Bulls and cows: Difference between revisions

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{{task|Games}}
=={{header|Arturo}}==
<lang rebol>rand: first.n: 4 unique map 1..10 => [sample 0..9]
[[Category:Puzzles]]
bulls: 0
[[Category:Games]]


while [bulls <> 4][
[[wp:Bulls and Cows|Bulls and Cows]] &nbsp; is an old game played with pencil and paper that was later implemented using computers.
bulls: new 0
cows: new 0


got: strip input "make a guess: "

if? or? not? numeric? got
;Task:
4 <> size got -> print "Malformed answer. Try again!"
Create a four digit random number from the digits &nbsp; '''1''' &nbsp; to &nbsp; '''9''', &nbsp; without duplication.
else [

loop.with:'i split got 'digit [
The program should:
if? (to :integer digit) = rand \ i -> inc 'bulls
::::::* &nbsp; ask for guesses to this number
else [
::::::* &nbsp; reject guesses that are malformed
if contains? rand to :integer digit -> inc 'cows
::::::* &nbsp; print the score for the guess
]

]

print ["Bulls:" bulls "Cows:" cows "\n"]
The score is computed as:
]
# The player wins if the guess is the same as the randomly chosen number, and the program ends.
# A score of one '''bull''' is accumulated for each digit in the guess that equals the corresponding digit in the randomly chosen initial number.
# A score of one '''cow''' is accumulated for each digit in the guess that also appears in the randomly chosen number, but in the wrong position.


;Related tasks:
* &nbsp; [[Bulls and cows/Player]]
* &nbsp; [[Guess the number]]
* &nbsp; [[Guess the number/With Feedback]]
* &nbsp; [[Mastermind]]
<br><br>

=={{header|8080 Assembly}}==

This is written to run under CP/M and includes an RNG to generate the secret.

<lang 8080asm>bdos equ 5
putchar equ 2
rawio equ 6
puts equ 9
cstat equ 11
reads equ 10

org 100h
mvi c,puts
lxi d,signon ; Print name
call bdos
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;; Initialize the RNG with keyboard input
mvi c,puts
lxi d,entropy ; Ask for randomness
call bdos
mvi b,9 ; 9 times,
randloop: mvi c,3 ; read 3 keys.
lxi h,xabcdat + 1
randkey: push b ; Read a key
push h
randkeywait: mvi c,rawio
mvi e,0FFh
call bdos
ana a
jz randkeywait
pop h
pop b
xra m ; XOR it with the random memory
mov m,a
inx h
dcr c
jnz randkey ; Go get more characters
dcr b
jnz randloop
mvi c,puts
lxi d,done ; Tell the user we're done
call bdos
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;; Generate 4-digit secret code
lxi h,secret
mvi b,4
gencode: push h
push b
call randcode
pop b
pop h
mov m,a
inx h
dcr b
jnz gencode
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;; User makes a guess
readguess: mvi c,puts ; Ask for guess
lxi d,guess
call bdos
mvi c,reads ; Read guess
lxi d,bufdef
call bdos
call newline ; Print newline
mvi b,4 ; Check input
lxi h,buf
validate: mov a,m
cpi '9' + 1 ; >9?
jnc inval ; = invalid
cpi '1' ; <1?
jc inval ; = invalid
sui '0' ; Make ASCII digit into number
mov m,a
inx h
dcr b
jnz validate
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;; Count bulls
mvi c,puts
lxi d,bulls ; Output "Bulls:"
call bdos
lxi d,secret
lxi h,buf
lxi b,4 ; No bulls, counter = 4
bullloop: ldax d ; Get secret digit
cmp m ; Match to buffer digit
cz countmatch
inx h
inx d
dcr c
jnz bullloop
push b ; Keep bulls for cow count,
push b ; and for final check.
call printcount
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;; Count cows
mvi c,puts
lxi d,cows ; Output ", Cows:"
call bdos
pop psw ; Retrieve the bulls (into A reg)
cma ; Negate amount of bulls
inr a
mov b,a ; Use it as start of cow count
mvi d,4 ; For all 4 secret digits..
lxi h,secret
cowouter: mov a,m ; Grab secret digit to test
push h ; Store secret position
mvi e,4 ; For all 4 input digits...
lxi h,buf
cowinner: cmp m ; Compare to current secret digit
cz countmatch
inx h
dcr e ; While there are more digits in buf
jnz cowinner ; Test next digit
pop h ; Restore secret position
inx h ; Look at next secret digit
dcr d ; While there are digits left
jnz cowouter
push b ; Keep cow count
call printcount
call newline
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;; Check win condition
pop psw ; Cow count (in A)
pop b ; Bull count (in B)
ana a ; To win, there must be 0 cows...
jnz readguess
mvi a,4 ; And 4 bulls.
cmp b
jnz readguess
mvi c,puts
lxi d,win
jmp bdos
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;; Increment bull/cow counter
countmatch: inr b
ret
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;; Print a newline
newline: mvi c,puts
lxi d,nl
jmp bdos
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;; Output counter as ASCII
printcount: mvi a,'0'
add b
mvi c,putchar
mov e,a
jmp bdos
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;; User entered invalid input
inval: mvi c,puts
lxi d,invalid
call bdos
jmp readguess
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;; Generate random number 1-9 that isn't in key
randcode: call xabcrand
ani 0fh ; Low nybble
ana a ; 0 = invalid
jz randcode
cpi 10 ; >9 = invalid
jnc randcode
;; Check if it is a duplicate
mvi b,4
lxi h,secret
checkdup: cmp m
jz randcode
inx h
dcr b
jnz checkdup
ret
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;; The "X ABC" 8-bit random number generator
;; (Google that to find where it came from)
xabcrand: lxi h,xabcdat
inr m ; X++
mov a,m ; X,
inx h ;
xra m ; ^ C,
inx h ;
xra m ; ^ A,
mov m,a ; -> A
inx h
add m ; + B,
mov m,a ; -> B
rar ; >>1
dcx h
xra m ; ^ A,
dcx h
add m ; + C
mov m,a ; -> C
ret
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;; Strings
signon: db 'Bulls and Cows',13,10,'$'
entropy: db 'Please mash the keyboard to generate entropy...$'
done: db 'done.',13,10,13,10,'$'
bulls: db 'Bulls: $'
cows: db ', Cows: $'
guess: db 'Guess: $'
invalid: db 'Invalid input.',13,10,'$'
win: db 'You win!',13,10,'$'
nl: db 13,10,'$'
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;; Variables
xabcdat: ds 4 ; RNG state
secret: ds 4 ; Holds the secret code
bufdef: db 4,0 ; User input buffer
buf: ds 4</lang>

=={{header|Ada}}==
<lang Ada>with Ada.Text_IO; use Ada.Text_IO;
with Ada.Numerics.Discrete_Random;

procedure Bulls_And_Cows is
package Random_Natural is new Ada.Numerics.Discrete_Random (Natural);
Number : String (1..4);
begin
declare -- Generation of number
use Random_Natural;
Digit : String := "123456789";
Size : Positive := 9;
Dice : Generator;
Position : Natural;
begin
Reset (Dice);
for I in Number'Range loop
Position := Random (Dice) mod Size + 1;
Number (I) := Digit (Position);
Digit (Position..Size - 1) := Digit (Position + 1..Size);
Size := Size - 1;
end loop;
end;
loop -- Guessing loop
Put ("Enter four digits:");
declare
Guess : String := Get_Line;
Bulls : Natural := 0;
Cows : Natural := 0;
begin
if Guess'Length /= 4 then
raise Data_Error;
end if;
for I in Guess'Range loop
for J in Number'Range loop
if Guess (I) not in '1'..'9' or else (I < J and then Guess (I) = Guess (J)) then
raise Data_Error;
end if;
if Number (I) = Guess (J) then
if I = J then
Bulls := Bulls + 1;
else
Cows := Cows + 1;
end if;
end if;
end loop;
end loop;
exit when Bulls = 4;
Put_Line (Integer'Image (Bulls) & " bulls," & Integer'Image (Cows) & " cows");
exception
when Data_Error => Put_Line ("You should enter four different digits 1..9");
end;
end loop;
end Bulls_And_Cows;</lang>

=={{header|ALGOL 68}}==
{{trans|Python}}

{{works with|ALGOL 68|Revision 1 - no extensions to language used}}

{{works with|ALGOL 68G|Any - tested with release [http://sourceforge.net/projects/algol68/files/algol68g/algol68g-1.18.0/algol68g-1.18.0-9h.tiny.el5.centos.fc11.i386.rpm/download 1.18.0-9h.tiny]}}

{{works with|ELLA ALGOL 68|Any (with appropriate job cards) - tested with release [http://sourceforge.net/projects/algol68/files/algol68toc/algol68toc-1.8.8d/algol68toc-1.8-8d.fc9.i386.rpm/download 1.8-8d]}}
<lang algol68>STRING digits = "123456789";

[4]CHAR chosen;
STRING available := digits;
FOR i TO UPB chosen DO
INT c = ENTIER(random*UPB available)+1;
chosen[i] := available[c];
available := available[:c-1]+available[c+1:]
OD;

COMMENT print((chosen, new line)); # Debug # END COMMENT

OP D = (INT d)STRING: whole(d,0); # for formatting an integer #

print (("I have chosen a number from ",D UPB chosen," unique digits from 1 to 9 arranged in a random order.", new line,
"You need to input a ",D UPB chosen," digit, unique digit number as a guess at what I have chosen", new line));

PRIO WITHIN = 5, NOTWITHIN = 5;
OP WITHIN = (CHAR c, []CHAR s)BOOL: char in string(c,LOC INT,s);
OP NOTWITHIN = (CHAR c, []CHAR s)BOOL: NOT ( c WITHIN s );

INT guesses := 0, bulls, cows;
WHILE
STRING guess;
guesses +:= 1;
WHILE
# get a good guess #
print((new line,"Next guess [",D guesses,"]: "));
read((guess, new line));
IF UPB guess NE UPB chosen THEN
FALSE
ELSE
BOOL ok;
FOR i TO UPB guess WHILE
ok := guess[i] WITHIN digits AND guess[i] NOTWITHIN guess[i+1:]
DO SKIP OD;
NOT ok
FI
DO
print(("Problem, try again. You need to enter ",D UPB chosen," unique digits from 1 to 9", new line))
OD;
# WHILE #
guess NE chosen
DO
bulls := cows := 0;
FOR i TO UPB chosen DO
IF guess[i] = chosen[i] THEN
bulls +:= 1
ELIF guess[i] WITHIN chosen THEN
cows +:= 1
FI
OD;
print((" ",D bulls," Bulls",new line," ",D cows," Cows"))
OD;
print((new line, "Congratulations you guessed correctly in ",D guesses," attempts.",new line))</lang>
Output:
<pre>
I have chosen a number from 4 unique digits from 1 to 9 arranged in a random order.
You need to input a 4 digit, unique digit number as a guess at what I have chosen

Next guess [1]:
</pre>

=={{header|APL}}==
{{works with|Dyalog APL}}

Call the <code>moo</code> function with one dummy argument to play a game of
Bulls and Cows in the APL session.

<lang APL>input ← {⍞←'Guess: ' ⋄ 7↓⍞}
output ← {⎕←(↑'Bulls: ' 'Cows: '),⍕⍪⍵ ⋄ ⍵}
isdigits← ∧/⎕D∊⍨⊢
valid ← isdigits∧4=≢
guess ← ⍎¨input⍣(valid⊣)
bulls ← +/=
cows ← +/∊∧≠
game ← (output ⊣(bulls,cows) guess)⍣(4 0≡⊣)
random ← 4∘⊣?9∘⊣
moo ← 'You win!'⊣(random game⊢)
</lang>


To show off APL, this is written entirely in tacit style (except for the I/O). There is no explicit flow control or recursion,
and there are no variables. The code is split into functions only to aid the reader, none is ever
referred to twice. The following definition of <code>moo</code> is exactly equivalent to the above:

<lang APL>moo←'You win!'⊣((4∘⊣?9∘⊣)(({⎕←(↑'Bulls: ' 'Cows: '),⍕⍪⍵⋄⍵}⊣((+/=),(+/∊∧≠))(⍎¨{⍞←'Guess: '⋄7↓⍞}⍣(((∧/⎕D∊⍨⊢)∧4=≢)⊣)))⍣(4 0≡⊣))⊢)</lang>


=={{header|AppleScript}}==

GUI implementation; the prompt for a guess includes a list of all past guesses and their scores.

<lang applescript>on pickNumber()
set theNumber to ""
repeat 4 times
set theDigit to (random number from 1 to 9) as string
repeat while (offset of theDigit in theNumber) > 0
set theDigit to (random number from 1 to 9) as string
end repeat
set theNumber to theNumber & theDigit
end repeat
end pickNumber

to bulls of theGuess given key:theKey
set bullCount to 0
repeat with theIndex from 1 to 4
if text theIndex of theGuess = text theIndex of theKey then
set bullCount to bullCount + 1
end if
end repeat
return bullCount
end bulls

to cows of theGuess given key:theKey, bulls:bullCount
set cowCount to -bullCount
repeat with theIndex from 1 to 4
if (offset of (text theIndex of theKey) in theGuess) > 0 then
set cowCount to cowCount + 1
end if
end repeat
return cowCount
end cows

to score of theGuess given key:theKey
set bullCount to bulls of theGuess given key:theKey
set cowCount to cows of theGuess given key:theKey, bulls:bullCount
return {bulls:bullCount, cows:cowCount}
end score

on run
set theNumber to pickNumber()
set pastGuesses to {}
repeat
set theMessage to ""
repeat with aGuess in pastGuesses
set {theGuess, theResult} to aGuess
set theMessage to theMessage & theGuess & ":" & bulls of theResult & "B, " & cows of theResult & "C" & linefeed
end repeat
set theMessage to theMessage & linefeed & "Enter guess:"
set theGuess to text returned of (display dialog theMessage with title "Bulls and Cows" default answer "")
set theScore to score of theGuess given key:theNumber
if bulls of theScore is 4 then
display dialog "Correct! Found the secret in " & ((length of pastGuesses) + 1) & " guesses!"
exit repeat
else
set end of pastGuesses to {theGuess, theScore}
end if
end repeat
end run</lang>

=={{header|AutoHotkey}}==
<lang autohotkey>length:=4, Code:="" ; settings

While StrLen(Code) < length {
Random, num, 1, 9
If !InStr(Code, num)
Code .= num
}
Gui, Add, Text, w83 vInfo, I'm thinking of a %length%-digit number with no duplicate digits.
Gui, Add, Edit, wp vGuess, Enter a guess...
Gui, Add, Button, wp Default vDefault, Submit
Gui, Add, Edit, ym w130 r8 vHistory ReadOnly
Gui, Show
Return

ButtonSubmit:
If Default = Restart
Reload
Gui, Submit, NoHide
If (StrLen(Guess) != length)
GuiControl, , Info, Enter a %length%-digit number.
Else If Guess is not digit
GuiControl, , Info, Enter a %length%-digit number.
Else
{
GuiControl, , Info
GuiControl, , Guess
If (Guess = Code)
{
GuiControl, , Info, Correct!
GuiControl, , Default, Restart
Default = Restart
}
response := Response(Guess, Code)
Bulls := SubStr(response, 1, InStr(response,",")-1)
Cows := SubStr(response, InStr(response,",")+1)
GuiControl, , History, % History . Guess ": " Bulls " Bulls " Cows " Cows`n"
}
Return

GuiEscape:
GuiClose:
ExitApp

Response(Guess,Code) {
Bulls := 0, Cows := 0
Loop, % StrLen(Code)
If (SubStr(Guess, A_Index, 1) = SubStr(Code, A_Index, 1))
Bulls++
Else If (InStr(Code, SubStr(Guess, A_Index, 1)))
Cows++
Return Bulls "," Cows
}</lang>

=={{header|AWK}}==
<lang AWK># Usage: GAWK -f BULLS_AND_COWS.AWK
BEGIN {
srand()
secret = ""
for (i = 1; i <= 4; ) {
digit = int(9 * rand()) + 1
if (index(secret, digit) == 0) {
secret = secret digit
i++
}
}
print "Welcome to 'Bulls and Cows'!"
print "I thought of a 4-digit number."
print "Please enter your guess."
}
iswellformed($0) {
if (calcscore($0, secret)) {
exit
}
}
function iswellformed(number, i, digit) {
if (number !~ /[1-9][1-9][1-9][1-9]/) {
print "Your guess should contain 4 digits, each from 1 to 9. Try again!"
return 0
}
for (i = 1; i <= 3; i++) {
digit = substr(number, 1, 1)
number = substr(number, 2)
if (index(number, digit) != 0) {
print "Your guess contains a digit twice. Try again!"
return 0
}
}
return 1
}
function calcscore(guess, secret, bulls, cows, i, idx) {
# Bulls = correct digits at the right position
# Cows = correct digits at the wrong position
for (i = 1; i <= 4; i++) {
idx = index(secret, substr(guess, i, 1))
if (idx == i) {
bulls++
} else if (idx > 0) {
cows++
}
}
printf("Your score for this guess: Bulls = %d, Cows = %d.", bulls, cows)
if (bulls < 4) {
printf(" Try again!\n")
} else {
printf("\nCongratulations, you win!\n")
}
return bulls == 4
}</lang>
{{out}}
<pre>
Welcome to 'Bulls and Cows'!
I thought of a 4-digit number.
Please enter your guess.
1234
Your score for this guess: Bulls = 0, Cows = 1. Try again!
5678
Your score for this guess: Bulls = 1, Cows = 1. Try again!
9651
Your score for this guess: Bulls = 1, Cows = 1. Try again!
5729
Your score for this guess: Bulls = 0, Cows = 3. Try again!
2695
Your score for this guess: Bulls = 2, Cows = 1. Try again!
2697
Your score for this guess: Bulls = 2, Cows = 2. Try again!
7692
Your score for this guess: Bulls = 4, Cows = 0.
Congratulations, you win!
</pre>

=={{header|BASIC}}==
{{works with|QBasic}}
<lang qbasic>DEFINT A-Z

DIM secret AS STRING
DIM guess AS STRING
DIM c AS STRING
DIM bulls, cows, guesses, i

RANDOMIZE TIMER
DO WHILE LEN(secret) < 4
c = CHR$(INT(RND * 10) + 48)
IF INSTR(secret, c) = 0 THEN secret = secret + c
LOOP

guesses = 0
DO
INPUT "Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: "; guess
guess = LTRIM$(RTRIM$(guess))
IF LEN(guess) = 0 THEN EXIT DO

IF LEN(guess) <> 4 OR VAL(guess) = 0 THEN
PRINT "** You should enter 4 numeric digits!"
GOTO looper
END IF

bulls = 0: cows = 0: guesses = guesses + 1
FOR i = 1 TO 4
c = MID$(secret, i, 1)
IF MID$(guess, i, 1) = c THEN
bulls = bulls + 1
ELSEIF INSTR(guess, c) THEN
cows = cows + 1
END IF
NEXT i
PRINT bulls; " bulls, "; cows; " cows"

IF guess = secret THEN
PRINT "You won after "; guesses; " guesses!"
EXIT DO
END IF
looper:
LOOP</lang>

==={{header|Applesoft BASIC}}===
<lang ApplesoftBasic>100 D$ = "123456789"
110 FOR I = 1 TO 4
120 P = INT(RND(1) * LEN(D$)) + 1
130 N$ = N$ + MID$(D$, P, 1)
140 D$ = MID$(D$, 1, P - 1) + MID$(D$, P + 1, 8)
150 NEXT
160 PRINT "A RANDOM NUMBER HAS BEEN CREATED.
170 PRINT "THE NUMBER HAS FOUR DIGITS FROM 1 TO 9, WITHOUT DUPLICATION."
200 FOR Q = 0 TO 1 STEP 0
210 INPUT "GUESS THE NUMBER: "; G%
220 G$ = STR$(G%)
230 M = LEN(G$) <> 4 OR G% = 0
240 IF NOT M THEN FOR I = 2 TO 4 : M = MID$(G$, I, 1) = "0" : IF NOT M THEN NEXT I
250 IF NOT M THEN FOR I = 1 TO 3 : FOR J = I + 1 TO 4 : M = MID$(G$, I, 1) = MID$(G$, J, 1) : IF NOT M THEN NEXT J, I
260 IF M THEN PRINT "THE GUESS IS MALFORMED." : NEXT Q
270 B = 0
280 C = 0
300 FOR I = 1 TO 4
310 C$ = MID$(N$, I, 1)
320 BULL = MID$(G$, I, 1) = C$
330 COW = 0
340 IF NOT BULL THEN FOR J = 1 TO 4 : COW = MID$(G$, J, 1) = C$ : IF NOT COW THEN NEXT J
350 B = B + BULL
360 C = C + COW
370 NEXT I
380 PRINT B " BULLS, " C " COWS"
390 Q = G$ = N$
400 NEXT Q</lang>

==={{header|Commodore BASIC}}===

Based on the AppleSoft BASIC version. Modifications as follows:
* Accommodate 80 character BASIC line length (for line 250 especially), created subroutines.
* Booleans in Commodore BASIC evaluate to -1 for TRUE, therefore ABS function added to give desired results.
* Leading space in printed numbers (which is placeholder for negative sign) is included in string conversion in Commodore BASIC, therefore RIGHT$ function added on 220 to trim leading whitespace upon conversion.
* Other formatting (clear screen, etc.) unique to Commodore BASIC.

