Bell numbers: Difference between revisions
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Line 35:
{{trans|Python}}
<
[[BigInt]] tri
L(i) 0 .< n
Line 54:
print(‘The first ten rows of Bell's triangle:’)
L(i) 1..10
print(bt[i])</
{{out}}
Line 91:
=={{header|Ada}}==
{{works with|GNAT|8.3.0}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="ada">
with Ada.Text_IO; use Ada.Text_IO;
procedure Main is
Line 151:
Bell_Numbers;
end Main;
</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>
Line 183:
21147 25287 30304 36401 43833 52922 64077 77821 94828 115975
</pre>
=={{header|ALGOL 68}}==
{{Trans|Delphi}}
{{works with|ALGOL 68G|Any - tested with release 2.8.3.win32}}
Uses Algol 68G's LONG LONG INT to calculate the numbers up to 50. Calculates the numbers using the triangle algorithm but without storing the triangle as a whole - each line of the triangle replaces the previous one.
<syntaxhighlight lang="algol68">BEGIN # show some Bell numbers #
PROC show bell = ( INT n, LONG LONG INT bell number )VOID:
print( ( whole( n, -2 ), ": ", whole( bell number, 0 ), newline ) );
INT max bell = 50;
[ 0 : max bell - 2 ]LONG LONG INT a; FOR i TO UPB a DO a[ i ] := 0 OD;
a[ 0 ] := 1;
show bell( 1, a[ 0 ] );
FOR n FROM 0 TO UPB a DO
# replace a with the next line of the triangle #
a[ n ] := a[ 0 ];
FOR j FROM n BY -1 TO 1 DO
a[ j - 1 ] +:= a[ j ]
OD;
IF n < 14 THEN
show bell( n + 2, a[ 0 ] )
ELIF n = UPB a THEN
print( ( "...", newline ) );
show bell( n + 2, a[ 0 ] )
FI
OD
END</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>
1: 1
2: 1
3: 2
4: 5
5: 15
6: 52
7: 203
8: 877
9: 4140
10: 21147
11: 115975
12: 678570
13: 4213597
14: 27644437
15: 190899322
...
50: 10726137154573358400342215518590002633917247281
</pre>
=={{header|ALGOL-M}}==
<
integer function index(row, col);
integer row, col;
Line 220 ⟶ 266:
end;
end;
end</
{{out}}
<pre>First fifteen Bell numbers:
Line 250 ⟶ 296:
4140.0 5017.0 6097.0 7432.0 9089.0 11155.0 13744.0 17007.0 21147.0
21147.0 25287.0 30304.0 36401.0 43833.0 52922.0 64077.0 77821.0 94828.0 115975.0</pre>
=={{header|ALGOL W}}==
{{Trans|ALGOL 68|First 15 numbers only}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="algolw">
begin % show some Bell numbers %
integer MAX_BELL;
MAX_BELL := 15;
begin
procedure showBell ( integer value n, bellNumber ) ;
write( i_w := 2, s_w := 0, n, ": ", i_w := 1, bellNumber );
integer array a ( 0 :: MAX_BELL - 2 );
for i := 1 until MAX_BELL - 2 do a( i ) := 0;
a( 0 ) := 1;
showBell( 1, a( 0 ) );
for n := 0 until MAX_BELL - 2 do begin
% replace a with the next line of the triangle %
a( n ) := a( 0 );
for j := n step -1 until 1 do a( j - 1 ) := a( j - 1 ) + a( j );
showBell( n + 2, a( 0 ) )
end for_n
end
end.
</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>
1: 1
2: 1
3: 2
4: 5
5: 15
6: 52
7: 203
8: 877
9: 4140
10: 21147
11: 115975
12: 678570
13: 4213597
14: 27644437
15: 190899322
</pre>
=={{header|APL}}==
{{works with|Dyalog APL}}
<
tr←↑(⊢,(⊂⊃∘⌽+0,+\)∘⊃∘⌽)⍣14⊢,⊂,1
⎕←'First 15 Bell numbers:'
Line 259 ⟶ 346:
⎕←'First 10 rows of Bell''s triangle:'
⎕←tr[⍳10;⍳10]
}</
{{out}}
<pre>First 15 Bell numbers:
Line 276 ⟶ 363:
=={{header|Arturo}}==
{{trans|D}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="rebol">bellTriangle: function[n][
tri: map 0..n-1 'x [ map 0..n 'y -> 0 ]
set get tri 1 0 1
Line 299 ⟶ 384:
loop 1..10 'i ->
print filter bt\[i] => zero?</
{{out}}
Line 333 ⟶ 418:
=={{header|AutoHotkey}}==
<
Bell_triangle(maxRows){
row := 1, col := 1, Arr := []
Line 364 ⟶ 449:
return Trim(res, "`n")
}
;-----------------------------------</
Examples:<
MsgBox % Show_Bell_triangle(Bell_triangle(10))
return</
{{out}}
<pre>1
Line 395 ⟶ 480:
4140, 5017, 6097, 7432, 9089, 11155, 13744, 17007, 21147
21147, 25287, 30304, 36401, 43833, 52922, 64077, 77821, 94828, 115975</pre>
=={{header|BASIC}}==
==={{header|ANSI BASIC}}===
{{trans|QuickBASIC}}
{{works with|Decimal BASIC}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="basic">
100 REM Bell numbers
110 LET MaxN = 14
120 OPTION BASE 0
130 DIM A(13) ! i.e. DIM A(MaxN - 1), ANSI BASIC does not allow expressions in the bound arguments.
140 FOR I = 0 TO MaxN - 1
150 LET A(I) = 0
160 NEXT I
170 LET N = 0
180 LET A(0) = 1
190 PRINT USING "B(##) = #########": N, A(0)
200 DO WHILE N < MaxN
210 LET A(N) = A(0)
220 FOR J = N TO 1 STEP -1
230 LET A(J - 1) = A(J - 1) + A(J)
240 NEXT J
250 LET N = N + 1
260 PRINT USING "B(##) = #########": N, A(0)
270 LOOP
280 END
</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>
B( 0) = 1
B( 1) = 1
B( 2) = 2
B( 3) = 5
B( 4) = 15
B( 5) = 52
B( 6) = 203
B( 7) = 877
B( 8) = 4140
B( 9) = 21147
B(10) = 115975
B(11) = 678570
B(12) = 4213597
B(13) = 27644437
B(14) = 190899322
</pre>
==={{header|Applesoft BASIC}}===
{{trans|C}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="gwbasic"> 100 LET ROWS = 15
110 LET M$ = CHR$ (13)
120 LET N = ROWS: GOSUB 500"BELLTRIANGLE"
130 PRINT "FIRST FIFTEEN BELL NUMBERS:"
140 FOR I = 1 TO ROWS
150 LET BR = I:BC = 0: GOSUB 350"GETBELL"
160 HTAB T * 13 + 1
170 PRINT RIGHT$ (" " + STR$ (I),2)": "BV; MID$ (M$,1,T = 2);
180 LET T = T + 1 - (T = 2) * 3
190 NEXT I
200 PRINT M$"THE FIRST TEN ROWS OF BELL'S TRIANGLE:";
210 FOR I = 1 TO 10
220 LET BR = I:BC = 0: GOSUB 350"GETBELL"
230 PRINT M$BV;
240 FOR J = 1 TO I - 1
250 IF I - 1 > = J THEN BR = I:BC = J: GOSUB 350"GETBELL": PRINT " "BV;
260 NEXT J,I
270 END
300 LET BI = BR * (BR - 1) / 2 + BC
310 RETURN
350 GOSUB 300"BELLINDEX"
360 LET BV = TRI(BI)
370 RETURN
400 GOSUB 300"BELLINDEX"
410 LET TRI(BI) = BV
420 RETURN
500 DIM TRI(N * (N + 1) / 2)
510 LET BR = 1:BC = 0:BV = 1: GOSUB 400"SETBELL"
520 FOR I = 2 TO N
530 LET BR = I - 1:BC = I - 2: GOSUB 350"GETBELL"
540 LET BR = I:BC = 0: GOSUB 400"SETBELL"
550 FOR J = 1 TO I - 1
560 LET BR = I:BC = J - 1: GOSUB 350"GETBELL":V = BV
570 LET BR = I - 1:BC = J - 1: GOSUB 350"GETBELL"
580 LET BR = I:BC = J:BV = V + BV: GOSUB 400"SETBELL"
590 NEXT J,I
600 RETURN</syntaxhighlight>
==={{header|ASIC}}===
{{trans|Delphi}}
Compile with the ''Extended math'' option.
