Simple windowed application: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 02:18, 31 October 2010

This task asks to create a window with a label that says "There have been no clicks yet" and a button that says "click me". Upon clicking the button with the mouse, the label should change and show the number of times the button has been clicked.

Ada

Library: GTK version GtkAda

Library: GtkAda

The following solution is based on bindings to GTK+. Ada as a language does not provide standard GUI. Apart from GtkAda, there exist numerous other GUI bindings and libraries: CLAW, AdaGLUT, GWindow, JEWL, win32ada, QtAda etc. <lang ada>with Gdk.Event; use Gdk.Event; with Gtk.Button; use Gtk.Button; with Gtk.Label; use Gtk.Label; with Gtk.Window; use Gtk.Window; with Gtk.Widget; use Gtk.Widget; with Gtk.Table; use Gtk.Table;

with Gtk.Handlers; with Gtk.Main;

procedure Simple_Windowed_Application is

  Window : Gtk_Window;
  Grid   : Gtk_Table;
  Button : Gtk_Button;
  Label  : Gtk_Label;
  Count  : Natural := 0;

  package Handlers is new Gtk.Handlers.Callback (Gtk_Widget_Record);
  package Return_Handlers is
     new Gtk.Handlers.Return_Callback (Gtk_Widget_Record, Boolean);

  function Delete_Event (Widget : access Gtk_Widget_Record'Class)
     return Boolean is
  begin
     return False;
  end Delete_Event;

  procedure Destroy (Widget : access Gtk_Widget_Record'Class) is
  begin
    Gtk.Main.Main_Quit;
  end Destroy;

  procedure Clicked (Widget : access Gtk_Widget_Record'Class) is
  begin
    Count := Count + 1;
    Set_Text (Label, "The button clicks:" & Natural'Image (Count));
  end Clicked;

begin

  Gtk.Main.Init;
  Gtk.Window.Gtk_New (Window);
  Gtk_New (Grid, 1, 2, False);
  Add (Window, Grid);
  Gtk_New (Label, "There have been no clicks yet");
  Attach (Grid, Label, 0, 1, 0, 1);
  Gtk_New (Button, "Click me");
  Attach (Grid, Button, 0, 1, 1, 2);
  Return_Handlers.Connect
  (  Window,
     "delete_event",
     Return_Handlers.To_Marshaller (Delete_Event'Access)
  );
  Handlers.Connect
  (  Window,
     "destroy",
     Handlers.To_Marshaller (Destroy'Access)
  );
  Handlers.Connect
  (  Button,
     "clicked",
     Handlers.To_Marshaller (Clicked'Access)
  );
  Show_All (Grid);
  Show (Window);

  Gtk.Main.Main;

end Simple_Windowed_Application;</lang>

AutoHotkey

<lang Autohotkey>; Create simple windowed application

  Gui, Add, Text, vTextCtl, There have been no clicks yet ; add a Text-Control
  Gui, Add, Button, gButtonClick xm, click me ; add a Button-Control
  Gui, Show, , Simple windowed application ; show the Window

Return ; end of the auto-execute section

ButtonClick: ; the subroutine executed each time the Button-Control is clicked

  count++ ; increment the click-counting var
  GuiControl, , TextCtl, %count% ; update the Text-Control with the click-counting var

Return ; end of the subroutine

GuiClose: ; the subroutine executed when the Window is closed

  ExitApp ; exit this process

Return</lang>

C

Library: GTK

<lang c>#include <stdio.h>

include <gtk/gtk.h>

const gchar *clickme = "Click Me"; guint counter = 0;

define MAXLEN 64

void clickedme(GtkButton *o, gpointer d) {

   GtkLabel *l = GTK_LABEL(d);
   char nt[MAXLEN];
   
   counter++;
   snprintf(nt, MAXLEN, "You clicked me %d times", counter);
   gtk_label_set_text(l, nt);

