String length: Difference between revisions

Assembler 360 use EBCDIC coding, so one character is one byte.

The L' atrribute can be seen as the length function for assembler 360.

LEN CSECT

USING LEN,15 base register

D DS D double word 8

PG DS CL12 string 12

{{out}}

<pre>

{{trans|Z80 Assembly}}

Most 6502-based computers predate Unicode, so only byte length will be demonstrated for now.

;(Of course, any two consecutive zero-page memory locations can fulfill this role.)

LDY #0 ;Y is both the index into the string and the length counter.

 

exit:

 

=={{header|68000 Assembly}}==

===Byte Length (ASCII)===

; INPUT: A3 = BASE ADDRESS OF STRING

; RETURNS LENGTH IN D1 (MEASURED IN BYTES)

 

done:

 

=={{header|4D}}==

===Byte Length===

=={{header|AArch64 Assembly}}==

{{works with|as|Raspberry Pi 3B version Buster 64 bits}}

/* ARM assembly AARCH64 Raspberry PI 3B */

/* program stringLength64.s */

/* for this file see task include a file in language AArch64 assembly */

.include "../includeARM64.inc"

=={{header|ActionScript}}==

===Byte length===

This uses UTF-8 encoding. For other encodings, the ByteArray's <code>writeMultiByte()</code> method can be used.

package {

}

 

===Character Length===

var s1:String = "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog";

var s2:String = "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢";

var s3:String = "José";

trace(s1.length, s2.length, s3.length); // 43, 14, 4

 

=={{header|Ada}}==

{{works with|GCC|4.1.2}}

===Byte Length===

The 'Size attribute returns the size of an object in bits. Provided that under "byte" one understands an octet of bits, the length in "bytes" will be 'Size divided to 8. Note that this is not necessarily the machine storage unit. In order to make the program portable, System.Storage_Unit should be used instead of "magic number" 8. System.Storage_Unit yields the number of bits in a storage unit on the current machine. Further, the length of a string object is not the length of what the string contains in whatever measurement units. String as an object may have a "dope" to keep the array bounds. In fact the object length can even be 0, if the compiler optimized the object away. So in most cases "byte length" makes no sense in Ada.

 

===Character Length===

UCS_16_Str : Wide_String := "Hello World";

Unicode_Str : Wide_Wide_String := "Hello World";

Latin_1_Length : constant Natural := Latin_1_Str'Length;

UCS_16_Length : constant Natural := UCS_16_Str'Length;

The attribute 'Length yields the number of elements of an [[array]]. Since strings in Ada are arrays of characters, 'Length is the string length. Ada supports strings of [[Latin-1]], [[UCS-16]] and full [[Unicode]] characters. In the example above character length of all three strings is 11. The length of the objects in bits will differ.

 

=={{header|Aime}}==

===Byte Length===

or

 

=={{header|ALGOL 68}}==

===Bits and Bytes Length===

BYTES bytes := bytes pack("Hello, world"); # packed array of CHAR #

print((

"bits width:", bits width, ", max bits: ", max bits, ", bits:", bits, new line,

"bytes width: ",bytes width, ", UPB:",UPB STRING(bytes), ", string:", STRING(bytes),"!", new line

Output:

<pre>

</pre>

===Character Length===

INT length := UPB str;

printf(($"Length of """g""" is "g(3)l$,str,length));

printf(($l"STRINGS can start at -1, in which case LWB must be used:"l$));

STRING s := "abcd"[@-1];

Output:

<pre>

 

=={{header|Apex}}==

String myString = 'abcd';

System.debug('Size of String', myString.length());

 

=={{header|AppleScript}}==

===Byte Length===

Mac OS X 10.5 (Leopard) includes AppleScript 2.0 which uses only Unicode (UTF-16) character strings.

This example has been tested on OSX 10.8.5. Added a combining char for testing.

set inString to "Hello é̦世界"

set byteCount to 0

return 1

end if

 

===Character Length===

Or:

 

=={{header|Applesoft BASIC}}==

=={{header|ARM Assembly}}==

{{works with|as|Raspberry Pi}}

/* ARM assembly Raspberry PI */

/* program stringLength.s */

/***************************************************/

.include "../affichage.inc"

<pre>

møøse€

===Character Length===

 

 

 

{{out}}

=={{header|AutoHotkey}}==

===Character Length===

Or:

StringLen, Length, String

 

=={{header|Avail}}==

===Character Length===

Avail represents strings as a tuple of characters, with each character representing a single code point.

===Byte Length===

A UTF-8 byte length can be acquired with the standard library's UTF-8 encoder.

encoder ::= a UTF8 encoder;

bytes ::= encoder process nonBMPString;

 

// or, as a one-liner

 

=={{header|AWK}}==

===Byte Length===

From within any code block:

x=length("Hello," s " world!") # dynamic string example

y=length($1) # input field example

Ad hoc program from command line:

<pre> echo "Hello, wørld!" | awk '{print length($0)}' # 14</pre>

From executable script: (prints for every line arriving on stdin)

 

=={{header|Axe}}==

 

===Byte Length===

 

=={{header|BaCon}}==

BaCon has full native support for UTF-8 encoding.

PRINT "Charlen of 'hello': ", ULEN("hello")

 

 

PRINT "Bytelen of '𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢': ", LEN("𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢")

{{out}}

<pre>

===Character Length===

{{works with|QBasic}}

{{works with|Liberty BASIC}}

{{works with|PowerBASIC|PB/CC, PB/DOS}}

 

BASIC only supports single-byte characters. The character "ø" is converted to "°" for printing to the console and length functions, but will still output to a file as "ø".

 

==={{header|ZX Spectrum Basic}}===

The ZX Spectrum needs line numbers:

 

 

However, it's not quite as trivial as this.

Stripping out all entries in the string with codes in the lower 32 will get rid of colour control codes. The character length of a token is not a simple thing to determine, so this version strips them out too by eliminating anything above CHR$ 164 (the last UDG). A 91-entry DATA list of token lengths might be the next step.

 

20 LET b$=""

30 FOR x=1 TO LEN a$

60 LET b$=b$+a$(k)

70 NEXT x

 

====Grapheme length====

Alternatively, the string might include control codes for backspacing and overwriting;

 

will produce an "o" character overprinted with a quotation mark, resulting in a "passable" impression of an umlaut. The above code will reduce this to two characters when the actual printed length is one (byte length is of course five). The other possible workaround is to print the string and calculate the character length based on the resultant change in screen position. (This will only work for a string with a character length that actually fits on the screen, so below about 670.)