<syntaxhighlight lang="basic">
REM Bell numbers
DIM A&(13)
FOR I = 0 TO 13
A&(I) = 0
NEXT I
N = 0
A&(0) = 1
GOSUB DisplayRow:
WHILE N <= 13
A&(N) = A&(0)
J = N
WHILE J >= 1
JM1 = J - 1
A&(JM1) = A&(JM1) + A&(J)
J = J - 1
WEND
N = N + 1
GOSUB DisplayRow:
WEND
END
DisplayRow:
PRINT "B(";
SN$ = STR$(N)
SN$ = RIGHT$(SN$, 2)
PRINT SN$;
PRINT ") =";
PRINT A&(0)
RETURN
</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>
B( 0) = 1
B( 1) = 1
B( 2) = 2
B( 3) = 5
B( 4) = 15
B( 5) = 52
B( 6) = 203
B( 7) = 877
B( 8) = 4140
B( 9) = 21147
B(10) = 115975
B(11) = 678570
B(12) = 4213597
B(13) = 27644437
B(14) = 190899322
</pre>
==={{header|Chipmunk Basic}}===
{{works with|Chipmunk Basic|3.6.4}}
{{trans|ASIC}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="qbasic">100 cls
110 dim a(13)
120 for i = 0 to ubound(a) : a(i) = 0 : next i
130 n = 0
140 a(0) = 1
150 displayrow()
160 while n <= ubound(a)
170 a(n) = a(0)
180 j = n
190 while j >= 1
200 jm1 = j-1
210 a(jm1) = a(jm1)+a(j)
220 j = j-1
230 wend
240 n = n+1
250 displayrow()
260 wend
270 end
280 sub displayrow()
290 print "B(";
300 print right$(str$(n),2)") = " a(0)
310 return</syntaxhighlight>
==={{header|FreeBASIC}}===
<syntaxhighlight lang="freebasic">#define MAX 21
#macro ncp(n, p)
(fact(n)/(fact(p))/(fact(n-p)))
#endmacro
dim as ulongint fact(0 to MAX), bell(0 to MAX)
dim as uinteger n=0, k
fact(0) = 1
for k=1 to MAX
fact(k) = k*fact(k-1)
next k
bell(n) = 1
print n, bell(n)
for n=0 to MAX-1
for k=0 to n
bell(n+1) += ncp(n, k)*bell(k)
next k
print n+1, bell(n+1)
next n</syntaxhighlight>
==={{header|GW-BASIC}}===
{{works with|Chipmunk Basic}}
{{works with|PC-BASIC|any}}
{{works with|QBasic}}
{{trans|Chipmunk Basic}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="qbasic">100 CLS
110 DIM A#(13)
120 FOR I = 0 TO UBOUND(A#) : A#(I) = 0 : NEXT I
130 N = 0
140 A#(0) = 1
150 GOSUB 280
160 WHILE N <= 13
170 A#(N) = A#(0)
180 J = N
190 WHILE J >= 1
200 JM1 = J-1
210 A#(JM1) = A#(JM1)+A#(J)
220 J = J-1
230 WEND
240 N = N+1
250 GOSUB 280
260 WEND
270 END
280 REM Display Row
290 PRINT "B(";
300 PRINT RIGHT$(STR$(N),2)") = " A#(0)
310 RETURN</syntaxhighlight>
==={{header|MSX Basic}}===
{{trans|Applesoft BASIC}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="qbasic">100 ROWS = 15
110 M$ = CHR$(13)
120 N = ROWS: GOSUB 500
130 PRINT "FIRST FIFTEEN BELL NUMBERS:"
140 FOR I = 1 TO ROWS
150 BR = I: BC = 0: GOSUB 350
160 PRINT RIGHT$(" " + STR$(I),2); ": "; BV; MID$(M$,1,2)
170 T = T + 1 - (T = 2) * 3
180 NEXT I
190 PRINT
200 PRINT "THE FIRST 10 ROWS OF BELL'S TRIANGLE:";
210 FOR I = 1 TO 10
220 BR = I: BC = 0: GOSUB 350
230 PRINT M$: PRINT BV;
240 FOR J = 1 TO I - 1
250 IF I - 1 >= J THEN BR = I: BC = J: GOSUB 350: PRINT BV;
260 NEXT J, I
270 END
300 BI = BR * (BR-1) / 2 + BC
310 RETURN
350 GOSUB 300
360 BV = TRI(BI)
370 RETURN
400 GOSUB 300
410 TRI(BI) = BV
420 RETURN
500 DIM TRI(N * (N+1) / 2)
510 BR = 1: BC = 0: BV = 1: GOSUB 400
520 FOR I = 2 TO N
530 BR = I - 1: BC = I - 2: GOSUB 350
540 BR = I: BC = 0: GOSUB 400
550 FOR J = 1 TO I - 1
560 BR = I: BC = J - 1: GOSUB 350: V = BV
570 BR = I - 1: BC = J - 1: GOSUB 350
580 BR = I: BC = J: BV = V + BV: GOSUB 400
590 NEXT J, I
600 RETURN</syntaxhighlight>
==={{header|QuickBASIC}}===
{{works with|QBasic|1.1}}
{{trans|Delphi}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="qbasic">
' Bell numbers
CONST MAXN% = 14
DIM A&(MAXN% - 1)
FOR I% = 0 TO MAXN% - 1
A&(I%) = 0
NEXT I%
N% = 0
A&(0) = 1
PRINT USING "B(##) = #########"; N%; A&(0)
WHILE N% < MAXN%
A&(N%) = A&(0)
FOR J% = N% TO 1 STEP -1
A&(J% - 1) = A&(J% - 1) + A&(J%)
NEXT J%
N% = N% + 1
PRINT USING "B(##) = #########"; N%; A&(0)
WEND
END
</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>
B( 0) = 1
B( 1) = 1
B( 2) = 2
B( 3) = 5
B( 4) = 15
B( 5) = 52
B( 6) = 203
B( 7) = 877
B( 8) = 4140
B( 9) = 21147
B(10) = 115975
B(11) = 678570
B(12) = 4213597
B(13) = 27644437
B(14) = 190899322
</pre>
==={{header|RapidQ}}===
{{trans|Delphi}}
{{trans|QuickBASIC|Translated only display statements, the rest is the same.}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="basic">
' Bell numbers
CONST MAXN% = 14
DIM A&(MAXN% - 1)
FOR I% = 0 TO MAXN% - 1
A&(I%) = 0
NEXT I%
N% = 0
A&(0) = 1
PRINT FORMAT$("B(%2d) = %9d", N%, A&(0))
WHILE N% < MAXN%
A&(N%) = A&(0)
FOR J% = N% TO 1 STEP -1
A&(J% - 1) = A&(J% - 1) + A&(J%)
NEXT J%
N% = N% + 1
PRINT FORMAT$("B(%2d) = %9d", N%, A&(0))
WEND
END
</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>
B( 0) = 1
B( 1) = 1
B( 2) = 2
B( 3) = 5
B( 4) = 15
B( 5) = 52
B( 6) = 203
B( 7) = 877
B( 8) = 4140
B( 9) = 21147
B(10) = 115975
B(11) = 678570
B(12) = 4213597
B(13) = 27644437
B(14) = 190899322
</pre>
==={{header|Visual Basic .NET}}===
{{trans|C#}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="vbnet">Imports System.Numerics
Imports System.Runtime.CompilerServices
Module Module1
<Extension()>
Sub Init(Of T)(array As T(), value As T)
If IsNothing(array) Then Return
For i = 0 To array.Length - 1
array(i) = value
Next
End Sub
Function BellTriangle(n As Integer) As BigInteger()()
Dim tri(n - 1)() As BigInteger
For i = 0 To n - 1
Dim temp(i - 1) As BigInteger
tri(i) = temp
tri(i).Init(0)
Next
tri(1)(0) = 1
For i = 2 To n - 1
tri(i)(0) = tri(i - 1)(i - 2)
For j = 1 To i - 1
tri(i)(j) = tri(i)(j - 1) + tri(i - 1)(j - 1)
Next
Next
Return tri
End Function
Sub Main()
Dim bt = BellTriangle(51)
