Reflection/List properties: Difference between revisions

Add Ecstasy example
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=={{header|C sharp}}==
{{works with|C sharp|7}}
<langsyntaxhighlight lang="csharp">using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
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}
 
}</langsyntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>
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=={{header|D}}==
<langsyntaxhighlight lang="d">import std.stdio;
 
struct S {
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printProperties!S;
printProperties!C;
}</langsyntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>Properties of S:
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Properties of C:
b</pre>
 
=={{header|Ecstasy}}==
For any object, the type of that object provides access to its properties:
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="ecstasy">
module test {
void run() {
@Inject Console console;
Property[] properties = &this.actualType.properties;
console.print($"The properties of {this}: {properties}");
}
}
</syntaxhighlight>
 
{{out}}
<pre>
x$ xec test
The properties of test: [immutable Array<Class<Object, Object, Object, Struct>> classes, immutable Map<String, Class<Object, Object, Object, Struct>> classByName, String simpleName, String qualifiedName, Version version, immutable Map<String, Module> modulesByPath]
</pre>
 
=={{header|Elena}}==
ELENA 56.0x :
<langsyntaxhighlight lang="elena">import system'routines;
import system'dynamic;
import extensions;
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class MyClass
{
prop int X : prop;
prop string Y : prop;
}
 
public program()
{
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this Y := "String";
};
 
MyClass.__getProperties().forEach::(p)
{
console.printLine("o.",p,"=",cast MessageName(p).getPropertyValue(o))
}
}</langsyntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>
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=={{header|Factor}}==
Mirrors present an object's slots and slot values as an associative structure.
<langsyntaxhighlight lang="factor">USING: assocs kernel math mirrors prettyprint strings ;
 
TUPLE: foo
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"apple" "banana" 200 <foo> <mirror>
[ >alist ] [ object-slots ] bi [ . ] bi@</langsyntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>
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=={{header|Go}}==
<langsyntaxhighlight Golang="go">package main
 
import (
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}
fmt.Println()
}</langsyntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>
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=={{header|Groovy}}==
{{trans|Java}}
<langsyntaxhighlight lang="groovy">import java.lang.reflect.Field
 
@SuppressWarnings("unused")
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}
}
}</langsyntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>All public fields (including inherited):
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=={{header|Java}}==
<langsyntaxhighlight lang="java">import java.lang.reflect.Field;
 
public class ListFields {
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}
}
}</langsyntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>
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There are multiple ways of getting property names, each of which include different subsets of an object's properties, such as enumerable or inherited properties. Properties in JavaScript can be enumerable or non-enumerable; enumerable properties are accessable when looping over the object with <code>for</code>. <code>Object.getOwnPropertyNames()</code>.
 
<langsyntaxhighlight lang="javascript">var obj = Object.create({
name: 'proto',
proto: true,
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Object.entries(obj);
//[["name", "obj"], ["obj", true], ["doStuff", function()]]
</syntaxhighlight>
</lang>
 
=={{header|jq}}==
{{works with|jq}}
 
Various properties of JSON values are directly accessible via the
built-in functions `type`, `length` (except for booleans), and, for
JSON objects, `keys` and `keys_unsorted`:
 
* `type` returns the JSON type;
* `length` returns an array's length, the number of (distinct) keys of an object, the absolute value of a number, and 0 for `null`;
 
Note that gojq (the Go implementation of jq) does not support `keys_unsorted`.
 
Other properties can be ascertained programmatically.
See e.g. '''schema.jq''' (https://gist.github.com/pkoppstein/a5abb4ebef3b0f72a6ed) for a schema-inference engine for JSON written in jq; the inferred schemas are themselves JSON documents.
 