}

int main(int argc, char **argv) {

   GtkWindow *win;
   GtkButton *button;
   GtkLabel *label;
   GtkVBox *vbox;

   gtk_init(&argc, &argv);
   win = (GtkWindow*)gtk_window_new(GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL);
   gtk_window_set_title(win, clickme);
   button = (GtkButton*)gtk_button_new_with_label(clickme);
   label = (GtkLabel*)gtk_label_new("There have been no clicks yet");
   gtk_label_set_single_line_mode(label, TRUE);
   vbox = (GtkVBox*)gtk_vbox_new(TRUE, 1);
   gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(vbox), GTK_WIDGET(label));
   gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(vbox), GTK_WIDGET(button));
   gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(win), GTK_WIDGET(vbox));
   g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(win), "delete-event", (GCallback)gtk_main_quit, NULL);
   g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(button), "clicked", (GCallback)clickedme, label);
   gtk_widget_show_all(GTK_WIDGET(win));
   gtk_main();
   return 0;

}</lang>

C++

Library: Qt

4.4 with source files as shown , built from a Makefile generated by the Qt tool qmake

clickcounter.h

<lang C++>#ifndef CLICKCOUNTER_H

define CLICKCOUNTER_H

include <QWidget>

class QLabel ; class QPushButton ; class QVBoxLayout ;

class Counter : public QWidget {

   Q_OBJECT

public :

  Counter( QWidget * parent = 0 ) ;

private :

  int number ;
  QLabel *countLabel ;
  QPushButton *clicker ;
  QVBoxLayout *myLayout ;

private slots :

  void countClicks( ) ;

} ;

endif</lang>

clickcounter.cpp

<lang C++>#include <QPushButton>

include <QLabel>
include <QVBoxLayout>
include "clickcounter.h"

Counter::Counter( QWidget * parent ) : QWidget( parent ) {

  number = 0 ;
  countLabel = new QLabel( "There have been no clicks yet!" ) ;
  clicker = new QPushButton( "click me" ) ;
  connect ( clicker , SIGNAL( clicked( ) ) , this , SLOT( countClicks( ) ) ) ;
  myLayout = new QVBoxLayout ;
  myLayout->addWidget( countLabel ) ;
  myLayout->addWidget( clicker ) ;
  setLayout( myLayout ) ;

}

void Counter::countClicks( ) {

  number++ ;
  countLabel->setText( QString( "The button has been clicked %1 times!").arg( number ) ) ;

}</lang>

main.cpp

<lang C++>#include <QApplication>

include "clickcounter.h"

int main( int argc , char *argv[ ] ) {

  QApplication app( argc , argv ) ;
  Counter counter ;
  counter.show( ) ;
  return app.exec( ) ;

}</lang>

C#

<lang csharp>using System.Windows.Forms;

class RosettaForm : Form {

   RosettaForm()
   {
       var clickCount = 0;

       var label = new Label();
       label.Text = "There have been no clicks yet.";
       label.Dock = DockStyle.Top;
       Controls.Add(label);

       var button = new Button();
       button.Text = "Click Me";
       button.Dock = DockStyle.Bottom;
       button.Click += delegate
                       {
                           clickCount++;
                           label.Text = "Number of clicks: " + clickCount + ".";
                       };
       Controls.Add(button);
   }

   static void Main()
   {
       Application.Run(new RosettaForm());
   }

} </lang>

Common Lisp

Library: CLIM

Works with: McCLIM

<lang lisp>(defpackage #:rcswa

 (:use #:clim #:clim-lisp))

(in-package #:rcswa)</lang>

This version uses CLIM's command system:

<lang lisp>(define-application-frame simple-windowed-application ()

 ((clicks :initform 0
          :accessor clicks-of))
 (:menu-bar t)
 (:pane
  (make-pane 'application-pane
             :width '(40 :character)
             :height '(3 :character)
             :display-time :command-loop
             :display-function
               (lambda (pane stream)
                 (declare (ignore pane))
                 (format stream "~[There have been no clicks yet.~
                                   ~:;~:*There ~[have~;has~:;have~]~:* been ~R click~:P.~]"
                         (clicks-of *application-frame*))))))

(define-simple-windowed-application-command (com-click-me :menu t)