Console.WriteLine("First fifteen Bell numbers:")
For i = 1 To 15
Console.WriteLine("{0,2}: {1}", i, bt(i)(0))
Next
Console.WriteLine("50: {0}", bt(50)(0))
Console.WriteLine()
Console.WriteLine("The first ten rows of Bell's triangle:")
For i = 1 To 10
Dim it = bt(i).GetEnumerator()
Console.Write("[")
If it.MoveNext() Then
Console.Write(it.Current)
End If
While it.MoveNext()
Console.Write(", ")
Console.Write(it.Current)
End While
Console.WriteLine("]")
Next
End Sub
End Module</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>First fifteen Bell numbers:
1: 1
2: 1
3: 2
4: 5
5: 15
6: 52
7: 203
8: 877
9: 4140
10: 21147
11: 115975
12: 678570
13: 4213597
14: 27644437
15: 190899322
50: 10726137154573358400342215518590002633917247281
The first ten rows of Bell's triangle:
[1]
[1, 2]
[2, 3, 5]
[5, 7, 10, 15]
[15, 20, 27, 37, 52]
[52, 67, 87, 114, 151, 203]
[203, 255, 322, 409, 523, 674, 877]
[877, 1080, 1335, 1657, 2066, 2589, 3263, 4140]
[4140, 5017, 6097, 7432, 9089, 11155, 13744, 17007, 21147]
[21147, 25287, 30304, 36401, 43833, 52922, 64077, 77821, 94828, 115975]</pre>
=={{header|C}}==
{{trans|D}}
<
#include <stdlib.h>
Line 454 ⟶ 969:
free(bt);
return 0;
}</
{{out}}
Line 486 ⟶ 1,001:
21147, 25287, 30304, 36401, 43833, 52922, 64077, 77821, 94828, 115975</pre>
=={{header|C
{{trans|D}}
<
using System.Numerics;
Line 542 ⟶ 1,057:
}
}
}</
{{out}}
<pre>First fifteen and fiftieth Bell numbers:
Line 577 ⟶ 1,092:
{{libheader|Boost}}
Requires C++14 or later. If HAVE_BOOST is defined, we use the cpp_int class from Boost so we can display the 50th Bell number, as shown in the output section below.
<
#include <vector>
Line 627 ⟶ 1,142:
}
return 0;
}</
{{out}}
Line 662 ⟶ 1,177:
21147 25287 30304 36401 43833 52922 64077 77821 94828 115975
</pre>
=={{header|CLU}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="clu">bell = cluster is make, get
rep = array[int]
idx = proc (row, col: int) returns (int)
return (row * (row - 1) / 2 + col)
end idx
get = proc (tri: cvt, row, col: int) returns (int)
return (tri[idx(row, col)])
end get
make = proc (rows: int) returns (cvt)
length: int := rows * (rows+1) / 2
arr: rep := rep$fill(0, length, 0)
arr[idx(1,0)] := 1
for i: int in int$from_to(2, rows) do
arr[idx(i,0)] := arr[idx(i-1, i-2)]
for j: int in int$from_to(1, i-1) do
arr[idx(i,j)] := arr[idx(i,j-1)] + arr[idx(i-1,j-1)]
end
end
return(arr)
end make
end bell
start_up = proc ()
rows = 15
po: stream := stream$primary_output()
belltri: bell := bell$make(rows)
stream$putl(po, "The first 15 Bell numbers are:")
for i: int in int$from_to(1, rows) do
stream$putl(po, int$unparse(i)
|| ": " || int$unparse(bell$get(belltri, i, 0)))
end
stream$putl(po, "\nThe first 10 rows of the Bell triangle:")
for row: int in int$from_to(1, 10) do
for col: int in int$from_to(0, row-1) do
stream$putright(po, int$unparse(bell$get(belltri, row, col)), 7)
end
stream$putc(po, '\n')
end
end start_up</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>The first 15 Bell numbers are:
1: 1
2: 1
3: 2
4: 5
5: 15
6: 52
7: 203
8: 877
9: 4140
10: 21147
11: 115975
12: 678570
13: 4213597
14: 27644437
15: 190899322
The first 10 rows of the Bell triangle:
1
1 2
2 3 5
5 7 10 15
15 20 27 37 52
52 67 87 114 151 203
203 255 322 409 523 674 877
877 1080 1335 1657 2066 2589 3263 4140
4140 5017 6097 7432 9089 11155 13744 17007 21147
21147 25287 30304 36401 43833 52922 64077 77821 94828 115975</pre>
=={{header|Common Lisp}}==
===via Bell triangle===
<
;; triangle's row; the last row is at the head of the list.
(defun grow-triangle (triangle)
Line 725 ⟶ 1,317:
(format t "The first 10 rows of Bell triangle:~%")
(print-bell-triangle (make-triangle 10))</
{{out}}
<pre>B_0 (first Bell number) = 1
Line 764 ⟶ 1,356:
===via Stirling numbers of the second kind===
This solution's algorithm is substantially slower than the algorithm based on the Bell triangle, because of the many nested loops.
<
;; Compute the factorial
Line 806 ⟶ 1,398:
;; Final invocation
(loop for n in *numbers-to-print* do
(print-bell-number n (bell n)))</
{{out}}
<pre>B_0 (first Bell number) = 1
Line 833 ⟶ 1,425:
=={{header|Cowgol}}==
{{trans|C}}
<
typedef B is uint32;
Line 900 ⟶ 1,492:
i := i + 1;
print_nl();
end loop;</
{{out}}
Line 935 ⟶ 1,527:
=={{header|D}}==
{{trans|Go}}
<
import std.bigint;
import std.stdio : writeln, writefln;
Line 967 ⟶ 1,559:
writeln(bt[i]);
}
}</
{{out}}
<pre>First fifteen and fiftieth Bell numbers:
Line 1,003 ⟶ 1,595:
It shows a way of calculating Bell numbers without using a triangle.
Output numbering is as in the statement of the task, namely B_0 = 1, B_1 = 1, B_2 = 2, ....
<syntaxhighlight lang="delphi">
program BellNumbers;
Line 1,015 ⟶ 1,607:
const
var
n : integer; // index of Bell number
j : integer; // loop variable
a : array [0..
{ Subroutine to display that a[0] is the Bell number B_n }
Line 1,032 ⟶ 1,624:
a[0] := 1;
Display(); // some programmers would prefer Display;
while (n <
a[n] := a[0];
for j := n downto 1 do inc( a[j - 1], a[j]);
Line 1,039 ⟶ 1,631:
end;
end.
</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>
Line 1,069 ⟶ 1,661:
B_25 = 4638590332229999353
</pre>
=={{header|EasyLang}}==
{{trans|Julia}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="easylang">
func bell n .
len list[] n
list[1] = 1
for i = 2 to n
for j = 1 to i - 2
list[i - j - 1] += list[i - j]
.
list[i] = list[1] + list[i - 1]
.
return list[n]
.
for i = 1 to 15
print bell i
.