<lang FreeBasic>100 D$="123456789"
110 FOR I=1 TO 4
120 P=INT(RND(1)*LEN(D$))+1
130 N$=N$+MID$(D$,P,1)
140 D$=MID$(D$,1,P - 1)+MID$(D$,P+1,8)
150 NEXT
160 PRINT CHR$(147);"A RANDOM NUMBER HAS BEEN CREATED."
170 PRINT "THE NUMBER HAS FOUR DIGITS FROM 1 TO 9, WITHOUT DUPLICATION."
200 FOR Q=0 TO 1 STEP 0
210 INPUT "GUESS THE NUMBER: "; G%
219 REM CONVERT TO STRING AND TRIM LEADING SPACE
220 G$=RIGHT$(STR$(G%),4)
230 M=LEN(G$)<>4 OR G%=0
240 IF NOT M THEN GOSUB 600
250 IF NOT M THEN GOSUB 700
260 IF M THEN PRINT "THE GUESS IS MALFORMED.":NEXT Q
270 B=0
280 C=0
300 FOR I=1 TO 4
310 C$=MID$(N$,I,1)
320 BULL=MID$(G$,I,1)=C$
330 COW=0
340 IF NOT BULL THEN FOR J=1 TO 4:COW=MID$(G$,J,1)=C$:IF NOT COW THEN NEXT J
350 B=B+ABS(BULL)
360 C=C+ABS(COW)
370 NEXT I
380 PRINT "BULLS:";B:PRINT "COWS:";C
390 Q=ABS(G$=N$)
400 NEXT Q
500 PRINT "GOOD JOB!":END
600 FOR I=2 TO 4:M=MID$(G$,I,1)="0"
610 IF NOT M THEN NEXT I
620 RETURN
700 FOR I=1 TO 3
710 FOR J=I+1 TO 4
720 M=MID$(G$,I,1)=MID$(G$,J,1)
730 IF NOT M THEN NEXT J,I
740 RETURN
</lang>

==={{header|IS-BASIC}}===
<lang IS-BASIC>100 PROGRAM "Bulls.bas"
110 RANDOMIZE
120 STRING C$*4
130 LET GUESS=0
140 DO
150 LET C$=STR$(RND(8701)+1199)
160 LOOP UNTIL CHECK$(C$)=C$
170 CLEAR SCREEN:PRINT "Welcome to 'Bulls and Cows!'"
180 DO
190 DO
200 PRINT :INPUT PROMPT "Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: ":G$
210 IF CHECK$(G$)="" THEN PRINT "You should enter 4-digit number with no duplicate digits."
220 LOOP UNTIL CHECK$(G$)=G$ AND G$<>""
230 LET GUESS=GUESS+1:LET BULLS,COWS=0
240 FOR I=1 TO 4
250 IF C$(I)=G$(I) THEN
260 LET BULLS=BULLS+1
270 ELSE IF POS(C$,G$(I))<>0 THEN
280 LET COWS=COWS+1
290 END IF
300 NEXT
310 PRINT BULLS;"bulls,";COWS;"cows"
320 LOOP UNTIL C$=G$
330 PRINT "You won after";GUESS;"guesses!"
340 DEF CHECK$(S$)
350 LET CHECK$=""
360 IF LEN(STR$(VAL(S$)))=4 AND POS(S$,"0")=0 THEN LET CHECK$=S$
370 FOR I=1 TO 4
380 IF POS(S$(:I-1),S$(I)) OR POS(S$(I+1:),S$(I)) THEN LET CHECK$=""
390 NEXT
400 END DEF<lang IS-BASIC></lang>

==={{header|ZX Spectrum Basic}}===
{{trans|QBasic}}
<lang zxbasic>10 DIM n(10): LET c$=""
20 FOR i=1 TO 4
30 LET d=INT (RND*9+1)
40 IF n(d)=1 THEN GO TO 30
50 LET n(d)=1
60 LET c$=c$+STR$ d
70 NEXT i
80 LET guesses=0
90 INPUT "Guess a 4-digit number (1 to 9) with no duplicate digits: ";guess
100 IF guess=0 THEN STOP
110 IF guess>9999 OR guess<1000 THEN PRINT "Only 4 numeric digits, please": GO TO 90
120 LET bulls=0: LET cows=0: LET guesses=guesses+1: LET g$=STR$ guess
130 FOR i=1 TO 4
140 IF g$(i)=c$(i) THEN LET bulls=bulls+1: GO TO 160
150 IF n(VAL g$(i))=1 THEN LET cows=cows+1
160 NEXT i
170 PRINT bulls;" bulls, ";cows;" cows"
180 IF c$=g$ THEN PRINT "You won after ";guesses;" guesses!": GO TO 10
190 GO TO 90
</lang>

=={{header|Batch File}}==
<lang dos>:: Bulls and Cows Task from Rosetta Code
:: Batch File Implementation
@echo off
setlocal enabledelayedexpansion

:: initialization
:begin
set "list_chars=123456789"
set "list_length=9"
set "code="
set "code_length=4" %== this should be less than 10 ==%
set "tries=0" %== number of tries ==%

:: generate the code to be guessed by player
set "chars_left=%list_chars%"
for /l %%c in (1, 1, %code_length%) do (
set /a "rnd=!random! %% (%list_length% + 1 - %%c)"
for %%? in (!rnd!) do set "pick_char=!chars_left:~%%?,1!"
set "code=!code!!pick_char!"
for %%? in (!pick_char!) do set "chars_left=!chars_left:%%?=!"
)

:: get the min and max allowable guess for input validation
set "min=!list_chars:~0,%code_length%!"
set "max="
for /l %%c in (1, 1, %code_length%) do set "max=!max!!list_chars:~-%%c,1!"

:: display game
:display
cls
echo(
echo(Bulls and Cows Game
echo(Batch File Implementation
echo(
echo(Gameplay:
echo(
echo(I have generated a %code_length%-digit code from digits 1-9 without duplication.
echo(Your objective is to guess it. If your guess is equal to my code,
echo(then you WIN. If not, I will score your guess:
echo(
echo(** A score of one BULL is accumulated for each digit in your guess
echo(that equals the corresponding digit in my code.
echo(
echo(** A score of one COW is accumulated for each digit in your guess
echo(that also appears in my code, but in the WRONG position.
echo(
echo(Now, start guessing^^!

:: input guess
:guess
echo(
set "guess=" %== clear input ==%
set /p "guess=Your Guess: "

:: validate input
if "!guess!" gtr "%max%" goto invalid
if "!guess!" lss "%min%" goto invalid
set /a "last_idx=%code_length% - 1"
for /l %%i in (0, 1, %last_idx%) do (
set /a "next_idx=%%i + 1"
for /l %%j in (!next_idx!, 1, %last_idx%) do (
if "!guess:~%%i,1!" equ "!guess:~%%j,1!" goto invalid
)
)
goto score

:: display that input is invalid
:invalid
echo(Please input a valid guess.
goto guess

:: scoring section
:score
set /a "tries+=1"
if "%guess%" equ "%code%" goto win
set "cow=0"
set "bull=0"
for /l %%i in (0, 1, %last_idx%) do (
for /l %%j in (0, 1, %last_idx%) do (
if "!guess:~%%i,1!" equ "!code:~%%j,1!" (
if "%%i" equ "%%j" (
set /a "bull+=1"
) else (
set /a "cow+=1"
)
)
)
)
:: display score and go back to user input
echo(BULLS = %bull%; COWS = %cow%.
goto guess

:: player wins!
:win
echo(
echo(After %tries% tries, YOU CRACKED IT^^! My code is %code%.
echo(
set /p "opt=Play again? "
if /i "!opt!" equ "y" goto begin
exit /b 0</lang>
{{Out}}
<pre>
Bulls and Cows Game
Batch File Implementation

Gameplay:

I have generated a 4-digit code from digits 1-9 without duplication.
Your objective is to guess it. If your guess is equal to my code,
then you WIN. If not, I will score your guess:

** A score of one BULL is accumulated for each digit in your guess
that equals the corresponding digit in my code.

** A score of one COW is accumulated for each digit in your guess
that also appears in my code, but in the WRONG position.

Now, start guessing!

Your Guess: 0123
Please input a valid guess.

Your Guess: 1234
BULLS = 0; COWS = 3.

Your Guess: 4123
BULLS = 2; COWS = 1.

...

Your Guess: 4391
BULLS = 2; COWS = 0.

Your Guess: 4521
BULLS = 3; COWS = 0.

Your Guess: 4621
BULLS = 3; COWS = 0.

Your Guess: 4821

After 10 tries, YOU CRACKED IT! My code is 4821.

Play again? </pre>

=={{header|BBC BASIC}}==
<lang bbcbasic> secret$ = ""
REPEAT
c$ = CHR$(&30 + RND(9))
IF INSTR(secret$, c$) = 0 secret$ += c$
UNTIL LEN(secret$) = 4
PRINT "Guess a four-digit number with no digit used twice."'
guesses% = 0
REPEAT
REPEAT
INPUT "Enter your guess: " guess$
IF LEN(guess$) <> 4 PRINT "Must be a four-digit number"
UNTIL LEN(guess$) = 4
guesses% += 1
IF guess$ = secret$ PRINT "You won after "; guesses% " guesses!" : END
bulls% = 0
cows% = 0
FOR i% = 1 TO 4
c$ = MID$(secret$, i%, 1)
IF MID$(guess$, i%, 1) = c$ THEN
bulls% += 1
ELSE IF INSTR(guess$, c$) THEN
cows% += 1
ENDIF
ENDIF
NEXT i%
PRINT "You got " ;bulls% " bull(s) and " ;cows% " cow(s)."
UNTIL FALSE
</lang>

=={{header|Brat}}==
<lang brat>secret_length = 4

secret = [1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9].shuffle.pop secret_length

score = { guess |
cows = 0
bulls = 0

guess.each_with_index { digit, index |
true? digit == secret[index]
{ bulls = bulls + 1 }
{ true? secret.include?(digit)
{ cows = cows + 1 }
}
}

[cows: cows, bulls: bulls]
}

won = false
guesses = 1

p "I have chosen a number with four unique digits from 1 through 9. Can you guess it?"

while { not won }
{
print "Guess #{guesses}: "
guess = g.strip.dice.map { d | d.to_i }

when { guess == secret } { p "You won in #{guesses} guesses!"; won = true }
{ guess.include?(0) || guess.include?(null) } { p "Your guess should only include digits 1 through 9." }
{ guess.length != secret.length } { p "Your guess was not the correct length. The number has exactly #{secret.length} digits." }
{ guess.unique.length != secret.length } { p "Each digit should only appear once in your guess." }
{ true } {
result = score guess
p "Score: #{result[:bulls]} bulls, #{result[:cows]} cows."
guesses = guesses + 1
}
}</lang>

=={{header|C}}==
{{libheader|ncurses}}
<lang c>#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <curses.h>
#include <string.h>

#define MAX_NUM_TRIES 72
#define LINE_BEGIN 7
#define LAST_LINE 18

int yp=LINE_BEGIN, xp=0;

char number[5];
char guess[5];

#define MAX_STR 256
void mvaddstrf(int y, int x, const char *fmt, ...)
{
va_list args;
char buf[MAX_STR];
va_start(args, fmt);
vsprintf(buf, fmt, args);
move(y, x);
clrtoeol();
addstr(buf);
va_end(args);
}

void ask_for_a_number()
{
int i=0;
char symbols[] = "123456789";

move(5,0); clrtoeol();
addstr("Enter four digits: ");
while(i<4) {
int c = getch();
if ( (c >= '1') && (c <= '9') && (symbols[c-'1']!=0) ) {
addch(c);
symbols[c-'1'] = 0;
guess[i++] = c;
}
}
}

void choose_the_number()
{
int i=0, j;
char symbols[] = "123456789";

while(i<4) {
j = rand() % 9;
if ( symbols[j] != 0 ) {
number[i++] = symbols[j];
symbols[j] = 0;
}
}
}</lang>

The following function contains the code to check how many bulls and cows there are.

<lang c>bool take_it_or_not()
{
int i;
int cows=0, bulls=0;

for(i=0; i < 4; i++) {
if ( number[i] == guess[i] ) {
bulls++;
} else if ( strchr(number, guess[i]) != NULL ) {
cows++;
}
}
move(yp, xp);
addstr(guess); addch(' ');
if ( bulls == 4 ) { yp++; return true; }
if ( (cows==0) && (bulls==0) ) addch('-');
while( cows-- > 0 ) addstr("O");
while( bulls-- > 0 ) addstr("X");
yp++;
if ( yp > LAST_LINE ) {
yp = LINE_BEGIN;
xp += 10;
}
return false;
}

bool ask_play_again()
{
int i;

while(yp-- >= LINE_BEGIN) {
move(yp, 0); clrtoeol();
}
yp = LINE_BEGIN; xp = 0;

move(21,0); clrtoeol();
addstr("Do you want to play again? [y/n]");
while(true) {
int a = getch();
switch(a) {
case 'y':
case 'Y':
return true;
case 'n':
case 'N':
return false;
}
}
}


int main()
{
bool bingo, again;
int tries = 0;

initscr(); cbreak(); noecho();
clear();

number[4] = guess[4] = 0;

mvaddstr(0,0, "I choose a number made of 4 digits (from 1 to 9) without repetitions\n"
"You enter a number of 4 digits, and I say you how many of them are\n"
"in my secret number but in wrong position (cows or O), and how many\n"
"are in the right position (bulls or X)");
do {
move(20,0); clrtoeol(); move(21, 0); clrtoeol();
srand(time(NULL));
choose_the_number();
do {
ask_for_a_number();
bingo = take_it_or_not();
tries++;
} while(!bingo && (tries < MAX_NUM_TRIES));
if ( bingo )
mvaddstrf(20, 0, "You guessed %s correctly in %d attempts!", number, tries);
else
mvaddstrf(20,0, "Sorry, you had only %d tries...; the number was %s",
MAX_NUM_TRIES, number);
again = ask_play_again();
tries = 0;
} while(again);
nocbreak(); echo(); endwin();
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}</lang>

=={{header|C sharp|C#}}==
<lang csharp>using System;

namespace BullsnCows
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
int[] nums = new int[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 };
KnuthShuffle<int>(ref nums);
int[] chosenNum = new int[4];
Array.Copy(nums, chosenNum, 4);

Console.WriteLine("Your Guess ?");
while (!game(Console.ReadLine(), chosenNum))
{
Console.WriteLine("Your next Guess ?");
}
Console.ReadKey();
}

public static void KnuthShuffle<T>(ref T[] array)
{
System.Random random = new System.Random();
for (int i = 0; i < array.Length; i++)
{
int j = random.Next(array.Length);
T temp = array[i]; array[i] = array[j]; array[j] = temp;
}
}

public static bool game(string guess, int[] num)
{
char[] guessed = guess.ToCharArray();
int bullsCount = 0, cowsCount = 0;

if (guessed.Length != 4)
{
Console.WriteLine("Not a valid guess.");
return false;
}

for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
{
int curguess = (int) char.GetNumericValue(guessed[i]);
if (curguess < 1 || curguess > 9)
{
Console.WriteLine("Digit must be ge greater 0 and lower 10.");
return false;
}
if (curguess == num[i])
{
bullsCount++;
}
else
{
for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++)
{
if (curguess == num[j])
cowsCount++;
}
}
}

if (bullsCount == 4)
{
Console.WriteLine("Congratulations! You have won!");
return true;
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine("Your Score is {0} bulls and {1} cows", bullsCount, cowsCount);
return false;
}
}
}
}
</lang>

=={{header|C++}}==
<lang cpp>#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cstdlib>

bool contains_duplicates(std::string s)
{
std::sort(s.begin(), s.end());
return std::adjacent_find(s.begin(), s.end()) != s.end();
}

void game()
{
typedef std::string::size_type index;

std::string symbols = "0123456789";
unsigned int const selection_length = 4;

std::random_shuffle(symbols.begin(), symbols.end());
std::string selection = symbols.substr(0, selection_length);
std::string guess;
while (std::cout << "Your guess? ", std::getline(std::cin, guess))
{
if (guess.length() != selection_length
|| guess.find_first_not_of(symbols) != std::string::npos
|| contains_duplicates(guess))
{
std::cout << guess << " is not a valid guess!";
continue;
}

unsigned int bulls = 0;
unsigned int cows = 0;
for (index i = 0; i != selection_length; ++i)
{
index pos = selection.find(guess[i]);
if (pos == i)
++bulls;
else if (pos != std::string::npos)
++cows;
}
std::cout << bulls << " bulls, " << cows << " cows.\n";
if (bulls == selection_length)
{
std::cout << "Congratulations! You have won!\n";
return;
}
}
std::cerr << "Oops! Something went wrong with input, or you've entered end-of-file!\nExiting ...\n";
std::exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}

int main()
{
std::cout << "Welcome to bulls and cows!\nDo you want to play? ";
std::string answer;
while (true)
{
while (true)
{
if (!std::getline(std::cin, answer))
{
std::cout << "I can't get an answer. Exiting.\n";
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
if (answer == "yes" || answer == "Yes" || answer == "y" || answer == "Y")
break;
if (answer == "no" || answer == "No" || answer == "n" || answer == "N")
{
std::cout << "Ok. Goodbye.\n";
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
std::cout << "Please answer yes or no: ";
}
game();
std::cout << "Another game? ";
}
}</lang>

=={{header|Ceylon}}==
<lang ceylon>import ceylon.random {
DefaultRandom
}

shared void run() {

value random = DefaultRandom();

function generateDigits() =>
random.elements(1..9).distinct.take(4).sequence();

function validate(String guess) {
variable value ok = true;
if (!guess.every((Character element) => element.digit)) {
print("numbers only, please");
ok = false;
}
if ('0' in guess) {
print("only 1 to 9, please");
ok = false;
}
if (guess.distinct.shorterThan(guess.size)) {
print("no duplicates, please");
ok = false;
}
if (guess.size != 4) {
print("4 digits please");
ok = false;
}
return ok;
}

function score({Integer*} target, {Integer*} guess) {
variable value bulls = 0;
variable value cows = 0;
for ([a, b] in zipPairs(target, guess)) {
if (a == b) {
bulls++;
} else if (target.contains(b)) {
cows++;
}
}
return [bulls, cows];
}

while (true) {
value digits = generateDigits();
print("I have chosen my four digits, please guess what they are.
Use only the digits 1 to 9 with no duplicates and enter them with no spaces. eg 1234
Enter q or Q to quit.");
while (true) {
if (exists line = process.readLine()) {
if (line.uppercased == "Q") {
return;
}
if (validate(line)) {
value guessDigits = line.map((Character element) => Integer.parse(element.string)).narrow<Integer>();
value [bulls, cows] = score(digits, guessDigits);
if (bulls == 4) {
print("You win!");
break;
}
else {
print("Bulls: ``bulls``, Cows: ``cows``");
}
}
}
}
}
}</lang>

=={{header|Clojure}}==
<lang clojure>
(ns bulls-and-cows)
(defn bulls [guess solution]
(count (filter true? (map = guess solution))))
(defn cows [guess solution]
(-
(count (filter (set solution) guess))
(bulls guess solution)))

(defn valid-input?
"checks whether the string is a 4 digit number with unique digits"
[user-input]
(if (re-seq #"^(?!.*(\d).*\1)\d{4}$" user-input)
true
false))

(defn enter-guess []
"Let the user enter a guess. Verify the input. Repeat until valid.
returns a list of digits enters by the user (# # # #)"
(println "Enter your guess: ")
(let [guess (read-line)]
(if (valid-input? guess)
(map #(Character/digit % 10) guess)
(recur))))
(defn bulls-and-cows []
"generate a random 4 digit number from the list of (1 ... 9): no repeating digits
player tries to guess the number with bull and cows rules gameplay"
(let [solution ( take 4 (shuffle (range 1 10)))]
(println "lets play some bulls and cows!")
(loop [guess (enter-guess)]
(println (bulls guess solution) " bulls and " (cows guess solution) " cows.")
(if (not= guess solution)
(recur (enter-guess))
(println "You have won!")))))
(bulls-and-cows)
</lang>

=={{header|Coco}}==

{{libheader|Underscore.js}}

To handle I/O, we use functions named <code>say</code> (which simply outputs a string) and <code>prompt</code> (which takes a prompt string to display to the user and returns a line of input, without a trailing newline). These require platform-specific implementations. Here's how they can be implemented for the SpiderMonkey shell:

<lang coco>say = print
prompt = (str) ->
putstr str
readline! ? quit!</lang>

We can now solve the task using <code>say</code> and <code>prompt</code>:

<lang coco>const SIZE = 4

secret = _.sample ['1' to '9'], SIZE

for ever
var guess
for ever
guess := _.uniq prompt 'Enter a guess: '
if guess.length === SIZE and not _.difference guess, ['1' to '9'] .length
break
say 'Malformed guess; try again.'
bulls = cows = 0
for i til SIZE
if guess[i] === secret[i]
++bulls
else if _.contains secret, guess[i]
++cows
if bulls === SIZE
break
say "#bulls bull#{[if bulls !== 1 then 's']}, #cows cow#{[if cows !== 1 then 's']}."

say 'A winner is you!'</lang>

=={{header|Common Lisp}}==
<lang lisp>(defun get-number ()
(do ((digits '()))
((>= (length digits) 4) digits)
(pushnew (1+ (random 9)) digits)))
(defun compute-score (guess number)
(let ((cows 0)
(bulls 0))
(map nil (lambda (guess-digit number-digit)
(cond ((= guess-digit number-digit) (incf bulls))
((member guess-digit number) (incf cows))))
guess number)
(values cows bulls)))
(defun number->guess (number)
(when (integerp number)
(do ((digits '()))
((zerop number) digits)
(multiple-value-bind (quotient remainder) (floor number 10)
(push remainder digits)
(setf number quotient)))))
(defun valid-guess-p (guess)
(and (= 4 (length guess))
(every (lambda (digit) (<= 1 digit 9)) guess)
(equal guess (remove-duplicates guess))))
(defun play-game (&optional (stream *query-io*))
(do ((number (get-number))
(cows 0)
(bulls 0))
((= 4 bulls))
(format stream "~&Guess a 4-digit number: ")
(let ((guess (number->guess (read stream))))
(cond ((not (valid-guess-p guess))
(format stream "~&Malformed guess."))
(t
(setf (values cows bulls) (compute-score guess number))
(if (= 4 bulls)
(format stream "~&Correct, you win!")
(format stream "~&Score: ~a cows, ~a bulls."
cows bulls)))))))</lang>

=={{header|Crystal}}==
{{trans|Ruby}}
<lang Ruby>size = 4
secret = ('1'..'9').to_a.sample(size)
guess = [] of Char

i = 0
loop do
i += 1
loop do
print "Guess #{i}: "
guess = gets.not_nil!.chomp.chars
exit if guess.empty?

break if guess.size == size &&
guess.all? { |x| ('1'..'9').includes? x } &&
guess.uniq.size == size

puts "Problem, try again. You need to enter #{size} unique digits from 1 to 9"
end

if guess == secret
puts "Congratulations you guessed correctly in #{i} attempts"
break
end

bulls = cows = 0
size.times do |j|
if guess[j] == secret[j]
bulls += 1
elsif secret.includes? guess[j]
cows += 1
end
end

puts "Bulls: #{bulls}; Cows: #{cows}"
end</lang>

=={{header|D}}==
<lang d>void main() {
import std.stdio, std.random, std.string, std.algorithm,
std.range, std.ascii;

immutable hidden = "123456789"d.randomCover.take(4).array;
while (true) {
"Next guess: ".write;
const d = readln.strip.array.sort().release;
if (d.count == 4 && d.all!isDigit && d.uniq.count == 4) {
immutable bulls = d.zip(hidden).count!q{ a[0] == a[1] },
cows = d.count!(g => hidden.canFind(g)) - bulls;
if (bulls == 4)
return " You guessed it!".writeln;
writefln("bulls %d, cows %d", bulls, cows);
}
" Bad guess! (4 unique digits, 1-9)".writeln;
}
}</lang>
{{out}}
<pre>Next guess: 6548
bulls 0, cows 3
Bad guess! (4 unique digits, 1-9)
Next guess: 5284
bulls 2, cows 1
Bad guess! (4 unique digits, 1-9)
Next guess: 4386
bulls 0, cows 2
Bad guess! (4 unique digits, 1-9)
Next guess: -
Bad guess! (4 unique digits, 1-9)
Next guess: 5894
bulls 3, cows 0
Bad guess! (4 unique digits, 1-9)
Next guess: 5874
bulls 3, cows 0
Bad guess! (4 unique digits, 1-9)
Next guess: 5814
You guessed it!</pre>
=={{header|Delphi}}==
See [[#Pascal]].
=={{header|E}}==

Note: This example was deliberately written in an abstracted style, separating out the algorithms, game logic, and UI.

