Category:FOCAL: Difference between revisions
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FOCAL, which is allegedly short for "Formulating On-line Calculations in Algebraic Language", is an imperative, interpreted programming language similar to JOSS. It was first introduced in 1968, and FOCAL-69 was widely used on the PDP-8 minicomputer from Digital Equipment Corporation |
FOCAL, which is allegedly short for "Formulating On-line Calculations in Algebraic Language", is an imperative, interpreted programming language similar to JOSS. It was first introduced in 1968, and FOCAL-69 was widely used on the PDP-8 minicomputer from Digital Equipment Corporation. |
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Like JOSS and BASIC, FOCAL was not intended to be used for developing large applications; the manual said it was "designed to help scientists, engineers, and students solve numerical problems." The design goals thus emphasize simplicity and accessibility. |
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FOCAL could also be used satisfactorily on quite small computers: its interpreter runs on a PDP-8 with only 4k words (6k bytes) of storage and still leaves some space for user programs. |
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==Running FOCAL in a PDP emulator== |
==Running FOCAL in a PDP emulator== |
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There is a 256- |
There is a tiny [https://jeelabs.org/2016/09/tfoc---pdp-8-in-256-lines-of-c/ PDP-8 emulator in C] which also includes a FOCAL binary tape image. Note that programs will run much faster on this emulator than on a real PDP-8. |
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To exit the emulator, use Ctrl-Backslash. The emulator will quit and dump the RAM zero page in octal. |
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Compiling and running the emulator on Linux (should also work on macOS): |
Compiling and running the emulator on Linux (should also work on macOS): |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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*[http://bitsavers.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/pdf/dec/pdp8/focal/DEC-08-AJAB-D_FOCAL_Programming_Manual_Jan70.pdf FOCAL-8 Programming manual] (PDF) from Bitsavers |
*[http://bitsavers.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/pdf/dec/pdp8/focal/DEC-08-AJAB-D_FOCAL_Programming_Manual_Jan70.pdf FOCAL-8 Programming manual] (PDF) from Bitsavers |
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*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FOCAL_(programming_language) FOCAL] article in Wikipedia |