 

20 CLS

30 PRINT a$;

40 LET x=PEEK 23688: LET y=PEEK 23689

 

==={{header|Commodore BASIC}}===

Commodore BASIC needs line numbers too, and can't use mixed case. When in mixed case mode, everything must be in lower case letters. However, the default is UPPERCASE + graphic characters; thus everything appears as UPPER case character.

 

 

==={{header|IS-BASIC}}===

 

==={{header|QB64}}===

In QB64 a String variable is assumed to be UTF-8 and thus the byte length is the same as character length. That said there are methods to map UTF-16 and UTF-32 to the CP437 (ASCII) table (see, _MAPUNICODE).

 

=={{header|Batch File}}==

===Byte Length===

setlocal enabledelayedexpansion

call :length %1 res

set str=!str:~1!

set /a cnt = cnt + 1

 

=={{header|BBC BASIC}}==

===Character Length===

===Byte Length===

{{works with|BBC BASIC for Windows}}

CP_UTF8 = &FDE9

PRINT "Length in bytes (ANSI encoding) = " ; LEN(textA$)

PRINT "Length in bytes (UTF-16 encoding) = " ; 2*(nW%-1)

Output:

<pre>Length in bytes (ANSI encoding) = 5

Length in bytes (UTF-16 encoding) = 10

Length in bytes (UTF-8 encoding) = 7</pre>

 

=={{header|Bracmat}}==

The solutions work with UTF-8 encoded strings.

===Byte Length===

length

. @(!arg:? [?length)

);

 

Answer:

<pre>28</pre>

===Character Length===

length c

. 0:?length

);

 

Answer:

<pre>7</pre>

An improved version scans the input string character wise, not byte wise. Thus many string positions that are deemed not to be possible starting positions of UTF-8 are not even tried. The patterns <code>[!p</code> and <code>[?p</code> implement a ratchet mechanism. <code>[!p</code> indicates the start of a character and <code>[?p</code> remembers the end of the character, which becomes the start position of the next byte.

length c p

. 0:?length:?p

)

| !length

 

Later versions of Bracmat have the built in function <code>vap</code> that "vaporises" a string into "atoms". If the string is UTF-8 encoded, then each "atom" is one UTF-8 character, so the length of the list of atoms is the character length of the input string. The first argument to the <code>vap</code> function is a function that will be applied to every UTF-8 encoded character in the input string. The outcomes of these function calls are the elements in the resulting list. In the solution below we choose an anonymous function <code>(=.!arg)</code> that just returns the characters themselves.

length

. vap$((=.!arg).!arg):? [?length&!length

 

=={{header|C}}==

 

{{works with|GCC|3.3.3}}

 

int main(void)

return 0;

or by hand:

 

{

const char *string = "Hello, world!";

return 0;

 

or (for arrays of char only)

 

 

int main(void)

return 0;

 

===Character Length===

For wide character strings (usually Unicode uniform-width encodings such as UCS-2 or UCS-4):

 

#include <wchar.h>

 

return 0;

 

===Dealing with raw multibyte string===

Following code is written in UTF-8, and environment locale is assumed to be UTF-8 too. Note that "møøse" is here directly written in the source code for clarity, which is not a good idea in general. <code>mbstowcs()</code>, when passed NULL as the first argument, effectively counts the number of chars in given string under current locale.

#include <stdlib.h>

#include <locale.h>

 

return 0;

chars: 5</pre>

 

{{works with|C sharp|C #|1.0+}}

===Character Length===

 

===Byte Length===

Strings in .NET are stored in Unicode.

 

string s = "Hello, world!";

To get the number of bytes that the string would require in a different encoding, e.g., UTF8:

 

=={{header|C++}}==

{{works with|ISO C++}}

{{works with|g++|4.0.2}}

using std::string;

 

// In bytes same as above since sizeof(char) == 1

string::size_type bytes = s.length() * sizeof(string::value_type);

For wide character strings:

 

using std::wstring;

wstring s = L"\u304A\u306F\u3088\u3046";

wstring::size_type length = s.length() * sizeof(wstring::value_type); // in bytes

 

===Character Length===

For wide character strings:

 

using std::wstring;

 

wstring s = L"\u304A\u306F\u3088\u3046";

wstring::size_type length = s.length();

 

For narrow character strings:

{{works with|clang++|3.0}}

 

#include <codecvt>

int main()

std::wstring_convert<std::codecvt_utf8<char32_t>, char32_t> conv;

std::cout << "Character length: " << conv.from_bytes(utf8).size() << '\n';

 

{{works with|C++98}}

{{works with|g++|4.1.2 20061115 (prerelease) (SUSE Linux)}}

#include <locale>

 

// return the result

return length;

 

Example usage (note that the locale names are OS specific):

 

 

int main()

// Tür in ISO-8859-1

std::cout << char_length("\x54\xfc\x72", "de_DE") << "\n"; // outputs 3

 

Note that the strings are given as explicit hex sequences, so that the encoding used for the source code won't matter.

Clean Strings are unboxed arrays of characters. Characters are always a single byte. The function size returns the number of elements in an array.

 

 

strlen :: String -> Int

strlen string = size string

 

 

=={{header|Clojure}}==

===Byte Length===

(map utf-8-octet-length ["møøse" "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢" "J\u0332o\u0332s\u0332e\u0301\u0332"]) ; (7 28 14)

 

 

(def code-unit-length count)

 

===Character length===

 

===Grapheme Length===

#(->> (doto (java.text.BreakIterator/getCharacterInstance)

(.setText %))

(take-while (partial not= java.text.BreakIterator/DONE))

count))

 

=={{header|COBOL}}==

===Byte Length===

 

Alternative, non-standard extensions:

{{works with|GNU Cobol}}

 

{{works with|GNU Cobol}}

{{works with|Visual COBOL}}

 

===Character Length===

 

=={{header|ColdFusion}}==

===Byte Length===

<cfoutput>

<cfset str = "Hello World">

<p>#arrayLen(t)#</p>

</cfoutput>

 

===Character Length===

 

=={{header|Common Lisp}}==

 

{{works with|SBCL}}

returns 12.