<lang e>def Digit := 1..9
def Number := Tuple[Digit,Digit,Digit,Digit]

/** Choose a random number to be guessed. */
def pick4(entropy) {
def digits := [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9].diverge()
# Partial Fisher-Yates shuffle
for i in 0..!4 {
def other := entropy.nextInt(digits.size() - i) + i
def t := digits[other]
digits[other] := digits[i]
digits[i] := t
}
return digits(0, 4)
}

/** Compute the score of a guess. */
def scoreGuess(actual :Number, guess :Number) {
var bulls := 0
var cows := 0
for i => digit in guess {
if (digit == actual[i]) {
bulls += 1
} else if (actual.indexOf1(digit) != -1) {
cows += 1
}
}
return [bulls, cows]
}

/** Parse a guess string into a list of digits (Number). */
def parseGuess(guessString, fail) :Number {
if (guessString.size() != 4) {
return fail(`I need four digits, not ${guessString.size()} digits.`)
} else {
var digits := []
for c in guessString {
if (('1'..'9')(c)) {
digits with= c - '0'
} else {
return fail(`I need a digit from 1 to 9, not "$c".`)
}
}
return digits
}
}

/** The game loop: asking for guesses and reporting scores and win conditions.
The return value is null or a broken reference if there was a problem. */
def bullsAndCows(askUserForGuess, tellUser, entropy) {
def actual := pick4(entropy)
def gameTurn() {
return when (def guessString := askUserForGuess <- ()) -> {
escape tellAndContinue {

def guess := parseGuess(guessString, tellAndContinue)
def [bulls, cows] := scoreGuess(actual, guess)
if (bulls == 4) {
tellUser <- (`You got it! The number is $actual!`)
null
} else {
tellAndContinue(`Your score for $guessString is $bulls bulls and $cows cows.`)
}
} catch message {
# The parser or scorer has something to say, and the game continues afterward
when (tellUser <- (message)) -> {
gameTurn()
}
}
} catch p {
# Unexpected problem of some sort
tellUser <- ("Sorry, game crashed.")
throw(p)
}
}
return gameTurn()
}</lang>

===REPL user interface===

<!-- GeSHI mangles unicode -->
<pre>def replBullsAndCows() {
when (
bullsAndCows(fn {
def [guess, env] := e`def guess; guess`.evalToPair(interp.getTopScope().nestOuter())
interp.setTopScope(env)
println("Please type “ bind guess := \"your guess here\" ”.")
guess
}, println, entropy)
) -> {} catch p {
println(`$p${p.eStack()}`)
}
}</pre>

===Graphical user interface===

{{works with|E-on-Java}} (Java Swing)

<lang e>def guiBullsAndCows() {
var lastGuess := ""
def op := <unsafe:javax.swing.makeJOptionPane>
return bullsAndCows(fn {
lastGuess := op.showInputDialog(null, "Enter your guess:", lastGuess)
if (lastGuess == null) {
# canceled, so just fail to return an answer and let the game logic get GCed
Ref.promise()[0]
} else {
lastGuess
}
}, fn msg {
op.showMessageDialog(null, msg)
}, entropy)
}</lang>

=={{header|EasyLang}}==
<lang>dig[] = [ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ]
for i range 4
h = i + random (9 - i)
swap dig[i] dig[h]
.
# print dig[]
len g[] 4
attempts = 0
repeat
repeat
ok = 0
s$[] = str_chars input
if len s$[] = 4
ok = 1
for i range 4
g[i] = number s$[i]
if g[i] = 0
ok = 0
.
.
.
until ok = 1
.
print g[]
attempts += 1
bulls = 0
cows = 0
for i range 4
if g[i] = dig[i]
bulls += 1
else
for j range 4
if dig[j] = g[i]
cows += 1
.
.
.
.
print "bulls:" & bulls & " cows:" & cows
until bulls = 4
.
print "Well done! " & attempts & " attempts needed."</lang>

=={{header|Eiffel}}==
<lang Eiffel>
class
BULLS_AND_COWS

create
execute

feature

execute
-- Initiate game.
do
io.put_string ("Let's play bulls and cows.%N")
create answer.make_empty
play
end

feature {NONE}

play
-- Plays bulls ans cows.
local
count, seed: INTEGER
guess: STRING
do
from
until
seed > 0
loop
io.put_string ("Enter a positive integer.%NYour play will be generated from it.%N")
io.read_integer
seed := io.last_integer
end
generate_answer (seed)
io.put_string ("Your game has been created.%N Try to guess the four digit number.%N")
create guess.make_empty
from
until
guess ~ answer
loop
io.put_string ("Guess: ")
io.read_line
guess := io.last_string
if guess.count = 4 and guess.is_natural and not guess.has ('0') then
io.put_string (score (guess) + "%N")
count := count + 1
else
io.put_string ("Your input does not have the correct format.")
end
end
io.put_string ("Congratulations! You won with " + count.out + " guesses.")
end

answer: STRING

generate_answer (s: INTEGER)
-- Answer with 4-digits between 1 and 9 stored in 'answer'.
require
positive_seed: s > 0
local
random: RANDOM
ran: INTEGER
do
create random.set_seed (s)
from
until
answer.count = 4
loop
ran := (random.double_item * 10).floor
if ran > 0 and not answer.has_substring (ran.out) then
answer.append (ran.out)
end
random.forth
end
ensure
answer_not_void: answer /= Void
correct_length: answer.count = 4
end

score (g: STRING): STRING
-- Score for the guess 'g' depending on 'answer'.
require
same_length: answer.count = g.count
local
k: INTEGER
a, ge: STRING
do
Result := ""
a := answer.twin
ge := g.twin
across
1 |..| a.count as c
loop
if a [c.item] ~ ge [c.item] then
Result := Result + "BULL "
a [c.item] := ' '
ge [c.item] := ' '
end
end
across
1 |..| a.count as c
loop
if a [c.item] /= ' ' then
k := ge.index_of (a [c.item], 1)
if k > 0 then
Result := Result + "COW "
ge [k] := ' '
end
end
end
end

end
</lang>
{{out}}
<pre>
Let's play bulls and cows.
Enter a positive integer.
Your play will be generated from it.
2

Guess: 2497
BULL COW

Guess: 2486
BULL COW COW

Guess: 2485
BULL COW COW

Guess: 2483
BULL BULL COW COW

Guess: 2438
BULL COW COW COW

Guess: 2843
BULL BULL BULL BULL
Congratulations! You won with 6 guesses.
</pre>

=={{header|Elena}}==
ELENA 5.0 :
<lang elena>import system'routines;
import extensions;

class GameMaster
{
object theNumbers;
object theAttempt;

constructor()
{
// generate secret number
var randomNumbers := new int[]{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}.randomize(9);

theNumbers := randomNumbers.Subarray(0, 4);
theAttempt := new Integer(1);
}

ask()
{
var row := console.print("Your Guess #",theAttempt," ?").readLine();
^ row.toArray()
}

proceed(guess)
{
int cows := 0;
int bulls := 0;

if (guess.Length != 4)
{
bulls := -1
}
else
{
try
{
for (int i := 0, i < 4, i+=1) {
var ch := guess[i];
var number := ch.toString().toInt();
// check range
ifnot (number > 0 && number < 10)
{ InvalidArgumentException.raise() };
// check duplicates
var duplicate := guess.seekEach:(x => (x == ch)&&(x.equalReference(ch).Inverted));
if (nil != duplicate)
{
InvalidArgumentException.raise()
};
if (number == theNumbers[i])
{
bulls += 1
}
else
{
if (theNumbers.ifExists(number))
{ cows += 1 }
}
}
}
catch(Exception e)
{
bulls := -1
}
};

bulls =>
-1 { console.printLine:"Not a valid guess."; ^ true }
4 { console.printLine:"Congratulations! You have won!"; ^ false }
: {
theAttempt.append(1);
console.printLine("Your Score is ",bulls," bulls and ",cows," cows");
^ true
}
}
}

public program()
{
var gameMaster := new GameMaster();

(lazy:gameMaster.proceed(gameMaster.ask())).doWhile();
console.readChar()
}</lang>
{{out}}
<pre>
Your Guess #1 ?2497
Your Score is 1 bulls and 1 cows
Your Guess #2 ?2486
Your Score is 1 bulls and 2 cows
Your Guess #3 ?2485
Your Score is 1 bulls and 2 cows
Your Guess #4 ?2483
Your Score is 2 bulls and 2 cows
Your Guess #5 ?2438
Your Score is 1 bulls and 3 cows
Your Guess #6 ?2843
Congratulations! You have won!
</pre>

=={{header|Elixir}}==
{{works with|Elixir|1.2}}
<lang elixir>defmodule Bulls_and_cows do
def play(size \\ 4) do
secret = Enum.take_random(1..9, size) |> Enum.map(&to_string/1)
play(size, secret)
end
defp play(size, secret) do
guess = input(size)
if guess == secret do
IO.puts "You win!"
else
{bulls, cows} = count(guess, secret)
IO.puts " Bulls: #{bulls}; Cows: #{cows}"
play(size, secret)
end
end
defp input(size) do
guess = IO.gets("Enter your #{size}-digit guess: ") |> String.strip
cond do
guess == "" ->
IO.puts "Give up"
exit(:normal)
String.length(guess)==size and String.match?(guess, ~r/^[1-9]+$/) ->
String.codepoints(guess)
true -> input(size)
end
end
defp count(guess, secret) do
Enum.zip(guess, secret) |>
Enum.reduce({0,0}, fn {g,s},{bulls,cows} ->
cond do
g == s -> {bulls + 1, cows}
g in secret -> {bulls, cows + 1}
true -> {bulls, cows}
end
end)
end
end

Bulls_and_cows.play</lang>

{{out}}
<pre>
Enter your 4-digit guess: 1234
Bulls: 1; Cows: 1
Enter your 4-digit guess: 5678
Bulls: 0; Cows: 2
Enter your 4-digit guess: 2345
Bulls: 0; Cows: 1
Enter your 4-digit guess: 1456
Bulls: 1; Cows: 0
Enter your 4-digit guess: 1782
You win!
</pre>

=={{header|Erlang}}==
Module:
<lang erlang>-module(bulls_and_cows).
-export([generate_secret/0, score_guess/2, play/0]).

% generate the secret code
generate_secret() -> generate_secret([], 4, lists:seq(1,9)).
generate_secret(Secret, 0, _) -> Secret;
generate_secret(Secret, N, Digits) ->
Next = lists:nth(random:uniform(length(Digits)), Digits),
generate_secret(Secret ++ [Next], N - 1, Digits -- [Next]).

% evaluate a guess
score_guess(Secret, Guess)
when length(Secret) =/= length(Guess) -> throw(badguess);
score_guess(Secret, Guess) ->
Bulls = count_bulls(Secret,Guess),
Cows = count_cows(Secret, Guess, Bulls),
[Bulls, Cows].

% count bulls (exact matches)
count_bulls(Secret, Guess) ->
length(lists:filter(fun(I) -> lists:nth(I,Secret) == lists:nth(I,Guess) end,
lists:seq(1, length(Secret)))).

% count cows (digits present but out of place)
count_cows(Secret, Guess, Bulls) ->
length(lists:filter(fun(I) -> lists:member(I, Guess) end, Secret)) - Bulls.

% play a game
play() -> play_round(generate_secret()).

play_round(Secret) -> play_round(Secret, read_guess()).

play_round(Secret, Guess) ->
play_round(Secret, Guess, score_guess(Secret,Guess)).

play_round(_, _, [4,0]) ->
io:put_chars("Correct!\n");

play_round(Secret, _, Score) ->
io:put_chars("\tbulls:"), io:write(hd(Score)), io:put_chars(", cows:"),
io:write(hd(tl(Score))), io:put_chars("\n"), play_round(Secret).

read_guess() ->
lists:map(fun(D)->D-48 end,
lists:sublist(io:get_line("Enter your 4-digit guess: "), 4)).</lang>

Script:
<lang erlang>#!/usr/bin/escript
% Play Bulls and Cows
main(_) -> random:seed(now()), bulls_and_cows:play().</lang>

Sample play:<pre>Enter your 4-digit guess: 8376
bulls:1, cows:0
Enter your 4-digit guess: 8941
bulls:1, cows:1
Enter your 4-digit guess: 8529
bulls:1, cows:1
Enter your 4-digit guess: 4926
bulls:1, cows:1
Enter your 4-digit guess: 9321
Correct!
</pre>

=={{header|Euphoria}}==
{{works with|Euphoria|4.0.3, 4.0.0 RC1 and later}}
<lang euphoria>include std\text.e
include std\os.e
include std\sequence.e
include std\console.e

sequence bcData = {0,0} --bull,cow score for the player
sequence goalNum = { {0,0,0,0}, {0,0,0,0}, 0} --computer's secret number digits (element 1), marked as bull/cow
--indexes in element 2, integer value of it in element 3
sequence currentGuess = { {0,0,0,0}, {0,0,0,0}, 0} --player's guess, same format as goalNum
sequence removeChars = 0 & " 0\r\t\n" --characters to trim (remove) from user's input. \r, \t are single escaped characters,
--0 is ascii 0x0 and number zero is ascii 48, or 0x30. The rest are wysiwyg
integer tries = 0 --track number of tries to guess the number
sequence bcStrings ={"bull", "cow"} --stores singular and/or plural strings depending on score in bcData

goalNum[1] = rand( {9,9,9,9} ) --rand function works on objects. here it outputs into each sequence element.
goalNum[3] = goalNum[1][1] * 1000 + goalNum[1][2] * 100 + goalNum[1][3] * 10 + goalNum[1][4] --convert digits to an integer
--and store it

procedure getInputAndProcess(integer stage = 1) --object = 1 sets default value for the parameter if it isn't specified

goalNum[2][1..4] = 0 --{0,0,0,0} --set these to unscaned (0) since the scanning will start over.
currentGuess[1][1..4] = 0 --{0,0,0,0} --these too, or they will contain old marks
currentGuess[2][1..4] = 0
tries += 1 --equivalent to tries = tries + 1, but faster and shorter to write
bcData[1..2] = 0 -- {0,0}

if stage <= 1 then --if this process was run for the first time or with no parameters, then..
puts(1,"The program has thought of a four digit number using only digits 1 to 9.\nType your guess and press enter.\n")
end if
while 1 label "guesscheck" do --labels can be used to specify a jump point from exit or retry, and help readability
currentGuess[1] = trim(gets(0), removeChars) --get user input, trim unwanted characters from it, store it in currentGuess[1]
currentGuess[1] = mapping( currentGuess[1], {49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57}, {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9} ) --convert ascii codes to
-- integer digits they represent
integer tempF = find('0',currentGuess[1])
if length(currentGuess[1]) != 4 or tempF != 0 then --if the input string is now more than 4 characters/integers,
--the input won't be used.
puts(1,"You probably typed too many digits or a 0. Try typing a new 4 digit number with only numbers 1 through 9.\n")
retry "guesscheck"
else
exit "guesscheck"
end if
end while
--convert separate digits to the one integer they represent and store it, like with goalNum[3]
currentGuess[3] = currentGuess[1][1] * 1000 + currentGuess[1][2] * 100 + currentGuess[1][3] * 10 + currentGuess[1][4]
--convert digits to the integer they represent, to print to a string later

--check for bulls
for i = 1 to 4 do
if goalNum[1][i] = currentGuess[1][i] then
goalNum[2][i] = 1
currentGuess[2][i] = 1
bcData[1] += 1
end if
end for

--check for cows, but not slots marked as bulls or cows already.
for i = 1 to 4 label "iGuessElem"do --loop through each guessed digit
for j = 1 to 4 label "jGoalElem" do --but first go through each goal digit, comparing the first guessed digit,
--and then the other guessed digits 2 through 4
if currentGuess[2][i] = 1 then --if the guessed digit we're comparing right now has been marked as bull or cow already
continue "iGuessElem" --skip to the next guess digit without comparing this guess digit to the other goal digits
end if
if goalNum[2][j] = 1 then --if the goal digit we're comparing to right now has been marked as a bull or cow already
continue "jGoalElem" --skip to the next goal digit
end if
if currentGuess[1][i] = goalNum[1][j] then --if the guessed digit is the same as the goal one,
--it won't be a bull, so it's a cow
bcData[2] += 1 --score one more cow
goalNum[2][j] = 1 --mark this digit as a found cow in the subsequence that stores 0's or 1's as flags
continue "iGuessElem" --skip to the next guess digit, so that this digit won't try to check for
--matches(cow) with other goal digits
end if
end for --this guess digit was compared to one goal digit , try comparing this guess digit with the next goal digit
end for --this guess digit was compared with all goal digits, compare the next guess digit to all the goal digits

if bcData[1] = 1 then --uses singular noun when there is score of 1, else plural
bcStrings[1] = "bull"
else
bcStrings[1] = "bulls"
end if

if bcData[2] = 1 then --the same kind of thing as above block
bcStrings[2] = "cow"
else
bcStrings[2] = "cows"
end if

if bcData[1] < 4 then --if less than 4 bulls were found, the player hasn't won, else they have...
printf(1, "Guess #%d : You guessed %d . You found %d %s, %d %s. Type new guess.\n", {tries, currentGuess[3], bcData[1], bcStrings[1], bcData[2], bcStrings[2]} )
getInputAndProcess(2)
else --else they have won and the procedure ends
printf(1, "The number was %d. You guessed %d in %d tries.\n", {goalNum[3], currentGuess[3], tries} )
any_key()--wait for keypress before closing console window.
end if

end procedure
--run the procedure
getInputAndProcess(1)


</lang>
Output :
<pre>
The program has thought of a four digit number using only digits 1 to 9.
Type your guess and press enter.
7456
Guess #1 : You guessed 7456 . You found 1 bull, 1 cow. Type new guess.
7116
Guess #2 : You guessed 7116 . You found 1 bull, 0 cows. Type new guess.
7862
Guess #3 : You guessed 7862 . You found 0 bulls, 2 cows. Type new guess.
1826
[...etc]
6586
Guess #10 : You guessed 6586 . You found 3 bulls, 0 cows. Type new guess.
5586
Guess #11 : You guessed 5586 . You found 3 bulls, 0 cows. Type new guess.
2586
Guess #12 : You guessed 2586 . You found 3 bulls, 0 cows. Type new guess.
9586
The number was 9586. You guessed 9586 in 13 tries.
Press Any Key to continue...
</pre>

=={{header|Factor}}==
<lang Factor>USING: accessors assocs combinators fry grouping hashtables kernel
locals math math.parser math.ranges random sequences strings
io ascii ;
IN: bullsncows

TUPLE: score bulls cows ;
: <score> ( -- score ) 0 0 score boa ;

TUPLE: cow ;
: <cow> ( -- cow ) cow new ;

TUPLE: bull ;
: <bull> ( -- bull ) bull new ;

: inc-bulls ( score -- score ) dup bulls>> 1 + >>bulls ;
: inc-cows ( score -- score ) dup cows>> 1 + >>cows ;

: random-nums ( -- seq ) 9 [1,b] 4 sample ;

: add-digits ( seq -- n ) 0 [ swap 10 * + ] reduce number>string ;

: new-number ( -- n narr ) random-nums dup add-digits ;

: narr>nhash ( narr -- nhash ) { 1 2 3 4 } swap zip ;

: num>hash ( n -- hash )
[ 1string string>number ] { } map-as narr>nhash ;

:: cow-or-bull ( n g -- arr )
{
{ [ n first g at n second = ] [ <bull> ] }
{ [ n second g value? ] [ <cow> ] }
[ f ]
} cond ;

: add-to-score ( arr -- score )
<score> [ bull? [ inc-bulls ] [ inc-cows ] if ] reduce ;

: check-win ( score -- ? ) bulls>> 4 = ;

: sum-score ( n g -- score ? )
'[ _ cow-or-bull ] map sift add-to-score dup check-win ;

: print-sum ( score -- str )
dup bulls>> number>string "Bulls: " swap append swap cows>> number>string
" Cows: " swap 3append "\n" append ;

: (validate-readln) ( str -- ? ) dup length 4 = not swap [ letter? ] all? or ;

: validate-readln ( -- str )
readln dup (validate-readln)
[ "Invalid input.\nPlease enter a valid 4 digit number: "
write flush drop validate-readln ]
when ;

: win ( -- ) "\nYou've won! Good job. You're so smart." print flush ;

: main-loop ( x -- )
"Enter a 4 digit number: " write flush validate-readln num>hash swap
[ sum-score swap print-sum print flush ] keep swap not
[ main-loop ] [ drop win ] if ;

: main ( -- ) new-number drop narr>nhash main-loop ;</lang>

=={{header|Fan}}==
<lang Fan>**
** Bulls and cows. A game pre-dating, and similar to, Mastermind.
**
class BullsAndCows
{

Void main()
{
digits := [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
size := 4
chosen := [,]
size.times { chosen.add(digits.removeAt(Int.random(0..<digits.size))) }

echo("I've chosen $size unique digits from 1 to 9 at random.
Try to guess my number!")
guesses := 0
while (true) // game loop
{
guesses += 1
guess := Int[,]
while (true) // input loop
{
// get a good guess
Sys.out.print("\nNext guess [$guesses]: ")
Sys.out.flush
inString := Sys.in.readLine?.trim ?: ""
inString.each |ch|
{ if (ch >= '1' && ch <= '9' && !guess.contains(ch)) guess.add(ch-'0') }
if (guess.size == 4)
break // input loop
echo("Oops, try again. You need to enter $size unique digits from 1 to 9")
}
if (guess.all |v, i->Bool| { return v == chosen[i] })
{
echo("\nCongratulations! You guessed correctly in $guesses guesses")
break // game loop
}
bulls := 0
cows := 0
(0 ..< size).each |i|
{
if (guess[i] == chosen[i])
bulls += 1
else if (chosen.contains(guess[i]))
cows += 1
}
echo("\n $bulls Bulls\n $cows Cows")
}
}
}</lang>

=={{header|Forth}}==
{{works with|GNU Forth}}
<lang forth>include random.fs

create hidden 4 allot

: ok? ( str -- ? )
dup 4 <> if 2drop false exit then
1 9 lshift 1- -rot
bounds do
i c@ '1 -
dup 0 9 within 0= if 2drop false leave then
1 swap lshift over and
dup 0= if nip leave then
xor
loop 0<> ;

: init
begin
hidden 4 bounds do 9 random '1 + i c! loop
hidden 4 ok?
until ;

: check? ( addr -- solved? )
0
4 0 do
over i + c@
4 0 do
dup hidden i + c@ = if swap
i j = if 8 else 1 then + swap
then
loop drop
loop nip
8 /mod tuck . ." bulls, " . ." cows"
4 = ;

: guess: ( "1234" -- )
bl parse 2dup ok? 0= if 2drop ." Bad guess! (4 unique digits, 1-9)" exit then
drop check? if cr ." You guessed it!" then ;</lang>
{{out}}
<pre>init ok
guess: 1234 1 bulls, 0 cows ok
guess: 1567 1 bulls, 1 cows ok
guess: 1895 2 bulls, 1 cows ok
guess: 1879 4 bulls, 0 cows
You guessed it! ok</pre>

=={{header|Fortran}}==
{{works with|Fortran|90 and later}}
<lang fortran>module bac
implicit none

contains

subroutine Gennum(n)
integer, intent(out) :: n(4)
integer :: i, j
real :: r
call random_number(r)
n(1) = int(r * 9.0) + 1
i = 2
outer: do while (i <= 4)
call random_number(r)
n(i) = int(r * 9.0) + 1
inner: do j = i-1 , 1, -1
if (n(j) == n(i)) cycle outer
end do inner
i = i + 1
end do outer
end subroutine Gennum

subroutine Score(n, guess, b, c)
character(*), intent(in) :: guess
integer, intent(in) :: n(0:3)
integer, intent(out) :: b, c
integer :: digit, i, j, ind
b = 0; c = 0
do i = 1, 4
read(guess(i:i), "(i1)") digit
if (digit == n(i-1)) then
b = b + 1
else
do j = i, i+2
ind = mod(j, 4)
if (digit == n(ind)) then
c = c + 1
exit
end if
end do
end if
end do

end subroutine Score

end module bac

program Bulls_and_Cows
use bac
implicit none
integer :: n(4)
integer :: bulls=0, cows=0, tries=0
character(4) :: guess

call random_seed
call Gennum(n)
write(*,*) "I have selected a number made up of 4 digits (1-9) without repetitions."
write(*,*) "You attempt to guess this number."
write(*,*) "Every digit in your guess that is in the correct position scores 1 Bull"
write(*,*) "Every digit in your guess that is in an incorrect position scores 1 Cow"
write(*,*)

do while (bulls /= 4)
write(*,*) "Enter a 4 digit number"
read*, guess
if (verify(guess, "123456789") /= 0) then
write(*,*) "That is an invalid entry. Please try again."
cycle
end if
tries = tries + 1
call Score (n, guess, bulls, cows)
write(*, "(a, i1, a, i1, a)") "You scored ", bulls, " bulls and ", cows, " cows"
write(*,*)
end do

write(*,"(a,i0,a)") "Congratulations! You correctly guessed the correct number in ", tries, " attempts"

end program Bulls_and_Cows</lang>

=={{Header|FreeBASIC}}==
<lang>function get_digit( num as uinteger, ps as uinteger ) as uinteger
return (num mod 10^(ps+1))\10^ps
end function

function is_malformed( num as uinteger ) as boolean
if num > 9876 then return true
dim as uinteger i, j
for i = 0 to 2
for j = i+1 to 3
if get_digit( num, j ) = get_digit( num, i ) then return true
next j
next i
return false
end function

function make_number() as uinteger
dim as uinteger num = 0
while is_malformed(num)
num = int(rnd*9877)
wend
return num
end function

randomize timer

dim as uinteger count=0, num=make_number(), guess=0
dim as uinteger cows, bulls, i, j

while guess <> num
count += 1
do
print "Guess a number. "
input guess
loop while is_malformed(guess)
cows = 0
bulls = 0
for i = 0 to 3
for j = 0 to 3
if get_digit( num, i ) = get_digit( guess, j ) then
if i= j then bulls += 1
if i<>j then cows += 1
end if
next j
next i
print using "You scored # bulls and # cows."; bulls; cows
wend

print using "Correct. That took you ### guesses."; count</lang>

=={{header|Frink}}==
<lang frink>
// Bulls and Cows - Written in Frink
println["Welcome to Bulls and Cows!"]

