OpenBSD bc
This is the /usr/bin/bc on OpenBSD systems. It has some, but not all, of the features as GNU bc.
These extensions are in OpenBSD bc but not in POSIX:
- Two new options, bc -c and bc -e.
- Long names (more than one letter) for variables and functions.
- # Line comments.
- Relational operators (== <= >= !- < >) in any expression, not only in 'if', 'while' or 'for'.
- Boolean operators (! && ||).
- else branch of an 'if' statement.
- print statement, with escapes like '\n'.
- Special variable last, also known as . (a single dot).
The most unique feature of OpenBSD bc is that it runs on top of dc. (The original AT&T bc also did this, but GNU bc does not.) OpenBSD bc translates the entire program from bc to dc, then calls OpenBSD dc /usr/bin/dc to run the program. (OpenBSD dc has several extensions to allow this to work.)
The bc -c option just skips the second step, so we can see how OpenBSD translates a program from bc to dc. Here follows an example with the Fibonacci sequence.
- Program using bc <lang bc>$ cat prog.bc
- compute fib[0] thru fib[19]
fib[0] = 0 fib[1] = 1 for (i = 2; i < 20; i++) { fib[i] = fib[i - 1] + fib[i - 2] }
- print fib[a] thru fib[b]
define fib(a, b) { auto i print "fib ", a, "..", b, " = " for (i = a; i <= b; i++) { print fib[i] if (i < b) print ", " else print "\n" } }
- assignments to prevent printing of trash
trash = fib(0, 4) trash = fib(15, 19) quit</lang>
- Translation to dc <lang dc>$ bc -c prog.bc | vis
0 0:\M^?\^A\^A 1 1:\M^?\^A\^A
[li 1-;\M^?\^A\^Ali 2-;\M^?\^A\^A+li:\M^?\^A\^Alid1+sis.li 20>0]s0
2dsis.li 20>0
[[, ]n]s1
[[
]n]s2
[li;\M^?\^A\^Ads.nlilb>1e2 lid1+sis.lilb!<0]s0
[0SiSbSa[fib ]nlads.n[..]nlbds.n[ = ]nladsis.lilb!<0 Las.Lbs.Lis.0 1Q]s\M^?\^A\^B
0 4l\M^?\^A\^Bxs\M^?\^A\^C 15 19l\M^?\^A\^Bxs\M^?\^A\^C
q</lang>
- Output <lang>$ bc -c prog.bc | dc -x # or simply $ bc prog.bc
fib 0..4 = 0, 1, 1, 2, 3 fib 15..19 = 610, 987, 1597, 2584, 4181</lang>