 ()
 (incf (clicks-of *application-frame*)))</lang>

This version uses an explicit pushbutton gadget, and may be used if more direct control over the UI layout and behavior is needed:

<lang lisp>(define-application-frame simple-windowed-application ()

 ((clicks :initform 0
          :accessor clicks-of))
 (:panes
  (the-label :application
             :width '(40 :character)
             :height '(3 :character)
             :display-time t
             :display-function
               (lambda (pane stream)
                 (declare (ignore pane))
                 (format stream "~[There have been no clicks yet.~
                                   ~:;~:*There ~[have~;has~:;have~]~:* been ~R click~:P.~]"
                         (clicks-of *application-frame*))))
  (the-button :push-button
              :label "Click Me"
              :activate-callback
                (lambda (button)
                  (declare (ignore button))
                  (incf (clicks-of *application-frame*))
                  (redisplay-frame-pane *application-frame*
                                        (find-pane-named *application-frame* 'the-label)
                                        :force-p t))))
 (:layouts (default
            (vertically (:equalize-width nil :align-x :center)
              the-label
              (spacing (:thickness 10) the-button)))))</lang>

In either case, the window is opened with:

<lang lisp>(run-frame-top-level (make-application-frame 'simple-windowed-application))</lang>

D

DFL

Works with: D version 1

Library: DFL

<lang d>module winapp ; import dfl.all ; import std.string ;

class MainForm: Form {

 Label label ;
 Button button ;
 this() {
   width = 240 ;
   with(label = new Label) {
     text = "There have been no clicks yet" ;
     dock = DockStyle.TOP ;
     parent = this ;     
   }
   with(button = new Button) {
     dock = DockStyle.BOTTOM ;
     text = "Click Me" ;
     parent = this ;
     click ~= &onClickButton ;
   }
   height = label.height + button.height + 36 ;
 }
 private void onClickButton(Object sender, EventArgs ea) {
   static int count = 0 ;
   label.text = "You had been clicked me " ~ std.string.toString(++count) ~ " times." ;
 }

}

void main() {

   Application.run(new MainForm);

}</lang>

Hybrid

Works with: D version 1

Library: Hybrid

Hybrid uses config files to describe GUI layout. SimpleWindow.cfg:

import "themes/default.cfg"

new FramedTopLevelWindow main {
	frame.text = "Simple Window";

	new Label label {
		text = "There have been no clicks yet";
	}

	new Button button {
		text = "Click me";
		size = 201 20;
	}
}

SimpleWindow.d: <lang d>module SimpleWindow; import tango.text.convert.Integer; import tango.core.Thread; // For Thread.yield

import xf.hybrid.Hybrid; //For widgets and general API import xf.hybrid.backend.GL; // For OpenGL Renderer

void main() { //load config file scope cfg = loadHybridConfig(`./SimpleWindow.cfg`); scope renderer = new Renderer; auto counter = 0;

bool programRunning = true; while (programRunning) { // Tell Hybrid what config to use gui.begin(cfg); // Exit program if user clicks the Close button if (gui().getProperty!(bool)("main.frame.closeClicked")) { programRunning = false; } // Update text on the label if (counter != 0) Label("main.label").text = toString(counter); // Increment counter if the button has been clicked if (Button("main.button").clicked) { counter++; } // Finalize. Prepare to render gui.end(); // Render window using OpenGL Renderer gui.render(renderer);

Thread.yield(); } }</lang>

Delphi

Works with: Delphi version 5.0

Creating a "basic windowed application" in Delphi is quite simple. Start up the IDE and the default application is a single windowed app. This will have two files, the main project file "project1" and a unit file, "unit1". What I a going to do here is going to be somewhat different. I will do it all dynamically from the main "program file". Create this in any text editor and you can then either open it in the IDE to build it, or invoke the command line compiler. There is quite a bit going on behind the scenes with the VCL and the RTL.

Filename = SingleWinApp.dpr

NOTE: The project name here must match the name of the file.