// Put 4 random digits into target array
digits = array[1 to 9]
target = new array
for i = 0 to 3
{
target@i = digits.removeRandom[]
}

// Game variables
guessCount = 0
solved = 0

while solved == 0
{
// Round variables
bulls = 0
cows = 0

// Input guess from player
guess = input["Guess a 4 digit number with numbers 1 to 9: "]

// Valid Guess Tests. Set validGuess to 1. If any test fails it will be set to 0
validGuess = 1
// Test for exactly 4 digits
if length[guess] != 4
{
println["$guess is invalid. Your guess must be 4 digits."]
validGuess = 0
}
// Test for any characters not in 1 - 9 using regex
if guess =~ %r/[^1-9]/
{
println["$guess is invalid. Your guess can only contain the digits 1 through 9."]
validGuess = 0
}
// Check for duplicate digits in guess
comboCheck = 1
guessArr = charList[guess] // Split guess string into array of characters.
guessArrCombos = guessArr.combinations[2] // Divide the array into all possible 2 digits combinations.
for geussCombo = guessArrCombos
{
if geussCombo@0 == geussCombo@1 // If the two digits in the combinations are the same mark the comboCheck as failed.
comboCheck = 0
}
if comboCheck == 0
{
println["$guess is invalid. Each digit in your guess should be unique."]
validGuess = 0
}

// If all tests pass, continue with the game.
if validGuess == 1
{
guessCount = guessCount + 1
for i = 0 to 3
{
if parseInt[guessArr@i] == target@i // Convert guess from string to int. Frink imports all input as strings.
{
bulls = bulls + 1
next // If bull is found, skip the contains check.
}
if target.contains[parseInt[guessArr@i]]
{
cows = cows + 1
}
}
if bulls == 4
{
solved = 1 // Exit from While loop.
} else
{
// Print the results of the guess. Formatting for plurals.
bullsPlural = bulls == 1 ? "bull" : "bulls"
cowsPlural = cows == 1 ? "cow" : "cows"
println["Your guess of $guess had $bulls $bullsPlural and $cows $cowsPlural."]
}
}
}
guessPlural = guessCount == 1 ? "guess" : "guesses"
println["Congratulations! Your guess of $guess was correct! You solved this in $guessCount $guessPlural."]
</lang>
{{Out}}
<pre>
Welcome to Bulls and Cows!
Your guess of 1234 had 1 bull and 2 cows.
Your guess of 5678 had 0 bulls and 1 cow.
Your guess of 2345 had 0 bulls and 2 cows.
Your guess of 3261 had 1 bull and 2 cows.
Your guess of 4173 had 0 bulls and 3 cows.
Your guess of 8231 had 2 bulls and 0 cows.
Your guess of 7134 had 1 bull and 2 cows.
Your guess of 3461 had 2 bulls and 2 cows.
Congratulations! Your guess of 6431 was correct! You solved this in 9 guesses.
</pre>

=={{header|Go}}==
<lang go>package main

import (
"bufio"
"bytes"
"fmt"
"math/rand"
"os"
"strings"
"time"
)

func main() {
fmt.Println(`Cows and Bulls
Guess four digit number of unique digits in the range 1 to 9.
A correct digit but not in the correct place is a cow.
A correct digit in the correct place is a bull.`)
// generate pattern
pat := make([]byte, 4)
rand.Seed(time.Now().Unix())
r := rand.Perm(9)
for i := range pat {
pat[i] = '1' + byte(r[i])
}

// accept and score guesses
valid := []byte("123456789")
guess:
for in := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin); ; {
fmt.Print("Guess: ")
guess, err := in.ReadString('\n')
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("\nSo, bye.")
return
}
guess = strings.TrimSpace(guess)
if len(guess) != 4 {
// malformed: not four characters
fmt.Println("Please guess a four digit number.")
continue
}
var cows, bulls int
for ig, cg := range guess {
if strings.IndexRune(guess[:ig], cg) >= 0 {
// malformed: repeated digit
fmt.Printf("Repeated digit: %c\n", cg)
continue guess
}
switch bytes.IndexByte(pat, byte(cg)) {
case -1:
if bytes.IndexByte(valid, byte(cg)) == -1 {
// malformed: not a digit
fmt.Printf("Invalid digit: %c\n", cg)
continue guess
}
default: // I just think cows should go first
cows++
case ig:
bulls++
}
}
fmt.Printf("Cows: %d, bulls: %d\n", cows, bulls)
if bulls == 4 {
fmt.Println("You got it.")
return
}
}
}</lang>

=={{header|Golo}}==
<lang golo>#!/usr/bin/env golosh
----
This module is the Bulls and Cows game.
----
module Bullsandcows

import gololang.Decorators
import gololang.Functions
import gololang.IO
import java.util

function main = |args| {
while true {
let secret = create4RandomNumbers()
println("Welcome to Bulls And Cows")
while true {
println("Please enter a 4 digit number")
println("(with only the digits 1 to 9 and no repeated digits, for example 2537)")
let guess = readln("guess: ")
let result = validateGuess(guess)
if result: isValid() {
let bulls, cows = bullsAndOrCows(result: digits(), secret)
if bulls is 4 {
println("You win!")
break
}
println("bulls: " + bulls)
println("cows: " + cows)
} else {
println(result: message())
}
}
}
}

function create4RandomNumbers = {
let numbers = vector[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
Collections.shuffle(numbers)
let shuffled = numbers: subList(0, 4)
return shuffled
}

union Result = {
Valid = { digits }
Invalid = { message }
}

@checkArguments(isString())
function validateGuess = |guess| {
var digits = []
try {
let number = guess: toInt()
digits = number: digits()
if digits: exists(|d| -> d is 0) {
return Result.Invalid("No zeroes please")
}
if digits: size() isnt 4 {
return Result.Invalid("Four digits please")
}
let digitSet = set[ digit foreach digit in digits ]
if digitSet: size() < digits: size() {
return Result.Invalid("No duplicate numbers please")
}
} catch(e) {
return Result.Invalid("Numbers only please")
}
return Result.Valid(digits)
}

let is4Vector = |arg| -> arg oftype java.util.List.class and arg: size() is 4

@checkArguments(is4Vector, is4Vector)
function bullsAndOrCows = |guess, secret| {
var bulls = 0
var cows = 0
foreach i in [0..4] {
let guessNum = guess: get(i)
let secretNum = secret: get(i)
if guessNum is secretNum {
bulls = bulls + 1
} else if secret: exists(|num| -> guessNum is num) {
cows = cows + 1
}
}
return [bulls, cows]
}

augment java.lang.Integer {

function digits = |this| {
var remaining = this
let digits = vector[]
while remaining > 0 {
digits: prepend(remaining % 10)
remaining = remaining / 10
}
return digits
}
}
</lang>

=={{header|Haskell}}==
<lang haskell>import Data.List (partition, intersect, nub)
import Control.Monad
import System.Random (StdGen, getStdRandom, randomR)
import Text.Printf

numberOfDigits = 4 :: Int

main = bullsAndCows

bullsAndCows :: IO ()
bullsAndCows = do
digits <- getStdRandom $ pick numberOfDigits ['1' .. '9']
putStrLn "Guess away!"
loop digits

where loop digits = do
input <- getLine
if okay input
then
let (bulls, cows) = score digits input in
if bulls == numberOfDigits then
putStrLn "You win!"
else do
printf "%d bulls, %d cows.\n" bulls cows
loop digits
else do
putStrLn "Malformed guess; try again."
loop digits

okay :: String -> Bool
okay input =
length input == numberOfDigits &&
input == nub input &&
all legalchar input
where legalchar c = '1' <= c && c <= '9'

score :: String -> String -> (Int, Int)
score secret guess = (length bulls, cows)
where (bulls, nonbulls) = partition (uncurry (==)) $
zip secret guess
cows = length $ uncurry intersect $ unzip nonbulls

pick :: Int -> [a] -> StdGen -> ([a], StdGen)
{- Randomly selects items from a list without replacement. -}
pick n l g = f n l g (length l - 1) []
where f 0 _ g _ ps = (ps, g)
f n l g max ps =
f (n - 1) (left ++ right) g' (max - 1) (picked : ps)
where (i, g') = randomR (0, max) g
(left, picked : right) = splitAt i l</lang>

=={{header|Hy}}==

<lang lisp>(import random)

(def +size+ 4)
(def +digits+ "123456789")
(def +secret+ (random.sample +digits+ +size+))

(while True
(while True
(setv guess (list (distinct (raw-input "Enter a guess: "))))
(when (and
(= (len guess) +size+)
(all (map (fn [c] (in c +digits+)) guess)))
(break))
(print "Malformed guess; try again"))
(setv bulls 0)
(setv cows 0)
(for [i (range +size+)] (cond
[(= (get guess i) (get +secret+ i)) (setv bulls (inc bulls))]
[(in (get guess i) +secret+) (setv cows (inc cows))]))
(when (= bulls +size+)
(break))
(print (.format "{} bull{}, {} cows"
bulls (if (= bulls 1) "" "s")
cows (if (= cows 1) "" "s"))))
(print "A winner is you!")</lang>

=={{header|Icon}} and {{header|Unicon}}==

The following works in both Icon and Unicon.

<lang Unicon>procedure main()
digits := "123456789"
every !digits :=: ?digits
num := digits[1+:4]
repeat if score(num, getGuess(num)) then break
write("Good job.")
end

procedure getGuess(num)
repeat {
writes("Enter a guess: ")
guess := read() | stop("Quitter!")
if *(guess ** '123456789') == *num then return guess
write("Malformed guess: ",guess,". Try again.")
}
end

procedure score(num, guess)
bulls := 0
cows := *(num ** guess)
every (num[i := 1 to *num] == guess[i], bulls +:= 1, cows -:= 1)
write("\t",bulls," bulls and ",cows," cows")
return (bulls = *num)
end</lang>

=={{header|J}}==
<lang j>require 'misc'
plural=: conjunction define
(":m),' ',n,'s'#~1~:m
)
bullcow=:monad define
number=. 1+4?9
whilst. -.guess-:number do.
guess=. 0 "."0 prompt 'Guess my number: '
if. (4~:#guess)+.(4~:#~.guess)+.0 e.guess e.1+i.9 do.
if. 0=#guess do.
smoutput 'Giving up.'
return.
end.
smoutput 'Guesses must be four different non-zero digits'
continue.
end.
bulls=. +/guess=number
cows=. (+/guess e.number)-bulls
smoutput bulls plural 'bull',' and ',cows plural 'cow','.'
end.
smoutput 'you win'
)</lang>

For example:

<lang j> bullcow''
Guess my number: 1234
0 bulls and 1 cow.
Guess my number: 5678
3 bulls and 0 cows.
Guess my number: 2349
0 bulls and 0 cows.
Guess my number: 1567
0 bulls and 3 cows.
Guess my number: 6178
3 bulls and 0 cows.
Guess my number: 6157
1 bull and 2 cows.
Guess my number: 5178
4 bulls and 0 cows.
you win</lang>

=={{header|Java}}==
<lang java5>import java.util.InputMismatchException;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class BullsAndCows{
public static void main(String[] args){
Random gen= new Random();
int target= 0;
while(hasDupes(target= (gen.nextInt(9000) + 1000)));
String targetStr = target +"";
boolean guessed = false;
Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
int guesses = 0;
do{
int bulls = 0;
int cows = 0;
System.out.print("Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: ");
int guess;
try{
guess = input.nextInt();
if(hasDupes(guess) || guess < 1000) continue;
}catch(InputMismatchException e){
continue;
}
guesses++;
String guessStr = guess + "";
for(int i= 0;i < 4;i++){
if(guessStr.charAt(i) == targetStr.charAt(i)){
bulls++;
}else if(targetStr.contains(guessStr.charAt(i)+"")){
cows++;
}
}
if(bulls == 4){
guessed = true;
}else{
System.out.println(cows+" Cows and "+bulls+" Bulls.");
}
}while(!guessed);
System.out.println("You won after "+guesses+" guesses!");
}

public static boolean hasDupes(int num){
boolean[] digs = new boolean[10];
while(num > 0){
if(digs[num%10]) return true;
digs[num%10] = true;
num/= 10;
}
return false;
}
}</lang>
Output:
<pre>Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: 5834
2 Cows and 0 Bulls.
Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: 1234
1 Cows and 0 Bulls.
Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: 4321
1 Cows and 0 Bulls.
Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: 3421
0 Cows and 1 Bulls.
Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: 8412
0 Cows and 0 Bulls.
Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: 3560
1 Cows and 1 Bulls.
Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: 3650
0 Cows and 2 Bulls.
Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: 3759
2 Cows and 2 Bulls.
Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: 3975
2 Cows and 2 Bulls.
Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: 3957
You won after 10 guesses!</pre>

=={{header|JavaScript}}==
=== Spidermonkey version ===
<lang javascript>#!/usr/bin/env js

function main() {
var len = 4;
playBullsAndCows(len);
}

function playBullsAndCows(len) {
var num = pickNum(len);
// print('The secret number is:\n ' + num.join('\n '));
showInstructions(len);
var nGuesses = 0;
while (true) {
nGuesses++;
var guess = getGuess(nGuesses, len);
var census = countBovine(num, guess);
showScore(census.bulls, census.cows);
if (census.bulls == len) {
showFinalResult(nGuesses);
return;
}
}
}

function showScore(nBulls, nCows) {
print(' Bulls: ' + nBulls + ', cows: ' + nCows);
}

function showFinalResult(guesses) {
print('You win!!! Guesses needed: ' + guesses);
}

function countBovine(num, guess) {
var count = {bulls:0, cows:0};
var g = guess.join('');
for (var i = 0; i < num.length; i++) {
var digPresent = g.search(num[i]) != -1;
if (num[i] == guess[i]) count.bulls++;
else if (digPresent) count.cows++;
}
return count;
}

function getGuess(nGuesses, len) {
while (true) {
putstr('Your guess #' + nGuesses + ': ');
var guess = readline();
guess = String(parseInt(guess)).split('');
if (guess.length != len) {
print(' You must enter a ' + len + ' digit number.');
continue;
}
if (hasDups(guess)) {
print(' No digits can be duplicated.');
continue;
}
return guess;
}
}

function hasDups(ary) {
var t = ary.concat().sort();
for (var i = 1; i < t.length; i++) {
if (t[i] == t[i-1]) return true;
}
return false;
}

function showInstructions(len) {
print();
print('Bulls and Cows Game');
print('-------------------');
print(' You must guess the ' + len + ' digit number I am thinking of.');
print(' The number is composed of the digits 1-9.');
print(' No digit appears more than once.');
print(' After each of your guesses, I will tell you:');
print(' The number of bulls (digits in right place)');
print(' The number of cows (correct digits, but in the wrong place)');
print();
}

function pickNum(len) {
var nums = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9];
nums.sort(function(){return Math.random() - 0.5});
return nums.slice(0, len);
}

main();
</lang>

Example game (cheating!):

Bulls and Cows Game
-------------------
You must guess the 4 digit number I am thinking of.
The number is composed of the digits 1-9.
No digit appears more than once.
After each of your guesses, I will tell you:
The number of bulls (digits in right place)
The number of cows (correct digits, but in wrong place)
Your guess #1: 1234
Bulls: 0, cows: 2
Your guess #2: 5678
Bulls: 1, cows: 1
Your guess #3: 3167
Bulls: 0, cows: 3
Your guess #4: 9123
Bulls: 1, cows: 1
Your guess #5: 5137
Bulls: 1, cows: 3
Your guess #6: 5317
Bulls: 2, cows: 2
Your guess #7: 5731
Bulls: 2, cows: 2
Your guess #8: 5713
Bulls: 4, cows: 0
You win! Guesses needed: 8

=={{header|Julia}}==
<lang julia>function cowsbulls()
print("Welcome to Cows & Bulls! I've picked a number with unique digits between 1 and 9, go ahead and type your guess.\n
You get one bull for every right number in the right position.\n
You get one cow for every right number, but in the wrong position.\n
Enter 'n' to pick a new number and 'q' to quit.\n>")
function new_number()
s = [1:9]
n = ""
for i = 9:-1:6
n *= string(delete!(s,rand(1:i)))
end
return n
end
answer = new_number()
while true
input = chomp(readline(STDIN))
input == "q" && break
if input == "n"
answer = new_number()
print("\nI've picked a new number, go ahead and guess\n>")
continue
end
!ismatch(r"^[1-9]{4}$",input) && (print("Invalid guess: Please enter a 4-digit number\n>"); continue)
if input == answer
print("\nYou're right! Good guessing!\nEnter 'n' for a new number or 'q' to quit\n>")
else
bulls = sum(answer.data .== input.data)
cows = sum([answer[x] != input[x] && contains(input.data,answer[x]) for x = 1:4])
print("\nNot quite! Your guess is worth:\n$bulls Bulls\n$cows Cows\nPlease guess again\n\n>")
end
end
end</lang>
The following version checks thoroughly that the input of the player is constituted of four distincts digits.
<lang julia>function bullsandcows ()
bulls = cows = turns = 0
result = (s = [] ; while length(unique(s))<4 push!(s,rand('1':'9')) end; unique(s))
println("A game of bulls and cows!")
while (bulls != 4)
print("Your guess? ")
guess = collect(chomp(readline(STDIN)))
if ! (length(unique(guess)) == length(guess) == 4 && all(isdigit,guess))
println("please, enter four distincts digits")
continue
end
bulls = sum(map(==, guess, result))
cows = length(intersect(guess,result)) - bulls
println("$bulls bulls and $cows cows!") ; turns += 1
end
println("You win! You succeeded in $turns guesses.")
end</lang>
{{Out}}
<pre>julia> bullsandcows()
A game of bulls and cows!
Your guess? 1234
0 bulls and 2 cows!
Your guess? 12334
please, enter four distincts digits
Your guess? 5678
1 bulls and 1 cows!
Your guess? 1111
please, enter four distincts digits
Your guess? grr
please, enter four distincts digits
Your guess? ...
please, enter four distincts digits
Your guess? </pre>

=={{header|Kotlin}}==
<lang scala>// version 1.1.2

import java.util.Random

const val MAX_GUESSES = 20 // say

fun main(args: Array<String>) {
val r = Random()
var num: String
// generate a 4 digit random number from 1234 to 9876 with no zeros or repeated digits
do {
num = (1234 + r.nextInt(8643)).toString()
} while ('0' in num || num.toSet().size < 4)

println("All guesses should have exactly 4 distinct digits excluding zero.")
println("Keep guessing until you guess the chosen number (maximum $MAX_GUESSES valid guesses).\n")
var guesses = 0
while (true) {
print("Enter your guess : ")
val guess = readLine()!!
if (guess == num) {
println("You've won with ${++guesses} valid guesses!")
return
}
val n = guess.toIntOrNull()
if (n == null)
println("Not a valid number")
else if ('-' in guess || '+' in guess)
println("Can't contain a sign")
else if ('0' in guess)
println("Can't contain zero")
else if (guess.length != 4)
println("Must have exactly 4 digits")
else if (guess.toSet().size < 4)
println("All digits must be distinct")
else {
var bulls = 0
var cows = 0
for ((i, c) in guess.withIndex()) {
if (num[i] == c) bulls++
else if (c in num) cows++
}
println("Your score for this guess: Bulls = $bulls Cows = $cows")
guesses++
if (guesses == MAX_GUESSES)
println("You've now had $guesses valid guesses, the maximum allowed")
}
}
}</lang>
Sample input/output:
{{out}}
<pre>
Enter your guess : 1234
Your score for this guess: Bulls = 0 Cows = 2
Enter your guess : 1256
Your score for this guess: Bulls = 0 Cows = 2
Enter your guess : 2178
Your score for this guess: Bulls = 1 Cows = 0
Enter your guess : 2519
Your score for this guess: Bulls = 3 Cows = 0
Enter your guess : 2569
Your score for this guess: Bulls = 3 Cows = 0
Enter your guess : 2579
Your score for this guess: Bulls = 3 Cows = 0
Enter your guess : 2589
Your score for this guess: Bulls = 3 Cows = 0
Enter your guess : 2539
Your score for this guess: Bulls = 3 Cows = 0
Enter your guess : 2549
You've won with 9 valid guesses!
</pre>

=={{header|Lasso}}==
This game uses an HTML form to submit the answer. The random number and history are stored in a session using Lasso's built in session management.
<lang Lasso>[
define randomizer() => {
local(n = string)
while(#n->size < 4) => {
local(r = integer_random(1,9)->asString)
#n !>> #r ? #n->append(#r)
}
return #n
}
define cowbullchecker(n::string,a::string) => {
integer(#n) == integer(#a) ? return (:true,map('cows'=0,'bulls'=4,'choice'=#a))
local(cowbull = map('cows'=0,'bulls'=0,'choice'=#a),'checked' = array)
loop(4) => {
if(#checked !>> integer(#a->values->get(loop_count))) => {
#checked->insert(integer(#a->values->get(loop_count)))
if(integer(#n->values->get(loop_count)) == integer(#a->values->get(loop_count))) => {
#cowbull->find('bulls') += 1
else(#n->values >> #a->values->get(loop_count))
#cowbull->find('cows') += 1
}
}
}
#cowbull->find('bulls') == 4 ? return (:true,map('cows'=0,'bulls'=4,'choice'=#a))
return (:true,#cowbull)
}
session_start('user')
session_addvar('user', 'num')
session_addvar('user', 'historic_choices')
// set up rand
var(num)->isNotA(::string) ? var(num = randomizer)
var(historic_choices)->isNotA(::array) ? var(historic_choices = array)
local(success = false)
// check answer
if(web_request->param('a')->asString->size) => {
local(success,result) = cowbullchecker($num,web_request->param('a')->asString)
$historic_choices->insert(#result)
}
if(web_request->params->asStaticArray >> 'restart') => {
$num = randomizer
$historic_choices = array
}
]
]
print color.green "** Well done! You made the right guess!!"</lang>
<h1>Bulls and Cows</h1>
<p>Guess the 4-digit number...</p>
<p>Your win if the guess is the same as the randomly chosen number.<br>
- A score of one bull is accumulated for each digit in your guess that equals the corresponding digit in the randomly chosen initial number.<br>
- A score of one cow is accumulated for each digit in your guess that also appears in the randomly chosen number, but in the wrong position.
</p>
[
local(win = false)
if($historic_choices->size) => {
with c in $historic_choices do => {^
'<p>'+#c->find('choice')+': Bulls: '+#c->find('bulls')+', Cows: '+#c->find('cows')
if(#c->find('bulls') == 4) => {^
' - YOU WIN!'
#win = true
^}
'</p>'
^}
}
if(not #win) => {^
]
<form action="?" method="post">
<input name="a" value="[web_request->param('a')->asString]" size="5">
<input type="submit" name="guess">
<a href="?restart">Restart</a>
</form>
[else
'<a href="?restart">Restart</a>'
^}]
</lang>

{{out}}
Game in progress:
<pre>Bulls and Cows

Guess the 4-digit number...