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Elixir}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="elixir">
defmodule Bell do
def triangle(), do: Stream.iterate([1], fn l -> bell_row l, [List.last l] end)
Line 1,088 ⟶ 1,699:
IO.puts "THe first 10 rows of Bell's triangle:"
IO.inspect(Bell.triangle() |> Enum.take(10))
</syntaxhighlight>
{{Out}}
<pre>
Line 1,113 ⟶ 1,724:
=={{header|F_Sharp|F#}}==
===The function===
<
// Generate bell triangle. Nigel Galloway: July 6th., 2019
let bell=Seq.unfold(fun g->Some(g,List.scan(+) (List.last g) g))[1I]
</syntaxhighlight>
===The Task===
<
bell|>Seq.take 10|>Seq.iter(printfn "%A")
</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>
Line 1,134 ⟶ 1,745:
[21147; 25287; 30304; 36401; 43833; 52922; 64077; 77821; 94828; 115975]
</pre>
<
bell|>Seq.take 15|>Seq.iter(fun n->printf "%A " (List.head n));printfn ""
</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>
1 1 2 5 15 52 203 877 4140 21147 115975 678570 4213597 27644437 190899322
</pre>
<
printfn "%A" (Seq.head (Seq.item 49 bell))
</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>
Line 1,152 ⟶ 1,763:
===via Aitken's array===
{{works with|Factor|0.98}}
<
: next-row ( prev -- next )
Line 1,164 ⟶ 1,775:
"First 15 Bell numbers:\n%[%d, %]\n\n50th: %d\n\n" printf
"First 10 rows of the Bell triangle:" print
10 aitken [ "%[%d, %]\n" printf ] each</
{{out}}
<pre>
Line 1,187 ⟶ 1,798:
This solution makes use of a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_number#Summation_formulas recurrence relation] involving binomial coefficients.
{{works with|Factor|0.98}}
<
: next-bell ( seq -- n )
Line 1,196 ⟶ 1,807:
50 bells [ 15 head ] [ last ] bi
"First 15 Bell numbers:\n%[%d, %]\n\n50th: %d\n" printf</
{{out}}
<pre>
Line 1,207 ⟶ 1,818:
This solution defines Bell numbers in terms of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_number#Summation_formulas sums of Stirling numbers of the second kind].
{{works with|Factor|0.99 development release 2019-07-10}}
<
: bell ( m -- n )
Line 1,213 ⟶ 1,824:
50 [ bell ] { } map-integers [ 15 head ] [ last ] bi
"First 15 Bell numbers:\n%[%d, %]\n\n50th: %d\n" printf</
{{out}}
As above.
=={{header|
FB does not yet offer native support for Big Ints.
<syntaxhighlight lang="futurebasic">
local fn BellNumbers( limit as long )
long j, n = 1
mda(0) = 1
printf @"%2llu. %19llu", n, mda_integer(0)
while ( n < limit )
mda(n) = mda(0)
for j = n to 1 step -1
mda(j - 1) = mda_integer(j - 1) + mda_integer(j)
next
n++
printf @"%2llu. %19llu", n, mda_integer(0)
wend
end fn
fn BellNumbers( 25 )
HandleEvents
</syntaxhighlight>
{{output}}
<pre>
1. 1
2. 2
3. 5
4. 15
5. 52
6. 203
7. 877
8.
9.
10. 115975
11. 678570
12. 4213597
13. 27644437
14. 190899322
15. 1382958545
16. 10480142147
17. 82864869804
18. 682076806159
19. 5832742205057
20. 51724158235372
21. 474869816156751
22. 4506715738447323
23. 44152005855084346
24. 445958869294805289
25. 4638590332229999353
</pre>
=={{header|Go}}==
<
import (
Line 1,278 ⟶ 1,916:
fmt.Println(bt[i])
}
}</
{{out}}
Line 1,315 ⟶ 1,953:
=={{header|Groovy}}==
{{trans|Java}}
<
private static class BellTriangle {
private List<Integer> arr
Line 1,372 ⟶ 2,010:
}
}
}</
{{out}}
<pre>First fifteen Bell numbers:
Line 1,403 ⟶ 2,041:
=={{header|Haskell}}==
<
bellTri =
let f xs = (last xs, xs)
in map snd (iterate (f
bell :: [Integer]
bell = map head bellTri
main :: IO ()
main = do
putStrLn "First 10 rows of Bell's Triangle:"
mapM_ print (take 10 bellTri)
putStrLn "
mapM_ print (take 15 bell)
putStrLn "
print (bell !! 49)</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>First 10 rows of Bell's Triangle:
[1]
[1,2]
Line 1,432 ⟶ 2,070:
[4140,5017,6097,7432,9089,11155,13744,17007,21147]
[21147,25287,30304,36401,43833,52922,64077,77821,94828,115975]
First 15 Bell numbers:
1
1
Line 1,448 ⟶ 2,087:
27644437
190899322
50th Bell number:
10726137154573358400342215518590002633917247281</pre>
And, of course, in terms of ''Control.Arrow'' or ''Control.Applicative'', the triangle function could also be written as:
<
bellTri :: [[Integer]]
bellTri = map snd (iterate ((last &&& id) . uncurry (scanl (+))) (1,[1]))</
or:
<
bellTri :: [[Integer]]
bellTri = map snd (iterate ((liftA2 (,) last id) . uncurry (scanl (+))) (1,[1]))</
or, as an applicative without the need for an import:
<
bellTri = map snd (iterate (((,) . last <*> id) . uncurry (scanl (+))) (1, [1]))</
=={{header|J}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="text">
bell=: ([: +/\ (,~ {:))&.>@:{:
Line 1,492 ⟶ 2,131:
{:>bell^:49<1x
185724268771078270438257767181908917499221852770
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Java}}==
{{trans|Kotlin}}
<
import java.util.List;
Line 1,556 ⟶ 2,195:
}
}
}</
{{out}}
<pre>First fifteen Bell numbers:
Line 1,587 ⟶ 2,226:
=={{header|jq}}==
{{trans|Julia}}
<
def bell:
. as $n
Line 1,602 ⟶ 2,241:
# The task
range(1;51) | bell</
{{out}}
For displaying the results, we will first use gojq, the Go implementation of jq, as it supports unbounded-precision integer arithmetic.
Line 1,632 ⟶ 2,271:
=={{header|Julia}}==
Source: Combinatorics at https://github.com/JuliaMath/Combinatorics.jl/blob/master/src/numbers.jl
<
bellnum(n)
Compute the ``n``th Bell number.
Line 1,655 ⟶ 2,294:
for i in 1:50
println(bellnum(i))
end</
{{out}}
<pre>
Line 1,712 ⟶ 2,351:
=={{header|Kotlin}}==
{{trans|C}}
<
private val arr: Array<Int>
Line 1,763 ⟶ 2,402:
println()
}
}</
{{out}}
<pre>First fifteen Bell numbers:
Line 1,791 ⟶ 2,430:
4140, 5017, 6097, 7432, 9089, 11155, 13744, 17007, 21147
21147, 25287, 30304, 36401, 43833, 52922, 64077, 77821, 94828, 115975</pre>
=={{header|Little Man Computer}}==
Demonstrates an algorithm that uses a 1-dimensional array and addition. The maximum integer on the LMC is 999, so the maximum Bell number found is B_7 = 877.
In order to handle arrays, a program for the LMC has to modify its own code. This practice is usually frowned on nowadays, but was standard on very early real-life computers, such as EDSAC.
<syntaxhighlight lang="little man computer">
// Little Man Computer, for Rosetta Code.
// Calculate Bell numbers, using a 1-dimensional array and addition.
//
// After the calculation of B_n (n > 0), the array contains n elements,
// of which B_n is the first. Example to show calculation of B_(n+1):
// After calc. of B_3 = 5, array holds: 5, 3, 2
// Extend array by copying B_3 to high end: 5, 3, 2, 5
// Replace 2 by 5 + 2 = 7: 5, 3, 7, 5
// Replace 3 by 7 + 3 = 10: 5, 10, 7, 5
// Replace first 5 by 10 + 5 = 15: 15, 10, 7, 5
// First element of array is now B_4 = 15.
// Initialize; B_0 := 1
LDA c1
STA Bell
LDA c0
STA index
BRA print // skip increment of index
// Increment index of Bell number
inc_ix LDA index
ADD c1
STA index
// Here acc = index; print index and Bell number
print OUT
LDA colon
OTC // non-standard instruction; cosmetic only
LDA Bell
OUT
LDA index
BRZ inc_ix // if index = 0, skip rest and loop back
SUB c7 // reached maximum index yet?