'''Example'''
<syntaxhighlight lang="jq">
# Use jq's built-ins to generate a (recursive) synopsis of .
def synopsis:
if type == "boolean" then "Type: \(type)"
elif type == "object"
then "Type: \(type) length:\(length)",
(keys_unsorted[] as $k
| "\($k): \(.[$k] | synopsis )")
else "Type: \(type) length: \(length)"
end;
 
true, null, [1,2], {"a": {"b": 3, "c": 4}, "x": "Rosetta Code"}, now
| ("\n\(.) ::", synopsis)
</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>
true ::
Type: boolean
 
null ::
Type: null length: 0
 
[1,2] ::
Type: array length: 2
 
{"a":{"b":3,"c":4},"x":[0,1]} ::
Type: object length:2
a: Type: object length:2
a: b: Type: number length: 3
a: c: Type: number length: 4
x: Type: string length: 12
 
1629526284.540229 ::
Type: number length: 1629526284.540229
</pre>
 
 
=={{header|Julia}}==
{{works with|Julia|0.6}}
 
<langsyntaxhighlight lang="julia">for obj in (Int, 1, 1:10, collect(1:10), now())
println("\nObject: $obj\nDescription:")
dump(obj)
end</langsyntaxhighlight>
 
{{out}}
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=={{header|Kotlin}}==
<langsyntaxhighlight lang="scala">// version 1.1
 
import kotlin.reflect.full.memberProperties
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println("${prop.name.padEnd(13)} -> ${prop.get(example)}")
}
}</langsyntaxhighlight>
 
{{out}}
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=={{header|Lingo}}==
<langsyntaxhighlight lang="lingo">obj = script("MyClass").new()
obj.foo = 23
obj.bar = 42
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repeat with i = 1 to cnt
put obj.getPropAt(i)&" = "&obj[i]
end repeat</langsyntaxhighlight>
 
{{Out}}
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=={{header|Lua}}==
<langsyntaxhighlight lang="lua">a = 1
b = 2.0
c = "hello world"
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listProperties(_G)
print("Package properties")
listProperties(package)</langsyntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>Global properties
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=={{header|Nanoquery}}==
<langsyntaxhighlight Nanoquerylang="nanoquery">// declare a class that has fields to be listed
class Fields
declare static field1 = "this is a static field. it will not be listed"
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for fieldname in Fields.getFieldNames()
println fieldname
end</langsyntaxhighlight>
 
{{out}}
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field2
field4</pre>
=={{header|Nim}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="nim">type
Foo = object
a: float
b: string
c: seq[int]
let f = Foo(a: 0.9, b: "hi", c: @[1,2,3])
for n, v in f.fieldPairs:
echo n, ": ", v</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>a: 0.9
b: hi
c: @[1, 2, 3]</pre>
 
=={{header|Objective-C}}==
<langsyntaxhighlight lang="objc">#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import <objc/runtime.h>
 
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return 0;
}</langsyntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>
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Many of these options are also supported by other REXX implementations.
<langsyntaxhighlight lang="oorexx">/* REXX demonstrate uses of datatype() */
/* test values */
d.1=''
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Say ol
End
Say hdr</langsyntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre> A B I L M N O S U V W X 9 datatype(v)
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=={{header|Perl}}==
In Perl's bare-bones native OO system, an object is sometimes nothing more than a hash blessed into a class. It's properties could be simply listed by iterating over the keys. However more complex data structures can be present, so the safest option is always to use <code>Data::Dumper</code> to examine an object.
<langsyntaxhighlight lang="perl">{
package Point;
use Class::Spiffy -base;
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say Dumper $p1;
say Dumper $c1;
say Dumper $c2;</langsyntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>$VAR1 = bless( {
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=={{header|Phix}}==
{{libheader|Phix/Class}}
Needs 0.8.1+
Note that content from and parameters to get_struct_type/fields() may change between releases.<br>
You should certainly be prepared for them to return NULL for unrecognised field names and types.<br>
Technically the code below is re-fetching tid and flags before returning them in a textual format.
<lang Phix>class c nullable
integer int = 1
public atom atm = 2.3
string str = "4point5"
sequence seq
public:
object obj = {"an object"}
c child
private function foo();
public procedure bar();
end class
 