Your win if the guess is the same as the randomly chosen number.
- A score of one bull is accumulated for each digit in your guess that equals the corresponding digit in the randomly chosen initial number.
- A score of one cow is accumulated for each digit in your guess that also appears in the randomly chosen number, but in the wrong position.

4567: Bulls: 0, Cows: 1
4567: Bulls: 0, Cows: 1

(input box) (submit button) Restart</pre>

{{out}}
Game in to completion:
<pre>Bulls and Cows

Guess the 4-digit number...

Your win if the guess is the same as the randomly chosen number.
- A score of one bull is accumulated for each digit in your guess that equals the corresponding digit in the randomly chosen initial number.
- A score of one cow is accumulated for each digit in your guess that also appears in the randomly chosen number, but in the wrong position.

1234: Bulls: 0, Cows: 2
1256: Bulls: 0, Cows: 1
1789: Bulls: 0, Cows: 1
1222: Bulls: 0, Cows: 0
3456: Bulls: 1, Cows: 2
3564: Bulls: 0, Cows: 3
3567: Bulls: 0, Cows: 2
8564: Bulls: 0, Cows: 2
3564: Bulls: 0, Cows: 3
4365: Bulls: 0, Cows: 3
5436: Bulls: 2, Cows: 1
5478: Bulls: 2, Cows: 0
5463: Bulls: 3, Cows: 0
5468: Bulls: 2, Cows: 0
5493: Bulls: 4, Cows: 0 - YOU WIN!
Restart</pre>

=={{header|Liberty BASIC}}==
<lang lb>

do while len( secret$) <4
c$ =chr$( int( rnd( 1) *9) +49)
if not( instr( secret$, c$)) then secret$ =secret$ +c$
loop

print " Secret number has been guessed.... "; secret$

guesses = 0

[loop]
print " Your guess ";
input " "; guess$

guesses = guesses +1

r$ =score$( guess$, secret$)

bulls =val( word$( r$, 1, ","))
cows =val( word$( r$, 2, ","))

print " Result: "; bulls; " bulls, and "; cows; " cows"
print

if guess$ =secret$ then
print " You won after "; guesses; " guesses!"
print " You guessed it in "; guesses
print " Thanks for playing!"
wait
end if

goto [loop]

end ' _____________________________________________________________

function check( i$) ' check =0 if no digit repeats, else =1
check =0
for i =1 to 3
for j =i +1 to 4
if mid$( i$, i, 1) =mid$( i$, j, 1) then check =1
next j
next i
end function

function score$( a$, b$) ' return as a csv string the number of bulls & cows.
bulls = 0: cows = 0
for i = 1 to 4
c$ = mid$( a$, i, 1)
if mid$( b$, i, 1) = c$ then
bulls = bulls + 1
else
if instr( b$, c$) <>0 and instr( b$, c$) <>i then
cows = cows + 1
end if
end if
next i
score$ =str$( bulls); ","; str$( cows)
end function

[quit]
close #w
end
</lang>

=={{header|Logo}}==
{{works with|UCB Logo}}
<lang logo>to ok? :n
output (and [number? :n] [4 = count :n] [4 = count remdup :n] [not member? 0 :n])
end

to init
do.until [make "hidden random 10000] [ok? :hidden]
end

to guess :n
if not ok? :n [print [Bad guess! (4 unique digits, 1-9)] stop]
localmake "bulls 0
localmake "cows 0
foreach :n [cond [
[[? = item # :hidden] make "bulls 1 + :bulls]
[[member? ? :hidden] make "cows 1 + :cows ]
]]
(print :bulls "bulls, :cows "cows)
if :bulls = 4 [print [You guessed it!]]
end</lang>

=={{header|Lua}}==
<lang Lua>function ShuffleArray(array)
for i=1,#array-1 do
local t = math.random(i, #array)
array[i], array[t] = array[t], array[i]
end
end

function GenerateNumber()
local digits = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}

ShuffleArray(digits)

return digits[1] * 1000 +
digits[2] * 100 +
digits[3] * 10 +
digits[4]
end

function IsMalformed(input)
local malformed = false

if #input == 4 then
local already_used = {}
for i=1,4 do
local digit = input:byte(i) - string.byte('0')
if digit < 1 or digit > 9 or already_used[digit] then
malformed = true
break
end
already_used[digit] = true
end
else
malformed = true
end

return malformed
end

math.randomseed(os.time())
math.randomseed(math.random(2^31-1)) -- since os.time() only returns seconds

print("\nWelcome to Bulls and Cows!")
print("")
print("The object of this game is to guess the random 4-digit number that the")
print("computer has chosen. The number is generated using only the digits 1-9,")
print("with no repeated digits. Each time you enter a guess, you will score one")
print("\"bull\" for each digit in your guess that matches the corresponding digit")
print("in the computer-generated number, and you will score one \"cow\" for each")
print("digit in your guess that appears in the computer-generated number, but is")
print("in the wrong position. Use this information to refine your guesses. When")
print("you guess the correct number, you win.");
print("")

quit = false

repeat
magic_number = GenerateNumber()
magic_string = tostring(magic_number) -- Easier to do scoring with a string
repeat
io.write("\nEnter your guess (or 'Q' to quit): ")
user_input = io.read()
if user_input == 'Q' or user_input == 'q' then
quit = true
break
end

if not IsMalformed(user_input) then
if user_input == magic_string then
print("YOU WIN!!!")
else
local bulls, cows = 0, 0
for i=1,#user_input do
local find_result = magic_string:find(user_input:sub(i,i))

if find_result and find_result == i then
bulls = bulls + 1
elseif find_result then
cows = cows + 1
end
end
print(string.format("You scored %d bulls, %d cows", bulls, cows))
end
else
print("Malformed input. You must enter a 4-digit number with")
print("no repeated digits, using only the digits 1-9.")
end

until user_input == magic_string

if not quit then
io.write("\nPress <Enter> to play again or 'Q' to quit: ")
user_input = io.read()
if user_input == 'Q' or user_input == 'q' then
quit = true
end
end

if quit then
print("\nGoodbye!")
end
until quit</lang>

=={{header|M2000 Interpreter}}==
<lang M2000 Interpreter>
Module Game {
Malformed=lambda (a$)->{
=true
if len(a$)<>4 then exit
n=0 : dummy=val(a$,"int",n)
if n<>5 or dummy=0 then exit
for i=1 to 9
if len(filter$(a$,str$(i,0)))<3 then break
next i
=false
}
BullsAndCows$=lambda$ (a$, b$, &ok) ->{
Def b, c
for i=1 to 4
if mid$(a$,i,1)=mid$(b$,i,1) then
b++
else.if instr(b$,mid$(a$,i,1))>0 then
c++
end if
next i
ok=b=4
=format$("bulls {0}, cows {1}", b, c)
}
Random$=lambda$ ->{
def repl$, bank$, c$
bank$="123456789"
for i=1 to 4
c$=mid$(bank$,random(1,len(bank$)),1)
bank$=filter$(bank$, c$)
repl$+=c$
next i
=repl$
}
target$=Random$()
def boolean win=false, a$
do
do
Input "Next guess ";a%
a$=str$(a%,0)
if Malformed(a$) then Print "Malformed input, try again" else exit
always
Print BullsAndCows$(a$, target$, &win)
if win then exit
Print "Bad guess! (4 unique digits, 1-9)"
always
Print "You guess it"
}
Game
</lang>

=={{header|Maple}}==
<lang maple>BC := proc(n) #where n is the number of turns the user wishes to play before they quit
local target, win, numGuesses, guess, bulls, cows, i, err;
target := [0, 0, 0, 0]:
randomize(); #This is a command that makes sure that the numbers are truly randomized each time, otherwise your first time will always give the same result.
while member(0, target) or numelems({op(target)}) < 4 do #loop continues to generate random numbers until you get one with no repeating digits or 0s
target := [seq(parse(i), i in convert(rand(1234..9876)(), string))]: #a list of random numbers
end do:

win := false:
numGuesses := 0:
while win = false and numGuesses < n do #loop allows the user to play until they win or until a set amount of turns have passed
err := true;
while err do #loop asks for values until user enters a valid number
printf("Please enter a 4 digit integer with no repeating digits\n");
try#catches any errors in user input
guess := [seq(parse(i), i in readline())];
if hastype(guess, 'Not(numeric)', 'exclude_container') then
printf("Postive integers only! Please guess again.\n\n");
elif numelems(guess) <> 4 then
printf("4 digit numbers only! Please guess again.\n\n");
elif numelems({op(guess)}) < 4 then
printf("No repeating digits! Please guess again.\n\n");
elif member(0, guess) then
printf("No 0s! Please guess again.\n\n");
else
err := false;
end if;
catch:
printf("Invalid input. Please guess again.\n\n");
end try;
end do:
numGuesses := numGuesses + 1;
printf("Guess %a: %a\n", numGuesses, guess);
bulls := 0;
cows := 0;
for i to 4 do #loop checks for bulls and cows in the user's guess
if target[i] = guess[i] then
bulls := bulls + 1;
elif member(target[i], guess) then
cows := cows + 1;
end if;
end do;
if bulls = 4 then
win := true;
printf("The number was %a.\n", target);
printf(StringTools[FormatMessage]("You won with %1 %{1|guesses|guess|guesses}.", numGuesses));
else
printf(StringTools[FormatMessage]("%1 %{1|Cows|Cow|Cows}, %2 %{2|Bulls|Bull|Bulls}.\n\n", cows, bulls));
end if;
end do:
if win = false and numGuesses >= n then
printf("You lost! The number was %a.\n", target);
end if;
return NULL;
end proc:</lang>
{{out}}
<pre>
Please enter a 4 digit integer with no repeating digits
Guess 1: [1, 2, 3, 4]
1 Cow, 1 Bull.

Please enter a 4 digit integer with no repeating digits
Guess 2: [2, 3, 4, 5]
0 Cows, 1 Bull.

...
</pre>

=={{header|Mathematica}}==
<lang Mathematica>
digits=Last@FixedPointList[If[Length@Union@#==4,#,Table[Random[Integer,{1,9}],{4}]]&,{}]
codes=ToCharacterCode[StringJoin[ToString/@digits]];
Module[{r,bulls,cows},
While[True,
r=InputString[];
If[r===$Canceled,Break[],
With[{userCodes=ToCharacterCode@r},
If[userCodes===codes,Print[r<>": You got it!"];Break[],
If[Length@userCodes==Length@codes,
bulls=Count[userCodes-codes,0];cows=Length@Intersection[codes,userCodes]-bulls;
Print[r<>": "<>ToString[bulls]<>"bull(s), "<>ToString@cows<>"cow(s)."],
Print["Guess four digits."]]]]]]]
</lang>
Output:
<pre>
{8, 2, 6, 1}
3432: 0 bull(s), 1 cow(s).
Illegal input.
8261: You got it!
</pre>

=={{header|MATLAB}}==
<lang MATLAB>function BullsAndCows
% Plays the game Bulls and Cows as the "game master"
% Create a secret number
nDigits = 4;
lowVal = 1;
highVal = 9;
digitList = lowVal:highVal;
secret = zeros(1, 4);
for k = 1:nDigits
idx = randi(length(digitList));
secret(k) = digitList(idx);
digitList(idx) = [];
end
% Give game information
fprintf('Welcome to Bulls and Cows!\n')
fprintf('Try to guess the %d-digit number (no repeated digits).\n', nDigits)
fprintf('Digits are between %d and %d (inclusive).\n', lowVal, highVal)
fprintf('Score: 1 Bull per correct digit in correct place.\n')
fprintf(' 1 Cow per correct digit in incorrect place.\n')
fprintf('The number has been chosen. Now it''s your moooooove!\n')
gs = input('Guess: ', 's');
% Loop until user guesses right or quits (no guess)
nGuesses = 1;
while gs
gn = str2double(gs);
if isnan(gn) || length(gn) > 1 % Not a scalar
fprintf('Malformed guess. Keep to valid scalars.\n')
gs = input('Try again: ', 's');
else
g = sprintf('%d', gn) - '0';
if length(g) ~= nDigits || any(g < lowVal) || any(g > highVal) || ...
length(unique(g)) ~= nDigits % Invalid number for game
fprintf('Malformed guess. Remember:\n')
fprintf(' %d digits\n', nDigits)
fprintf(' Between %d and %d inclusive\n', lowVal, highVal)
fprintf(' No repeated digits\n')
gs = input('Try again: ', 's');
else
score = CountBullsCows(g, secret);
if score(1) == nDigits
fprintf('You win! Bully for you! Only %d guesses.\n', nGuesses)
gs = '';
else
fprintf('Score: %d Bulls, %d Cows\n', score)
gs = input('Guess: ', 's');
end
end
end
nGuesses = nGuesses+1; % Counts malformed guesses
end
end

function score = CountBullsCows(guess, correct)
% Checks the guessed array of digits against the correct array to find the score
% Assumes arrays of same length and valid numbers
bulls = guess == correct;
cows = ismember(guess(~bulls), correct);
score = [sum(bulls) sum(cows)];
end</lang>
{{out}}
<pre>Welcome to Bulls and Cows!
Try to guess the 4-digit number (no repeated digits).
Digits are between 1 and 9 (inclusive).
Score: 1 Bull per correct digit in correct place.
1 Cow per correct digit in incorrect place.
The number has been chosen. Now it's your moooooove!
Guess: 1234
Score: 0 Bulls, 2 Cows
Guess: 2156
Score: 0 Bulls, 1 Cows
Guess: 7819
Score: 0 Bulls, 1 Cows
Guess: 3457
Score: 0 Bulls, 2 Cows
Guess: hello
Malformed guess. Keep to valid scalars.
Try again: 1123
Malformed guess. Remember:
4 digits
Between 1 and 9 inclusive
No repeated digits
Try again: 34567
Malformed guess. Remember:
4 digits
Between 1 and 9 inclusive
No repeated digits
Try again: 4368
You win! Bully for you! Only 8 guesses.</pre>

=={{header|MAXScript}}==
<lang MAXScript>
numCount = 4 -- number of digits to use

digits = #(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
num = ""
while num.count < numCount and digits.count > 0 do
(
local r = random 1 digits.count
append num (digits[r] as string)
deleteitem digits r
)
digits = undefined
numGuesses = 0
inf = "Rules: \n1. Choose only % unique digits in any combination"+\
" (0 can't be used).\n2. Only positive integers are allowed."+\
"\n3. For each digit that is in it's place, you get a bull,\n"+\
"\tand for each digit that is not in it's place, you get a cow."+\
"\n4. The game is won when your number matches the number I chose."+\
"\n\nPress [esc] to quit the game.\n\n"
clearlistener()
format inf num.count
while not keyboard.escpressed do
(
local userVal = getkbvalue prompt:"\nEnter your number: "
if (userVal as string) == num do
(
format "\nCorrect! The number is %. It took you % moves.\n" num numGuesses
exit with OK
)
local bulls = 0
local cows = 0
local badInput = false
case of
(
(classof userVal != integer):
(
format "\nThe number must be a positive integer.\n"
badInput = true
)
((userVal as string).count != num.count):
(
format "\nThe number must have % digits.\n" num.count
badInput = true
)
((makeuniquearray (for i in 1 to (userVal as string).count \
collect (userVal as string)[i])).count != (userVal as string).count):
(
format "\nThe number can only have unique digits.\n"
badInput = true
)
)
if not badInput do
(
userVal = userVal as string
i = 1
while i <= userVal.count do
(
for j = 1 to num.count do
(
if userVal[i] == num[j] do
(
if i == j then bulls += 1 else cows += 1
)
)
i += 1
)
numGuesses += 1
format "\nBulls: % Cows: %\n" bulls cows
)
)</lang>
{{out}}
<lang>
OK
Rules:
1. Choose only 4 unique digits in any combination (0 can't be used).
2. Only positive integers are allowed.
3. For each digit that is in it's place, you get a bull,
and for each digit that is not in it's place, you get a cow.
4. The game is won when your number matches the number I chose.

Press [esc] to quit the game.

OK

Enter your number: 2468
Bulls: 0 Cows: 2

Enter your number: 2448
The number can only have unique digits.

Enter your number: 1357
Bulls: 0 Cows: 1
</lang>

=={{header|MiniScript}}==
<lang MiniScript>secret = range(1,9)
secret.shuffle
secret = secret[:4].join("")

while true
guess = input("Your guess? ").split("")
if guess.len != 4 then
print "Please enter 4 numbers, with no spaces."
continue
end if
bulls = 0
cows = 0
for i in guess.indexes
if secret[i] == guess[i] then
bulls = bulls + 1
else if secret.indexOf(guess[i]) != null then
cows = cows + 1
end if
end for
if bulls == 4 then
print "You got it! Great job!"
break
end if
print "You score " + bulls + " bull" + "s"*(bulls!=1) +
" and " + cows + " cow" + "s"*(cows!=1) + "."
end while</lang>
{{out}}
<pre>Your guess? 2385
You score 0 bulls and 2 cows.
Your guess? 2323
You score 0 bulls and 2 cows.
Your guess? 2211
You score 2 bulls and 1 cow.
...
Your guess? 8542
You score 3 bulls and 0 cows.
Your guess? 8642
You got it! Great job!</pre>

=={{header|MUMPS}}==
<lang MUMPS>BullCow New bull,cow,guess,guessed,ii,number,pos,x
Set number="",x=1234567890
For ii=1:1:4 Do
. Set pos=$Random($Length(x))+1
. Set number=number_$Extract(x,pos)
. Set $Extract(x,pos)=""
. Quit
Write !,"The computer has selected a number that consists"
Write !,"of four different digits."
Write !!,"As you are guessing the number, ""bulls"" and ""cows"""
Write !,"will be awarded: a ""bull"" for each digit that is"
Write !,"placed in the correct position, and a ""cow"" for each"
Write !,"digit that occurs in the number, but in a different place.",!
Write !,"For a guess, enter 4 digits."
Write !,"Any other input is interpreted as ""I give up"".",!
Set guessed=0 For Do Quit:guessed
. Write !,"Your guess: " Read guess If guess'?4n Set guessed=-1 Quit
. Set (bull,cow)=0,x=guess
. For ii=4:-1:1 If $Extract(x,ii)=$Extract(number,ii) Do
. . Set bull=bull+1,$Extract(x,ii)=""
. . Quit
. For ii=1:1:$Length(x) Set:number[$Extract(x,ii) cow=cow+1
. Write !,"You guessed ",guess,". That earns you "
. If 'bull,'cow Write "neither bulls nor cows..." Quit
. If bull Write bull," bull" Write:bull>1 "s"
. If cow Write:bull " and " Write cow," cow" Write:cow>1 "s"
. Write "."
. If bull=4 Set guessed=1 Write !,"That's a perfect score."
. Quit
If guessed<0 Write !!,"The number was ",number,".",!
Quit
Do BullCow
The computer has selected a number that consists
of four different digits.
As you are guessing the number, "bulls" and "cows"
will be awarded: a "bull" for each digit that is
placed in the correct position, and a "cow" for each
digit that occurs in the number, but in a different place.
For a guess, enter 4 digits.
Any other input is interpreted as "I give up".
Your guess: 1234
You guessed 1234. That earns you 1 cow.
Your guess: 5678
You guessed 5678. That earns you 1 cow.
Your guess: 9815
You guessed 9815. That earns you 1 cow.
Your guess: 9824
You guessed 9824. That earns you 2 cows.
Your guess: 9037
You guessed 9037. That earns you 1 bull and 2 cows.
Your guess: 9048
You guessed 2789. That earns you 1 bull and 2 cows.
Your guess: 2079
You guessed 2079. That earns you 1 bull and 3 cows.
Your guess: 2709
You guessed 2709. That earns you 2 bulls and 2 cows.
Your guess: 0729
You guessed 0729. That earns you 4 cows.
Your guess: 2907
You guessed 2907. That earns you 4 bulls.
That's a perfect score.</lang>

=={{header|Nanoquery}}==
{{trans|Python}}
<lang Nanoquery>import Nanoquery.Util; random = new(Random)

// a function to verify the user's input
def verify_digits(input)
global size
seen = ""

if len(input) != size
return false
else
for char in input
if not char in "0123456789"
return false
else if char in seen
return false
end

seen += char
end
end

return true
end

size = 4
chosen = ""
while len(chosen) < size
digit = random.getInt(8) + 1

if not str(digit) in chosen
chosen += str(digit)
end
end

println "I have chosen a number from 4 unique digits from 1 to 9 arranged in a random order."
println "You need to input a 4 digit, unique digit number as a guess at what I have chosen."

guesses = 1
won = false
while !won
print "\nNext guess [" + str(guesses) + "]: "
guess = input()

if !verify_digits(guess)
println "Problem, try again. You need to enter 4 unique digits from 1 to 9"
else
if guess = chosen
won = true
else
bulls = 0
cows = 0
for i in range(0, size - 1)
if guess[i] = chosen[i]
bulls += 1
else if guess[i] in chosen
cows += 1
end
end

println format(" %d Bulls\n %d Cows", bulls, cows)
guesses += 1
end
end
end

println "\nCongratulations you guess correctly in " + guesses + " attempts"</lang>

{{out}}
<pre>I have chosen a number from 4 unique digits from 1 to 9 arranged in a random order.
You need to input a 4 digit, unique digit number as a guess at what I have chosen.

Next guess [1]: 1234
1 Bulls
2 Cows

Next guess [2]: 1324
0 Bulls
3 Cows

...

Next guess [10]: 2534
2 Bulls
2 Cows

Next guess [11]: 4532

Congratulations you guess correctly in 11 attempts</pre>

=={{header|Nim}}==
{{trans|Python}}
<lang nim>import random, strutils, strformat, sequtils
randomize()

const
Digits = "123456789"
DigitSet = {Digits[0]..Digits[^1]}
Size = 4

proc sample(s: string; n: Positive): string =
## Return a random sample of "n" characters extracted from string "s".
var s = s
s.shuffle()
result = s[0..<n]

proc plural(n: int): string =
if n > 1: "s" else: ""

let chosen = Digits.sample(Size)

echo &"I have chosen a number from {Size} unique digits from 1 to 9 arranged in a random order."
echo &"You need to input a {Size} digit, unique digit number as a guess at what I have chosen."

var guesses = 0
while true:
inc guesses
var guess = ""
while true:
stdout.write(&"\nNext guess {guesses}: ")
guess = stdin.readLine().strip()
if guess.len == Size and allCharsInSet(guess, DigitSet) and guess.deduplicate.len == Size:
break
echo &"Problem, try again. You need to enter {Size} unique digits from 1 to 9."
if guess == chosen:
echo &"\nCongratulations! You guessed correctly in {guesses} attempts."
break
var bulls, cows = 0
for i in 0..<Size:
if guess[i] == chosen[i]: inc bulls
elif guess[i] in chosen: inc cows
echo &" {bulls} Bull{plural(bulls)}\n {cows} Cow{plural(cows)}"</lang>

{{out}}
Sample output:
<pre>I have chosen a number from 4 unique digits from 1 to 9 arranged in a random order.
You need to input a 4 digit, unique digit number as a guess at what I have chosen.

