Conjugate a Latin verb: Difference between revisions
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*[[wp:Latin_conjugation|Wikipedia: Latin conjugation]].
<br><br>
=={{header|11l}}==
{{trans|Python}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="11l">F conjugate(infinitive)
I !(infinitive[(len)-3..] == ‘are’)
print(‘'’infinitive"' non prima coniugatio verbi.\n")
R
V stem = infinitive[0 .< (len)-3]
I stem.empty
print("\'"infinitive"\' non satis diu conjugatus\n")
R
print(‘Praesens indicativi temporis of '’infinitive‘':’)
L(ending) (‘o’, ‘as’, ‘at’, ‘amus’, ‘atis’, ‘ant’)
print(‘ ’stem‘’ending)
print()
L(infinitive) (‘amare’, ‘dare’, ‘qwerty’, ‘are’)
conjugate(infinitive)</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>
Praesens indicativi temporis of 'amare':
amo
amas
amat
amamus
amatis
amant
Praesens indicativi temporis of 'dare':
do
das
dat
damus
datis
dant
'qwerty' non prima coniugatio verbi.
'are' non satis diu conjugatus
</pre>
=={{header|ALGOL 68}}==
<
PROC s length = ( STRING s )INT: ( UPB s + 1 ) - LWB s; # calculates the length of s #
# prints the cojugations of lv or an error message if we don't know how to conjugate lv #
Line 75 ⟶ 120:
print conjugations( "are" )
END
</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>
Line 113 ⟶ 158:
=={{header|Arturo}}==
{{trans|Nim}}
<
{are}: ["o" "as" "at" "amus" "atis" "ant"]
{ēre}: ["eo" "es" "et" "emus" "etis" "ent"]
Line 135 ⟶ 180:
]
print ""
]</
{{out}}
Line 178 ⟶ 223:
auditis
audiunt</pre>
=={{header|AWK}}==
{{works with|gawk|5.1.0 }}
<syntaxhighlight lang="AWK">
#!/usr/bin/env -S gawk -f
BEGIN {
ENDINGS["āre"]=1
ENDINGS["are"]=1
ENDINGS["ēre"]=2
ENDINGS["ere"]=3
ENDINGS["īre"]=4
ENDINGS["ire"]=4
first_person_singular=1
RULE[first_person_singular][1]="ō"
RULE[first_person_singular][2]="eō"
RULE[first_person_singular][3]="ō"
RULE[first_person_singular][4]="iō"
second_person_singular=2
RULE[second_person_singular][1]="ās"
RULE[second_person_singular][2]="ēs"
RULE[second_person_singular][3]="is"
RULE[second_person_singular][4]="īs"
third_person_singular=3
RULE[third_person_singular][1]="at"
RULE[third_person_singular][2]="et"
RULE[third_person_singular][3]="it"
RULE[third_person_singular][4]="it"
first_person_plural=4
RULE[first_person_plural][1]="āmus"
RULE[first_person_plural][2]="ēmus"
RULE[first_person_plural][3]="imus"
RULE[first_person_plural][4]="īmus"
second_person_plural=5
RULE[second_person_plural][1]="ātis"
RULE[second_person_plural][2]="ētis"
RULE[second_person_plural][3]="itis"
RULE[second_person_plural][4]="ītis"
third_person_plural=6
RULE[third_person_plural][1]="ant"
RULE[third_person_plural][2]="ent"
RULE[third_person_plural][3]="unt"
RULE[third_person_plural][4]="iunt"
print \
"infinitive│ ╭─person─╮ ╭─person─╮ \n"\
" │╭─────────── singular ──────────╮╭────────── plural ────────────╮\n"\
" ││ 1st 2nd 3rd ││ 1st 2nd 3rd │"
}
NF==0 || $1=="#" || index($1,"#")==1 {next}
1 {
printf "%-12s", $1