<!--<syntaxhighlight lang="phix">-->
c c_instance = new()
<span style="color: #008080;">class</span> <span style="color: #000000;">c</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">nullable</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">integer</span> <span style="color: #004080;">int</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">1</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">public</span> <span style="color: #004080;">atom</span> <span style="color: #000000;">atm</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">2.3</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">string</span> <span style="color: #000000;">str</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #008000;">"4point5"</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">sequence</span> <span style="color: #000000;">seq</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">public</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">:</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">object</span> <span style="color: #000000;">obj</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">{</span><span style="color: #008000;">"an object"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">}</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">c</span> <span style="color: #000000;">child</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">private</span> <span style="color: #008080;">function</span> <span style="color: #000000;">foo</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">();</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">public</span> <span style="color: #008080;">procedure</span> <span style="color: #000000;">bar</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">();</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">class</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">c</span> <span style="color: #000000;">c_instance</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">new</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">()</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">include</span> <span style="color: #000000;">builtins</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">\</span><span style="color: #000000;">structs</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">.</span><span style="color: #000000;">e</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">as</span> <span style="color: #000000;">structs</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">function</span> <span style="color: #000000;">nulls</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #004080;">object</span> <span style="color: #000000;">s</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #008080;">return</span> <span style="color: #008080;">iff</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">s</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span><span style="color: #004600;">NULL</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">?</span><span style="color: #008000;">"NULL"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">:</span><span style="color: #000000;">s</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">function</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">sequence</span> <span style="color: #000000;">fields</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">structs</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">:</span><span style="color: #000000;">get_struct_fields</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">c</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">for</span> <span style="color: #000000;">i</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span> <span style="color: #008080;">to</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">length</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">fields</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #008080;">do</span>
<span style="color: #0000FF;">{</span><span style="color: #004080;">string</span> <span style="color: #000000;">name</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #004080;">integer</span> <span style="color: #000000;">tid</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #004080;">integer</span> <span style="color: #000000;">flags</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">}</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">fields</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">i</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">if</span> <span style="color: #008080;">not</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">and_bits</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">flags</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">SF_RTN</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #008080;">then</span> <span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">-- (exclude foo/bar)</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">string</span> <span style="color: #000000;">t</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">nulls</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">structs</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">:</span><span style="color: #000000;">get_field_type</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">c</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">name</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #004600;">true</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)),</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">f</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">nulls</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">structs</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">:</span><span style="color: #000000;">get_field_flags</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">c</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">name</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #004600;">true</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">))</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">object</span> <span style="color: #000000;">v</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">nulls</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">structs</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">:</span><span style="color: #000000;">fetch_field</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">c_instance</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">name</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">c</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">))</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">printf</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #008000;">"type:%-11s, name:%-5s, flags:%s, value:%v\n"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,{</span><span style="color: #000000;">t</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">name</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">f</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">v</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">})</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">if</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">for</span>
<!--</syntaxhighlight>-->
 
include builtins\structs.e as structs
function nulls(object s) return iff(s=NULL?"NULL":s) end function
sequence fields = structs:get_struct_fields(c)
for i=1 to length(fields) do
{string name, integer tid, integer flags} = fields[i]
if not and_bits(flags,SF_RTN) then -- (exclude foo/bar)
string t = nulls(structs:get_field_type(c,name,true)),
f = nulls(structs:get_field_flags(c,name,true))
object v = nulls(structs:fetch_field(c_instance,name,c))
printf(1,"type:%-11s, name:%-5s, flags:%s, value:%v\n",{t,name,f,v})
end if
end for</lang>
{{out}}
<pre>
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=={{header|PHP}}==
<langsyntaxhighlight lang="php"><?
class Foo {
}
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var_dump(get_object_vars($obj));
?></langsyntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>
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}
</pre>
 
=={{header|PicoLisp}}==
The function <code>show</code> can be used to print all properties of an object.
 