Next guess 1: 1234
2 Bulls
0 Cow

Next guess 2: 1256
1 Bull
0 Cow

Next guess 3: 2378
1 Bull
3 Cows

Next guess 4: 7238

Congratulations! You guessed correctly in 4 attempts.</pre>

=={{header|OCaml}}==
<lang ocaml>let rec input () =
let s = read_line () in
try
if String.length s <> 4 then raise Exit;
String.iter (function
| '1'..'9' -> ()
| _ -> raise Exit
) s;
let t = [ s.[0]; s.[1]; s.[2]; s.[3] ] in
let _ = List.fold_left (* reject entry with duplication *)
(fun ac b -> if List.mem b ac then raise Exit; (b::ac))
[] t in
List.map (fun c -> int_of_string (String.make 1 c)) t
with Exit ->
prerr_endline "That is an invalid entry. Please try again.";
input ()
;;

let print_score g t =
let bull = ref 0 in
List.iter2 (fun x y ->
if x = y then incr bull
) g t;
let cow = ref 0 in
List.iter (fun x ->
if List.mem x t then incr cow
) g;
cow := !cow - !bull;
Printf.printf "%d bulls, %d cows\n%!" !bull !cow
;;

let () =
Random.self_init ();
let rec mkgoal acc = function 4 -> acc
| i ->
let n = succ(Random.int 9) in
if List.mem n acc
then mkgoal acc i
else mkgoal (n::acc) (succ i)
in
let g = mkgoal [] 0 in
let found = ref false in
while not !found do
let t = input () in
if t = g
then found := true
else print_score g t
done;
print_endline "Congratulations you guessed correctly";
;;</lang>

=={{header|Oforth}}==

<lang Oforth>: bullsAndCows
| numbers guess digits bulls cows |

ListBuffer new ->numbers
while(numbers size 4 <>) [ 9 rand dup numbers include ifFalse: [ numbers add ] else: [ drop ] ]

while(true) [
"Enter a number of 4 different digits between 1 and 9 : " print
System.Console askln ->digits
digits asInteger isNull digits size 4 <> or ifTrue: [ "Number of four digits needed" println continue ]
digits map(#asDigit) ->guess

guess numbers zipWith(#==) occurrences(true) ->bulls
bulls 4 == ifTrue: [ "You won !" println return ]

guess filter(#[numbers include]) size bulls - ->cows
System.Out "Bulls = " << bulls << ", cows = " << cows << cr
] ;</lang>

=={{header|ooRexx}}==
The solution at [[#Version_2|Rexx Version 2]] is a valid ooRexx program.

=={{header|Oz}}==
<lang oz>declare
proc {Main}
Solution = {PickNUnique 4 {List.number 1 9 1}}

proc {Loop}
Guess = {EnterGuess}
in
{System.showInfo
{Bulls Guess Solution}#" bulls and "#
{Cows Guess Solution}#" cows"}
if Guess \= Solution then {Loop} end
end
in
{Loop}
{System.showInfo "You have won!"}
end

fun {Bulls Xs Sol}
{Length {Filter {List.zip Xs Sol Value.'=='} Id}}
end

fun {Cows Xs Sol}
{Length {Intersection Xs Sol}}
end

local
class TextFile from Open.file Open.text end
StdIn = {New TextFile init(name:stdin)}
in
fun {EnterGuess}
try
{System.printInfo "Enter your guess (e.g. \"1234\"): "}
S = {StdIn getS($)}
in
%% verify
{Length S} = 4
{All S Char.isDigit} = true
{FD.distinct S} %% assert there is no duplicate digit
%% convert from digits to numbers
{Map S fun {$ D} D-&0 end}
catch _ then
{EnterGuess}
end
end
end

fun {PickNUnique N Xs}
{FoldL {MakeList N}
fun {$ Z _}
{Pick {Diff Xs Z}}|Z
end
nil}
end

fun {Pick Xs}
{Nth Xs {OS.rand} mod {Length Xs} + 1}
end

fun {Diff Xs Ys}
{FoldL Ys List.subtract Xs}
end

fun {Intersection Xs Ys}
{Filter Xs fun {$ X} {Member X Ys} end}
end
fun {Id X} X end
in
{Main}</lang>

=={{header|PARI/GP}}==
This simple implementation expects guesses in the form [a,b,c,d].
<lang parigp>bc()={
my(u,v,bulls,cows);
while(#vecsort(v=vector(4,i,random(9)+1),,8)<4,);
while(bulls<4,
u=input();
if(type(u)!="t_VEC"|#u!=4,next);
bulls=sum(i=1,4,u[i]==v[i]);
cows=sum(i=1,4,sum(j=1,4,i!=j&v[i]==u[j]));
print("You have "bulls" bulls and "cows" cows")
)
};</lang>

=={{header|Pascal}}==
<lang pascal>Program BullCow;

{$mode objFPC}

uses Math, SysUtils;

type
TFourDigit = array[1..4] of integer;

Procedure WriteFourDigit(fd: TFourDigit);
{ Write out a TFourDigit with no line break following. }
var
i: integer;
begin
for i := 1 to 4 do
begin
Write(fd[i]);
end;
end;
Function WellFormed(Tentative: TFourDigit): Boolean;
{ Does the TFourDigit avoid repeating digits? }
var
current, check: integer;
begin

Result := True;
for current := 1 to 4 do
begin
for check := current + 1 to 4 do
begin
if Tentative[check] = Tentative[current] then
begin
Result := False;
end;
end;
end;
end;

Function MakeNumber(): TFourDigit;
{ Make a random TFourDigit, keeping trying until it is well-formed. }
var
i: integer;
begin
for i := 1 to 4 do
begin
Result[i] := RandomRange(1, 9);
end;
if not WellFormed(Result) then
begin
Result := MakeNumber();
end;
end;

Function StrToFourDigit(s: string): TFourDigit;
{ Convert an (input) string to a TFourDigit. }
var
i: integer;
begin
for i := 1 to Length(s) do
begin
StrToFourDigit[i] := StrToInt(s[i]);
end;
end;

Function Wins(Num, Guess: TFourDigit): Boolean;
{ Does the guess win? }
var
i: integer;
begin
Result := True;
for i := 1 to 4 do
begin
if Num[i] <> Guess[i] then
begin
Result := False;
Exit;
end;
end;
end;

Function GuessScore(Num, Guess: TFourDigit): string;
{ Represent the score of the current guess as a string. }
var
i, j, bulls, cows: integer;
begin

bulls := 0;
cows := 0;

{ Count the cows and bulls. }
for i := 1 to 4 do
begin
for j := 1 to 4 do
begin
if (Num[i] = Guess[j]) then
begin
{ If the indices are the same, that would be a bull. }
if (i = j) then
begin
bulls := bulls + 1;
end
else
begin
cows := cows + 1;
end;
end;
end;
end;

{ Format the result as a sentence. }
Result := IntToStr(bulls) + ' bulls, ' + IntToStr(cows) + ' cows.';
end;

Function GetGuess(): TFourDigit;
{ Get a well-formed user-supplied TFourDigit guess. }
var
input: string;
begin

WriteLn('Enter a guess:');
ReadLn(input);

{ Must be 4 digits. }
if Length(input) = 4 then
begin
Result := StrToFourDigit(input);
if not WellFormed(Result) then
begin
WriteLn('Four unique digits, please.');
Result := GetGuess();
end;
end
else
begin
WriteLn('Please guess a four-digit number.');
Result := GetGuess();
end;
end;
var
Num, Guess: TFourDigit;
Turns: integer;
begin

{ Initialize the randymnity. }
Randomize();

{ Make the secred number. }
Num := MakeNumber();

WriteLn('I have a secret number. Guess it!');

Turns := 0;

{ Guess until the user gets it. }
While True do
begin

Guess := GetGuess();

{ Count each guess as a turn. }
Turns := Turns + 1;

{ If the user won, tell them and ditch. }
if Wins(Num, Guess) then
begin
WriteLn('You won in ' + IntToStr(Turns) + ' tries.');
Write('The number was ');
WriteFourDigit(Num);
WriteLn('!');
Exit;
end
else { Otherwise, score it and get a new guess. }
begin
WriteLn(GuessScore(Num, Guess));
end;
end;
end.
</lang>

=={{header|Perl}}==
<lang perl>use Data::Random qw(rand_set);
use List::MoreUtils qw(uniq);

my $size = 4;
my $chosen = join "", rand_set set => ["1".."9"], size => $size;

print "I've chosen a number from $size unique digits from 1 to 9; you need
to input $size unique digits to guess my number\n";

for ( my $guesses = 1; ; $guesses++ ) {
my $guess;
while (1) {
print "\nNext guess [$guesses]: ";
$guess = <STDIN>;
chomp $guess;
checkguess($guess) and last;
print "$size digits, no repetition, no 0... retry\n";
}
if ( $guess eq $chosen ) {
print "You did it in $guesses attempts!\n";
last;
}
my $bulls = 0;
my $cows = 0;
for my $i (0 .. $size-1) {
if ( substr($guess, $i, 1) eq substr($chosen, $i, 1) ) {
$bulls++;
} elsif ( index($chosen, substr($guess, $i, 1)) >= 0 ) {
$cows++;
}
}
print "$cows cows, $bulls bulls\n";
}

sub checkguess
{
my $g = shift;
return uniq(split //, $g) == $size && $g =~ /^[1-9]{$size}$/;
}</lang>

=={{header|Phix}}==
<lang Phix>constant N = 4
function mask(integer ch)
return power(2,ch-'1')
end function

function score(sequence guess, sequence goal)
integer bits = 0, bulls = 0, cows = 0, b
for i=1 to N do
b = goal[i]
if guess[i]=b then
bulls += 1
else
bits += mask(b)
end if
end for
for i=1 to N do
b = mask(guess[i])
if and_bits(bits,b)!=0 then
cows += 1
bits -= b
end if
end for
return {bulls, cows}
end function

procedure game()
sequence tgt = shuffle("123456789")[1..N]
integer attempt = 1, bulls = 0, cows
sequence guess
while bulls<N do
while 1 do
printf(1,"Enter a %d digit number using only the digits 1 to 9:",N)
guess = trim(gets(0))
if length(guess)=N then exit end if
if length(guess)=1 and lower(guess)="q" then
puts(1,"\nthe secret number was:"&tgt)
{} = wait_key()
abort(0)
end if
printf(1," - length is not %d (enter q to give up)\n",N)
end while
{bulls, cows} = score(guess,tgt)
printf(1," Guess %-2d (%s) bulls:%d cows:%d\n",{attempt,guess,bulls,cows})
attempt += 1
end while
puts(1,"Well done!\n")
end procedure
game()</lang>
{{out}}
<pre>
Enter a 4 digit number using only the digits 1 to 9:5739 Guess 1 (5739) bulls:0 cows:3
Enter a 4 digit number using only the digits 1 to 9:7193 Guess 2 (7193) bulls:2 cows:1
Enter a 4 digit number using only the digits 1 to 9:3495 Guess 3 (3495) bulls:0 cows:2
Enter a 4 digit number using only the digits 1 to 9:7983 Guess 4 (7983) bulls:3 cows:0
Enter a 4 digit number using only the digits 1 to 9:7963 Guess 5 (7963) bulls:3 cows:0
Enter a 4 digit number using only the digits 1 to 9:7923 Guess 6 (7923) bulls:4 cows:0
Well done!
</pre>

=={{header|PHP}}==
<lang php><?php
$size = 4;

$chosen = implode(array_rand(array_flip(range(1,9)), $size));

echo "I've chosen a number from $size unique digits from 1 to 9; you need
to input $size unique digits to guess my number\n";

for ($guesses = 1; ; $guesses++) {
while (true) {
echo "\nNext guess [$guesses]: ";
$guess = rtrim(fgets(STDIN));
if (!checkguess($guess))
echo "$size digits, no repetition, no 0... retry\n";
else
break;
}
if ($guess == $chosen) {
echo "You did it in $guesses attempts!\n";
break;
} else {
$bulls = 0;
$cows = 0;
foreach (range(0, $size-1) as $i) {
if ($guess[$i] == $chosen[$i])
$bulls++;
else if (strpos($chosen, $guess[$i]) !== FALSE)
$cows++;
}
echo "$cows cows, $bulls bulls\n";
}
}

function checkguess($g)
{
global $size;
return count(array_unique(str_split($g))) == $size &&
preg_match("/^[1-9]{{$size}}$/", $g);
}
?></lang>

=={{header|PicoLisp}}==
<lang lisp>(de ok? (N)
(let D (mapcar 'format (chop N))
(and (num? N)
(not (member 0 D))
(= 4 (length D))
(= D (uniq D))
D )) )

(de init-cows ()
(until (setq *Hidden (ok? (rand 1234 9876)))) )

(de guess (N)
(let D (ok? N)
(if D
(let Bulls (cnt '= D *Hidden)
(if (= 4 Bulls)
" You guessed it!"
(let Cows (- (cnt '((N) (member N *Hidden)) D) Bulls)
(pack Bulls " bulls, " Cows " cows") ) ) )
" Bad guess! (4 unique digits, 1-9)" ) ) )
</lang>

=={{header|PowerShell}}==
<lang PowerShell>
[int]$guesses = $bulls = $cows = 0
[string]$guess = "none"
[string]$digits = ""

while ($digits.Length -lt 4)
{
$character = [char](49..57 | Get-Random)

if ($digits.IndexOf($character) -eq -1) {$digits += $character}
}

Write-Host "`nGuess four digits (1-9) using no digit twice.`n" -ForegroundColor Cyan

while ($bulls -lt 4)
{
do
{
$prompt = "Guesses={0:0#}, Last='{1,4}', Bulls={2}, Cows={3}; Enter your guess" -f $guesses, $guess, $bulls, $cows
$guess = Read-Host $prompt

if ($guess.Length -ne 4) {Write-Host "`nMust be a four-digit number`n" -ForegroundColor Red}
if ($guess -notmatch "[1-9][1-9][1-9][1-9]") {Write-Host "`nMust be numbers 1-9`n" -ForegroundColor Red}
}
until ($guess.Length -eq 4)

$guesses += 1
$bulls = $cows = 0

for ($i = 0; $i -lt 4; $i++)
{
$character = $digits.Substring($i,1)

if ($guess.Substring($i,1) -eq $character)
{
$bulls += 1
}
else
{
if ($guess.IndexOf($character) -ge 0)
{
$cows += 1
}
}
}
}

Write-Host "`nYou won after $($guesses - 1) guesses." -ForegroundColor Cyan
</lang>
{{Out}}
<pre>
Guess four digits (1-9) using no digit twice.

Guesses=00, Last='none', Bulls=0, Cows=0; Enter your guess: 1234
Guesses=01, Last='1234', Bulls=0, Cows=3; Enter your guess: 2345
Guesses=02, Last='2345', Bulls=1, Cows=2; Enter your guess: 2346
Guesses=03, Last='2346', Bulls=1, Cows=1; Enter your guess: 2341
Guesses=04, Last='2341', Bulls=1, Cows=2; Enter your guess: 3241
Guesses=05, Last='3241', Bulls=0, Cows=3; Enter your guess: 4321
Guesses=06, Last='4321', Bulls=1, Cows=2; Enter your guess: 5321
Guesses=07, Last='5321', Bulls=2, Cows=2; Enter your guess: 5312

You won after 7 guesses.
</pre>

=={{header|Processing}}==
Produces both a console transcript and a GUI interface to the game.
Creates a new game each time the guess is correct; tracks number of games won.
<lang processing>IntDict score;
StringList choices;
StringList guess;
StringList secret;
int gamesWon = -1;

void setup() {
choices = new StringList("0", "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9");
newGame();
}

void newGame() {
gamesWon++;
choices.shuffle();
secret = new StringList();
for (int i=0; i<4; i++) { // selections
secret.append(choices.get(i));
}
newGuess();
println("\nsecret:", secret, "\n");
}

void newGuess() {
guess = new StringList();
score = null;
}

void draw() {
background(0);
text("Bulls & Cows " + gamesWon, 5, 20);
for (int i=0; i<guess.size(); i++) {
text(guess.get(i), 20*i+10, height/2);
}
if (score!=null) {
text("bulls:" + score.get("bulls") + " cows:" + score.get("cows"), 10, height-20);
}
}

void keyReleased() {
if (score!=null && score.get("bulls")==4) newGame();
if (guess.size()==secret.size()) newGuess();
if (guess.hasValue(str(key))) newGuess();
if (key>=48 && key<=57) guess.append(str(key));
if (guess.size()==secret.size()) {
score = checkScore(secret, guess);
println("guess: ", guess, "\n", score, "wins:", gamesWon);
}
}

IntDict checkScore(StringList secret, StringList guess) {
IntDict result = new IntDict();
result.set("bulls", 0);
result.set("cows", 0);
for (int i=0; i<guess.size(); i++) {
if (guess.get(i).equals(secret.get(i))) {
result.add("bulls", 1);
} else if (secret.hasValue(guess.get(i))) {
result.add("cows", 1);
}
}
return result;
}</lang>

=={{header|Prolog}}==
Works with SWI-Prolog 6.1.8 (for predicate '''foldl'''), module lambda, written by '''Ulrich Neumerkel''' found there http://www.complang.tuwien.ac.at/ulrich/Prolog-inedit/lambda.pl and module clpfd written by '''Markus Triska'''.
<lang Prolog>:- use_module(library(lambda)).
:- use_module(library(clpfd)).

% Parameters of the server

% length of the guess
proposition(4).

% Numbers of digits
% 0 -> 8
digits(8).


bulls_and_cows_server :-
proposition(LenGuess),
length(Solution, LenGuess),
choose(Solution),
repeat,
write('Your guess : '),
read(Guess),
( study(Solution, Guess, Bulls, Cows)
-> format('Bulls : ~w Cows : ~w~n', [Bulls, Cows]),
Bulls = LenGuess
; digits(Digits), Max is Digits + 1,
format('Guess must be of ~w digits between 1 and ~w~n',
[LenGuess, Max]),
fail).

choose(Solution) :-
digits(Digits),
Max is Digits + 1,
repeat,
maplist(\X^(X is random(Max) + 1), Solution),
all_distinct(Solution),
!.

study(Solution, Guess, Bulls, Cows) :-
proposition(LenGuess),
digits(Digits),
% compute the transformation 1234 => [1,2,3,4]
atom_chars(Guess, Chars),
maplist(\X^Y^(atom_number(X, Y)), Chars, Ms),
% check that the guess is well formed
length(Ms, LenGuess),
maplist(\X^(X > 0, X =< Digits+1), Ms),

% compute the digit in good place
foldl(\X^Y^V0^V1^((X = Y->V1 is V0+1; V1 = V0)),Solution, Ms, 0, Bulls),
% compute the digits in bad place
foldl(\Y1^V2^V3^(foldl(\X2^Z2^Z3^(X2 = Y1 -> Z3 is Z2+1; Z3 = Z2), Ms, 0, TT1),
V3 is V2+ TT1),
Solution, 0, TT),
Cows is TT - Bulls.
</lang>

=={{header|PureBasic}}==
<lang PureBasic>Define.s secret, guess, c
Define.i bulls, cows, guesses, i

If OpenConsole()

While Len(secret) < 4
c = Chr(Random(8) + 49)
If FindString(secret, c, 1) = 0
secret + c
EndIf
Wend

Repeat
Print("Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: ")
guess = Input()
If Len(guess) = 0
Break ;break from loop
EndIf
isMalformedGuess = #False
If Len(guess) <> 4
;guess is too short
isMalformedGuess = #True
Else
For i = 1 To 4
c = Mid(guess, i, 1)
If Not FindString("123456789", c, 1) Or CountString(guess, c) <> 1
;guess contains either non-digits or duplicate digits
isMalformedGuess = #True
Break ;break from For/Next loop
EndIf
Next
EndIf
If isMalformedGuess
PrintN("** You should enter 4 different numeric digits that are each from 1 to 9!")
Continue ;continue loop
EndIf
bulls = 0: cows = 0: guesses = guesses + 1
For i = 1 To 4
c = Mid(secret, i, 1)
If Mid(guess, i, 1) = c
bulls + 1
ElseIf FindString(guess, c, 1)
cows + 1
EndIf
Next
Print( Str(bulls) + " bull")
If bulls <> 1
Print( "s")
EndIf
Print( ", " + Str(cows) + " cow")
If cows <> 1
PrintN( "s")
Else
PrintN("")
EndIf
If guess = secret
PrintN("You won after " + Str(guesses) + " guesses!")
Break ;break from loop
EndIf
ForEver

Print(#CRLF$ + #CRLF$ + "Press ENTER to exit")
Input()
CloseConsole()
EndIf</lang>

=={{header|Python}}==
<lang python>'''
Bulls and cows. A game pre-dating, and similar to, Mastermind.
'''

import random

digits = '123456789'
size = 4
chosen = ''.join(random.sample(digits,size))
#print chosen # Debug
print '''I have chosen a number from %s unique digits from 1 to 9 arranged in a random order.
You need to input a %i digit, unique digit number as a guess at what I have chosen''' % (size, size)
guesses = 0
while True:
guesses += 1
while True:
# get a good guess
guess = raw_input('\nNext guess [%i]: ' % guesses).strip()
if len(guess) == size and \
all(char in digits for char in guess) \
and len(set(guess)) == size:
break
print "Problem, try again. You need to enter %i unique digits from 1 to 9" % size
if guess == chosen:
print '\nCongratulations you guessed correctly in',guesses,'attempts'
break
bulls = cows = 0
for i in range(size):
if guess[i] == chosen[i]:
bulls += 1
elif guess[i] in chosen:
cows += 1
print ' %i Bulls\n %i Cows' % (bulls, cows)</lang>
Sample output:
<pre>I have chosen a number from 4 unique digits from 1 to 9 arranged in a random order.
You need to input a 4 digit, unique digit number as a guess at what I have chosen

Next guess [1]: 79
Problem, try again. You need to enter 4 unique digits from 1 to 9

Next guess [1]: 7983
2 Bulls
2 Cows

Next guess [2]: 7938

Congratulations you guessed correctly in 2 attempts</pre>

=={{header|R}}==
{{works with|R|2.8.1}}
<lang R>target <- sample(1:9,4)
bulls <- 0
cows <- 0
attempts <- 0
while (bulls != 4)
{
input <- readline("Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits or 0s: ")
if (nchar(input) == 4)
{
input <- as.integer(strsplit(input,"")[[1]])
if ((sum(is.na(input)+sum(input==0))>=1) | (length(table(input)) != 4)) {print("Malformed input!")} else {
bulls <- sum(input == target)
cows <- sum(input %in% target)-bulls
cat("\n",bulls," Bull(s) and ",cows, " Cow(s)\n")
attempts <- attempts + 1
}
} else {print("Malformed input!")}
}
print(paste("You won in",attempts,"attempt(s)!"))</lang>

=={{header|Racket}}==

<lang racket>
#lang racket

; secret : (listof exact-nonnegative-integer?)
(define secret
(foldr (λ (n result)
(cons n (map (λ (y) (if (>= y n) (add1 y) y))
result)))
'()
(map random '(10 9 8 7))))

