Make a backup file
Before writing to a file it is often advisable to make a backup of the original. Creating such a backup file is however also not without pitfalls.
In this task you should create a backup file from an existing file and then write new text to the old file. The following issues should be handled:
- avoid making a copy of the file but instead rename the original and then write a new file with the original filename
- if a copy needs to be made, please explain why rename is not possible.
- keep in mind symlinks, and do not rename or copy the link but the target.
(if there is a link foo -> bar/baz
, then bar/baz
should be renamed to bar/baz.backup
and then the new text should be written to bar/baz
)
- it is assumed that you have permission to write in the target location, thus permission errors need not be handled.
- you may choose the backup filename per preference or given limitations.(it should somehow include the original filename however)
- please try to avoid executing external commands, and especially avoid calling a shell script.
Common Lisp
<lang lisp>(defun save-with-backup (filename data)
(let ((file (probe-file filename))) (rename-file file (concatenate 'string (file-namestring file) ",1")) (with-open-file (out file :direction :output :if-exists :supersede) (with-standard-io-syntax (print data out)))))</lang>
Java
<lang java5>import java.io.PrintWriter; import java.nio.file.*;
public class Backup { public static void saveWithBackup(String filename, String... data){ //toRealPath() follows symlinks to their ends Path file = Paths.get(filename).toRealPath(); Path back = Paths.get(filename + ".backup").toRealPath(); Files.move(file, back, StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING); try(PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(file.toFile())){ for(String datum : data){ out.println(datum); } } } }</lang>
<lang java5>import java.io.File; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.PrintWriter;
public class Backup{ public static void saveWithBackup(String filename, String... data) throws IOException{ File orig = new File(filename); //getCanonicalPath() follows symlinks to their ends File backup = new File(orig.getCanonicalPath() + ".backup");
orig.renameTo(backup); PrintWriter output = new PrintWriter(orig); for(String datum : data){ output.println(datum); } output.close(); } }</lang>
Ruby
This version does not overwrite the backup file if it exists. <lang ruby>def backup_and_open(filename)
filename = File.readlink(filename) if File.symlink?(filename) bkup = filename + ".backup" backup_files = Dir.glob(bkup + "*").sort_by do |f| f.match(/\d+$/) $&.nil? ? 0 : $&.to_i end backup_files.reverse.each do |fname| if m = fname.match(/\.backup\.(\d+)$/) File.rename(fname, "%s.%d" % [bkup, m[1].to_i + 1]) elsif fname == bkup File.rename(bkup, bkup + ".1") end end File.rename(filename, bkup) File.open(filename, "w") {|handle| yield handle}
end
1.upto(12).each {|i| backup(ARGV[0]) {|fh| fh.puts "backup #{i}"}}</lang>
Example:
$ echo "original" > original $ ln -s original linkfile $ ruby backup.rb linkfile $ ls -l linkfile* original* lrwxrwxrwx 1 glennj mkgroup-l-d 8 Nov 11 11:22 linkfile -> original -rw-rw-rw-+ 1 glennj mkgroup-l-d 10 Nov 11 11:41 original -rw-rw-rw-+ 1 glennj mkgroup-l-d 10 Nov 11 11:41 original.backup -rw-rw-rw-+ 1 glennj mkgroup-l-d 10 Nov 11 11:41 original.backup.1 -rw-rw-rw-+ 1 glennj mkgroup-l-d 9 Nov 11 11:41 original.backup.10 -rw-rw-rw-+ 1 glennj mkgroup-l-d 9 Nov 11 11:37 original.backup.11 -rw-rw-rw-+ 1 glennj mkgroup-l-d 9 Nov 11 11:41 original.backup.2 -rw-rw-rw-+ 1 glennj mkgroup-l-d 9 Nov 11 11:41 original.backup.3 -rw-rw-rw-+ 1 glennj mkgroup-l-d 9 Nov 11 11:41 original.backup.4 -rw-rw-rw-+ 1 glennj mkgroup-l-d 9 Nov 11 11:41 original.backup.5 -rw-rw-rw-+ 1 glennj mkgroup-l-d 9 Nov 11 11:41 original.backup.6 -rw-rw-rw-+ 1 glennj mkgroup-l-d 9 Nov 11 11:41 original.backup.7 -rw-rw-rw-+ 1 glennj mkgroup-l-d 9 Nov 11 11:41 original.backup.8 -rw-rw-rw-+ 1 glennj mkgroup-l-d 9 Nov 11 11:41 original.backup.9 $ cat original original.backup original.backup.1 original.backup.2 original.backup.3 original.backup.4 original.backup.5 original.backup.6 original.backup.7 original.backup.8 original.backup.9 original.backup.10 original.backup.11 backup 12 backup 11 backup 10 backup 9 backup 8 backup 7 backup 6 backup 5 backup 4 backup 3 backup 2 backup 1 original
Tcl
<lang tcl>package require Tcl 8.5
proc backupopen {filename mode} {
set filename [file normalize $filename] if {[file exists $filename]} {
set backups [glob -nocomplain -path $filename ,*] set backups [lsort -dictionary \ [lsearch -all -inline -regexp $backups {,\d+$}]] if {![llength $backups]} { set n 0 } else { set n [regexp -inline {\d+$} [lindex $backups end]] } while 1 { set backup $filename,[incr n] if {![catch {file copy $filename $backup}]} { break } }
} return [open $filename $mode]
}</lang>