stem=substr($1,1,length($1)-3)
if (stem=="") { printf "%s\n", "* Can not conjugate"; next }
endn=substr($1,length($1)-2)
if (endn in ENDINGS) {
kind=ENDINGS[endn]
printf "%-11s", stem RULE[first_person_singular][kind]
printf "%-11s", stem RULE[second_person_singular][kind]
printf "%-11s", stem RULE[third_person_singular][kind]
printf "%-11s", stem RULE[first_person_plural][kind]
printf "%-11s", stem RULE[second_person_plural][kind]
printf "%-11s", stem RULE[third_person_plural][kind]
}
else {
printf "%s", "* Can not conjugate"
}
printf "\n"
next
}
</syntaxhighlight>
Run, assuming the code is in the <tt>clv.awk</tt>
<syntaxhighlight lang="shell">
#!/bin/sh
printf '
# "āre" Verbs (1st Conjugation):
amare (to love)
laudare (to praise)
vocare (to call)
# "ēre" Verbs (2nd Conjugation):
vidēre (to see)
docēre (to teach)
legere (to read)
# "ere" Verbs (3rd Conjugation):
ducere (to lead)
capere (to take)
facere (to do/make)
# "īre" Verbs (4th Conjugation):
audire (to hear)
venire (to come)
ire (to go)
# incorrect verbs
qwerty
' '' | LANG=en_US.UTF-8 gawk -f ./clv.awk
</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>
infinitive│ ╭─person─╮ ╭─person─╮
│╭─────────── singular ──────────╮╭────────── plural ────────────╮
││ 1st 2nd 3rd ││ 1st 2nd 3rd │
amare amō amās amat amāmus amātis amant
laudare laudō laudās laudat laudāmus laudātis laudant
vocare vocō vocās vocat vocāmus vocātis vocant
vidēre videō vidēs videt vidēmus vidētis vident
docēre doceō docēs docet docēmus docētis docent
legere legō legis legit legimus legitis legunt
ducere ducō ducis ducit ducimus ducitis ducunt
capere capō capis capit capimus capitis capunt
facere facō facis facit facimus facitis facunt
audire audiō audīs audit audīmus audītis audiunt
venire veniō venīs venit venīmus venītis veniunt
ire * Can not conjugate
qwerty * Can not conjugate
</pre>
=={{header|BQN}}==
{{trans|Nim}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="bqn">end←⟨"are","ēre","ere","ire"⟩
eCnj←⟨
⟨"o","as","at","amus","atis","ant"⟩
⟨"eo","es","et","emus","etis","ent"⟩
⟨"o","is","it","imus","itis","unt"⟩
⟨"io","is","it","imus","itis","iunt"⟩
⟩
Conj←{(¯3↓𝕩)⊸∾¨eCnj⊑˜⊑end⊐<¯3↑𝕩}
•Show >⋈⟜Conj¨⟨"amare","vidēre","ducere","audire"⟩</syntaxhighlight>
<syntaxhighlight>┌─
╵ "amare" ⟨ "amo" "amas" "amat" "amamus" "amatis" "amant" ⟩
"vidēre" ⟨ "video" "vides" "videt" "videmus" "videtis" "vident" ⟩
"ducere" ⟨ "duco" "ducis" "ducit" "ducimus" "ducitis" "ducunt" ⟩
"audire" ⟨ "audio" "audis" "audit" "audimus" "auditis" "audiunt" ⟩
┘</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|EasyLang}}==
<syntaxhighlight>
proc conj inf$ . .
if substr inf$ -3 3 <> "are"
print "Not a first conjugation verb."
return
.
stem$ = substr inf$ 1 (len inf$ - 3)
if stem$ = ""
print "Stem cannot be empty."
return
.
print "Present indicative tense of " & inf$ & ":"
for en$ in [ "o" "as" "at" "amus" "atis" "ant" ]
print stem$ & en$
.
.
for s$ in [ "amare" "dare" ]
conj s$
print ""
.