; (count-bulls/cows guess) -> (values exact-nonnegative-integer?
; exact-nonnegative-integer?)
; guess : (listof exact-nonnegative-integer?)
(define (count-bulls/cows guess)
(let* ([bulls (map = guess secret)]
[cow-candidates (filter-map (λ (x y) (if (false? x) y #f))
bulls
secret)]
[cows (filter (curryr member cow-candidates) guess)])
(values (length (filter ((curry equal?) #t) bulls))
(length cows))))

; (valid-guess guess-str) -> (or/c (listof exact-nonnegative-integer?) #f)
; guess-str : string?
(define (valid-guess guess-str)
(define (char->digit c)
(- (char->integer c) (char->integer #\0)))
(if (regexp-match-exact? #px"[0-9]{4}" guess-str)
(let ([guess (map char->digit (string->list guess-str))])
(if (andmap (λ (x) (equal? (count ((curry equal?) x) guess) 1))
guess)
guess
#f))
#f))
; Game states
(define win #t)
(define game #f)

; (main-loop state step) -> void?
; state : boolean?
; step : exact-nonnegative-integer?
(define (main-loop state step)
(if (equal? state win)
(printf "You won after ~a guesses." step)
(begin
(let* ([guess-str (read-line)]
[guess (valid-guess guess-str)])
(if (false? guess)
(begin (displayln "Guess should include exactly four different digits")
(main-loop state step))
(let-values ([(bulls cows) (count-bulls/cows guess)])
(if (= bulls 4)
(main-loop win (add1 step))
(begin (printf "Bulls: ~a Cows: ~a\n" bulls cows)
(main-loop state (add1 step))))))))))

(main-loop game 0)</lang>

Output:
<pre>
1234
Bulls: 0 Cows: 1
21345
Guess should include exactly four different digits
2134
Bulls: 1 Cows: 0
2314
Bulls: 0 Cows: 1
5167
Bulls: 1 Cows: 1
5189
Bulls: 1 Cows: 2
0189
Bulls: 1 Cows: 2
8179
Bulls: 1 Cows: 3
7198
You won after 8 guesses.
</pre>

=={{header|Raku}}==
(formerly Perl 6)
{{trans|Python}}

{{works with|Rakudo|2015.12}}

<lang perl6>my $size = 4;
my @secret = pick $size, '1' .. '9';

for 1..* -> $guesses {
my @guess;
loop {
@guess = (prompt("Guess $guesses: ") // exit).comb;
last if @guess == $size and
all(@guess) eq one(@guess) & any('1' .. '9');
say 'Malformed guess; try again.';
}
my ($bulls, $cows) = 0, 0;
for ^$size {
when @guess[$_] eq @secret[$_] { ++$bulls; }
when @guess[$_] eq any @secret { ++$cows; }
}
last if $bulls == $size;
say "$bulls bulls, $cows cows.";
}

say 'A winner is you!';</lang>

=={{header|Red}}==
<lang Red>
Red[]
a: "0123456789"
bulls: 0
random/seed now/time
number: copy/part random a 4
while [bulls <> 4] [
bulls: 0
cows: 0
guess: ask "make a guess: "
repeat i 4 [
if (pick guess i) = (pick number i) [bulls: bulls + 1]
]
cows: (length? intersect guess number) - bulls
print ["bulls: " bulls " cows: " cows]
]
print "You won!"
</lang>

=={{header|REXX}}==
This game is also known as:
:::::::* Pigs and Bulls
:::::::* Bulls and Cleots
:::::::* Mastermind
:::::::* Master Mind
===version 1===
This REXX version of Bulls and Cows doesn't allow repeated digits (in the computer-generated number),
<br>nor the use of the zero digit.
<br><br>To allow a zero digit, change the &nbsp; <big> '''1''' </big> &nbsp; on the 2<sup>nd</sup> REXX statement for the &nbsp; '''random''' &nbsp; BIF invocation.
<br>To allow repeated digits in the computer-generated number, delete the 3<sup>rd</sup> REXX statement &nbsp; &nbsp; '''if pos(r, ?)···''',
<br>and also change the prompt message.
<br>The REXX statement that contains the &nbsp; '''translate''' &nbsp; statement can be removed if repeated digits aren't allowed.
<lang rexx>/*REXX program scores the Bulls & Cows game with CBLFs (Carbon Based Life Forms). */
?=; do until length(?)==4; r= random(1, 9) /*generate a unique four-digit number. */
if pos(r,?)\==0 then iterate; ?= ? || r /*don't allow a repeated digit/numeral. */
end /*until length*/ /* [↑] builds a unique four-digit number*/
$= '──────── [Bulls & Cows] ' /*a literal that is part of the prompt. */
do until bulls==4; say /*play until guessed or enters "Quit".*/
say $ 'Please enter a 4-digit guess (with no zeroes) [or Quit]:'
pull n; n=space(n, 0); if abbrev('QUIT', n, 1) then exit /*user wants to quit?*/
q=?; L= length(n); bulls= 0; cows= 0 /*initialize some REXX variables. */
do j=1 for L; if substr(n, j, 1)\==substr(q, j, 1) then iterate /*is bull?*/
bulls= bulls +1; q= overlay(., q, j) /*bump the bull count; disallow for cow.*/
end /*j*/ /* [↑] bull count───────────────────────*/
/*is cow? */
do k=1 for L; _= substr(n, k, 1); if pos(_, q)==0 then iterate
cows=cows + 1; q= translate(q, , _) /*bump the cow count; allow mult digits.*/
end /*k*/ /* [↑] cow count───────────────────────*/
say; @= 'You got' bulls
if L\==0 & bulls\==4 then say $ @ 'bull's(bulls) "and" cows 'cow's(cows).
end /*until bulls*/
say " ┌─────────────────────────────────────────┐"
say " │ │"
say " │ Congratulations, you've guessed it !! │"
say " │ │"
say " └─────────────────────────────────────────┘"
exit /*stick a fork in it, we're all done. */
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
s: if arg(1)==1 then return ''; return "s" /*this function handles pluralization. */</lang><br><br>

===Version 2===
<lang rexx>
/*REXX program to play the game of "Bulls & Cows". *******************
* Changes from Version 1:
* ?= -> qq='' (righthandside mandatory and I never use ? as symbol -
* although it is available on all Rexxes)
* implemented singular/plural distinction differently
* change getRand to avoid invalid digit rejection
* check user's input for multiple digits
* add feature MM to ease guessing (MM=Mastermind - a similar game)
* add feature ? to see the solution (for the impatient player)
* program runs as is on ooRexx and on TSO (after changing | to !)
* Made source and output more compact
* formatted source 'my way' 2 July 2012 Walter Pachl
**********************************************************************/
ask='<Bulls & Cows game> Please enter a four-digit guess (or QUIT):'

b.='bulls'; b.1='bull'
c.='cows'; c.1='cow'
qq=getRand()
mm=0
Do Forever
If get_guess()==qq Then leave
Call scorer
Say "You got" bulls b.bulls "and" cows c.cows"."
If mm Then
Say mms
End /*forever*/
Say " *******************************************"
Say " * *"
Say " * Congratulations, you've guessed it !! *"
Say " * *"
Say " *******************************************"
Exit

get_guess: /*get a guess from the guesser. */

do forever
Say ask
Parse Pull guessi
guess=translate(guessi)
bc=verify(guess,987654321)
Select
When guess='?' Then Say qq 'is the correct sequence'
When guess='QUIT' Then Exit
When guess='MM' Then Do
Say 'Mastermind output enabled'
mm=1
End
When guess='' Then Call ser 'no argument specified.'
When words(guess)>1 Then Call ser 'too many arguments specified.'
When verify(0,guess)=0 Then Call ser 'illegal digit: 0'
When bc>0 Then Call ser 'illegal character:' substr(guessi,bc,1)
When length(guess)<4 Then Call ser 'not enough digits'
When length(guess)>4 Then Call ser 'too many digits'
When dups(guess) Then Call ser '4 DIFFERENT digits, please'
Otherwise Do
/********** Say guess ************/
Return guess
End
End
End

getRand:
digits='123456789'
qq=''
Do i=1 To 4
d=random(1,length(digits))
d=substr(digits,d,1)
qq=qq||d
digits=space(translate(digits,' ',d),0)
/************ Say qq digits ************/
End
Return qq

scorer: g=qq
mms='----'
bulls=0
Do j=1 for 4
If substr(guess,j,1)=substr(qq,j,1) Then Do
bulls=bulls+1
guess=overlay(' ',guess,j)
mms=overlay('+',mms,j)
End
End
cows=0
Do j=1 To 4
If pos(substr(guess,j,1),qq)>0 Then Do
cows=cows+1
mms=overlay('.',mms,j)
End
End
Return

dups: Procedure
Parse Arg s
Do i=1 To 3
If pos(substr(s,i,1),substr(s,i+1))>0 Then
Return 1
End
Return 0

ser: Say '*** error ***' arg(1); Return
</lang>

=={{header|Ring}}==
<lang ring>
# Project : Bulls and cows

secret = ""
while len(secret) != 4
c = char(48 + random(9))
if substr(secret, c) = 0
secret = secret + c
ok
end

see "guess a four-digit number with no digit used twice."
guesses = 0
guess = ""
while true
guess = ""
while len(guess) != 4
see "enter your guess: "
give guess
if len(guess) != 4
see "must be a four-digit number" + nl
ok
end
guesses = guesses + 1
if guess = secret
see "you won after " + guesses + " guesses!"
exit
ok
bulls = 0
cows = 0
for i = 1 to 4
c = secret[i]
if guess[i] = c
bulls = bulls + 1
but substr(guess, c) > 0
cows = cows + 1
ok
next
see "you got " + bulls + " bull(s) and " + cows + " cow(s)." + nl
end
</lang>

=={{header|Ruby}}==
Inspired by Tcl
{{works with|Ruby|1.8.7+}}
<lang ruby>def generate_word(len)
[*"1".."9"].shuffle.first(len) # [*"1".."9"].sample(len) ver 1.9+
end

def get_guess(len)
loop do
print "Enter a guess: "
guess = gets.strip
err = case
when guess.match(/[^1-9]/) ; "digits only"
when guess.length != len ; "exactly #{len} digits"
when guess.split("").uniq.length != len; "digits must be unique"
else return guess.split("")
end
puts "the word must be #{len} unique digits between 1 and 9 (#{err}). Try again."
end
end

def score(word, guess)
bulls = cows = 0
guess.each_with_index do |num, idx|
if word[idx] == num
bulls += 1
elsif word.include? num
cows += 1
end
end
[bulls, cows]
end

word_length = 4
puts "I have chosen a number with #{word_length} unique digits from 1 to 9."
word = generate_word(word_length)
count = 0
loop do
guess = get_guess(word_length)
count += 1
break if word == guess
puts "that guess has %d bulls and %d cows" % score(word, guess)
end
puts "you guessed correctly in #{count} tries."</lang>

Inspired by Python
{{works with|Ruby|2.0+}}
<lang ruby>size = 4
secret = [*'1' .. '9'].sample(size)
guess = nil

i=0
loop do
i+=1
loop do
print "Guess #{i}: "
guess = gets.chomp.chars
exit if guess.empty?
break if guess.size == size and
guess.all? { |x| ('1'..'9').include? x } and
guess.uniq.size == size
puts "Problem, try again. You need to enter #{size} unique digits from 1 to 9"
end
if guess == secret
puts "Congratulations you guessed correctly in #{i} attempts"
break
end
bulls = cows = 0
size.times do |j|
if guess[j] == secret[j]
bulls += 1
elsif secret.include? guess[j]
cows += 1
end
end
puts "Bulls: #{bulls}; Cows: #{cows}"
end</lang>

=={{header|Rust}}==
{{libheader|rand}}
<lang rust>use std::io;
use rand::{Rng,thread_rng};

extern crate rand;

const NUMBER_OF_DIGITS: usize = 4;

static DIGITS: [char; 9] = ['1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9'];

fn generate_digits() -> Vec<char> {
let mut temp_digits: Vec<_> = (&DIGITS[..]).into();
thread_rng().shuffle(&mut temp_digits);
return temp_digits.iter().take(NUMBER_OF_DIGITS).map(|&a| a).collect();
}

fn parse_guess_string(guess: &str) -> Result<Vec<char>, String> {
let chars: Vec<char> = (&guess).chars().collect();

if !chars.iter().all(|c| DIGITS.contains(c)) {
return Err("only digits, please".to_string());
}

if chars.len() != NUMBER_OF_DIGITS {
return Err(format!("you need to guess with {} digits", NUMBER_OF_DIGITS));
}

let mut uniques: Vec<char> = chars.clone();
uniques.dedup();
if uniques.len() != chars.len() {
return Err("no duplicates, please".to_string());
}

return Ok(chars);
}

fn calculate_score(given_digits: &[char], guessed_digits: &[char]) -> (usize, usize) {
let mut bulls = 0;
let mut cows = 0;
for i in 0..NUMBER_OF_DIGITS {
let pos: Option<usize> = guessed_digits.iter().position(|&a| -> bool {a == given_digits[i]});
match pos {
None => (),
Some(p) if p == i => bulls += 1,
Some(_) => cows += 1
}
}
return (bulls, cows);
}

fn main() {
let reader = io::stdin();

loop {
let given_digits = generate_digits();
println!("I have chosen my {} digits. Please guess what they are", NUMBER_OF_DIGITS);

loop {
let guess_string: String = {
let mut buf = String::new();
reader.read_line(&mut buf).unwrap();
buf.trim().into()
};

let digits_maybe = parse_guess_string(&guess_string);
match digits_maybe {
Err(msg) => {
println!("{}", msg);
continue;
},
Ok(guess_digits) => {
match calculate_score(&given_digits, &guess_digits) {
(NUMBER_OF_DIGITS, _) => {
println!("you win!");
break;
},
(bulls, cows) => println!("bulls: {}, cows: {}", bulls, cows)
}
}
}
}
}
}</lang>

=={{header|Scala}}==
<lang scala>import scala.util.Random

object BullCow {
def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
val number=chooseNumber
var guessed=false
var guesses=0

while(!guessed){
Console.print("Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: ")
val input=Console.readInt
val digits=input.toString.map(_.asDigit).toList
if(input>=1111 && input<=9999 && !hasDups(digits)){
guesses+=1
var bulls, cows=0
for(i <- 0 to 3)
if(number(i)==digits(i))
bulls+=1
else if(number.contains(digits(i)))
cows+=1

if(bulls==4)
guessed=true
else
println("%d Cows and %d Bulls.".format(cows, bulls))
}
}
println("You won after "+guesses+" guesses!");
}

def chooseNumber={
var digits=List[Int]()
while(digits.size<4){
val d=Random.nextInt(9)+1
if (!digits.contains(d))
digits=digits:+d
}
digits
}

def hasDups(input:List[Int])=input.size!=input.distinct.size
}</lang>

=={{header|Scheme}}==
{{works with|any R6RS Scheme}}

<lang scheme>

;generate a random non-repeating list of 4 digits, 1-9 inclusive
(define (get-num)
(define (gen lst)
(if (= (length lst) 4) lst
(let ((digit (+ (random 9) 1)))
(if (member digit lst) ;make sure the new digit isn't in the
;list
(gen lst)
(gen (cons digit lst))))))
(string->list (apply string-append (map number->string (gen '())))))

;is g a valid guess (that is, non-repeating, four digits 1-9
;inclusive?)
(define (valid-guess? g)
(let ((g-num (string->number (apply string g))))
;does the same digit appear twice in lst?
(define (repeats? lst)
(cond ((null? lst) #f)
((member (car lst) (cdr lst)) #t)
(else (repeats? (cdr lst)))))
(and g-num
(> g-num 1233)
(< g-num 9877)
(not (repeats? g)))))

;return '(cows bulls) for the given guess
(define (score answer guess)
;total cows + bulls
(define (cows&bulls a g)
(cond ((null? a) 0)
((member (car a) g) (+ 1 (cows&bulls (cdr a) g)))
(else (cows&bulls (cdr a) g))))
;bulls only
(define (bulls a g)
(cond ((null? a) 0)
((equal? (car a) (car g)) (+ 1 (bulls (cdr a) (cdr g))))
(else (bulls (cdr a) (cdr g)))))
(list (- (cows&bulls answer guess) (bulls answer guess)) (bulls answer guess)))

;play the game
(define (bull-cow answer)
;get the user's guess as a list
(define (get-guess)
(let ((e (read)))
(if (number? e)
(string->list (number->string e))
(string->list (symbol->string e)))))
(display "Enter a guess: ")
(let ((guess (get-guess)))
(if (valid-guess? guess)
(let ((bulls (cadr (score answer guess)))
(cows (car (score answer guess))))
(if (= bulls 4)
(display "You win!\n")
(begin
(display bulls)
(display " bulls, ")
(display cows)
(display " cows.\n")
(bull-cow answer))))
(begin
(display "Invalid guess.\n")
(bull-cow answer)))))

(bull-cow (get-num))
</lang>

=== Sample game play ===
<pre>
Enter a guess: 1234
0 bulls, 1 cows.
Enter a guess: 2345
1 bulls, 0 cows.
Enter a guess: 2346
1 bulls, 1 cows.
Enter a guess: 2367
0 bulls, 1 cows.
Enter a guess: 2647
1 bulls, 1 cows.
Enter a guess: 2648
2 bulls, 1 cows.
Enter a guess: 2468
1 bulls, 2 cows.
Enter a guess: 1468
1 bulls, 2 cows.
Enter a guess: 2684
0 bulls, 3 cows.
Enter a guess: 6248
3 bulls, 0 cows.
Enter a guess: 6948
You win!
</pre>

=={{header|Scratch}}==
Scratch is a graphical programming language. Follow the link to see an example solution for Bulls and Cows<br>
[https://scratch.mit.edu/projects/370296926/ '''Scratch - Bulls and Cows''']<br>
<br>
The program "says" the score of the current guess and uses a list to display previous guesses.<br>
Malformed guesses are rejected for the following reasons:
* Guess is longer or shorter than 4 characters
* Guess contains character other than the digits 1 - 9
* Guess contains a digit more than once (i.e. 3484 - this would be rejected because "4" appears in the guess two times)
<br>
Since Scratch is an educational language, I've included comments in the code to explain what the program is doing.<br>

=={{header|Seed7}}==
<lang seed7>$ include "seed7_05.s7i";

const proc: main is func
local
const integer: size is 4;
var set of char: digits is {'1' .. '9'};
var string: chosen is " " mult size;
var integer: guesses is 0;
var string: guess is "";
var integer: pos is 0;
var integer: bulls is 0;
var integer: cows is 0;
var boolean: okay is FALSE;
begin
for pos range 1 to 4 do
chosen @:= [pos] rand(digits);
excl(digits, chosen[pos]);
end for;
writeln("I have chosen a number from " <& size <& " unique digits from 1 to 9 arranged in a random order.");
writeln("You need to input a " <& size <& " digit, unique digit number as a guess at what I have chosen");
repeat
incr(guesses);
repeat
write("Next guess [" <& guesses <& "]: ");
readln(guess);
okay := length(guess) = size;
for key pos range guess do
okay := okay and guess[pos] in {'1' .. '9'} and pos(guess[succ(pos) ..], guess[pos]) = 0;
end for;
if not okay then
writeln("Problem, try again. You need to enter " <& size <& " unique digits from 1 to 9");
end if;
until okay;
if guess <> chosen then
bulls := 0;
cows := 0;
for key pos range chosen do
if guess[pos] = chosen[pos] then
incr(bulls);
elsif pos(chosen, guess[pos]) <> 0 then
incr(cows);
end if;
end for;
writeln(" " <& bulls <& " Bulls");
writeln(" " <& cows <& " Cows");
end if;
until guess = chosen;
writeln("Congratulations you guessed correctly in " <& guesses <& " attempts");
end func;</lang>

{{out}}
<pre>
I have chosen a number from 4 unique digits from 1 to 9 arranged in a random order.
You need to input a 4 digit, unique digit number as a guess at what I have chosen
Next guess [1]: 1234
1 Bulls
0 Cows
Next guess [2]: 1567
1 Bulls
2 Cows
Next guess [3]: 1856
3 Bulls
0 Cows
Next guess [4]: 1956
Congratulations you guessed correctly in 4 attempts
</pre>

=={{header|SenseTalk}}==
<lang sensetalk>repeat forever
repeat forever
put random(1111,9999) into num
if character 1 of num is not equal to character 2 of num
if character 1 of num is not equal to character 3 of num
if character 1 of num is not equal to character 4 of num
if character 2 of num is not equal to character 3 of num
if character 2 of num is not equal to character 4 of num
if character 3 of num is not equal to character 4 of num
if num does not contain 0
exit repeat
end if
end if
end if
end if
end if
end if
end if
end repeat
set description to "Guess the 4 digit number" & newline & "- zero's excluded" & newline & "- each digit is unique" & newline & newline & "Receive 1 Bull for each digit that equals the corresponding digit in the random number." & newline & newline & "Receive 1 Cow for each digit that appears in the wrong position." & newline
repeat forever
repeat forever
Ask "Guess the number" title "Bulls & Cows" message description
put it into guess
if number of characters in guess is equal to 4
exit repeat
else if guess is ""
Answer "" with "Play" or "Quit" title "Quit Bulls & Cows?"
put it into myAnswer
if myAnswer is "Quit"
exit all
end if
end if
end repeat
set score to {
bulls: {
qty: 0,
values: []
},
cows: {
qty: 0,
values: []
}
}
repeat the number of characters in num times
if character the counter of guess is equal to character the counter of num
add 1 to score.bulls.qty
insert character the counter of guess into score.bulls.values
else
if num contains character the counter of guess
if character the counter of guess is not equal to character the counter of num
if score.bulls.values does not contain character the counter of guess and score.cows.values does not contain character the counter of guess
add 1 to score.cows.qty
insert character the counter of guess into score.cows.values
end if
end if
end if
end if
end repeat
set showScores to "Your score is:" & newline & newline & "Bulls:" && score.bulls.qty & newline & newline & "Cows:" && score.cows.qty
if guess is not equal to num
Answer showScores with "Guess Again" or "Quit" title "Score"
put it into myAnswer
if myAnswer is "Quit"
exit all
end if
else
set winShowScores to showScores & newline & newline & "Your Guess:" && guess & newline & "Random Number:" && num & newline
Answer winShowScores with "Play Again" or "Quit" title "You Win!"
put it into myAnswer
if myAnswer is "Quit"
exit all
end if
exit repeat
end if
end repeat
end repeat</lang>

=={{header|Sidef}}==
<lang ruby>var size = 4
var num = @(1..9).shuffle.first(size)

for (var guesses = 1; true; guesses++) {

var bulls = 0
var cows = 0

var input =
read("Input: ", String).chars \
.uniq \
.grep(/^[1-9]$/) \
.map{.to_n}

if (input.len != size) {
warn "Invalid input!\n"
guesses--
next
}

if (input == num) {
printf("You did it in %d attempts!\n", guesses)
break
}

for i (^num) {
if (num[i] == input[i]) {
bulls++
}
elsif (num.contains(input[i])) {
cows++
}
}

"Bulls: %d; Cows: %d\n".printf(bulls, cows)
}</lang>
{{out}}
<pre>
Input: 2953
Bulls: 1; Cows: 1
Input: 9654
Bulls: 1; Cows: 1
Input: 8924
Bulls: 1; Cows: 3
Input: 2894
You did it in 4 attempts!
</pre>

=={{header|Smalltalk}}==
{{works with|GNU Smalltalk}}
<lang smalltalk>Object subclass: BullsCows [
|number|
BullsCows class >> new: secretNum [ |i|
i := self basicNew.
(self isValid: secretNum)
ifFalse: [ SystemExceptions.InvalidArgument
signalOn: secretNum
reason: 'You need 4 unique digits from 1 to 9' ].
i setNumber: secretNum.
^ i
]
BullsCows class >> new [ |b| b := Set new.
[ b size < 4 ]
whileTrue: [ b add: ((Random between: 1 and: 9) displayString first) ].
^ self new: (b asString)
]
BullsCows class >> isValid: num [
^ (num asSet size = 4) & ((num asSet includes: $0) not)
]
setNumber: num [ number := num ]
check: guess [ |bc| bc := Bag new.
1 to: 4 do: [ :i |
(number at: i) = (guess at: i)
ifTrue: [ bc add: 'bulls' ]
ifFalse: [
(number includes: (guess at: i))
ifTrue: [ bc add: 'cows' ]
]
].
^ bc
]
].