BRZ done // if so, jump to exit
// Manufacture some instructions
LDA lda_0
ADD index
STA lda_ix
SUB c200 // convert LDA to STA with same address
STA sta_ix
// Copy latest Bell number to end of array
lda_0 LDA Bell // load Bell number
sta_ix STA 0 // address was filled in above
// Manufacture more instructions
LDA lda_ix // load LDA instruction
loop SUB c401 // convert to ADD with address 1 less
STA add_ix_1
ADD c200 // convert to STA
STA sta_ix_1
// Execute instructions; zero addresses were filled in above
lda_ix LDA 0 // load element of array
add_ix_1 ADD 0 // add to element below
sta_ix_1 STA 0 // update element below
LDA sta_ix_1 // load previous STA instruction
SUB sta_Bell // does it refer to first element of array?
BRZ inc_ix // yes, loop to inc index and print
LDA lda_ix // no, repeat with addresses 1 less
SUB c1
STA lda_ix
BRA loop
// Here when done
done HLT
// Constants
colon DAT 58
c0 DAT 0
c1 DAT 1
c7 DAT 7 // maximum index
c200 DAT 200
c401 DAT 401
sta_Bell STA Bell // not executed; used for comparison
// Variables
index DAT
Bell DAT
// Rest of array goes here
// end
</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>
[formatted manually]
0:1
1:1
2:2
3:5
4:15
5:52
6:203
7:877
</pre>
=={{header|Lua}}==
<
-- db 6/11/2020 (to replace missing original)
Line 1,821 ⟶ 2,552:
for i = 1, 10 do
print("[ " .. table.concat(tri[i],", ") .. " ]")
end</
{{out}}
<pre>First 15 and 25th Bell numbers:
Line 1,855 ⟶ 2,586:
=={{header|Maple}}==
<
option remember;
add(binomial(n-1,k)*bell1(k),k=0..n-1)
Line 1,870 ⟶ 2,601:
# [1, 1, 2, 5, 15, 52, 203, 877, 4140, 21147, 115975, 678570,
# 4213597, 27644437, 190899322, 1382958545, 10480142147,
# 82864869804, 682076806159, 5832742205057, 51724158235372]</
=={{header|Mathematica}} / {{header|Wolfram Language}}==
'''Function definition:'''
<syntaxhighlight lang="mathematica">
BellTriangle[n_Integer?Positive] := NestList[Accumulate[# /. {a___, b_} :> {b, a, b}] &, {1}, n - 1];
BellNumber[n_Integer] := BellTriangle[n][[n, 1]];
</syntaxhighlight>
'''Output:'''
<syntaxhighlight lang="mathematica">
In[51]:= Array[BellNumber, 25]
Line 1,895 ⟶ 2,626:
6097, 7432, 9089, 11155, 13744, 17007, 21147}, {21147, 25287, 30304,
36401, 43833, 52922, 64077, 77821, 94828, 115975}}
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Maxima}}==
It exists in Maxima the belln built-in function.
Below is another way
<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">
/* Subfactorial numbers */
subfactorial(n):=block(
subf[0]:1,
subf[n]:n*subf[n-1]+(-1)^n,
subf[n])$
/* Bell numbers implementation */
my_bell(n):=if n=0 then 1 else block(
makelist((1/((n-1)!))*subfactorial(j)*binomial(n-1,j)*(n-j)^(n-1),j,0,n-1),
apply("+",%%))$
/* First 50 */
block(
makelist(my_bell(u),u,0,49),
table_form(%%));
</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>
matrix(
[1],
[1],
[2],
[5],
[15],
[52],
[203],
[877],
[4140],
[21147],
[115975],
[678570],
[4213597],
[27644437],
[190899322],
[1382958545],
[10480142147],
[82864869804],
[682076806159],
[5832742205057],
[51724158235372],
[474869816156751],
[4506715738447323],
[44152005855084346],
[445958869294805289],
[4638590332229999353],
[49631246523618756274],
[545717047936059989389],
[6160539404599934652455],
[71339801938860275191172],
[846749014511809332450147],
[10293358946226376485095653],
[128064670049908713818925644],
[1629595892846007606764728147],
[21195039388640360462388656799],
[281600203019560266563340426570],
[3819714729894818339975525681317],
[52868366208550447901945575624941],
[746289892095625330523099540639146],
[10738823330774692832768857986425209],
[157450588391204931289324344702531067],
[2351152507740617628200694077243788988],
[35742549198872617291353508656626642567],
[552950118797165484321714693280737767385],
[8701963427387055089023600531855797148876],
[139258505266263669602347053993654079693415],
[2265418219334494002928484444705392276158355],
[37450059502461511196505342096431510120174682],
[628919796303118415420210454071849537746015761],
[10726137154573358400342215518590002633917247281]
)
</pre>
=={{header|Modula-2}}==
{{trans|QuickBASIC}}
{{works with|ADW Modula-2|any (Compile with the linker option ''Console Application'').}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="modula2">
MODULE BellNumbers;
FROM STextIO IMPORT
WriteLn, WriteString;
FROM SWholeIO IMPORT
WriteInt;
CONST
MaxN = 14;
VAR
A: ARRAY [0 .. MaxN - 1] OF CARDINAL;
I, J, N: CARDINAL;
PROCEDURE DisplayRow(N, BellNum: CARDINAL);
BEGIN
WriteString("B(");
WriteInt(N, 2);
WriteString(") = ");
WriteInt(BellNum, 9);
WriteLn
END DisplayRow;
BEGIN
FOR I := 0 TO MaxN - 1 DO
A[I] := 0
END;
N := 0;
A[0] := 1;
DisplayRow(N, A[0]);
WHILE N < MaxN DO
A[N] := A[0];
FOR J := N TO 1 BY -1 DO
A[J - 1] := A[J - 1] + A[J]
END;
N := N + 1;
DisplayRow(N, A[0])
END
END BellNumbers.
</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>
B( 0) = 1
B( 1) = 1
B( 2) = 2
B( 3) = 5
B( 4) = 15
B( 5) = 52
B( 6) = 203
B( 7) = 877
B( 8) = 4140
B( 9) = 21147
B(10) = 115975
B(11) = 678570
B(12) = 4213597
B(13) = 27644437
B(14) = 190899322
</pre>
=={{header|Nim}}==
===Using Recurrence relation===
<
iterator b(): int =
Line 1,926 ⟶ 2,797:
inc i
if i > Limit:
break</
{{out}}
Line 1,958 ⟶ 2,829:
===Using Bell triangle===
<
## Iterator yielding the bell numbers.
var row = @[1]
Line 1,968 ⟶ 2,839:
for i in 1..newRow.high:
newRow[i] = newRow[i - 1] + row[i - 1]
row
yield row[^1] # The last value of the row is one step ahead of the first one.
Line 1,980 ⟶ 2,851:
for i in 1..newRow.high:
newRow[i] = newRow[i - 1] + row[i - 1]
row
yield row
Line 2,008 ⟶ 2,879:
echo line
if i == 10:
break</
{{out}}
Line 2,050 ⟶ 2,921:
4140 5017 6097 7432 9089 11155 13744 17007 21147
21147 25287 30304 36401 43833 52922 64077 77821 94828 115975</pre>
=={{header|PARIGP}}==
From the code at OEIS A000110,
<syntaxhighlight lang="text">
genit(maxx=50)={bell=List();
for(n=0,maxx,q=sum(k=0,n,stirling(n,k,2));
listput(bell,q));bell}
END</syntaxhighlight>
'''Output:'''
<nowiki>List([1, 1, 2, 5, 15, 52, 203, 877, 4140, 21147, 115975, 678570, 4213597, 27644437, 190899322, 1382958545, 10480142147, 82864869804, 682076806159, 5832742205057, 51724158235372, 474869816156751, 4506715738447323, 44152005855084346, 445958869294805289, 4638590332229999353, 49631246523618756274, 545717047936059989389, 6160539404599934652455, 71339801938860275191172, 846749014511809332450147, 10293358946226376485095653, 128064670049908713818925644, 1629595892846007606764728147, 21195039388640360462388656799, 281600203019560266563340426570, 3819714729894818339975525681317, 52868366208550447901945575624941, 746289892095625330523099540639146, 10738823330774692832768857986425209, 157450588391204931289324344702531067, 2351152507740617628200694077243788988, 35742549198872617291353508656626642567, 552950118797165484321714693280737767385, 8701963427387055089023600531855797148876, 139258505266263669602347053993654079693415, 2265418219334494002928484444705392276158355, 37450059502461511196505342096431510120174682, 628919796303118415420210454071849537746015761, 10726137154573358400342215518590002633917247281, 185724268771078270438257767181908917499221852770])</nowiki>
=={{header|Pascal}}==
{{Works with|Free Pascal}}
Using bell's triangle. TIO.RUN up to 5000.See talk for more.