===Character Length===

Common Lisp represents strings as sequences of characters, not bytes, so there is no ambiguity about the encoding. The [http://www.lispworks.com/documentation/HyperSpec/Body/f_length.htm length] function always returns the number of characters in a string.

returns 11, and

<pre>(length "Hello Wørld")</pre>

 

===Character Length===

MODULE TestLen;

 

 

END TestLen.

 

A symbol ''$'' in ''LEN(s$)'' in Component Pascal allows to copy sequence of characters up to null-terminated character. So, ''LEN(s$)'' returns a real length of characters instead of allocated by variable.

 

===Byte Length===

MODULE TestLen;

 

 

END TestLen.

 

Running command ''TestLen.DoByteLength'' gives following output:

Length of characters in bytes: 10

</pre>

 

=={{header|D}}==

===Byte Length===

 

void showByteLen(T)(T[] str) {

dstring s3c = "J̲o̲s̲é̲";

showByteLen(s3c);

{{out}}

<pre>Byte length: 7 - 6dc3b8c3b87365

 

===Character Length===

 

void showCodePointsLen(T)(T[] str) {

dstring s3c = "J̲o̲s̲é̲";

showCodePointsLen(s3c);

{{out}}

<pre>Character length: 5 - 6d f8 f8 73 65

=={{header|DataWeave}}==

===Character Length===

 

{{out}}

===Byte Length===

Dc's "P" command prints numbers as strings. The number 22405534230753963835153736737 (hint: look at it in hex) represents "Hello world!". Counting the byte length of it is counting how often it iteratively can be divided by 256 with non zero result. The snippet defines the macro which calculates the length, prints the string 1st and then its length.

22405534230753963835153736737 d P A P

<pre>

Hello world!

===Character Length===

The following code output 5, which is the length of the string "abcde"

 

=={{header|Déjà Vu}}==

===Byte Length===

Byte length depends on the encoding, which internally is UTF-8, but users of the language can only get at the raw bytes after encoding a string into a blob.

{{out}}

<pre>

 

===Character Length===

{{out}}

<pre>5

See [https://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_length#Pascal Pascal].

=={{header|Dyalect}}==

 

=={{header|E}}==

===Character Length===

 

=={{header|Elena}}==

===Character Length===

ELENA 4.x :

public program()

var ws_length := ws.Length; // Number of UTF-16 characters

var u_length := ws.toArray().Length; //Number of UTF-32 characters

 

===Byte Length===

ELENA 4.x :

public program()

var s_byte_length := s.toByteArray().Length; // Number of bytes

var ws_byte_length := ws.toByteArray().Length; // Number of bytes

 

=={{header|Elixir}}==

===Byte Length===

name = "J\x{332}o\x{332}s\x{332}e\x{301}\x{332}"

byte_size(name)

# => 14

===Character Length===

name = "J\x{332}o\x{332}s\x{332}e\x{301}\x{332}"

Enum.count(String.codepoints(name))

# => 9

===Grapheme Length===

name = "J\x{332}o\x{332}s\x{332}e\x{301}\x{332}"

String.length(name)

# => 4

 

=={{header|Emacs Lisp}}==

===Character Length===

===Byte Length===

 

<code>string-bytes</code> is the length of Emacs' internal representation. In Emacs 23 up this is utf-8. In earlier versions it was "emacs-mule".

<code>string-width</code> is the displayed width of a string in the current frame and window. This is not the same as grapheme length since various Asian characters may display in 2 columns, depending on the type of tty or GUI.

 

(mapcar (lambda (c) (decode-char 'ucs c))

'(#x1112 #x1161 #x11ab #x1100 #x1173 #x11af)))))

(string-bytes str)

(string-width str)))

 

=={{header|Erlang}}==

=={{header|Euphoria}}==

===Character Length===

 

=={{header|F_Sharp|F#}}==

This is delegated to the standard .Net framework string and encoding functions.

===Byte Length===

===Character Length===

 

=={{header|Factor}}==

===Byte Length===

Here are two words to compute the byte length of strings. The first one doesn't allocate new memory, the second one can easily be adapted to measure the byte length of encodings other than UTF8.

===Character Length===

<code>length</code> works on any sequece, of which strings are one. Strings are UTF8 encoded.

 

=={{header|Fantom}}==

A string can be converted into an instance of <code>Buf</code> to treat the string as a sequence of bytes according to a given charset: the default is UTF8, but 16-bit representations can also be used.

 

fansh> c := "møøse"

møøse

fansh> c.toBuf(Charset.utf16BE).toHex // display as UTF16 big-endian

006d00f800f800730065

 

===Character length===

 

fansh> c := "møøse"

møøse

fansh> c.size

5

 

=={{header|Forth}}==

A counted string is a single pointer to a short string in memory. The string's first byte is the count of the number of characters in the string. This is how symbols are stored in a Forth dictionary.

 

s C@ ( -- length=11 )

 

'''Stack string'''

A string on the stack is represented by a pair of cells: the address of the string data and the length of the string data (in characters). The word '''COUNT''' converts a counted string into a stack string. The STRING utility wordset of ANS Forth works on these addr-len pairs. This representation has the advantages of not requiring null-termination, easy representation of substrings, and not being limited to 255 characters.

 

 

===Character Length===

The following code will count the number of UTF-8 characters in a null-terminated string. It relies on the fact that all bytes of a UTF-8 character except the first have the the binary bit pattern "10xxxxxx".