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|EMal}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="emal">
List patterns = List[
text["ō", "ās", "ăt", "āmus", "ātis", "ant"],
text["ěō", "ēs", "ĕt", "ēmus", "ētis", "ent"],
text["ō", "ĭs", "ĭt", "ĭmus", "ĭtis", "unt"],
text["ĭō", "īs", "it", "īmus", "ītis", "ĭunt"]]
fun getVerbInfo = Pair by text verb
if verb.endsWith("āre") do return int%text(0 => verb.replace("āre", ""))
else if verb.endsWith("ēre") do return int%text(1 => verb.replace("ēre", ""))
else if verb.endsWith("ĕre") do return int%text(2 => verb.replace("ĕre", ""))
else if verb.endsWith("īre") do return int%text(3 => verb.replace("īre", ""))
else do error(1, "unknown coniugation")
end
end
fun coniugatePresentActive = void by Pair verbInfo
for each text pattern in patterns[verbInfo.key]
writeLine(verbInfo.value + pattern)
end
end
List verbs = text["laudāre", "monēre", "legĕre", "audīre"]
for each text verb in verbs
writeLine("Praesens indicativi temporis of '" + verb + "':")
coniugatePresentActive(getVerbInfo(verb))
end
</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>
Praesens indicativi temporis of 'laudāre':
laudō
laudās
laudăt
laudāmus
laudātis
laudant
Praesens indicativi temporis of 'monēre':
moněō
monēs
monĕt
monēmus
monētis
monent
Praesens indicativi temporis of 'legĕre':
legō
legĭs
legĭt
legĭmus
legĭtis
legunt
Praesens indicativi temporis of 'audīre':
audĭō
audīs
audit
audīmus
audītis
audĭunt
</pre>
=={{header|F_Sharp|F#}}==
<
// Conjugate a Latin Verb. Nigel Galloway: September 17th., 2021
let myLatin (n:string)=printfn "Rogatus sum iungere verbum %s" n
Line 188 ⟶ 460:
myLatin "amare"
myLatin "creo"
</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>
Line 204 ⟶ 476:
=={{header|Factor}}==
{{works with|Factor|0.99 2021-06-02}}
<
CONSTANT: pronouns {
Line 246 ⟶ 518:
"amāre" "love" conjugate. nl
"dāre" "give" conjugate.</
{{out}}
<pre>
Line 268 ⟶ 540:
=={{header|FreeBASIC}}==
{{trans|Wren}}
<
Dim As String ending(1 To 6) => {"o", "as", "at", "amus", "atis", "ant"}
Line 288 ⟶ 560:
conjugate("qwerty")
conjugate("are")
Sleep</
{{out}}
<pre>Praesens indicativi temporis of 'amare':
Line 313 ⟶ 585:
{{trans|Wren}}
The 'extended' version.
<
import (
Line 363 ⟶ 635:
conjugate(pair[0], pair[1])
}
}</
{{out}}
Line 406 ⟶ 678:
====Part 1====
<
if endswith("are") | not
then "\(.) is not a first conjugation verb." | error
Line 419 ⟶ 691:
("amare", "dare")
| conjugate</
{{out}}
As for [[#Wren]].
====Part 2====
<syntaxhighlight lang="text">def rpad($len): tostring | ($len - length) as $l | . + (" " * $l)[:$l];
def endings: [
Line 456 ⟶ 728:
pairs[]
| conjugate(.[0]; .[1])</
{{out}}
As for [[#Wren]].
