]] generate the first 1000, 10000, and 100000 decimal places of pi. Using your implementation with an alphabet of 0 through 9 (plus $ say to make the tree explicit) find the longest repeated string in each list. Time your results and demonstrate that your implementation is linear (i.e. that 10000 takes approx. 10 times as long as 1000). You may vary the size of the lists of decimal places of pi to give reasonable answers.
=={{header|Go}}==
This is a translation of the C code [https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/suffix-tree-application-3-longest-repeated-substring/ here] which is an extended form of the code in Part 6 of the task description for finding the longest repeated substring of a given string. In the interests of brevity, the extensive comments in the C version have been largely omitted.
For convenience I have included the code from the [[Arithmetic-geometric_mean/Calculate_Pi#Go]] task in the same package.
It takes around 25 seconds on my machine (Celeron @1.6GHz) to calculate the first 100,000 (or so) decimal places of Pi. Having done that, the timings for extracting the longest repeated sequence of digits are quick and fairly linear as expected.
As the task doesn't say whether overlapping sequences are to be counted, I've assumed that they are as this is what the algorithm naturally produces.
<lang go>package main
import (
"fmt"
"math/big"
"time"
)
var maxChar = 128
type Node struct {
children []*Node
suffixLink *Node
start int
end *int
suffixIndex int
}
var (
text string
root *Node
lastNewNode *Node
activeNode *Node
activeEdge = -1
activeLength = 0
remainingSuffixCount = 0
leafEnd = -1
rootEnd *int
splitEnd *int
size = -1
)
func newNode(start int, end *int) *Node {
node := new(Node)
node.children = make([]*Node, maxChar)
node.suffixLink = root
node.start = start
node.end = end
node.suffixIndex = -1
return node
}
func edgeLength(n *Node) int {
if n == root {
return 0
}
return *(n.end) - n.start + 1
}
func walkDown(currNode *Node) bool {
if activeLength >= edgeLength(currNode) {
activeEdge += edgeLength(currNode)
activeLength -= edgeLength(currNode)
activeNode = currNode
return true
}
return false
}
func extendSuffixTree(pos int) {
leafEnd = pos
remainingSuffixCount++
lastNewNode = nil
for remainingSuffixCount > 0 {
if activeLength == 0 {
activeEdge = pos
}
if activeNode.children[text[activeEdge]] == nil {
activeNode.children[text[activeEdge]] = newNode(pos, &leafEnd)
if lastNewNode != nil {
lastNewNode.suffixLink = activeNode
lastNewNode = nil
}
} else {
next := activeNode.children[text[activeEdge]]
if walkDown(next) {
continue
}
if text[next.start+activeLength] == text[pos] {
if lastNewNode != nil && activeNode != root {
lastNewNode.suffixLink = activeNode
lastNewNode = nil
}
activeLength++
break
}
temp := next.start + activeLength - 1
splitEnd = &temp
split := newNode(next.start, splitEnd)
activeNode.children[text[activeEdge]] = split
split.children[text[pos]] = newNode(pos, &leafEnd)
next.start += activeLength
split.children[text[next.start]] = next
if lastNewNode != nil {
lastNewNode.suffixLink = split
}
lastNewNode = split
}
remainingSuffixCount--
if activeNode == root && activeLength > 0 {
activeLength--
activeEdge = pos - remainingSuffixCount + 1
} else if activeNode != root {
activeNode = activeNode.suffixLink
}
}
}
func setSuffixIndexByDFS(n *Node, labelHeight int) {
if n == nil {
return
}
if n.start != -1 {
// Uncomment line below to print suffix tree
