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Parametric polymorphism: Difference between revisions

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Parametric polymorphism (view source)

Revision as of 15:25, 19 March 2022

9,510 bytes added ,  2 years ago
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→‎{{header|Phix}}: syntax coloured, made p2js compatible
m (→‎{{header|Phix}}: syntax coloured, made p2js compatible)
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Of course many builtin routines are naturally generic, such as sort and print.<br>
Most programming languages would throw a hissy fit if you tried to sort (or print) a mixed collection of strings and integers, but not Phix:
<!--<lang Phix>?sort(shuffle({5,"oranges",6,"apples",7}phixonline))</lang-->
<span style="color: #0000FF;">?</span><span style="color: #7060A8;">sort</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #7060A8;">shuffle</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">({</span><span style="color: #000000;">5</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #008000;">"oranges"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">6</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #008000;">"apples"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">7</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">}))</span>
main()<!--</lang>-->▼
{{out}}
<pre>
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because lhs assignee!=rhs reference (aka root2!=root) in "root2 = tmap(root,rid)", not that such a "deep clone"
would (barring a few dirty low-level tricks) behave any differently to "root2=root", which is "a straightforward shared reference
with cow semantics". Aside: this example lost a little bit of it's charm when the deep_copy() had to go in to make it pwa/p2js compatible, which has somewhat negated the previous sentence, but that was happening implicitly anyway, and the depths of 1 (ie ",1" on the deep_copy()) retain similar efficiency.
with cow semantics".
<!--<lang Phix>enum data, left, right(phixonline)-->
<span style="color: #008080;">with</span> <span style="color: #008080;">javascript_semantics</span>
 
<span style="color: #008080;">enum</span> <span style="color: #000000;">data</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">left</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">right</span>
function tmap(sequence tree, integer rid)
tree[data] = call_func(rid,{tree[data]})
if tree[left]!=null then tree[left] = tmap(tree[left],rid) end if
if tree[right]!=null then tree[right] = tmap(tree[right],rid) end if
return tree
end function
 
function newnode(object v)
return {v,null,null}
end function
<span style="color: #008080;">function</span> <span style="color: #000000;">tmap</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #004080;">sequence</span> <span style="color: #000000;">tree</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #004080;">integer</span> <span style="color: #000000;">rid</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
function add10(atom x) return x+10 end function
<span style="color: #000000;">tree</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">data</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">rid</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">tree</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">data</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">])</span>
 
<span style="color: #008080;">if</span> <span style="color: #000000;">tree</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">left</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]!=</span><span style="color: #004600;">null</span> <span style="color: #008080;">then</span> <span style="color: #000000;">tree</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">left</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">tmap</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #7060A8;">deep_copy</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">tree</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">left</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">],</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">),</span><span style="color: #000000;">rid</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">if</span>
procedure main()
<span style="color: #008080;">if</span> <span style="color: #000000;">tree</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">right</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]!=</span><span style="color: #004600;">null</span> <span style="color: #008080;">then</span> <span style="color: #000000;">tree</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">right</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">tmap</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #7060A8;">deep_copy</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">tree</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">right</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">],</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">),</span><span style="color: #000000;">rid</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">if</span>
object root = newnode(1.00)
<span style="color: #008080;">return</span> <span style="color: #000000;">tree</span>
-- Add some nodes.
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">function</span>
root[left] = newnode(1.10)
root[left][left] = newnode(1.11)
root[left][right] = newnode(1.12)
<span style="color: #008080;">function</span> <span style="color: #000000;">newnode</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #004080;">object</span> <span style="color: #000000;">v</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
root[right] = newnode(1.20)
<span style="color: #008080;">return</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">{</span><span style="color: #000000;">v</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #004600;">null</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #004600;">null</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">}</span>
root[right][left] = newnode(1.21)
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">function</span>
root[right][right] = newnode(1.22)
<span style="color: #008080;">function</span> <span style="color: #000000;">add10</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #004080;">atom</span> <span style="color: #000000;">x</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #008080;">return</span> <span style="color: #000000;">x</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">+</span><span style="color: #000000;">10</span> <span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">function</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">procedure</span> <span style="color: #000000;">main</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">()</span>
-- Now the tree has seven nodes.▼
<span style="color: #004080;">object</span> <span style="color: #000000;">root</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">newnode</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">1.00</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">-- Add some nodes.</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">root</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">left</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">newnode</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">1.10</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">root</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">left</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">][</span><span style="color: #000000;">left</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">newnode</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">1.11</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">root</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">left</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">][</span><span style="color: #000000;">right</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">newnode</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">1.12</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">root</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">right</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">newnode</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">1.20</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">root</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">right</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">][</span><span style="color: #000000;">left</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">newnode</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">1.21</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">root</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">right</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">][</span><span style="color: #000000;">right</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">newnode</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">1.22</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
▲ <span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">-- Now the tree has seven nodes.
-- Show the whole tree again.</span>▼
<span style="color: #7060A8;">ppOpt</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">({</span><span style="color: #004600;">pp_Nest</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">2</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">})</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">pp</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">root</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">-- Modify the whole tree.</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">root</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">tmap</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">root</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">add10</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">-- ShowCreate thea whole new tree.</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">object</span> <span style="color: #000000;">root2</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">tmap</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #7060A8;">deep_copy</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">root</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">),</span><span style="color: #000000;">newnode</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
ppOpt({pp_Nest,2})
pp(root)
<span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">-- ModifyShow the whole tree again.</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">pp</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">root</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
root = tmap(root,routine_id("add10"))
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">procedure</span>
 
<span style="color: #000000;">main</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">()</span>
-- Create a whole new tree.
<!--</lang>-->
object root2 = tmap(root,rid)
 
▲ -- Show the whole tree again.
pp(root)
end procedure
▲main()</lang>
{{out}}
<pre>
Petelomax
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