<
{$Ifdef FPC}
{$optimization on,all}
Line 2,173 ⟶ 3,055:
BellNumbersUint64(True);BellNumbersUint64(False);
BellNumbersMPInteger;
END.</
{{out}}
<pre style="height:180px">
Line 2,275 ⟶ 3,157:
=={{header|Perl}}==
{{trans|Raku}}
<
use warnings;
use feature 'say';
Line 2,296 ⟶ 3,178:
say "\nFirst ten rows of Aitken's array:";
printf '%-7d'x@{$Aitkens[$_]}."\n", @{$Aitkens[$_]} for 0..9;</
{{out}}
<pre>First fifteen and fiftieth Bell numbers:
Line 2,332 ⟶ 3,214:
{{libheader|Phix/mpfr}}
Started out as a translation of Go, but the main routine has now been completely replaced.
<!--<
<span style="color: #008080;">with</span> <span style="color: #008080;">javascript_semantics</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">include</span> <span style="color: #004080;">mpfr</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">.</span><span style="color: #000000;">e</span>
Line 2,362 ⟶ 3,244:
<span style="color: #7060A8;">printf</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #008000;">"%s\n"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,{</span><span style="color: #7060A8;">join</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">bt</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">i</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">])})</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">for</span>
<!--</
{{out}}
<pre>
Line 2,381 ⟶ 3,263:
21147 25287 30304 36401 43833 52922 64077 77821 94828 115975
</pre>
=={{header|Picat}}==
'''First 18 Bell numbers and b(50).'''
(Port of the Sage solution at the OEIS A000110 page.)
<syntaxhighlight lang="picat">main =>
B50=b(50),
println(B50[1..18]),
println(b50=B50.last),
nl.
b(M) = R =>
A = new_array(M-1),
bind_vars(A,0),
A[1] := 1,
R = [1, 1],
foreach(N in 2..M-1)
A[N] := A[1],
foreach(K in N..-1..2)
A[K-1] := A[K-1] + A[K],
end,
R := R ++ [A[1]]
end.</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>[1,1,2,5,15,52,203,877,4140,21147,115975,678570,4213597,27644437,190899322,1382958545,10480142147,82864869804]
b50 = 10726137154573358400342215518590002633917247281</pre>
'''Bell's Triangle (and the 50th Bell number)'''
{{trans|D}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="picat">main =>
Tri = tri(50),
foreach(I in 1..10)
println(Tri[I].to_list)
end,
nl,
println(tri50=Tri.last.first),
nl.
% Adjustments for base-1.
tri(N) = Tri[2..N+1] =>
Tri = new_array(N+1),
foreach(I in 1..N+1)
Tri[I] := new_array(I-1),
bind_vars(Tri[I],0)
end,
Tri[2,1] := 1,
foreach(I in 3..N+1)
Tri[I,1] := Tri[I-1,I-2],
foreach(J in 2..I-1)
Tri[I,J] := Tri[I,J-1] + Tri[I-1,J-1]
end
end.</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>[1]
[1,2]
[2,3,5]
[5,7,10,15]
[15,20,27,37,52]
[52,67,87,114,151,203]
[203,255,322,409,523,674,877]
[877,1080,1335,1657,2066,2589,3263,4140]
[4140,5017,6097,7432,9089,11155,13744,17007,21147]
[21147,25287,30304,36401,43833,52922,64077,77821,94828,115975]
tri50 = 10726137154573358400342215518590002633917247281</pre>
{{trans|Prolog}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="picat">main :-
bell(49, Bell),
printf("First 15 Bell numbers:\n"),
print_bell_numbers(Bell, 15),
Number=Bell.last.first,
printf("\n50th Bell number: %w\n", Number),
printf("\nFirst 10 rows of Bell triangle:\n"),
print_bell_rows(Bell, 10).
bell(N, Bell):-
bell(N, Bell, [], _).
bell(0, [[1]|T], T, [1]):-!.
bell(N, Bell, B, Row):-
N1 is N - 1,
bell(N1, Bell, [Row|B], Last),
next_row(Row, Last).
next_row([Last|Bell], Bell1):-
Last=last(Bell1),
next_row1(Last, Bell, Bell1).
next_row1(_, [], []):-!.
next_row1(X, [Y|Rest], [B|Bell]):-
Y is X + B,
next_row1(Y, Rest, Bell).
print_bell_numbers(_, 0):-!.
print_bell_numbers([[Number|_]|Bell], N):-
printf("%w\n", Number),
N1 is N - 1,
print_bell_numbers(Bell, N1).
print_bell_rows(_, 0):-!.
print_bell_rows([Row|Rows], N):-
print_bell_row(Row),
N1 is N - 1,
print_bell_rows(Rows, N1).
print_bell_row([Number]):-
!,
printf("%w\n", Number).
print_bell_row([Number|Numbers]):-
printf("%w ", Number),
print_bell_row(Numbers).</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>First 15 Bell numbers:
1
1
2
5
15
52
203
877
4140
21147
115975
678570
4213597
27644437
190899322
50th Bell number: 10726137154573358400342215518590002633917247281
First 10 rows of Bell triangle:
1
1 2
2 3 5
5 7 10 15
15 20 27 37 52
52 67 87 114 151 203
203 255 322 409 523 674 877
877 1080 1335 1657 2066 2589 3263 4140
4140 5017 6097 7432 9089 11155 13744 17007 21147
21147 25287 30304 36401 43833 52922 64077 77821 94828 115975</pre>
===Constraint modelling: construct (and count) the sets===
This model creates the underlying structure of the sets, and for N=1..4 it also converts and show the proper sets.
What the constraint model really creates is the following for N=3:
[[1,1,1],[1,1,2],[1,2,1],[1,2,2],[1,2,3]]
where the i'th value in a (sub) list indicates which set it belongs to.
E.g. the list
[1,2,1]
indicates that both 1 and 3 belongs to the first set, and 2 belongs to the second set, i.e.
{{1,3},{2}, {}}
and after the empty lists are removed:
{{1,3},{2}}
The full set is converted to
{{{1,2,3}},{{1,2},{3}},{{1,3},{2}},{{1},{2,3}},{{1},{2},{3}}}
The symmetry constraint <code>value_precede_chain/2</code> ensures that a value N+1 is not placed in the list (X) before all the values 1..N has been placed ("seen") in the list. This handles the symmetry that the two sets {1,2} and {2,1} are to be considered the same.
<syntaxhighlight lang="picat">import cp.
main =>
member(N,1..10),
X = new_list(N),
X :: 1..N,
value_precede_chain(1..N,X),
solve_all($[ff,split],X)=All,
println(N=All.len),
if N <= 4 then
% convert to sets
Set = {},
foreach(Y in All)
L = new_array(N),
bind_vars(L,{}),
foreach(I in 1..N)
L[Y[I]] := L[Y[I]] ++ {I}
end,
Set := Set ++ { {E : E in L, E != {}} }
end,
println(Set)
end,
nl,
fail,
nl.
%
% Ensure that a value N+1 is placed in the list X not before
% all the value 1..N are placed in the list.
