Elementary cellular automaton/Random number generator: Difference between revisions
Elementary cellular automaton/Random number generator (view source)
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{{task}}
[[wp:Rule 30|Rule 30]] is considered to be chaotic enough to generate good pseudo-random numbers. As a matter of fact, for a long time rule 30
Steven Wolfram's recommendation for random number generation from rule 30 consists in extracting successive bits in a fixed position in the array of cells, as the automaton changes state.
Line 12:
;Reference:
* [http://www.cs.indiana.edu/~dgerman/2005midwestNKSconference/dgelbm.pdf Cellular automata: Is Rule 30 random]? (PDF).
=={{header|11l}}==
{{trans|Nim}}
<
F pow2(x)
Line 35 ⟶ 36:
print()
evolve(1, 30)</
{{out}}
Line 44 ⟶ 45:
=={{header|C}}==
64-bits array size, cyclic borders.
<
#include <limits.h>
Line 74 ⟶ 75:
evolve(1, 30);
return 0;
}</
{{out}}
<pre> 220 197 147 174 117 97 149 171 100 151</pre>
Line 80 ⟶ 81:
=={{header|C++}}==
We'll re-write the code of the parent task here.
<
#include <stdio.h>
Line 117 ⟶ 118:
printf("%u%c", byte(state), i ? ' ' : '\n');
return 0;
}</
{{out}}
<pre>220 197 147 174 117 97 149 171 240 241</pre>
Line 124 ⟶ 125:
{{trans|C}}
Adapted from the C version, with improvements and bug fixes. Optimized for performance as requested in the task description. This is a lazy range.
<
struct CellularRNG {
Line 175 ⟶ 176:
CellularRNG(1, 30).take(10).writeln;
CellularRNG(1, 30).drop(2_000_000).front.writeln;
}</
{{out}}
<pre>[220, 197, 147, 174, 117, 97, 149, 171, 100, 151]
44</pre>
Run-time: less than two seconds with the ldc2 compiler.
=={{header|FreeBASIC}}==
{{trans|Go}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="vbnet">Const n As Uinteger = 64
#define pow2(x) Culng(1) Shl x
Sub Evolve(state As Integer, rule As Integer)
Dim As Integer i, p, q
Dim As Ulongint b, st, t1, t2, t3
For p = 0 To 9
b = 0
For q = 7 To 0 Step -1
st = state
b Or= (st And 1) Shl q
state = 0
For i = 0 To n - 1
t1 = Iif(i > 0, st Shr (i - 1), st Shr 63)
Select Case i
Case 0: t2 = st Shl 1
Case 1: t2 = st Shl 63
Case Else: t2 = st Shl (n + 1 - i)
End Select
t3 = 7 And (t1 Or t2)
If (rule And pow2(t3)) <> 0 Then state Or= pow2(i)
Next i
Next q
Print Using "####"; b;
Next p
Print
End Sub
Evolve(1, 30)
Sleep</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre> 220 197 147 174 117 97 149 171 100 151</pre>
=={{header|F_Sharp|F#}}==
This task uses [[Elementary cellular automaton#The_Function]]
<
// Generate random numbers using Rule 30. Nigel Galloway: August 1st., 2019
eca 30 [|yield 1; yield! Array.zeroCreate 99|]|>Seq.chunkBySize 8|>Seq.map(fun n->n|>Array.mapi(fun n g->g.[0]<<<(7-n))|>Array.sum)|>Seq.take 10|>Seq.iter(printf "%d "); printfn ""
</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>
Line 194 ⟶ 233:
=={{header|Go}}==
{{trans|C}}
<
import "fmt"
Line 239 ⟶ 278:
func main() {
evolve(1, 30)
}</
{{out}}
Line 250 ⟶ 289:
Assume the comonadic solution given at [[Elementary cellular automaton#Haskell]] is packed in a module <code>CellularAutomata</code>
<
import Control.Comonad
import Data.List (unfoldr)
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(fromList (1 : replicate size 0))
fromBits = foldl ((+) . (2 *)) 0</
{{Out}}
Line 271 ⟶ 310:
Using the rule 30 CA it is possible to determine the <code>RandomGen</code> instance which could be utilized by the <code>Random</code> class:
<
instance RandomGen (Cycle Int) where
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let x = c =>> step (rule 30)
in (fromBits (view x), x)
split = (,) <*> (fromList . reverse . view)</
<pre>λ> let r30 = fromList [1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1] :: Cycle Int
Line 299 ⟶ 338:
=={{header|J}}==
ca is a cellular automata class. The rng class inherits ca and extends it with bit and byte verbs to sample the ca.