 

: utf8+ ( str -- str )

begin

10000000 <>

until ;

 

0

begin

utf8+

swap 1+

 

=={{header|Fortran}}==

 

=={{header|FreeBASIC}}==

 

Dim s As String = "moose" '' variable length ascii string

Print "w : " ; w, "Character Length : "; Len(s), "Byte Length : "; SizeOf(w)

Print

 

{{out}}

===Byte Length===

A string can be converted to an array of bytes in any supported encoding.

b = "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢"

length[stringToBytes[b, "UTF-8"]]

 

===Character Length===

Frink's string operations correctly handle upper-plane Unicode characters as a single codepoint.

b = "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢"

length[b]

 

===Grapheme Length===

b = "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢"

graphemeLength[b]

 

=={{header|GAP}}==

# or same result with

 

=={{header|Gnuplot}}==

===Byte Length===

 

=={{header|Go}}==

====Byte Length====

 

import "fmt"

j := "J̲o̲s̲é̲"

fmt.Printf("%d %s % x\n", len(m), m, m)

fmt.Printf("%d %s % x\n", len(j), j, j)

Output:

<pre>

</pre>

====Character Length====

 

import (

fmt.Printf("%d %s %x\n", utf8.RuneCountInString(u), u, []rune(u))

fmt.Printf("%d %s %x\n", utf8.RuneCountInString(j), j, []rune(j))

Output:

<pre>

===Grapheme Length===

Go does not have language or library features to recognize graphemes directly. For example, it does not provide functions implementing [http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr29/ Unicode Standard Annex #29, Unicode Text Segmentation]. It does however have convenient functions for recognizing Unicode character categories, and so an expected subset of grapheme possibilites is easy to recognize. Here is a solution recognizing the category "Mn", which includes the combining characters used in the task example.

 

import (

}

return gr

Output:

<pre>

Calculating "Byte-length" (by which one typically means "in-memory storage size in bytes") is not possible through the facilities of the Groovy language alone. Calculating "Character length" is built into the Groovy extensions to java.lang.String.

===Character Length===

 

Output:

 

Note: The Java "String.length()" method also works in Groovy, but "size()" is consistent with usage in other sequential or composite types.

GW-BASIC only supports single-byte characters.

 

 

=={{header|Haskell}}==

There are several (non-standard, so far) Unicode encoding libraries available on [http://hackage.haskell.org/ Hackage]. As an example, we'll use [http://hackage.haskell.org/packages/archive/encoding/0.2/doc/html/Data-Encoding.html encoding-0.2], as ''Data.Encoding'':

 

import Data.ByteString as B

 

 

strlenUTF8 = B.length strUTF8

===Character Length===

{{works with|GHC|GHCi|6.6}}

The base type ''Char'' defined by the standard is already intended for (plain) Unicode characters.

 

 

=={{header|HicEst}}==

 

=={{header|HolyC}}==

===Byte Length===

Print("%d\n", StrLen(string));

 

=={{header|Icon}} and {{header|Unicon}}==

==== Character Length ====

 

Note: Neither Icon nor Unicon currently supports double-byte character sets.

'''Compiler:''' any IDL compiler should do

 

===Character Length===

{{needs-review|IDL}}

 

=={{header|Io}}==

===Byte Length===

 

===Character Length===

 

=={{header|J}}==

===Byte Length===

Here we use the default encoding for character literals (8 bit wide literals).

===Character Length===

Here we have used 16 bit wide character literals. See also the dictionary page for [http://www.jsoftware.com/help/dictionary/duco.htm u:].

 

=={{header|Java}}==

Another way to know the byte length of a string -who cares- is to explicitly specify the charset we desire.

 

int byteCountUTF16 = s.getBytes("UTF-16").length; // Incorrect: it yields 28 (that is with the BOM)

int byteCountUTF16LE = s.getBytes("UTF-16LE").length; // Correct: it yields 26

 

===Character Length===

 

The length method of String objects is not the length of that String in characters. Instead, it only gives the number of 16-bit code units used to encode a string. This is not (always) the number of Unicode characters (code points) in the string.

 

Since Java 1.5, the actual number of characters (code points) can be determined by calling the codePointCount method.

int not_really__the_length = str.length(); // value is 2, which is not the length in characters

===Grapheme Length===

 

public class Grapheme {

System.out.println("Grapheme length: " + count+ " " + s);

}

Output:

<pre>

 

=={{header|JavaScript}}==

JavaScript encodes strings in UTF-16, which represents each character with one or two 16-bit values. The length property of string objects gives the number of 16-bit values used to encode a string, so the number of bytes can be determined by doubling that number.

 

JavaScript encodes strings in UTF-16, which represents each character with one or two 16-bit values. The most commonly used characters are represented by one 16-bit value, while rarer ones like some mathematical symbols are represented by two.

 

 

===ES6 destructuring/iterators===

ES6 provides several ways to get a string split into an array of code points instead of UTF-16 code units:

str='AöЖ€𝄞'

,countofcodeunits=str.length // 6

countofcodepoints=cparr.length // 5

}

 

=={{header|jq}}==

jq strings are JSON strings and are therefore encoded as UTF-8. When given a JSON string, the <tt>length</tt> filter emits the number of Unicode codepoints that it contains:

def describe:

"length of \(.) is \(length)";

 

$ jq -n -f String_length.jq

"length of J̲o̲s̲é̲ is 8"

 

=={{header|JudoScript}}==

===Byte Length===

{{needs-review|JudoScript}}

===Character Length===

{{needs-review| JudoScript}}

 

=={{header|Julia}}==

Julia encodes strings as UTF-8, so the byte length (via <code>sizeof</code>) will be different from the string length (via <code>length</code>) only if the string contains non-ASCII characters.

 

===Byte Length===

 

===Character Length===

 

=={{header|K}}==

===Character Length===

#"Hello, world!"

13

#"Hëllo, world!"

13

 

=={{header|Kotlin}}==

 

As each UTF-16 character occupies 2 bytes, it follows that the number of bytes occupied by the string will be twice the length:

val s = "José"

println("The char length is ${s.length}")

 

{{out}}

The lambdatalk {W.length string} function returns the number of bytes in a string. For Unicode characters made of two bytes things are a little bit more tricky. It's easy to add (inline) a new javascript primitive to the dictionary:

 

{script

LAMBDATALK.DICT["W.unicodeLength"] = function() {

{W.length 𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢} -> 14

{W.unicodeLength 𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢} -> 7

 

 

=={{header|Lasso}}==

===Character Length===

'møøse'->size // 5

 

===Byte Length===

'møøse'->asBytes->size // 7

 

=={{header|LFE}}==

=== Character Length ===

 

(length "ASCII text")

10

> (length (unicode:characters_to_list encoded 'utf8))

12

 

=== Byte Length ===

 

> (set encoded (binary ("𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢 𝔗𝔢𝒙𝔱" utf8)))

#B(240 157 148 152 240 157 148 171 240 157 ...)