%
value_precede_chain(C, X) =>
foreach(I in 2..C.length)
value_precede(C[I-1], C[I], X)
end.
value_precede(S,T,X) =>
XLen = X.length,
B = new_list(XLen+1),
B :: 0..1,
foreach(I in 1..XLen)
Xis #= (X[I] #= S),
(Xis #=> (B[I+1] #= 1))
#/\ ((#~ Xis #= 1) #=> (B[I] #= B[I+1]))
#/\ ((#~ B[I] #= 1) #=> (X[I] #!= T))
end,
B[1] #= 0.</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>1 = 1
{{{1}}}
2 = 2
{{{1,2}},{{1},{2}}}
3 = 5
{{{1,2,3}},{{1,2},{3}},{{1,3},{2}},{{1},{2,3}},{{1},{2},{3}}}
4 = 15
{{{1,2,3,4}},{{1,2,3},{4}},{{1,2,4},{3}},{{1,2},{3,4}},{{1,2},{3},{4}},{{1,3,4},{2}},{{1,3},{2,4}},{{1,3},{2},{4}},{{1,4},{2,3}},{{1},{2,3,4}},{{1},{2,3},{4}},{{1,4},{2},{3}},{{1},{2,4},{3}},{{1},{2},{3,4}},{{1},{2},{3},{4}}}
5 = 52
6 = 203
7 = 877
8 = 4140
9 = 21147
10 = 115975</pre>
=={{header|PicoLisp}}==
<
(make
(setq L (link (list 1)))
Line 2,400 ⟶ 3,516:
(prinl "First ten rows:")
(for N 10
(println (get L N)) )</
{{out}}
<pre>
Line 2,435 ⟶ 3,551:
=={{header|Prolog}}==
{{works with|SWI Prolog}}
<
bell(N, Bell, [], _).
Line 2,479 ⟶ 3,595:
writef('\n50th Bell number: %w\n', [Number]),
writef('\nFirst 10 rows of Bell triangle:\n'),
print_bell_rows(Bell, 10).</
{{out}}
Line 2,519 ⟶ 3,635:
{{trans|D}}
{{Works with|Python|2.7}}
<
tri = [None] * n
for i in xrange(n):
Line 2,541 ⟶ 3,657:
print bt[i]
main()</
{{out}}
<pre>First fifteen and fiftieth Bell numbers:
Line 2,576 ⟶ 3,692:
{{Trans|Haskell}}
{{Works with|Python|3.7}}
<
from itertools import accumulate, chain, islice
Line 2,773 ⟶ 3,889:
# MAIN ---
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()</
{{Out}}
<pre>First fifteen Bell numbers:
Line 2,809 ⟶ 3,925:
=={{header|Quackery}}==
<
rot 1 - times
[ dup -1 peek nested
Line 2,827 ⟶ 3,943:
cr cr
say "First ten rows of Bell's triangle:" cr
10 bell's-triangle witheach [ echo cr ]</
{{out}}
Line 2,852 ⟶ 3,968:
=={{header|Racket}}==
<
(define (build-bell-row previous-row)
Line 2,877 ⟶ 3,993:
(map bell-number (range 15))
(bell-number 50)
(bell-triangle 10))</
{{out}}
Line 2,901 ⟶ 4,017:
{{works with|Rakudo|2019.03}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="raku"
my @c = @b.tail;
@c.push: @b[$_] + @c[$_] for ^@b;
Line 2,913 ⟶ 4,029:
say "\nFirst ten rows of Aitken's array:";
.say for @Aitkens-array[^10];</
{{out}}
<pre>First fifteen and fiftieth Bell numbers:
Line 2,948 ⟶ 4,064:
{{works with|Rakudo|2019.03}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="raku"
my @bell = 1, -> *@s { [+] @s »*« @s.keys.map: { binomial(@s-1, $_) } } … *;
.say for @bell[^15], @bell[50 - 1];</
{{out}}
<pre>(1 1 2 5 15 52 203 877 4140 21147 115975 678570 4213597 27644437 190899322)
Line 2,960 ⟶ 4,076:
{{works with|Rakudo|2019.03}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="raku"
(1,),
{ (0, |@^last) »+« (|(@^last »*« @^last.keys), 0) } … *
Line 2,966 ⟶ 4,082:
my @bell = @Stirling_numbers_of_the_second_kind.map: *.sum;
.say for @bell.head(15), @bell[50 - 1];</
{{out}}
<pre>(1 1 2 5 15 52 203 877 4140 21147 115975 678570 4213597 27644437 190899322)
Line 2,980 ⟶ 4,096:
Also, see this task's [https://rosettacode.org/wiki/Talk:Bell_numbers#size_of_Bell_numbers ''discussion''] to view how the sizes of Bell numbers increase in relation to its index.
<
parse arg LO HI . /*obtain optional arguments from the CL*/
if LO=='' & HI=="" then do; LO=0; HI=14; end /*Not specified? Then use the default.*/
Line 3,003 ⟶ 4,119:
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
fact: procedure expose !.; parse arg x; if !.x\==. then return !.x; != 1
do f=2 for x-1; != ! * f; end; !.x= !; return !</
{{out|output|text= when using the internal default inputs of: <tt> 0 14 </tt>}}
<pre>
Line 3,026 ⟶ 4,142:
Bell(49) = 10,726,137,154,573,358,400,342,215,518,590,002,633,917,247,281
</pre>
=={{header|RPL}}==
{{works with|HP|48}}
≪ → n
≪ { 1 }
'''WHILE''' 'n' DECR '''REPEAT'''
DUP DUP SIZE GET 1 →LIST
1 3 PICK SIZE '''FOR''' j
OVER j GET OVER j GET + +
'''NEXT''' SWAP DROP
'''END''' HEAD
≫ ≫ ‘<span style="color:blue">BELL</span>’ STO
'''Variant with a better use of the stack'''
Slightly faster then, although more wordy:
≪ → n
≪ { 1 } 1
'''WHILE''' 'n' DECR '''REPEAT'''
DUP 1 →LIST
1 4 PICK SIZE '''FOR''' j
3 PICK j GET ROT + SWAP OVER +
'''NEXT''' ROT DROP SWAP
'''END''' DROP HEAD
≫ ≫ ‘<span style="color:blue">BELL</span>’ STO
≪ {} 1 15 '''FOR''' n n <span style="color:blue">BELL</span> + '''NEXT''' ≫ EVAL
{{out}}
<pre>
1: { 1 1 2 5 15 52 203 877 4140 21147 115975 678570 4213597 27644437 190899322 }
</pre>
It makes no sense to display 10 rows of the Bell triangle on a screen limited to 22 characters and 7 lines in the best case.
=={{header|Ruby}}==
{{trans|D}}
<
tri = Array.new(n)
for i in 0 .. n - 1 do
Line 3,062 ⟶ 4,210:
end
main()</
{{out}}
<pre>First fifteen and fiftieth Bell numbers:
Line 3,097 ⟶ 4,245:
{{trans|D}}
{{libheader|num|0.2}}
<
fn main() {
Line 3,128 ⟶ 4,276:
tri
}
</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
Line 3,152 ⟶ 4,300:
=={{header|Scala}}==
{{trans|Java}}
<
object BellNumbers {
Line 3,211 ⟶ 4,359:
}
}
}</
{{out}}
<pre>First fifteen Bell numbers:
Line 3,239 ⟶ 4,387:
4140, 5017, 6097, 7432, 9089, 11155, 13744, 17007, 21147
21147, 25287, 30304, 36401, 43833, 52922, 64077, 77821, 94828, 115975</pre>
=={{header|Scheme}}==
{{works with|Chez Scheme}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="scheme">; Given the remainder of the previous row and the final cons of the current row,
; extend (in situ) the current row to be a complete row of the Bell triangle.
; Return the final value in the extended row (for use in computing the following row).
(define bell-triangle-row-extend
(lambda (prevrest thisend)
(cond
((null? prevrest)
(car thisend))
(else
(set-cdr! thisend (list (+ (car prevrest) (car thisend))))
(bell-triangle-row-extend (cdr prevrest) (cdr thisend))))))
; Return the Bell triangle of rows 0 through N (as a list of lists).