<syntaxhighlight lang="j">
coclass'ca'
DOC =: 'locale creation: (RULE ; INITIAL_STATE) conew ''ca'''
Line 311 ⟶ 350:
byte =: [: #. [: , [: bit"0 (i.8)"_
coclass'base'
</syntaxhighlight>
Having installed these into a j session we create and use the mathematica prng.
<pre>
Line 317 ⟶ 356:
byte__m"0 i.10
220 197 147 174 117 97 149 171 100 151
</pre>
=={{header|Java}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="java">
public class ElementaryCellularAutomatonRandomNumberGenerator {
public static void main(String[] aArgs) {
final int seed = 989898989;
evolve(seed, 30);
}
private static void evolve(int aState, int aRule) {
long state = aState;
for ( int i = 0; i <= 9; i++ ) {
int b = 0;
for ( int q = 7; q >= 0; q-- ) {
long stateCopy = state;
b |= ( stateCopy & 1 ) << q;
state = 0;
for ( int j = 0; j < BIT_COUNT; j++ ) {
long t = ( stateCopy >>> ( j - 1 ) ) | ( stateCopy << ( BIT_COUNT + 1 - j ) ) & 7;
if ( ( aRule & ( 1L << t ) ) != 0 ) {
state |= 1 << j;
}
}
}
System.out.print(" " + b);
}
System.out.println();
}
private static final int BIT_COUNT = 64;
}
</syntaxhighlight>
{{ out }}
<pre>
231 223 191 126 253 251 247 239 223 191
</pre>
=={{header|jq}}==
'''Works with jq and gojq, the C and Go implementations of jq'''
The following also works with jaq, the Rust implementation of jq, provided
the "include" directive is replaced with the set of definitions from
the parent task, and that a suitable alternative to 100*"0" is
presented.
<syntaxhighlight lang=jq>
include "elementary-cellular-automaton" {search : "."};
# If using jq, the def of _nwise can be omitted.
def _nwise($n):
def n: if length <= $n then . else .[0:$n] , (.[$n:] | n) end;
n;
# Input: an array of bits represented by 0s, 1s, "0"s, or "1"s
# Output: the corresponding decimal on the assumption that the leading bits are least significant,
# e.g. [0,1] => 2
def binary2number:
reduce (.[]|tonumber) as $x ({p:1}; .n += .p * $x | .p *= 2) | .n;
("1" + 100 * "0" ) | [automaton(30; 80) | .[0:1]] | [_nwise(8) | reverse | binary2number]
</syntaxhighlight>
{{output}}
<pre>
[220,197,147,174,117,97,149,171,240,241]
</pre>
=={{header|Julia}}==
{{trans|C, Go}}
<
B(x) = UInt64(1) << x
for p in 0:9
Line 343 ⟶ 449:
evolve(1, 30)
</
<pre>
220 197 147 174 117 97 149 171 100 151
Line 350 ⟶ 456:
=={{header|Kotlin}}==
{{trans|C}}
<
const val N = 64
Line 376 ⟶ 482:
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
evolve(1, 30)
}</
{{out}}
Line 384 ⟶ 490:
=={{header|Mathematica}} / {{header|Wolfram Language}}==
<
{{out}}
<pre>{220, 197, 147, 174, 117, 97, 149, 171, 240, 241, 92, 18, 199, 27, 104, 8, 251, 167, 29, 112, 100, 103, 159, 129, 253}</pre>
Line 390 ⟶ 496:
=={{header|Nim}}==
{{trans|Kotlin}}
<
template pow2(x: uint): uint = 1u shl x
Line 408 ⟶ 514:
echo ""
evolve(1, 30)</
{{out}}
Line 416 ⟶ 522:
{{Works with|Free Pascal}}
Using ROR and ROL is as fast as assembler and more portable.<BR>[https://tio.run/##7VZdb@pGEH33r5iHSEAvYJsQ0kBTifBxawmwC6a9bVVFjr3AKmZtrZdwaZS/Xjq7iwPckOThvvQhSHx45szMmbPD7qZBFgZxZZaG263HkzkPljBexeTcahmmuRAibZomYdU1vacpiWhQTfjclE/miHwVtxMRCHIrI26PQpaBWKwTHkfVdRLPMGs1TJamzlxdiGVsPJ45/W6vD32v82QAPJ4Nk4hAl8Tpgj49nrUnw6Hb7YEz8nsDDXA93xk6f7Z9xx2BOyq3B@gwTenqILQ9cD6PIOVJeG0/YfreYNLTgW3P8//wetBxRxN30FPOUdfpPxmrjGQImWyyqaBx1jLChGUCLcvg6zhZsSiDa6j9YFuWpT5a6OLajq9rsNFiPAQczbo3LQg0YUqZaNTRO1uxUNCEwWciOt701qdL0oSdV2xSgrF@J11hNk7ChEcGHLx@oegqH5kGiUQ3oYv6Rq29izB80lwQIBAh07aMOzKnDI1BtpQ0u/6kI6OG7m86BXiCw18I9asq9d/lXvvLKwBFBwFdCVAFAdZULHTFKFFsOMlWMda/1l0WMcibliBbxHBeg0@6gZahwg25XiRacQIOo@JQxBZlMWVk38ChE5PbL1OcGMk8iRaGr1gZR4Q8lBlC96uUl0A/SOJHPNDuYYiyu@NfpSRFmcguSZdMpF2Db11HIyExRQV2x7JOCb7gD8kl7@N5UmQbOvZmg62OAkEfiMOE/H816pUbx4cwYIDDi3PKNij4nGaC8OydLnGsNy5T0@loy807fe@X0tqHgxYfwDSnjCcxCjyHgEWgtJYPL9cB7jawQMxRzqL@@Ul/laQwUj1oj7q61HsCv7EseUevSf5B5IPIB5H/LZHj0/S9nXN/AkxSQiJBMpHv@L5d9i3c8ZzRbgukTTjYUPMNcM2pIDErFp4TwCzhkMn6Gf2HQDKDQrlRLxfgjoqsUNL73@8BX8IqlTguQCSwDu6JNOCJh4A@pqBqu9zdH9RHxcaTcs0QbeVH5qm7lCRvyeCDi4Os@uKc3BXSlZ4vLq9U2Z8rLaXOiQK5Fsfw0qGrEG7CmGSQEg7SiQIXykXfrgirZD5TaFrN2mHYy@Xyg@w@XymqbkVkTviJZfEXBASCQSv/tga2XIndNW3Xukr0TUfN@ilyeWk1CL6aJNjxzNMU4KceXkvHP0s2nATRLrqK5zNec1MakwjkQU2F8cY8Nepqlox63XgpJ16Try4MI@/bgFrNAvvqEuw6vi/rYNuXAOr5Cp9tOWJgX9hGzs04JHNe@y4ydu3H6kXju9hst/@GsziYZ9uKe76tTB7@Aw Try it online!] counting CPU-Cycles 32 vs 31 on Ryzen Zen1 per Byte -> 100Mb/s
<
//http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Next_State_Rule_30;
//http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Rule30.html
Line 555 ⟶ 661:
Task;
write(' <ENTER> ');readln;
end.</
{{out}}
<pre>//compiled 64-Bit
Line 577 ⟶ 683:
=={{header|Perl}}==
{{trans|Raku}}
<
sub new {
my $class = shift;
Line 613 ⟶ 719:
}
print $sum, $n == 10 ? "\n" : " ";
}</
{{out}}
<pre>220 197 147 174 117 97 149 171 240 241</pre>
Line 621 ⟶ 727:
and with the changes marked [2] C++, Haskell, Perl, Python, Ruby, Scheme, and Sidef, but completely different to Rust and Tcl.
No attempt to optimise.