'Guess the 4-digits number (digits from 1 to 9, no repetition)' displayNl.

|guessMe d r tries|
[
tries := 0.
guessMe := BullsCows new.
[
[
'Write 4 digits: ' display.
d := stdin nextLine.
(BullsCows isValid: d)
] whileFalse: [
'Insert 4 digits, no repetition, exclude the digit 0' displayNl
].
r := guessMe check: d.
tries := tries + 1.
(r occurrencesOf: 'bulls') = 4
] whileFalse: [
('%1 cows, %2 bulls' % { r occurrencesOf: 'cows'. r occurrencesOf: 'bulls' })
displayNl.
].
('Good, you guessed it in %1 tries!' % { tries }) displayNl.
'Do you want to play again? [y/n]' display.
( (stdin nextLine) = 'y' )
] whileTrue: [ Character nl displayNl ].</lang>

=={{header|Smart BASIC}}==
<lang smart BASIC>
'by rbytes, January 2017
OPTION BASE 1
P(" B U L L S A N D C O W S")!l
P("A secret 4-digit number has been created, with")
P("no repeats and no zeros. You must guess the number.")
P("After each guess, you will be shown how many of your")
P("digits are correct and in the matching location (bulls),")
P("and how many are correct but in a different location (cows).")
p("See how many tries it takes you to get the right answer.")
' generate a 4-digit number with no repeats
guesses = 0
1 WHILE LEN(sec$) <4
c$ =CHR$( INTEG(RND(1) *9) +49)
IF INSTR(sec$, c$)=-1 THEN sec$&=c$
ENDWHILE!l
2 PRINT "Your guess: "
INPUT "FOUR DIGITS": guess$!l
IF guess$="" THEN ' check if entry is null
P("Please enter something!")!l
GOTO 2
ENDIF
P(guess$)!l
IF LEN(guess$)<>4 THEN ' check if entry is exactly 4 characters
P("Please enter exactly 4 digits.")!l
GOTO 2
ENDIF
FOR t=1 TO 4 ' check if all characters are digits 1 - 9
IF INSTR("123456789",MID$(guess$,t,1))=-1 THEN
P("You have entered at least one illegal character")!l
GOTO 2
ENDIF
NEXT t
rep = check(guess$) ' check if any digits are repeated
IF check.chk THEN
P("Please enter a number with no repeated digits.")!l
GOTO 2
ENDIF

guesses+=1
r$=score$(guess$,sec$)
P(r$)!l
IF guess$=sec$ THEN
P("W I N N E R ! ! !")!l
IF guesses>1 THEN gs$="guesses!" ELSE gs$="guess!"
P("You won after "&guesses&" "&gs$)
P("Thanks for playing!")!l
PAUSE 2
P("A G A I N with a new secret number")!l
guesses=0
END IF
GOTO 1
END ' _____________________________________________________________

DEF P(p$) ' function to print a string
PRINT p$
END DEF

DEF L() ' function to print an empty line
PRINT
END DEF

DEF check(i$) ' check=0 if digit is not repeated, else=1
chk=0
FOR i =1 TO 3
FOR j =i +1 TO 4
IF MID$( i$, i, 1)=MID$( i$, j, 1) THEN chk =1
NEXT j
NEXT i
END DEF

DEF score$(a$,b$) ' calculate the numbers of bulls & cows.
bulls=0!cows=0
FOR i = 1 TO 4
c$ = MID$( a$, i, 1)
IF MID$( b$, i, 1)=c$ THEN
bulls+=1
ELSE
IF INSTR( b$, c$) <>-1 AND INSTR( b$, c$) <>i THEN
cows+=1
END IF
END IF
NEXT i
r$ ="Bulls: "&STR$( bulls)& ", "& "Cows: " &STR$( cows)
RETURN r$
END DEF
END
</Lang>

=={{header|Swift}}==

<lang swift>import Foundation

func generateRandomNumArray(numDigits: Int = 4) -> [Int] {
guard numDigits > 0 else {
return []
}

let needed = min(9, numDigits)
var nums = Set<Int>()

repeat {
nums.insert(.random(in: 1...9))
} while nums.count != needed

return Array(nums)
}

func parseGuess(_ guess: String) -> [Int]? {
guard guess.count == 4 else {
return nil
}

let guessArray = guess.map(String.init).map(Int.init).compactMap({ $0 })

guard Set(guessArray).count == 4 else {
return nil
}

return guessArray
}

while true {
let num = generateRandomNumArray()
var bulls = 0
var cows = 0

print("Please enter a 4 digit number with digits between 1-9, no repetitions: ")

guard let guessStr = readLine(strippingNewline: true), let guess = parseGuess(guessStr) else {
print("Invalid input")
continue
}

for (guess, actual) in zip(guess, num) {
if guess == actual {
bulls += 1
} else if num.contains(guess) {
cows += 1
}
}

print("Actual number: \(num.map(String.init).joined())")
print("Your score: \(bulls) bulls and \(cows) cows\n")
print("Would you like to play again? (y): ")

guard readLine(strippingNewline: true)!.lowercased() == "y" else {
exit(0)
}
}</lang>

{{out}}

<pre>Please enter a 4 digit number with digits between 1-9, no repetitions:
8496
Actual number: 6475
Your score: 1 bulls and 1 cows

Would you like to play again? (y):
y
Please enter a 4 digit number with digits between 1-9, no repetitions:
5983
Actual number: 7846
Your score: 0 bulls and 1 cows
</pre>

=={{header|Tcl}}==
<lang tcl>proc main {} {
fconfigure stdout -buffering none
set length 4
puts "I have chosen a number from $length unique digits from 1 to 9 arranged in a random order.
You need to input a $length digit, unique digit number as a guess at what I have chosen
"
while true {
set word [generateWord $length]
set count 1
while {[set guess [getGuess $length]] ne $word} {
printScore $length $word $guess
incr count
}
puts "You guessed correctly in $count tries."
if {[yn "Play again?"] eq "n"} break
}
}

proc generateWord {length} {
set chars 123456789
for {set i 1} {$i <= $length} {incr i} {
set idx [expr {int(rand() * [string length $chars])}]
append word [string index $chars $idx]
set chars [string replace $chars $idx $idx]
}
return $word

# here's another way to generate word with no duplications
set word ""
while {[string length $word] < $length} {
set char [expr {int(1 + 9*rand())}]
if {[string first $char $word] == -1} {
append word $char
}
}
}

proc getGuess {length} {
puts -nonewline "Enter your guess: "
while true {
gets stdin guess
if {[string match [string repeat {[1-9]} $length] $guess]} {
return $guess
}
if {[string tolower [string trim $guess]] eq "quit"} {
puts Bye
exit
}
puts "The word must be $length digits between 1 and 9 inclusive. Try again."
}
}

proc printScore {length word guess} {
set bulls 0
set cows 0
for {set i 0} {$i < $length} {incr i} {
if {[string index $word $i] eq [string index $guess $i]} {
incr bulls
set word [string replace $word $i $i +]
}
}
puts " $bulls bulls"
for {set i 0} {$i < $length} {incr i} {
if {[set j [string first [string index $guess $i] $word]] != -1} {
incr cows
set word [string replace $word $j $j -]
}
}
puts " $cows cows"
}

proc yn {msg} {
while true {
puts -nonewline "$msg \[y/n] "
gets stdin ans
set char [string tolower [string index [string trim $ans] 0]]
if {$char eq "y" || $char eq "n"} {
return $char
}
}
}

main</lang>

=={{header|TUSCRIPT}}==
<lang tuscript>
$$ MODE tuscript
SET nr1=RANDOM_NUMBERS (1,9,1)
LOOP
SET nr2=RANDOM_NUMBERS (1,9,1)
IF (nr2!=nr1) EXIT
ENDLOOP
LOOP
SET nr3=RANDOM_NUMBERS (1,9,1)
IF (nr3!=nr1,nr2) EXIT
ENDLOOP
LOOP
SET nr4=RANDOM_NUMBERS (1,9,1)
IF (nr4!=nr1,nr2,nr3) EXIT
ENDLOOP
SET nr=JOIN(nr1,"'",nr2,nr3,nr4), limit=10
LOOP r=1,limit
SET bulls=cows=0
ASK "round {r} insert a number":guessnr=""
SET length=LENGTH(guessnr), checknr=STRINGS (guessnr,":>/:")
LOOP n=nr,y=checknr
IF (length!=4) THEN
PRINT "4-letter digit required"
EXIT
ELSEIF (n==y) THEN
SET bulls=bulls+1
ELSEIF (nr.ct.":{y}:") THEN
SET cows=cows+1
ENDIF
ENDLOOP
PRINT "bulls=",bulls," cows=",cows
IF (bulls==4) THEN
PRINT "BINGO"
EXIT
ELSEIF (r==limit) THEN
PRINT "BETTER NEXT TIME"
EXIT
ENDIF
ENDLOOP
</lang>
Output:
<pre>
round 1 insert a number >1234
bulls=1 cows=1
round 2 insert a number >5678
bulls=1 cows=1
round 3 insert a number >1298
bulls=2 cows=0
round 4 insert a number >2379
bulls=0 cows=0
round 5 insert a number >1468
bulls=4 cows=0
BINGO
</pre>

=={{header|uBasic/4tH}}==
<lang>Local(2) ' Let's use no globals

Proc _Initialize ' Get our secret number

Do ' Repeat until it's guessed
Do
Input "Enter your guess: ";a@ ' Enter your guess
While FUNC(_Invalid(a@)) ' but make sure it's a valid guess
Loop

a@ = FUNC(_Bulls) ' Count the number of bulls
b@ = FUNC(_Cows) ' Count the number of cows
' Now give some feedback
Print : Print "\tThere were ";a@;" bulls and ";b@;" cows." : Print
Until a@ = 4 ' Until the secret is guessed
Loop

Print "You win!" ' Yes, you guessed it

End


_Initialize ' Make a secret
Local (1)

Do
a@ = 1234 + RND(8643) ' Get a valid number
While FUNC(_Invalid(a@)) ' and accept it unless invalid
Loop

For a@ = 0 to 3 ' Now save it at the proper place
@(a@+4) = @(a@)
Next
Return


_Invalid Param(1) ' Check whether a number is valid
Local(2)
' Ok, these can't be right at all
If (a@ < 1234) + (a@ > 9876) Then Return (1)
' Now break 'em up in different digits
For b@ = 3 To 0 Step -1
@(b@) = a@ % 10 ' A digit of zero can't be right
If @(b@) = 0 Then Unloop : Return (1)
a@ = a@ / 10
Next

For b@ = 0 To 2 ' Now compare all digits
For c@ = b@ + 1 To 3 ' The others were already compared
If @(b@) = @(c@) Then Unloop : Unloop : Return (1)
Next ' Wrong, we found similar digits
Next
Return (0) ' All digits are different


_Bulls ' Count the number of valid guesses
Local (2)

b@ = 0 ' Start with zero

For a@ = 0 to 3 ' Increment with each valid guess
If @(a@) = @(a@+4) Then b@ = b@ + 1
Next
Return (b@) ' Return number of valid guesses


_Cows
Local (3) ' Count the number of proper digits

c@ = 0 ' Start with zero

For a@ = 0 To 3 ' All the players guesses
For b@ = 4 To 7 ' All the computers secrets
If (a@+4) = b@ Then Continue ' Skip the bulls
If @(a@) = @(b@) Then c@ = c@ + 1
Next ' Increment with valid digits
Next
Return (c@) ' Return number of valid digits</lang>

=={{header|UNIX Shell}}==
{{works with|bash|3}}

<lang bash>#!/bin/bash

rand() {
local min=${1:-0}
local max=${2:-32767}

[ ${min} -gt ${max} ] &&
min=$(( min ^ max )) &&
max=$(( min ^ max )) &&
min=$(( min ^ max ))

echo -n $(( ( $RANDOM % $max ) + $min ))
}

in_arr() {
local quandry="${1}"
shift
local arr=( $@ )
local i=''

for i in ${arr[*]}
do
[ "${quandry}" == "${i}" ] && return 0 && break
done

return 1
}

delete_at() {
local idx="$(( $1 + 1 ))"
shift
local arr=( "sentinel" $@ )

echo -n "${arr[@]:1:$(( idx - 1 ))} ${arr[@]:$((idx + 1)):$(( ${#arr[@]} - idx - 1))}"
}

delete_first() {
local meanie="${1}"
shift
local arr=( $@ )
local i=0

for (( i = 0; i < ${#arr[@]} ; i++ ))
do
[ "${arr[${i}]}" == "${meanie}" ] && arr=( $( delete_at ${i} ${arr[*]} ) )
done

echo -n "${arr[*]}"
}

to_arr() {
local string="${1}"
local arr=()

while [ "${#string}" -gt 0 ]
do
arr=( ${arr[*]} ${string:0:1} )
string="${string:1}"
done

echo -n "${arr[*]}"
}

choose_idx() {
local arr=( $@ )
echo -n "$( rand 0 $(( ${#arr[@]} - 1 )) )"
}

locate_bulls() {
local secret=( $( to_arr "${1}" ) )
local guess=( $( to_arr "${2}" ) )
local hits=()
local i=0

for (( i=0; i<4; i++ ))
do
[ "${secret[${i}]}" -eq "${guess[${i}]}" ] && hits=( ${hits[*]} ${i} )
done

echo -n "${hits[*]}"
}

bulls() {
local secret="${1}"
local guess="${2}"
local bulls=( $( locate_bulls "${secret}" "${guess}" ) )

echo -n "${#bulls[@]}"
}

cows() {
local secret=( $( to_arr "${1}" ) )
local guess=( $( to_arr "${2}" ) )
local bulls=( $( locate_bulls "${1}" "${2}" ) )
local hits=0
local i=''

# Avoid double-counting bulls
for i in ${bulls[*]}
do
secret=( $( delete_at ${i} ${secret[*]} ) )
done
# Process the guess against what's left of the secret
for i in ${guess[*]}
do
in_arr "${i}" ${secret[*]} &&
secret=( $( delete_first "${i}" ${secret[*]} ) ) &&
(( hits++ ))
done

echo -n ${hits}
}

malformed() {
local guess=( $( to_arr "${1}" ) )
local i=''

[ ${#guess[@]} -ne 4 ] &&
return 0

for i in ${guess[*]}
do
if ! in_arr ${i} 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
then
return 0
break
fi
done

return 1
}

candidates=( 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 )
secret=''

while [ "${#secret}" -lt 4 ]
do
cidx=$( choose_idx ${candidates[*]} )
secret="${secret}${candidates[${cidx}]}"
candidates=( $(delete_at ${cidx} ${candidates[*]} ) )
done

while read -p "Enter a four-digit guess: " guess
do
malformed "${guess}" && echo "Malformed guess" && continue
[ "${guess}" == "${secret}" ] && echo "You win!" && exit
echo "Score: $( bulls "${secret}" "${guess}" ) Bulls, $( cows "${secret}" "${guess}" ) Cows"
done</lang>

=={{header|VBA}}==

<lang vb>
Option Explicit

Sub Main_Bulls_and_cows()
Dim strNumber As String, strInput As String, strMsg As String, strTemp As String
Dim boolEnd As Boolean
Dim lngCpt As Long
Dim i As Byte, bytCow As Byte, bytBull As Byte
Const NUMBER_OF_DIGITS As Byte = 4
Const MAX_LOOPS As Byte = 25 'the max of lines supported by MsgBox

strNumber = Create_Number(NUMBER_OF_DIGITS)
Do
bytBull = 0: bytCow = 0: lngCpt = lngCpt + 1
If lngCpt > MAX_LOOPS Then strMsg = "Max of loops... Sorry you loose!": Exit Do
strInput = AskToUser(NUMBER_OF_DIGITS)
If strInput = "Exit Game" Then strMsg = "User abort": Exit Do
For i = 1 To Len(strNumber)
If Mid(strNumber, i, 1) = Mid(strInput, i, 1) Then
bytBull = bytBull + 1
ElseIf InStr(strNumber, Mid(strInput, i, 1)) > 0 Then
bytCow = bytCow + 1
End If
Next i
If bytBull = Len(strNumber) Then
boolEnd = True: strMsg = "You win in " & lngCpt & " loops!"
Else
strTemp = strTemp & vbCrLf & "With : " & strInput & " ,you have : " & bytBull & " bulls," & bytCow & " cows."
MsgBox strTemp
End If
Loop While Not boolEnd
MsgBox strMsg
End Sub

Function Create_Number(NbDigits As Byte) As String
Dim myColl As New Collection
Dim strTemp As String
Dim bytAlea As Byte

Randomize
Do
bytAlea = Int((Rnd * 9) + 1)
On Error Resume Next
myColl.Add CStr(bytAlea), CStr(bytAlea)
If Err <> 0 Then
On Error GoTo 0
Else
strTemp = strTemp & CStr(bytAlea)
End If
Loop While Len(strTemp) < NbDigits
Create_Number = strTemp
End Function

Function AskToUser(NbDigits As Byte) As String
Dim boolGood As Boolean, strIn As String, i As Byte, NbDiff As Byte

Do While Not boolGood
strIn = InputBox("Enter your number (" & NbDigits & " digits)", "Number")
If StrPtr(strIn) = 0 Then strIn = "Exit Game": Exit Do
If strIn <> "" Then
If Len(strIn) = NbDigits Then
NbDiff = 0
For i = 1 To Len(strIn)
If Len(Replace(strIn, Mid(strIn, i, 1), "")) < NbDigits - 1 Then
NbDiff = 1
Exit For
End If
Next i
If NbDiff = 0 Then boolGood = True
End If
End If
Loop
AskToUser = strIn
End Function
</lang>

=={{header|Vedit macro language}}==
<lang vedit>Buf_Switch(Buf_Free)
#90 = Time_Tick // seed for random number generator
#91 = 10 // random numbers in range 0 to 9
while (EOB_pos < 4) { // 4 digits needed
Call("RANDOM")
BOF Ins_Char(Return_Value + '0')
Replace("(.)(.*)\1", "\1\2", REGEXP+BEGIN+NOERR) // remove any duplicate
}

#3 = 0
repeat (99) {
Get_Input(10, "Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: ", NOCR)
if (Reg_Size(10) == 0) { Break } // empty string = exit
Num_Eval_Reg(10) // check for numeric digits
if (Chars_Matched != 4) {
M("You should enter 4 numeric digits\n")
Continue
}

Goto_Pos(4) // count bulls
Reg_Ins(10, OVERWRITE)
#1 = Search("(.)...\1", REGEXP+BEGIN+ALL+NOERR)

RS(10, "[", INSERT) // count cows
RS(10, "]", APPEND)
#2 = Search_Block(@10, 0, 4, REGEXP+BEGIN+ALL+NOERR) - #1

#3++
NT(#1, NOCR) M(" bulls,") NT(#2, NOCR) M(" cows\n")
if (#1 == 4) {
M("You won after") NT(#3, NOCR) M(" guesses!\n")
Break
}
}
Buf_Quit(OK)
Return

//--------------------------------------------------------------
// Generate random numbers in range 0 <= Return_Value < #91
// #90 = Seed (0 to 0x7fffffff)
// #91 = Scaling (0 to 0x10000)

:RANDOM:
#92 = 0x7fffffff / 48271
#93 = 0x7fffffff % 48271
#90 = (48271 * (#90 % #92) - #93 * (#90 / #92)) & 0x7fffffff
Return ((#90 & 0xffff) * #91 / 0x10000)</lang>

=={{header|Visual Basic .NET}}==

<lang vbnet>Imports System
Imports System.Text.RegularExpressions

Module Bulls_and_Cows
Function CreateNumber() As String
Dim random As New Random()
Dim sequence As Char() = {"1"c, "2"c, "3"c, "4"c, "5"c, "6"c, "7"c, "8"c, "9"c}

For i As Integer = 0 To sequence.Length - 1
Dim j As Integer = random.Next(sequence.Length)
Dim temp As Char = sequence(i) : sequence(i) = sequence(j) : sequence(j) = temp
Next

Return New String(sequence, 0, 4)
End Function

Function IsFourDigitNumber(ByVal number As String) As Boolean
Return Regex.IsMatch(number, "^[1-9]{4}$")
End Function

Sub Main()
Dim chosenNumber As String = CreateNumber()
Dim attempt As Integer = 0
Console.WriteLine("Number is chosen")
Dim gameOver As Boolean = False
Do
attempt += 1
Console.WriteLine("Attempt #{0}. Enter four digit number: ", attempt)
Dim number As String = Console.ReadLine()
Do While Not IsFourDigitNumber(number)
Console.WriteLine("Invalid number: type four characters. Every character must digit be between '1' and '9'.")
number = Console.ReadLine()
Loop

Dim bulls As Integer = 0
Dim cows As Integer = 0

For i As Integer = 0 To number.Length - 1
Dim j As Integer = chosenNumber.IndexOf(number(i))
If i = j Then
bulls += 1
ElseIf j >= 0 Then
cows += 1
End If
Next

If bulls < chosenNumber.Length Then
Console.WriteLine("The number '{0}' has {1} bulls and {2} cows", _
number, bulls, cows)
Else
gameOver = True
End If
Loop Until gameOver
Console.WriteLine("The number was guessed in {0} attempts. Congratulations!", attempt)
End Sub
End Module</lang>

=={{header|zkl}}==
Play one game:
<lang zkl>d:=Dictionary(); do{ d[(1).random(10)]=True }while(d.len()<4);
abcd:=d.keys.shuffle();
while(1){
guess:=ask("4 digits: ")-" ,";
if(guess.len()!=4 or guess.unique().len()!=4) continue;
bulls:=abcd.zipWith('==,guess).sum(0);
cows:=guess.split("").enumerate()
.reduce('wrap(s,[(n,c)]){ s + (d.find(c,False) and abcd[n]!=c) },0);
if(bulls==4) { println("You got it!"); break; }
"%d bull%s and %d cow%s".fmt(bulls,s(bulls),cows,s(cows)).println();
}
fcn s(n){ (n!=1) and "s" or "" }</lang>
{{out}}
<pre>
4 digits: 4,5,6,7
1 bull and 0 cows
4 digits: 1234
0 bulls and 2 cows
4 digits: 3528
You got it!
</pre>

Revision as of 12:36, 19 February 2021

Arturo

<lang rebol>rand: first.n: 4 unique map 1..10 => [sample 0..9] bulls: 0

while [bulls <> 4][ 

   bulls: new 0

cows: new 0 

   got: strip input "make a guess: "
   if? or? not? numeric? got
           4 <> size got -> print "Malformed answer. Try again!"
   else [
       loop.with:'i split got 'digit [
           if? (to :integer digit) = rand \ i -> inc 'bulls
           else [
               if contains? rand to :integer digit -> inc 'cows
           ]
       ]
       print ["Bulls:" bulls "Cows:" cows "\n"]
   ]

] print color.green "** Well done! You made the right guess!!"</lang>

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