(define bell-triangle
(lambda (n)
(let* ((tri (list (list 1)))
(triend tri)
(rowendval (caar tri)))
(do ((index 0 (1+ index)))
((>= index n) tri)
(let ((nextrow (list rowendval)))
(set! rowendval (bell-triangle-row-extend (car triend) nextrow))
(set-cdr! triend (list nextrow))
(set! triend (cdr triend)))))))
; Print out the Bell numbers 0 through 19 and 49 thgough 51.
; (The Bell numbers are the first number on each row of the Bell triangle.)
(printf "~%The Bell numbers:~%")
(let loop ((triangle (bell-triangle 51)) (count 0))
(when (pair? triangle)
(when (or (<= count 19) (>= count 49))
(printf " ~2d: ~:d~%" count (caar triangle)))
(loop (cdr triangle) (1+ count))))
; Print out the Bell triangle of 10 rows.
(printf "~%First 10 rows of the Bell triangle:~%")
(let rowloop ((triangle (bell-triangle 9)))
(when (pair? triangle)
(let eleloop ((rowlist (car triangle)))
(when (pair? rowlist)
(printf " ~7:d" (car rowlist))
(eleloop (cdr rowlist))))
(newline)
(rowloop (cdr triangle))))</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>The Bell numbers:
0: 1
1: 1
2: 2
3: 5
4: 15
5: 52
6: 203
7: 877
8: 4,140
9: 21,147
10: 115,975
11: 678,570
12: 4,213,597
13: 27,644,437
14: 190,899,322
15: 1,382,958,545
16: 10,480,142,147
17: 82,864,869,804
18: 682,076,806,159
19: 5,832,742,205,057
49: 10,726,137,154,573,358,400,342,215,518,590,002,633,917,247,281
50: 185,724,268,771,078,270,438,257,767,181,908,917,499,221,852,770
51: 3,263,983,870,004,111,524,856,951,830,191,582,524,419,255,819,477
First 10 rows of the Bell triangle:
1
1 2
2 3 5
5 7 10 15
15 20 27 37 52
52 67 87 114 151 203
203 255 322 409 523 674 877
877 1,080 1,335 1,657 2,066 2,589 3,263 4,140
4,140 5,017 6,097 7,432 9,089 11,155 13,744 17,007 21,147
21,147 25,287 30,304 36,401 43,833 52,922 64,077 77,821 94,828 115,975</pre>
=={{header|Sidef}}==
Built-in:
<
Formula as a sum of Stirling numbers of the second kind:
<
Via Aitken's array (optimized for space):
<
var acc = []
Line 3,264 ⟶ 4,499:
var B = bell_numbers(50)
say "The first 15 Bell numbers: #{B.first(15).join(', ')}"
say "The fiftieth Bell number : #{B[50-1]}"</
{{out}}
<pre>
Line 3,272 ⟶ 4,507:
Aitken's array:
<
var A = [1]
Line 3,281 ⟶ 4,516:
}
aitken_array(10).each { .say }</
{{out}}
<pre>
Line 3,297 ⟶ 4,532:
Aitken's array (recursive definition):
<
func A(n, (0)) { A(n-1, n-1) }
func A(n, k) is cached { A(n, k-1) + A(n-1, k-1) }
Line 3,303 ⟶ 4,538:
for n in (^10) {
say (0..n -> map{|k| A(n, k) })
}</
(same output as above)
Line 3,311 ⟶ 4,546:
{{trans|Kotlin}}
<
@usableFromInline
var arr: [T]
Line 3,353 ⟶ 4,588:
print()
}</
{{out}}
Line 3,384 ⟶ 4,619:
21147, 25287, 30304, 36401, 43833, 52922, 64077, 77821, 94828, 115975</pre>
=={{header|
{{trans|
<syntaxhighlight lang="v (vlang)">import math.big
fn bell_triangle(n int) [][]big.Integer {
mut tri := [][]big.Integer{len: n}
tri[i] = []big.Integer{len: i}
tri[1][0] = big.integer_from_u64(1)
for i in 2..n {
tri[i][0] = tri[i-1][i-2]
}
}
}
fn main() {
bt := bell_triangle(51)
println("First fifteen and fiftieth Bell numbers:")
for
println("${i:2}:
println("50: ${bt[50][0]}")
println("\nThe first ten rows of Bell's triangle:")
for i := 1; i <= 10; i++ {
}
}</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>
First fifteen and fiftieth Bell numbers:
1: 1
2: 1
Line 3,469 ⟶ 4,684:
[877, 1080, 1335, 1657, 2066, 2589, 3263, 4140]
[4140, 5017, 6097, 7432, 9089, 11155, 13744, 17007, 21147]
[21147, 25287, 30304, 36401, 43833, 52922, 64077, 77821, 94828, 115975
</pre>
=={{header|Wren}}==
{{trans|Go}}
{{libheader|Wren-fmt}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="wren">import "./big" for BigInt
var bellTriangle = Fn.new { |n|
var tri = List.filled(n,
for (i in 0...n)
tri[
for (j in 0...i) tri[i][j] = BigInt.zero
}
tri[1][0] = BigInt.one
for (i in 2...n) {
tri[i][0] = tri[i-1][i-2]
Line 3,490 ⟶ 4,709:
}
var bt = bellTriangle.call(
System.print("First fifteen and fiftieth Bell numbers:")
for (i in 1..15)
Fmt.print("$2d: $,i", 50, bt[50][0])
System.print("\nThe first ten rows of Bell's triangle:")
for (i in 1..10)
{{out}}
<pre>
First fifteen and fiftieth Bell numbers:
1: 1
2: 1
Line 3,507 ⟶ 4,727:
7: 203
8: 877
9:
10:
11:
12:
13:
14:
15:
50: 10,726,137,154,573,358,400,342,215,518,590,002,633,917,247,281
The first ten rows of Bell's triangle:
1
1 2
4,140 5,017 6,097 7,432 9,089 11,155 13,744 17,007 21,147
21,147 25,287 30,304 36,401 43,833 52,922 64,077 77,821 94,828 115,975
</pre>
=={{header|XPL0}}==
{{trans|Delphi}}
32-bit integer are required to calculate the first 15 Bell numbers.
{{works with|EXPL-32}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="xpl0">
\Bell numbers
code CrLf=9, IntOut=11, Text=12;
define MaxN = 14;
integer A(MaxN), I, J, N;
begin
for I:= 0 to MaxN - 1 do A(I):= 0;
N:= 0; A(0):= 1;
Text(0, "B("); IntOut(0, N); Text(0, ") = "); IntOut(0, A(0)); CrLf(0);
while N < MaxN do
begin
A(N):= A(0);
for J:= N downto 1 do A(J - 1):= A(J - 1) + A(J);
N:= N + 1;
Text(0, "B("); IntOut(0, N); Text(0, ") = "); IntOut(0, A(0)); CrLf(0)
end;
end
</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>
B(0) = 1
B(1) = 1
B(2) = 2
B(3) = 5
B(4) = 15
B(5) = 52
B(6) = 203
B(7) = 877
B(8) = 4140
B(9) = 21147
B(10) = 115975
B(11) = 678570
B(12) = 4213597
B(13) = 27644437
B(14) = 190899322
</pre>
=={{header|zkl}}==
<
Walker.zero().tweak('wrap(row){
row.insert(0,row[-1]);
Line 3,535 ⟶ 4,798:
wantRow and row or row[-1]
}.fp(List(start))).push(start,start);
}</
<
bellTriangleW().walk(15).println();</
{{out}}
<pre>
Line 3,543 ⟶ 4,806:
L(1,1,2,5,15,52,203,877,4140,21147,115975,678570,4213597,27644437,190899322)
</pre>
<
bt:=bellTriangleW(1,True); do(11){ println(bt.next()) }</
{{out}}
<pre>
Line 3,561 ⟶ 4,824:
</pre>
{{libheader|GMP}} GNU Multiple Precision Arithmetic Library
<
var [const] BI=Import("zklBigNum"); // libGMP
bellTriangleW(BI(1)).drop(50).value.println();</
{{out}}
<pre>
The fiftieth Bell number: 10726137154573358400342215518590002633917247281
</pre>
{{omit from|PL/0}}
{{omit from|Tiny BASIC}}
|