> (byte_size encoded)

10

 

=={{header|Liberty BASIC}}==

=={{header|Lingo}}==

===Character Length===

put utf8Str.length

===Byte Length===

put bytearray(utf8Str).length

 

=={{header|LiveCode}}==

 

===Character Length===

or

or

 

for Unicode character count use the code units keyword

 

===Byte Length===

Use the 'byte' keyword in LiveCode for an accurate unicode char byte count

 

=={{header|Logo}}==

Logo is so old that only ASCII encoding is supported. Modern versions of Logo may have enhanced character set support.

print count "møøse ; 5

 

=={{header|LSE64}}==

===Byte Length===

LSE stores strings as arrays of characters in 64-bit cells plus a count.

===Character Length===

LSE uses counted strings: arrays of characters, where the first cell contains the number of characters in the string.

 

=={{header|Lua}}==

 

In Lua, a character is always the size of one byte so there is no difference between byte length and character length.

===Byte Length===

 

or

 

 

===Character Length===

 

or

 

 

=={{header|M2000 Interpreter}}==

 

=={{header|Maple}}==

=== Character length ===

=== Byte count ===

 

=={{header|Mathematica}}/{{header|Wolfram Language}}==

=== Character length ===

=== Byte length ===

 

=={{header|MATLAB}}==

===Character Length===

 

ans =

 

===Byte Length===

MATLAB apparently encodes strings using UTF-16.

 

ans =

 

 

=={{header|Maxima}}==

slength(s);

 

=={{header|MAXScript}}==

===Character Length===

 

=={{header|Mercury}}==

 

===Byte Length===

:- interface.

 

write_length(String, !IO):-

NumBytes = count_utf8_code_units(String),

 

Output:

===Character Length===

The function <tt>string.count_codepoints/1</tt> returns the number of code points in a string.

:- interface.

 

write_length(String, !IO) :-

NumChars = count_codepoints(String),

 

Output:

Metafont has no way of handling properly encodings different from ASCII. So it is able to count only the number of bytes in a string.

 

s := "Hello Moose";

show length(s); % 11 (ok)

s := "Hello Møøse";

show length(s); % 13 (number of bytes when the string is UTF-8 encoded,

 

'''Note''': in the lang tag, Møøse is Latin1-reencoded, showing up two bytes (as Latin1) instead of one

=={{header|MIPS Assembly}}==

This only supports ASCII encoding, so it'll return both byte length and char length.

.data

#.asciiz automatically adds the NULL terminator character, \0 for us.

li $v0,10 #set syscall to cleanly exit EXIT_SUCCESS

syscall

 

=={{header|mIRC Scripting Language}}==

===Byte Length===

{{needs-review|mIRC Scripting Language}}

===Character Length===

{{needs-review|mIRC Scripting Language}}

''$utfdecode()'' converts an UTF-8 string to the locale encoding, with unrepresentable characters as question marks. Since mIRC is not yet fully Unicode aware, entering Unicode text trough a dialog box will automatically convert it to ASCII.

alias stringlength2 {

var %name = Børje

echo -a %name is: $utf8len(%name) characters long!

 

=={{header|Modula-3}}==

===Byte Length===

 

IMPORT IO, Fmt, Text;

BEGIN

IO.Put("Byte length of s: " & Fmt.Int((Text.Length(s) * BYTESIZE(s))) & "\n");

===Character Length===

 

IMPORT IO, Fmt, Text;

BEGIN

IO.Put("String length of s: " & Fmt.Int(Text.Length(s)) & "\n");

 

=={{header|Nemerle}}==

Both examples rely on .Net faculties, so they're almost identical to C#

===Character Length===

 

===Byte Length===

 

def message = "How long am I anyways?";

 

=={{header|NewLISP}}==

===Character Length===

 

=={{header|Nim}}==

 

 

 

 

=={{header|Oberon-2}}==

 

===Byte Length===

 

IMPORT Out;

Out.LongInt(s,0);

Out.Ln;

 

Output:

 

===Character Length===

 

IMPORT Out, Strings;

Out.Int(l,0);

Out.Ln;

 

Output:

 

===Character Length===

"Foo"->Size()->PrintLine();

 

===Byte Length===

"Foo"->Size()->PrintLine();

 

=={{header|Objective-C}}==

 

The length method of NSString objects is not the length of that string in characters. Instead, it only gives the number of 16-bit code units used to encode a string. This is not (always) the number of Unicode characters (code points) in the string.

// XXX: does not (always) count Unicode characters (code points)!

 

Since Mac OS X 10.6, CFString has methods for converting between supplementary characters and surrogate pair. However, the easiest way to get the number of characters is probably to encode it in UTF-32 (which is a fixed-length encoding) and divide by 4:

 

===Byte Length===

Objective-C encodes strings in UTF-16, which represents each character with one or two 16-bit values. The length method of NSString objects returns the number of 16-bit values used to encode a string, so the number of bytes can be determined by doubling that number.

 

 

Another way to know the byte length of a string is to explicitly specify the charset we desire.

 

// here explicitly UTF-8

unsigned numberOfBytes =

 

=={{header|OCaml}}==

 

Standard OCaml strings are classic ASCII ISO 8859-1, so the function String.length returns the byte length which is the character length in this encoding:

 

===Character Length===

 

While using the '''UTF8''' module of ''Camomile'' the byte length of an utf8 encoded string will be get with <tt>String.length</tt> and the character length will be returned by <tt>UTF8.length</tt>:

 

let () =

Printf.printf " %d\n" (String.length "møøse");

Printf.printf " %d\n" (UTF8.length "møøse");

 

Run this code with the command:

7

5

</pre>

 

=={{header|Octave}}==

 

This gives the number of bytes, not of characters. e.g. length("è") is 2 when "è" is encoded e.g. as UTF-8.

 

=={{header|Ol}}==

; Character length

(print (string-length "Hello, wørld!"))

(print (length (string->bytes "Hello, wørld!")))

; ==> 14

 

=={{header|OpenEdge/Progress}}==

 

===Character Length===

FIX-CODEPAGE( lcc ) = "UTF-8".

lcc = "møøse".

 

===Byte Length===

FIX-CODEPAGE( lcc ) = "UTF-8".

lcc = "møøse".

 

 

=={{header|Oz}}==

===Byte Length===

Oz uses a single-byte encoding by default. So for normal strings, this will also show the correct character length.

 

===Character Length===

Characters = bytes in Pari; the underlying strings are C strings interpreted as US-ASCII.

===Byte Length===

This works on objects of any sort, not just strings, and includes overhead.