=={{header|Julia}}==
<
conjugate(w, gregex = r"[aā]re$") = (r = replace(w, gregex => ""); [r * s for s in conjugators])
Line 474 ⟶ 746:
testregularconjugation(["amāre", "dare"])
</
<pre>
Present active indicative conjugation of amāre:
Line 493 ⟶ 765:
</pre>
=={{header|Koka}}==
{{trans|Ruby}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="koka">
effect yield<a>
ctl yield(a: a): ()
fun conjugate(infinitive: string)
if infinitive.count < 4 then
yield("Can not conjugate \"" ++ infinitive ++ "\" not long enough for a regular verb")
return ()
val ending = infinitive.last(3)
val conjugations = match ending.string
"are" -> ["o", "as", "at", "amus", "atis", "ant"]
"ēre" -> ["eo", "es", "et", "emus", "etis", "ent"]
"ere" -> ["o", "is", "it", "imus", "itis", "unt"]
"ire" -> ["io", "is", "it", "imus", "itis", "iunt"]
_ ->
yield("Can not conjugate \"" ++ infinitive ++ "\" not a regular verb ending")
[]
val root = ending.before.string
conjugations.foreach fn(c)
yield(root ++ c)
fun main()
with handler
fun yield(a: string)
println(a)
["amare", "vidēre", "ducere", "audire", "qwerty", "are"].foreach fn(word)
(word ++ ":").println
word.conjugate
</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>
amare:
amo
amas
amat
amamus
amatis
amant
vidēre:
video
vides
videt
videmus
videtis
vident
ducere:
duco
ducis
ducit
ducimus
ducitis
ducunt
audire:
audio
audis
audit
audimus
auditis
audiunt
qwerty:
Can not conjugate "qwerty" not a regular verb ending
are:
Can not conjugate "are" not long enough for a regular verb
</pre>
=={{header|Nim}}==
{{trans|Go}}
{{Works with|Nim|1.6.0}}
<
const
Line 524 ⟶ 863:
for (infinitive, english) in {"amare": "love", "vidēre": "see", "ducere": "lead", "audire": "hear"}:
conjugate(infinitive, english)</
{{out}}
Line 561 ⟶ 900:
=={{header|Perl}}==
{{trans|Raku}}
<
use warnings;
use feature 'say';
Line 576 ⟶ 915:
my($verb) = $infinitive =~ /^ (\w+) [aā] re $/x;
say $verb ? conjugate $verb : "Sorry, don't know how to conjugate $infinitive"
</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>Present active indicative conjugation of infinitive amāre.
Line 596 ⟶ 935:
=={{header|Phix}}==
TL; DR: Did just one term of Latin, right before posting this realised 'dāre' should probably be 'dare', left as an exercise...
<!--<
<span style="color: #008080;">with</span> <span style="color: #008080;">javascript_semantics</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">constant</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">{</span><span style="color: #000000;">ending</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">endings</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">}</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">columnize</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">({{</span><span style="color: #008000;">"āre"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #7060A8;">split</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #008000;">"ō ās at āmus ātis ant"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)},</span>
Line 623 ⟶ 962:
<span style="color: #7060A8;">printf</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">0</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #008000;">""</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,{</span><span style="color: #008000;">"unicode_align"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #004600;">true</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">})</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">papply</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">({{</span><span style="color: #008000;">"amāre"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #008000;">"love"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">},{</span><span style="color: #008000;">"dāre"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #008000;">"give"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">},{</span><span style="color: #008000;">"vidēre"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #008000;">"see"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">},{</span><span style="color: #008000;">"dūcere"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #008000;">"lead"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">},{</span><span style="color: #008000;">"audīre"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #008000;">"hear"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">}},</span><span style="color: #000000;">conjugate</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<!--</
{{out}}
<pre>
Line 665 ⟶ 1,004:
audītis you all hear
audiunt they hear
</pre>
=={{header|Phixmonti}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="Phixmonti">/# Rosetta Code problem: http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Conjugate_a_Latin_verb
by Galileo, 10/2022 #/
include ..\Utilitys.pmt
( ( "are" "ere" "ire" )
( ( "o" "as" "at" "amus" "atis" "ant" )
( "o" "is" "it" "imus" "itis" "unt" )
( "io" "is" "it" "imus" "itis" "iunt" ) ) )
( "amare" "ducere" "audire" ) len for
get dup print ":" ?