<!--<syntaxhighlight lang="phix">(phixonline)-->
<span style="color: #008080;">with</span> <span style="color: #008080;">javascript_semantics</span>
<span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">--string s
<span style="color: #004080;">string</span> <span style="color: #000000;">s</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #008000;">"...............................#"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">&</span>
<span style="color: #008000;">"................................"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span>
<span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">--string s = "#"&repeat('.',100), -- [2]</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">t</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span><span style="color: #000000;">s</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">r</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #008000;">"........"</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">integer</span> <span style="color: #000000;">rule</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">30</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">k</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">l</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">length</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">s</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">),</span> <span style="color: #000000;">w</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">0</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">for</span> <span style="color: #000000;">i</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span> <span style="color: #008080;">to</span> <span style="color: #000000;">8</span> <span style="color: #008080;">do</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">r</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">i</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #008080;">iff</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #7060A8;">mod</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">rule</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">2</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)?</span><span style="color: #008000;">'#'</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">:</span><span style="color: #008000;">'.'</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">rule</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">floor</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">rule</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">/</span><span style="color: #000000;">2</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">for</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">sequence</span> <span style="color: #000000;">res</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">{}</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">for</span> <span style="color: #000000;">i</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span><span style="color: #000000;">0</span> <span style="color: #008080;">to</span> <span style="color: #000000;">80</span> <span style="color: #008080;">do</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">w</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">w</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">*</span><span style="color: #000000;">2</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">+</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">s</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">32</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]=</span><span style="color: #008000;">'#'</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">-- w = w*2 + (s[1]='#') -- [2]</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">if</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">mod</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">i</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">+</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">8</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)=</span><span style="color: #000000;">0</span> <span style="color: #008080;">then</span> <span style="color: #000000;">res</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">&=</span><span style="color: #000000;">w</span> <span style="color: #000000;">w</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span><span style="color: #000000;">0</span> <span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">if</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">for</span> <span style="color: #000000;">j</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span> <span style="color: #008080;">to</span> <span style="color: #000000;">l</span> <span style="color: #008080;">do</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">k</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">s</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #008080;">iff</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">j</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">?</span><span style="color: #000000;">l</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">:</span><span style="color: #000000;">j</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">-</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)]=</span><span style="color: #008000;">'#'</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)*</span><span style="color: #000000;">4</span>