// fmt.Print(text[n.start: *(n.end) +1])
}
leaf := 1
for i := 0; i < maxChar; i++ {
if n.children[i] != nil {
// Uncomment the 3 lines below to print suffix index
//if leaf == 1 && n.start != -1 {
// fmt.Printf(" [%d]\n", n.suffixIndex)
//}
leaf = 0
setSuffixIndexByDFS(n.children[i], labelHeight+edgeLength(n.children[i]))
}
}
if leaf == 1 {
n.suffixIndex = size - labelHeight
// Uncomment line below to print suffix index
//fmt.Printf(" [%d]\n", n.suffixIndex)
}
}
func buildSuffixTree() {
size = len(text)
temp := -1
rootEnd = &temp
root = newNode(-1, rootEnd)
activeNode = root
for i := 0; i < size; i++ {
extendSuffixTree(i)
}
labelHeight := 0
setSuffixIndexByDFS(root, labelHeight)
}
func doTraversal(n *Node, labelHeight int, maxHeight, substringStartIndex *int) {
if n == nil {
return
}
if n.suffixIndex == -1 {
for i := 0; i < maxChar; i++ {
if n.children[i] != nil {
doTraversal(n.children[i], labelHeight+edgeLength(n.children[i]),
maxHeight, substringStartIndex)
}
}
} else if n.suffixIndex > -1 && (*maxHeight < labelHeight-edgeLength(n)) {
*maxHeight = labelHeight - edgeLength(n)
*substringStartIndex = n.suffixIndex
}
}
func getLongestRepeatedSubstring(s string) {
maxHeight := 0
substringStartIndex := 0
doTraversal(root, 0, &maxHeight, &substringStartIndex)
// Uncomment line below to print maxHeight and substringStartIndex
// fmt.Printf("maxHeight %d, substringStartIndex %d\n", maxHeight, substringStartIndex)
if s == "" {
fmt.Printf(" %s is: ", text)
} else {
fmt.Printf(" %s is: ", s)
}
k := 0
for ; k < maxHeight; k++ {
fmt.Printf("%c", text[k+substringStartIndex])
}
if k == 0 {
fmt.Print("No repeated substring")
}
fmt.Println()
}
func calculatePi() *big.Float {
one := big.NewFloat(1)
two := big.NewFloat(2)
four := big.NewFloat(4)
prec := uint(325 * 1024) // enough to calculate Pi to 100,182 decimal digits
a := big.NewFloat(1).SetPrec(prec)
g := new(big.Float).SetPrec(prec)
// temporary variables
t := new(big.Float).SetPrec(prec)
u := new(big.Float).SetPrec(prec)
g.Quo(a, t.Sqrt(two))
sum := new(big.Float)
pow := big.NewFloat(2)
for a.Cmp(g) != 0 {
t.Add(a, g)
t.Quo(t, two)
g.Sqrt(u.Mul(a, g))
a.Set(t)
pow.Mul(pow, two)
t.Sub(t.Mul(a, a), u.Mul(g, g))
sum.Add(sum, t.Mul(t, pow))
}
t.Mul(a, a)
t.Mul(t, four)
pi := t.Quo(t, u.Sub(one, sum))
return pi
}
func main() {
tests := []string{
"GEEKSFORGEEKS$",
"AAAAAAAAAA$",
"ABCDEFG$",
"ABABABA$",
"ATCGATCGA$",
"banana$",
"abcpqrabpqpq$",
"pqrpqpqabab$",
}
fmt.Println("Longest Repeated Substring in:\n")
for _, test := range tests {
text = test
buildSuffixTree()
getLongestRepeatedSubstring("")
}
fmt.Println()
pi := calculatePi()
piStr := fmt.Sprintf("%v", pi)
piStr = piStr[2:] // remove initial 3.
numbers := []int{1e3, 1e4, 1e5}
maxChar = 58
for _, number := range numbers {
start := time.Now()
text = piStr[0:number] + "$"
buildSuffixTree()
getLongestRepeatedSubstring(fmt.Sprintf("first %d d.p. of Pi", number))
elapsed := time.Now().Sub(start)
fmt.Printf(" (this took %s)\n\n", elapsed)
}
}</lang>
{{out}}
Sample run:
<pre>
Longest Repeated Substring in:
GEEKSFORGEEKS$ is: GEEKS
AAAAAAAAAA$ is: AAAAAAAAA
ABCDEFG$ is: No repeated substring
ABABABA$ is: ABABA
ATCGATCGA$ is: ATCGA
banana$ is: ana
abcpqrabpqpq$ is: ab
pqrpqpqabab$ is: ab
first 1000 d.p. of Pi is: 23846
(this took 7.728858ms)
first 10000 d.p. of Pi is: 7111369
(this took 57.524478ms)
first 100000 d.p. of Pi is: 041021944
(this took 599.770281ms)
</pre>
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