len 2 - snip swap >ps rot swap
getd
len for
get tps swap chain ?
endfor
cps drop swap nl
endfor
</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}<pre>
amare:
amo
amas
amat
amamus
amatis
amant
ducere:
duco
ducis
ducit
ducimus
ducitis
ducunt
audire:
audio
audis
audit
audimus
auditis
audiunt
=== Press any key to exit ===
</pre>
=={{header|Python}}==
{{trans|Wren}}
<
Line 690 ⟶ 1,079:
if __name__ == '__main__':
for infinitive in ("amare", "dare", "qwerty", "are"):
conjugate(infinitive)</
=={{header|Raku}}==
{{trans|Julia}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="raku"
say "\nPresent active indicative conjugation of infinitive $infinitive.";
my $verb = ($infinitive ~~ /^ (\w+) ['a'|'ā'] 're' $/)[0];
Line 702 ⟶ 1,090:
}
sub conjugate ($verb) { ($verb X~ <ō ās at āmus ātis ant>).join: "\n" }</
{{out}}
<pre>Present active indicative conjugation of infinitive amāre.
Line 722 ⟶ 1,110:
=={{header|REXX}}==
Checks were also made to ensure the Latin verb has only Latin letters (upper and/or lower case).
<
parse arg verbs
if verbs='' | verbs="," then verbs= 'amare dare'
Line 744 ⟶ 1,132:
exit 0 /*stick a fork in it, we're all done. */
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
ser: say; say '***error*** ' arg(1); say; exit 13</
{{out|output|text= when using the default inputs:}}
<pre>
Line 763 ⟶ 1,151:
datis
dant
</pre>
=={{header|RPL}}==
≪ DUP SIZE
DUP2 "aEei" ROT ROT 2 - DUP SUB POS
→ verb length group
≪ '''IF''' group length 3 > AND verb length 1 - length SUB "re" == AND '''THEN'''
{ }
1 6 '''FOR''' t
verb 1 length 3 - SUB
'''IF''' t 1 == '''THEN'''
{ "" "e" "" "i" } group GET + "o" +
'''ELSE'''
{ "a" "e" "i" "i" } group GET +
'''IF''' t 6 == '''THEN'''
'''IF''' group 3 == '''THEN''' 1 OVER SIZE 1 - SUB '''END'''
'''IF''' group 2 > '''THEN''' "u" + '''END'''
'''END'''
{ "" "s" "t" "mus" "tis" "nt" } t GET +
'''END'''
+
'''NEXT'''
'''ELSE''' "Can't conjugate " verb + '''END'''
≫ ≫ '<span style="color:blue">CONJV</span>' STO
≪ { "amare" "vidEre" "tegere" "venire" "abcdef" } → cases
≪ {} 1 cases SIZE '''FOR''' j cases j GET <span style="color:blue">CONJV</span> '''NEXT''' ≫ ≫ EVAL
{{out}}
<pre>
5: { "amo" "amas" "amat" "amamus" "amatis" "amant" }
4: { "video" "vides" "videt" "videmus" "videtis" "vident" }
3: { "tego" "tegis" "tegit" "tegimus" "tegitis" "tegunt" }
2: { "audio" "audis" "audit" "audimus" "auditis" "audiunt" }
1: "Can't conjugate abcdef"
</pre>
=={{header|Ruby}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="ruby">def conjugate(infinitive)
return ["Can not conjugate #{infinitive}"] if infinitive.size < 4
conjugations = case infinitive[-3..-1]
when "are" then ["o", "as", "at", "amus", "atis", "ant"]
when "ēre" then ["eo", "es", "et", "emus", "etis", "ent"]
when "ere" then ["o", "is", "it", "imus", "itis", "unt"]
when "ire" then ["io", "is", "it", "imus", "itis", "iunt"]
else return ["Can not conjugate #{infinitive}"]
end
conjugations.map{|c| infinitive[0..-4] + c}
end
["amare", "vidēre", "ducere", "audire","qwerty", "are"].each do |inf|
puts "\n" + inf + ":"
puts conjugate inf
end
</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>
amare:
amo
amas
amat
amamus
amatis
amant
vidēre:
video
vides
videt
videmus
videtis
vident
ducere:
duco
ducis
ducit
ducimus
ducitis
ducunt
audire:
audio
audis
audit
audimus
auditis
audiunt
qwerty:
Can not conjugate qwerty
are:
Can not conjugate are
</pre>
=={{header|V (Vlang)}}==
{{trans|Go}}
The 'extended' version.