 

=={{header|Pascal}}==

===Byte Length===

const

s = 'abcdef';

writeln (length(s))

end.

Output:

<pre>

Strings in Perl consist of characters. Measuring the byte length therefore requires conversion to some binary representation (called encoding, both noun and verb).

 

use Encode qw(encode);

 

 

print length encode 'UTF-16', "Hello, world! ☺";

 

===Character Length===

{{works with|Perl|5.X}}

 

 

===Grapheme Length===

 

{{works with|Perl|5.12}}

my $string = "\x{1112}\x{1161}\x{11ab}\x{1100}\x{1173}\x{11af}"; # 한글

my $len;

$len++ while ($string =~ /\X/g);

 

{{out}}

{{libheader|Phix/basics}}

The standard length function returns the number of bytes, character length is achieved by converting to utf32

<span style="color: #008080;">constant</span> <span style="color: #000000;">s</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #008000;">"𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢"</span>

<span style="color: #0000FF;">?<span style="color: #7060A8;">length<span style="color: #0000FF;">(<span style="color: #000000;">s<span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>

<span style="color: #0000FF;">?<span style="color: #7060A8;">length<span style="color: #0000FF;">(<span style="color: #000000;">utf8_to_utf32<span style="color: #0000FF;">(<span style="color: #000000;">s<span style="color: #0000FF;">)<span style="color: #0000FF;">)

{{out}}

<pre>

=={{header|PHP}}==

Program in a UTF8 linux:

foreach (array('møøse', '𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢', 'J̲o̲s̲é̲') as $s1) {

printf('String "%s" measured with strlen: %d mb_strlen: %s grapheme_strlen %s%s',

$s1, strlen($s1),mb_strlen($s1), grapheme_strlen($s1), PHP_EOL);

}

yields the result:

<pre>

 

=={{header|PicoLisp}}==

(prinl "Character Length of \"" Str "\" is " (length Str))

Output:

<pre>Character Length of "møøse" is 5

 

=={{header|PL/I}}==

put ('Character length=', length (WS));

put skip list ('Byte length=', size(WS));

declare SM graphic (13) initial ('Hello world');

put ('Character length=', length(SM));

 

=={{header|PL/SQL}}==

LENGTH4 uses UCS4 code points.

===Byte Length===

string VARCHAR2(50) := 'Hello, world!';

stringlength NUMBER;

BEGIN

stringlength := LENGTHB(string);

 

===Character Length===

string VARCHAR2(50) := 'Hello, world!';

stringlength NUMBER;

ucs2length := LENGTH2(string);

ucs4length := LENGTH4(string);

 

=={{header|Pop11}}==

Currently Pop11 supports only strings consisting of 1-byte units. Strings can carry arbitrary binary data, so user can for example use UTF-8 (however builtin procedures will treat each byte as a single character). The length function for strings returns length in bytes:

 

 

=={{header|PostScript}}==

===Character Length===

(Hello World) length =

11

 

=={{header|Potion}}==

===Character Length===

"𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢" length print

 

=={{header|PowerShell}}==

===Character Length===

===Byte Length===

{{trans|C#}}

 

For UTF-16, which is the default in .NET and therefore PowerShell:

For UTF-8:

 

=={{header|PureBasic}}==

===Character Length===

 

===Byte Length===

Note: The number of bytes returned does not include the terminating Null-Character of the string. The size of the Null-Character is 1 byte for Ascii and UTF8 mode and 2 bytes for Unicode mode.

 

b = StringByteLength("ä", #PB_Ascii) ;b will be 1

c = StringByteLength("ä", #PB_Unicode) ;c will be 2

 

=={{header|Python}}==

 

For 8-bit strings, the byte length is the same as the character length:

 

For Unicode strings, length depends on the internal encoding. Since version 2.2 Python shipped with two build options: it either uses 2 or 4 bytes per character. The internal representation is not interesting for the user.

 

print len(u'\u05d0'.encode('utf-8'))

# 2

print len(u'\u05d0'.encode('iso-8859-8'))

 

Example from the problem statement:

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

s = u"møøse"

assert len(s) == 5

assert len(s.encode('UTF-8')) == 7

====Character Length====

{{works with|Python|2.4}}

len() returns the number of code units (not code points!) in a Unicode string or plain ASCII string. On a wide build, this is the same as the number of code points, but on a narrow one it is not. Most linux distributions install the wide build by default, you can check the build at runtime with:

 

 

To get the length of encoded string, you have to decode it first:

# 5

print len(u'\u05d0') # the letter Alef as unicode literal

# 1

print hex(sys.maxunicode), len(unichr(0x1F4A9))

 

On a narrow build, len() gives the wrong answer for non-BMP chars

 

 

===3.x===

You can use len() to get the length of a byte sequence.

 

 

To get a byte sequence from a string, you have to encode it with the desired encoding:

 

print(len('\u05d0'.encode())) # the default encoding is utf-8 in Python3

# 2

print(len('\u05d0'.encode('iso-8859-8')))

 

Example from the problem statement:

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

s = "møøse"

u="𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢"

assert len(u.encode()) == 28

====Character Length====

 

Thus Python is able to avoid memory overhead when dealing with only ASCII strings, while handling correctly all codepoints in Unicode. len() returns the number of characters/codepoints:

 

 

Until Python 3.2 instead, length depended on the internal encoding, since it shipped with two build options: it either used 2 or 4 bytes per character.

len() returned the number of code units in a string, which could be different from the number of characters. In a narrow build, this is not a reliable way to get the number of characters. You can only easily count code points in a wide build. Most linux distributions install the wide build by default, you can check the build at runtime with:

 

 

# 5

print(len('\u05d0')) # the letter Alef as unicode literal

 

To get the length of an encoded byte sequence, you have to decode it first:

 

 

 

On a narrow build, len() gives the wrong answer for non-BMP chars

 

 

=={{header|R}}==

 

===Byte length===

 

===Character length===

 

=={{header|Racket}}==

 

Using this definition:

on the REPL, we get the following:

 

===Character length===

 

===Byte length===

 

=={{header|Raku}}==

===Byte Length===

 

 

===Character Length===

 

 

===Grapheme Length===

 

 

=={{header|REBOL}}==

===Byte Length===

 

length? "møøse"

 

;; r3

 

===Character length===

 

 

=={{header|ReScript}}==

===Byte Length===

 

=={{header|Retro}}==

===Byte Length===

 

===Character Length===

Retro does not have built-in support for Unicode, but counting of characters can be done with a small amount of effort.

