Category:FOCAL: Difference between revisions

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FOCAL, (which iseither allegedly shortstands for "Formulating'''Fo'''rmula '''Cal'''culator or '''F'''ormulating On'''O'''n-line Calculations'''C'''alculations in Algebraic'''A'''lgebraic Language"'''L'''anguage), is an imperative, interpreted programming language similar to JOSS. It was first introduced in 1968, and FOCAL-69 was widely used on the PDP-8 minicomputer from Digital Equipment Corporation.
 
Like JOSS and BASIC, FOCAL was not intended to be used for developing large applications; the manual said it was "designed to help scientists, engineers, and students solve numerical problems." The design goals thus emphasize simplicity and accessibility.
 
FOCAL could also be used satisfactorily on quite small computers: its interpreter runs on a PDP-8 with only 4k words (6k bytes) of storage and still leaves some space for user programs. During startup, the FOCAL interpreter asks if the built-in sine, cosine, log, exp, and arctangent functions should be kept in memory. If the user answers NO to one (or both) of these questions, memory occupied by these functions is freed and can be used for FOCAL programs instead.
 
==FOCAL commands==
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==Running FOCAL in a PDP emulator==
 
There is a tiny [https://jeelabs.org/2016/09/tfoc---pdp-8-in-256-lines-of-c/ PDP-8 emulator in C] which also includes a binary dump of the FOCAL-69 binarypunched paper tape image. Note that programs will run much faster on this emulator than on a real PDP-8.
 
To exit the emulator, use Ctrl-Backslash. The emulator will quit and dump the RAM zero page in octal.
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