<syntaxhighlight lang="v (vlang)">
import log
const
(
endings = [
["o", "as", "at", "amus", "atis", "ant"],
["eo", "es", "et", "emus", "etis", "ent"],
["o", "is", "it", "imus", "itis", "unt"],
["io", "is", "it", "imus", "itis", "iunt"]
]
infin_endings = ["are", "ēre", "ere", "ire"]
pronouns = ["I", "you (singular)", "he, she or it", "we", "you (plural)", "they"]
english_endings = ["", "", "s", "", "", ""]
)
fn main() {
pairs := [["amare", "love"], ["vidēre", "see"], ["ducere", "lead"], ["audire", "hear"]] // add to check errors
for _, pair in pairs {
conjugate(pair[0], pair[1])
}
}
fn conjugate(infinitive string, english string) {
letters := infinitive.runes()
le := letters.len
mut lg := log.Log{}
mut infin_ending, mut stem := '', ''
mut conj := 0
lg.set_level(.error)
lg.set_full_logpath('./info.log')
if le < 4 {
lg.error("Infinitive (${letters.string()}) is too short for a regular verb.")
exit(1)
}
infin_ending = letters[le - 3..].string()
conj = -1
for i, s in infin_endings {
if s == infin_ending {
conj = i
break
}
}
if conj == -1 {
lg.error("Infinitive ending -${infin_ending} not recognized.")
exit(1)
}
stem = letters[..le - 3].string()
print("Present indicative tense, active voice, of ${infinitive} to '${english}':\n")
for i, ending in endings[conj] {
print(" ${stem}${ending} ${pronouns[i]} ${english}${english_endings[i]}\n")
}
println('')
}
</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>
Present indicative tense, active voice, of amare to 'love':
amo I love
amas you (singular) love
amat he, she or it loves
amamus we love
amatis you (plural) love
amant they love
Present indicative tense, active voice, of vidēre to 'see':
video I see
vides you (singular) see
videt he, she or it sees
videmus we see
videtis you (plural) see
vident they see
Present indicative tense, active voice, of ducere to 'lead':
duco I lead
ducis you (singular) lead
ducit he, she or it leads
ducimus we lead
ducitis you (plural) lead
ducunt they lead
Present indicative tense, active voice, of audire to 'hear':
audio I hear
audis you (singular) hear
audit he, she or it hears
audimus we hear
auditis you (plural) hear
audiunt they hear
</pre>
=={{header|Wren}}==
<
if (!infinitive.endsWith("are")) Fiber.abort("Not a first conjugation verb.")
var stem = infinitive[0...-3]
Line 777 ⟶ 1,352:
}
for (infinitive in ["amare", "dare"]) conjugate.call(infinitive)</
{{out}}
Line 800 ⟶ 1,375:
{{libheader|Wren-fmt}}
The following extended version can deal with regular verbs of all four conjugations. To distinguish 2nd and 3rd conjugations, a bar is placed above the penultimate 'e' in a second conjugation infinitive but accents are otherwise ignored. English meanings have also been added.
<
var endings = [
Line 832 ⟶ 1,407:
var pairs = [["amare", "love"], ["vidēre", "see"], ["ducere", "lead"], ["audire", "hear"]]
for (pair in pairs) conjugate.call(pair[0], pair[1])</
{{out}}
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