 

{{

: utf+ ( $-$ )

;chain

 

 

=={{header|REXX}}==

<br>is stored as character strings.

===Byte Length===

/* 1 */ /*a handy-dandy over/under scale.*/

/* 123456789012345 */

sum = 5+1 ; say 'the length of SUM is ' length(sum)

/* [↑] is, of course, 6. */

'''output'''

<pre>

=={{header|Ring}}==

===Character Length===

aString = "Welcome to the Ring Programming Language"

aStringSize = len(aString)

see "Character lenghts : " + aStringSize

 

=={{header|Robotic}}==

===Character Length===

set "$local1" to "Hello world!"

* "String length: &$local1.length&"

end

 

Unfortunately, only character length can be retrieved in this language.

 

=={{header|Ruby}}==

UTF8 is the default encoding in Ruby.

===Byte Length===

 

===Character Length===

===Grapheme Length===

===Code Set Independence===

The next examples show the '''byte length''' and '''character length''' of "møøse" in different encodings.

! Output

|-

s = "møøse"

puts "Byte length: %d" % s.bytesize

| <pre>Byte length: 5

Character length: 5</pre>

|-

s = "møøse"

puts "Byte length: %d" % s.bytesize

| <pre>Byte length: 7

Character length: 5</pre>

|-

s = "møøse"

puts "Byte length: %d" % s.bytesize

| <pre>Byte length: 11

Character length: 5</pre>

Then either <code>string.scan(/./u).size</code> or <code>string.gsub(/./u, ' ').size</code> counts the UTF-8 characters in string.

 

 

class String

s = "文字化け"

puts "Byte length: %d" % s.bytesize

 

=={{header|Run BASIC}}==

 

=={{header|Rust}}==

===Byte Length===

fn main() {

let s = "文字化け"; // UTF-8

println!("Byte Length: {}", s.len());

}

===Character Length===

fn main() {

let s = "文字化け"; // UTF-8

println!("Character length: {}", s.chars().count());

}

 

=={{header|SAS}}==

a="Hello, World!";

b=length(c);

put _all_;

 

=={{header|Scala}}==

{{libheader|Scala}}

object StringLength extends App {

val s1 = "møøse"

} UTF16bytes= ${s.getBytes("UTF-16LE").size}"))

}

{{out}}

<pre>The string: møøse, characterlength= 5 UTF8bytes= 7 UTF16bytes= 10

{{works_with|Gauche|0.8.7 [utf-8,pthreads]}}

'''string-size''' function is only Gauche function.

 

{{works with|PLT Scheme|4.2.4}}

 

===Character Length===

{{works_with|Gauche|0.8.7 [utf-8,pthreads]}}

'''string-length''' function is in [[R5RS]], [[R6RS]].

 

=={{header|sed}}==

Text is read from standard input e.g. <code>echo "string" | sed -f script.sed</code> or <code>sed -f script.sed file.txt</code> (The solution given would be the contents of a text file <code>script.sed</code> in these cases).

For files with more than one line, sed will give a count for each line.

 

=={{header|Seed7}}==

===Character Length===

 

=={{header|SETL}}==

===Character Length===

 

=={{header|Sidef}}==

 

 

===Byte Length===

UTF-8 byte length (default):

 

UTF-16 byte length:

 

===Character Length===

 

===Grapheme Length===

 

=={{header|Simula}}==

</pre>

===Byte Length===

TEXT LINE;

WHILE NOT LASTITEM DO

END;

END.

{{out}}

<pre>

===Character Length===

To calculate the character length, one can do it manually:

 

! NUMBER OF UFT8 CHARACTERS IN STRING ;

END;

 

{{out}}

<pre>"møøse" CHARACTER LENGTH = 5

 

=={{header|Slate}}==

 

=={{header|Smalltalk}}==

 

{{works with|Smalltalk/X}}

'hello' utf8Encoded size -> 5

'hello' utf8Encoded asByteArray -> #[104 101 108 108 111]

'𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢' utf8Encoded asByteArray -> #[240 157 148 152 240 157 148 171 240 157 148 166 240 157 148 160 240 157 148 172 240 157 148 161 240 157 148 162]

'𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢' utf16Encoded size -> 14

 

===Byte Length===

{{works with|GNU Smalltalk}}

===Character Length===

{{works with|GNU Smalltalk}}

 

requires loading the Iconv package:

 

 

=={{header|SNOBOL4}}==

===Byte Length ===

output = "Byte length: " size(trim(input))

end

 

===Character Length ===

The example works AFAIK only with CSnobol4 by Phil Budne

-include "utf.sno"

output = "Char length: " utfsize(trim(input))

end

 

=={{header|Sparkling}}==

===Byte length===

 

=={{header|SPL}}==

All strings in SPL are Unicode. See code below.

===Character Length===

 

> i, 1..#.size(t,1)

<

#.output(s)

{{out}}

<pre>

{{works with|Db2 LUW}}

With SQL only:

VALUES LENGTH('møøse', CODEUNITS16);

VALUES LENGTH('møøse', CODEUNITS32);

VALUES LENGTH2('J̲o̲s̲é̲');

VALUES LENGTH4('J̲o̲s̲é̲');

Output:

<pre>

{{works with|Db2 LUW}}

With SQL only:

VALUES LENGTH('møøse');

VALUES LENGTHB('møøse');

VALUES LENGTH('J̲o̲s̲é̲');

VALUES LENGTHB('J̲o̲s̲é̲');

Output:

<pre>

{{works with|Moscow ML|2.01}}

{{works with|MLton|20061107}}

===Character Length===

{{works with|Standard ML of New Jersey|SML/NJ|110.74}}

 

=={{header|Stata}}==

Use '''[https://www.stata.com/help.cgi?f_strlen strlen]''' for byte length, and '''[https://www.stata.com/help.cgi?f_ustrlen ustrlen]''' for the number of Unicode characters in a string.