<span style="color: #0000FF;">+</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">s</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span> <span style="color: #000000;">j</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">]=</span><span style="color: #008000;">'#'</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)*</span><span style="color: #000000;">2</span>
<span style="color: #0000FF;">+</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">s</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #008080;">iff</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">j</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span><span style="color: #000000;">l</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">?</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">:</span><span style="color: #000000;">j</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">+</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)]=</span><span style="color: #008000;">'#'</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)+</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">t</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">j</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">r</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">k</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">for</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">s</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">t</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">for</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">pp</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">res</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<!--</syntaxhighlight>-->
{{out}}
<pre>
Line 657 ⟶ 766:
=={{header|Python}}==
===Python: With zero padded ends===
<
def rule30bytes(lencells=100):
Line 666 ⟶ 775:
if __name__ == '__main__':
print([b for i,b in zip(range(10), rule30bytes())])</
{{out}}
Line 673 ⟶ 782:
===Python: With wrapping of end cells===
<
cells = '1' + '0' * (lencells - 1)
gen = eca_wrap(cells, 30)
while True:
yield int(''.join(next(gen)[0] for i in range(8)), 2))</
{{out}}
Line 686 ⟶ 795:
Implementation of [[Elementary cellular automaton]] is saved in "Elementary_cellular_automata.rkt"
<
;; below is the code from the parent task
(require "Elementary_cellular_automata.rkt")
Line 725 ⟶ 834:
(number->string (C30-rand-64 256) 16)
(number->string (C30-rand-64 256) 16)
(number->string (C30-rand-64 256) 16))</
{{out}}
Line 737 ⟶ 846:
=={{header|Raku}}==
(formerly Perl 6)
<syntaxhighlight lang="raku"
has $.rule;
has @.cells handles <AT-POS>;
has @.code = $!rule.fmt('%08b').flip.comb».Int;
Line 757 ⟶ 866:
my Automaton $a .= new: :rule(30), :cells( flat 1, 0 xx 100 );
say :2[$a++
{{out}}
<pre>220 197 147 174 117 97 149 171 240 241</pre>
=={{header|Ruby}}==
<
eca = ElemCellAutomat.new("1"+"0"*(size-1), 30)
eca.take(80).map{|line| line[0]}.each_slice(8){|bin| p bin.join.to_i(2)}</
{{out}}
<pre>
Line 780 ⟶ 889:
=={{header|Rust}}==
<
//Assuming the code from the Elementary cellular automaton task is in the namespace.
fn main() {
Line 802 ⟶ 911:
}
}
</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>
Line 809 ⟶ 918:
=={{header|Scheme}}==
<
; uses SRFI-1 library http://srfi.schemers.org/srfi-1/srfi-1.html
Line 829 ⟶ 938:
(random-r30 10)
</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
Line 838 ⟶ 947:
=={{header|Sidef}}==
<
10.times {
Line 847 ⟶ 956:
};
say sum;
};</
{{out}}
<pre>
Line 864 ⟶ 973:
=={{header|Tcl}}==
{{works with|Tcl|8.6}}
<
superclass ElementaryAutomaton
variable s
Line 880 ⟶ 989:
return [scan [join $bits ""] %b]
}
}</
Demonstrating:
<
for {set r {}} {[llength $r]<10} {} {
lappend r [$rng rand]
}
puts [join $r ,]</
{{out}}
220,197,147,174,241,126,135,130,143,234
Line 895 ⟶ 1,004:
{{libheader|Wren-big}}
As Wren cannot deal accurately with 64-bit unsigned integers and bit-wise operations thereon, we need to use BigInt here.
<
var n = 64
Line 920 ⟶ 1,029:
}
evolve.call(BigInt.one, 30)</
{{out}}
Line 929 ⟶ 1,038:
=={{header|zkl}}==
No attempts at extra credit and not fast.
<
fcn applyRule(rule,cells){
cells=String(cells[-1],cells,cells[0]); // wrap edges
Line 942 ⟶ 1,051:
}
n
}</
Note that "var" in a function is "static" in C, ie function local variables, initialized once.
<
{{out}}
<pre>220,197,147,174,117,97,149,171,100,151,</pre>
|