First we define a rectangle class <code>+Rectangle</code> as subclass of a shape class <code>+Shape</code>:
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="picolisp">
# The Rectangle class
(class +Rectangle +Shape)
# dx dy
 
(dm T (X Y DX DY)
(super X Y)
(=: dx DX)
(=: dy DY) )
 
(dm area> ()
(* (: dx) (: dy)) )
 
(dm perimeter> ()
(* 2 (+ (: dx) (: dy))) )
 
(dm draw> ()
(drawRect (: x) (: y) (: dx) (: dy)) ) # Hypothetical function 'drawRect'
</syntaxhighlight>
 
Then we can create an object of the +Rectangle class and check its properties using the <code>show</code> function.
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="text">
: (setq R (new '(+Rectangle) 0 0 30 20))
-> $177356065126400
 
: (show R)
$177715702441044 (+Rectangle)
dy 20
dx 30
y 0
x 0
-> $177715702441044
</syntaxhighlight>
 
 
=={{header|PL/I}}==
Line 734 ⟶ 865:
 
Here we find the properties of a <code>[DateTime]</code> object:
<syntaxhighlight lang="powershell">
<lang PowerShell>
Get-Date | Get-Member -MemberType Property
</syntaxhighlight>
</lang>
 
{{Out}}
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</pre>
The "Add" methods of a <code>[DateTime]</code> object:
<syntaxhighlight lang="powershell">
<lang PowerShell>
Get-Date | Get-Member -MemberType Method -Name Add*
</syntaxhighlight>
</lang>
{{Out}}
<pre>
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The <code>[https://docs.python.org/3.5/library/functions.html#dir dir()]</code> function and Python's <code>[https://docs.python.org/3.5/library/inspect.html#module-inspect inspect]</code> module both will list properties.
 
<langsyntaxhighlight lang="python">class Parent(object):
__priv = 'private'
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inspect.getmembers(chld)
#[('__class__', <class '__main__.Child'>), ..., ('args', (0, 'I', 'two')), ('args_bleh', "(0, 'I', 'two') bleh"), ('doNothing', <bound method Child.doNothing of Child(chld, 0, 'I', 'two')>), ('doStuff', <bound method Child.doStuff of Child(chld, 0, 'I', 'two')>), ('name', 'chld'), ('name_bleh', 'chld bleh'), ('own', "chld's own"), ('own_bleh', "chld's own bleh"), ('reBleh', <_sre.SRE_Pattern object at 0x10067bd20>), ('reBleh_bleh', '<_sre.SRE_Pattern object at 0x10067bd20> bleh')]
</syntaxhighlight>
</lang>
 
=={{header|Raku}}==
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Each is represented as an <tt>Attribute</tt> object that contains a bunch of info:
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="raku" perl6line>class Foo {
has $!a = now;
has Str $.b;
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for $object.^attributes {
say join ", ", .name, .readonly, .container.^name, .get_value($object);
}</langsyntaxhighlight>
 
{{out}}
Line 906 ⟶ 1,037:
 
A simplistic example:
<langsyntaxhighlight lang="rexx">j=2
abc.j= -4.12
 
 
say 'variable abc.2 (length' length(abc.2)')=' abc.2</langsyntaxhighlight>
<br><br>
===version 2===
<langsyntaxhighlight lang="rexx">/* REXX shows the "equivalent" to PL/I's PUT DATA for a simple variable */
/* put_data2('a.') to show all a.tail values isn't that easy :-) */
j=2
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put_data:
Parse Arg variable
return(variable'='''value(variable)'''')</langsyntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>abc.2='-4.12'
Line 929 ⟶ 1,060:
 
=={{header|Ruby}}==
<langsyntaxhighlight lang="ruby">class Foo
@@xyz = nil
def initialize(name, age)
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p Foo.class_variable_get(:@@xyz) #=> :xyz
p Foo.class_variable_set(:@@abc, 123) #=> 123
p Foo.class_variables #=> [:@@xyz, :@@abc]</langsyntaxhighlight>
 
=={{header|Scala}}==
===Java Interoperability===
{{Out}}Best seen running in your browser [https://scastie.scala-lang.org/MdkPxH6yTlS4W8TaXYxSgA Scastie (remote JVM)].
<langsyntaxhighlight Scalalang="scala">object ListProperties extends App {
private val obj = new {
val examplePublicField: Int = 42
Line 974 ⟶ 1,105:
println("\nAll declared fields (excluding inherited):")
clazz.getDeclaredFields.foreach(f => println(s"${f}}"))
}</langsyntaxhighlight>
 