 

 

di strlen(s)

 

di ustrlen(s)

 

=={{header|Swift}}==

To count "characters" (Unicode grapheme clusters):

{{works with|Swift|2.x}}

{{works with|Swift|1.2}}

{{works with|Swift|1.0-1.1}}

 

===Character Length===

To count Unicode code points:

{{works with|Swift|2.x}}

{{works with|Swift|1.2}}

{{works with|Swift|1.0-1.1}}

 

===Byte Length===

For length in UTF-8, count the number of UTF-8 code units:

{{works with|Swift|2.x}}

{{works with|Swift|1.2}}

{{works with|Swift|1.0-1.1}}

 

For length in UTF-16, count the number of UTF-16 code units, and multiply by 2:

{{works with|Swift|2.x}}

{{works with|Swift|1.2}}

{{works with|Swift|1.0-1.1}}

 

=={{header|Symsyn}}==

===Byte Length===

c : 'abcdefgh'

#c []

Output:

<pre>

===Byte Length===

Formally, Tcl does not guarantee to use any particular representation for its strings internally (the underlying implementation objects can hold strings in at least three different formats, mutating between them as necessary) so the way to calculate the "byte length" of a string can only be done with respect to some user-selected encoding. This is done this way (for UTF-8):

<!-- Yes, there's <tt>string bytelength</tt>; don't use it. It's deeply wrong-headed and will probably go away in future releases. [[DKF]] -->

Thus, we have these examples:

set s2 "\u304A\u306F\u3088\u3046"

set enc utf-8

$s1 [string length [encoding convertto $enc $s1]]]

puts [format "length of \"%s\" in bytes is %d" \

 

===Character Length===

Basic version:

 

 

or more elaborately, needs '''Interpreter''' any 8.X. Tested on 8.4.12.

 

set s1 "hello, world"

set s2 "\u304A\u306F\u3088\u3046"

puts [format "length of \"%s\" in characters is %d" $s1 [string length $s1]]

 

=={{header|TI-89 BASIC}}==

The TI-89 uses an fixed 8-bit encoding so there is no difference between character length and byte length.

 

 

=={{header|Toka}}==

===Byte Length===

 

=={{header|Trith}}==

===Character Length===

===Byte Length===

 

=={{header|TUSCRIPT}}==

===Character Length ===

$$ MODE TUSCRIPT

string="hello, world"

l=LENGTH (string)

PRINT "character length of string '",string,"': ",l

Output:

<pre>

 

=={{header|UNIX Shell}}==

 

{{works with|Bourne Shell}}

length=`expr "x$string" : '.*' - 1`

 

====With [[Unix|SUSv3]] parameter expansion modifier:====

 

{{works with|Almquist SHell}}

{{works with|Z SHell}}

 

=={{header|Vala}}==

===Character Length===

string s = "Hello, world!";

int characterLength = s.length;

 

=={{header|VBA}}==

=={{header|VBScript}}==

===Byte Length===

 

Returns the number of bytes required to store a string in memory. Returns null if string|varname is null.

===Character Length===

 

Returns the length of the string|varname . Returns null if string|varname is null.

One method of Encoding returns the number of bytes required to encode a .NET string in that encoding (encoding objects can be obtained through readonly static [Shared in VB.NET] properties of the Encoding class).

 

Function GetByteLength(s As String, encoding As Text.Encoding) As Integer

Return encoding.GetByteCount(s)

End Function

 

====Character Length====

An alternative implementation is to count the number of UTF-16 surrogate pairs in a string and subtract that number from the number of UTF-16 code units in the string.

 

Function GetUTF16CodeUnitsLength(s As String) As Integer

Return s.Length

Return GetByteLength(s, Text.Encoding.UTF32) \ 4

End Function

 

====Grapheme Length====

<code>System.Globalization.StringInfo</code> provides a means of enumerating the text elements of a string, where each "text element" is a Unicode grapheme.

 

' Wraps an IEnumerator, allowing it to be used as an IEnumerable.

Private Iterator Function AsEnumerable(enumerator As IEnumerator) As IEnumerable

Return AsEnumerable(elements).OfType(Of String).Count()

End Function

 

====Test Code====

The compiler constant <code>PRINT_TESTCASE</code> toggles whether to write the contents of each test case to the console; disable for inputs that may mess with the console.

 

 

Module Program

 

End Sub

 

{{out}}

bytes (UTF-16) 18

bytes (UTF-32) 36

</pre>

 

=={{header|Wren}}==

===Byte Length===

System.print("𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢".bytes.count)

 

{{out}}

 

===Character Length===

System.print("𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢".count)

 

{{out}}

7

8

</pre>

 

The following code uses AT&T syntax and was tested using AS (the portable GNU assembler) under Linux.

 

.data

string: .asciz "Test"

leave

ret

 

=={{header|XPL0}}==

 

Output:

=={{header|XSLT}}==

===Character Length===

...

 

=={{header|xTalk}}==

LiveCode fully supports multi-byte Unicode characters since version 7. See the LiveCode section for more information.

 

or

 

===Byte Length===

 

=={{header|Yorick}}==

===Character Length===

 

=={{header|Z80 Assembly}}==

===Byte Length===

Code is called as a subroutine, i.e. <code>CALL getStringLength</code>.

; outputs length to B. HL will point to the last character in the string just before the terminator.

; length is one-indexed and does not include the terminator. A null string will return 0 in B.

inc hl ;next char

inc b ;increment the byte count

 

=={{header|zkl}}==

If your terminal/editor deals with UTF-8 (mine doesn't), you don't need to use the escapes, just put the unicode characters in quotes (ie the editor inserts UTF bytes, which are non zero).

===Character Length===

===Byte Length===

"\ufeff\u00A2 \u20ac".len() //-->9

Data(0,Int,"\ufeff\u00A2 \u20ac") //-->Data(9) (bytes)

"J\u0332o\u0332s\u0332e\u0301\u0332".len() //-->14

===Character Length===

UTF-8 characters are counted, modifiers (such as underscore) are counted as separate characters.

"\ufeff\u00A2 \u20ac".len(8) //-->4 "BOM¢ €"

"\U1000;".len(8) //-->Exception thrown: ValueError(Invalid UTF-8 string)

"\uD800" //-->SyntaxError : Line 2: Bad Unicode constant (\uD800-\uDFFF)

"J\u0332o\u0332s\u0332e\u0301\u0332".len(8) //-->9 "J̲o̲s̲é̲"

[[Wikipedia::https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_programming_languages_%28string_functions%29#length]]