=={{header|Smalltalk}}==
for names of slots defined in the class (excludes inherited):
<syntaxhighlight lang="smalltalk">someObject class instVarNames</syntaxhighlight>
for all slot names (incl. inherited):
<syntaxhighlight lang="text">someObject class allInstVarNames</syntaxhighlight>
to get a Dictionary (aka. HashTable) mapping names to values:
<syntaxhighlight lang="text">someObject class allInstVarNames collect:[:nm | nm -> (someObject instVarNamed:nm)] as:Dictionary</syntaxhighlight>
 
A class can make this a secret by redefining #instVar access to eg. raise an exception.
Notice: this is not considered good Smalltalk style - it should be used by debuggers and object inspectors only, except for special frameworks (such as code generators etc.).
 
=={{header|Tcl}}==
Line 980 ⟶ 1,122:
 
For objects supporting this protocol, you can list all options by invoking the <tt>configure</tt> method without arguments (result split over multiple lines for readability):
<langsyntaxhighlight Tcllang="tcl">% package require Tk
8.6.5
% . configure
Line 990 ⟶ 1,132:
{-highlightcolor highlightColor HighlightColor #000000 #000000}
{-highlightthickness highlightThickness HighlightThickness 0 0} {-padx padX Pad 0 0} {-pady padY Pad 0 0}
{-takefocus takeFocus TakeFocus 0 0} {-visual visual Visual {} {}} {-width width Width 0 0}</langsyntaxhighlight>
 
Two-element sublists (eg <tt>-bd -borderwidth</tt>) represent aliases, and five-element sublists are of the form <tt>{optionName dbName dbClass defaultValue currentValue}</tt>. <tt>dbName</tt> and <tt>dbClass</tt> are related to how the option is specified in the <i>option database</i>.
Line 996 ⟶ 1,138:
Simply listing the option names is like this:
 
<langsyntaxhighlight Tcllang="tcl">% lmap o [. configure] {if {[llength $o] == 2} continue else {lindex $o 0}}
-borderwidth -class -menu -relief -screen -use -background -colormap -container -cursor -height
-highlightbackground -highlightcolor -highlightthickness -padx -pady -takefocus -visual -width</langsyntaxhighlight>
 
=={{header|Visual Basic .NET}}==
{{trans|C#}}
<langsyntaxhighlight lang="vbnet">Imports System.Reflection
 
Module Module1
Line 1,033 ⟶ 1,175:
End Sub
 
End Module</langsyntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>{ Name = PublicNumber, Value = 4 }
Line 1,040 ⟶ 1,182:
{ Name = _PublicNumber, Value = 4 }
{ Name = _PrivateNumber, Value = 2 }</pre>
 
=={{header|Wren}}==
Wren doesn't currently have reflection as such but it's possible to identify a class's properties and list them at runtime by placing a suitable attribute on the class.
 
Note that, since attributes are stored internally as a map, the order in which the property names appear is undefined.
<syntaxhighlight lang="wren">#! instance_methods(m, n, o)
#! instance_properties(p, q, r)
class C {
construct new() {}
 
m() {}
 
n() {}
 
o() {}
p {}
 
q {}
r {}
}
 
var c = C.new() // create an object of type C
System.print("List of properties available for object 'c':")
for (property in c.type.attributes.self["instance_properties"]) System.print(property.key)</syntaxhighlight>
 
{{out}}
<pre>
List of properties available for object 'c':
r
q
p
</pre>
 
=={{header|zkl}}==
Line 1,045 ⟶ 1,221:
 
Every object has a "properties" method, which returns a list of property names [for that object].
<langsyntaxhighlight lang="zkl">properties:=List.properties;
properties.println();
List(1,2,3).property(properties[0]).println(); // get value
List(1,2,3).Property(properties[0])().println(); // method that gets value
List(1,2,3).BaseClass(properties[0]).println(); // another way to get value</langsyntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
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