<lang delphi>-- begin file --

  Program SingleWinApp ;

  // This is the equivalent of the C #include
  Uses Forms, Windows, Messages, Classes, Graphics, Controls, StdCtrls ;

  type
    
    // The only reason for this declaration is to allow the connection of the
    // on click method to the forms button object. This class declaration adds
    // a procedure.

    TMainForm class(tform) 
      Procedure AddClicks(sender : tObject);
    end;

  // Use these globals.  
  var
 
    MainForm : tForm ;
    aLabel   : tLabel ;
    aButton  : tButton ;
    i        : integer = 0 ;

   // This is the Method call that we connect to the button object
   // to start counting the clicks.
   Procedure tMainForm.AddClicks(sender :tObject)
   begin
     inc(i);
     aLabel.Caption := IntToStr(i) + ' Clicks since startup' ;
   end;

   Begin
     // Do all the behind the scenes stuff that sets up the Windows environment 
     Application.Initialize ;

     // Create the form
     
     // Forms can either be created with an owner, like I have done here, or with
     // the owner set to Nil. In pascal (all versions of Borland) NIL is a
     // reserved, (the equivalent of NULL in Ansi C) word and un-sets any pointer 
     // variable. Setting the owner to the application object will ensure that the form is
     // freed by the application object when the application shuts down. If I had set
     // the owner to NIL then i would have had to make sure I freed the form explicitly
     // or it would have been orphaned, thus creating a memory leak.

     // I must direct your attention to the CreateNew constructor.  This is 
     // a non standard usage.  Normally the constructor Create() will call this
     // as part of the initialization routine for the form. Normally as you drop
     // various components on a form in deign mode, a DFM file is created with 
     // all the various initial states of the controls. This bypasses the 
     // DFM file altogether although all components AND the form are created
     // with default values. (see the Delphi help file).

     MainForm          := tMainForm.CreateNew(Application);
     MainForm.Parent   := Application ;
     MainForm.Position := poScreenCenter ;
     MainForm.Caption  := 'Single Window Application' ;

     // Create the Label, set its owner as MaiaForm
     aLabel          := tLabel.Create(mainForm);
     aLabel.Parent   := MainForm;
     aLabel.Caption  := IntToStr(i) + ' Clicks since startup' ;
     aLabel.Left     := 20 ;
     aLabel.Top      := MainForm.ClientRect.Bottom div 2 ;

     // Create the button, set its owner to MainForm
     aButton         := tButton.Create(MainForm);
     aButton.Parent  := MainForm ;
     aButton.Caption := 'Click Me!';
     aButton.Left    := (MainForm.ClientRect.Right div 2)-(aButton.Width div 2 );
     aButton.Top     := MainForm.ClientRect.Bottom - aButton.Height - 10 ;
     aButton.OnClick := AddClicks ;

     // Show the main form, Modaly. The ONLY reason to do this is because in this
     // demonstration if you only call the SHOW method, the form will appear and
     // disappear in a split second.
     MainForm.ShowModal ;
     
     Application.Run ;

  end. // Program</lang>

E

Library: Swing

Works with: E-on-Java

<lang e>when (currentVat.morphInto("awt")) -> {

   var clicks := 0
   def w := <swing:makeJFrame>("Rosetta Code 'Simple Windowed Application'")
   w.setContentPane(JPanel`
       ${def l := <swing:makeJLabel>("There have been no clicks yet.")} $\
           ${def b := <swing:makeJButton>("Click Me")}
   `)
   b.addActionListener(def _ {
       to actionPerformed(_) { 
           clicks += 1
           l.setText(`Number of clicks: $clicks`)
       }
   })
   w.pack()
   w.show()

}</lang>

Forth

Works with: bigFORTH

Library: MINOS

<lang forth>also minos text-label ptr click-label Variable click# click# off

click-win ( -- ) screen self window new window with

   X" There have been no clicks yet" text-label new
     dup F bind click-label
   ^ S[ 1 click# +!
        click# @ 0 <# #S s" Number of clicks: " holds #>
        click-label assign ]S X" Click me" button new
   &2 vabox new panel s" Clicks" assign show endwith ;

click-win</lang>

The same with Theseus

Library: Theseus

<lang forth>#! xbigforth \ automatic generated code \ do not edit

also editor also minos also forth

component class ccount public:

 early widget
 early open
 early dialog
 early open-app
 text-label ptr click#
( [varstart] ) cell var clicks ( [varend] )

how:

 : open     new DF[ 0 ]DF s" Click counter" open-component ;
 : dialog   new DF[ 0 ]DF s" Click counter" open-dialog ;
 : open-app new DF[ 0 ]DF s" Click counter" open-application ;

class;

ccount implements

( [methodstart] )  ( [methodend] )
 : widget  ( [dumpstart] )
       X" There have been no clicks yet" text-label new  ^^bind click#
       ^^ S[ 1 clicks +!

clicks @ 0 <# #S s" Number of clicks: " holds #> click# assign ]S ( MINOS ) X" Click me" button new

     &2 vabox new panel
   ( [dumpend] ) ;
 : init  ^>^^  assign  widget 1 :: init ;

class;

main

 ccount open-app
 $1 0 ?DO  stop  LOOP bye ;

script? [IF] main [THEN] previous previous previous</lang>

Groovy

<lang groovy>import groovy.swing.SwingBuilder

count = 0 new SwingBuilder().edt {

 frame(title:'Click frame', pack: true, show: true) {
   vbox {  
     countLabel = label("There have been no clicks yet.")
     button('Click Me', actionPerformed: {count++; countLabel.text = "Clicked ${count} time(s)."})
   }
 }

}</lang>

with binding: <lang groovy>import groovy.swing.SwingBuilder import groovy.beans.Bindable

@Bindable class Model {

  Integer count = 0

} model = new Model() new SwingBuilder().edt {

 frame(title:'Click frame', pack: true, show: true) {
   vbox {  
     label(text: bind(source: model, sourceProperty: 'count',
       converter: { v -> !v ? "There have been no clicks yet." : "Clicked ${v} time(s)."}))
     button('Click Me', actionPerformed: {model.count++})
   }
 }

}</lang>

Haskell

Library: Gtk

from HackageDB

<lang haskell>import Graphics.UI.Gtk import Data.Array.IO

main :: IO () main = do

 initGUI
 window <- windowNew
 window `onDestroy` mainQuit
 windowSetTitle window "Simple Windowed App"
 set window [ containerBorderWidth := 10 ]

 hbox <- hBoxNew True 5

 set window [ containerChild := hbox ]
 
 lab <- labelNew (Just "There have been no clicks yet")
 button <- buttonNewWithLabel "Click me"
 set hbox [ containerChild := lab ]
 set hbox [ containerChild := button ]
 
 m <- newArray (1,1) 0 :: IO (IOArray Int Int)

 onClicked button $ do
   v <- readArray m 1
   writeArray m 1 (v+1)
   set lab [ labelText := "There have been " ++ show (v+1) ++ " clicks" ]

 widgetShowAll window

 mainGUI</lang>

HicEst

<lang hicest> CHARACTER label="There have been no clicks yet"

   DO count = 1, 1E100 ! "forever"
     DLG(Button="Click me", Width=3, TItle=label) ! Width=3 to display full length label
     label = "Clicked " // count // "time(s)"
   ENDDO

END</lang>

IDL

<lang idl>pro counter, ev

 widget_control, ev.top, get_uvalue=tst
 tst[1] = tst[1]+1
 widget_control, tst[0], set_value="Number of clicks: "+string(tst[1],format='(i0)')
 widget_control, ev.top, set_uvalue=tst

end

id = widget_base(title = 'Window Title',column=1) ld = widget_label(id, value = 'There have been no clicks yet.') widget_control, /realize, id, set_uvalue=[ld,0] dummy = widget_button(id,value=' Click Me ',event_pro='counter') xmanager, "Simple", Id

end</lang>

J

<lang j>SIMPLEAPP=: noun define pc simpleApp; xywh 131 11 44 12;cc inc button;cn "Click me"; xywh 7 10 115 11;cc shownText static;cn "There have been no clicks yet."; pas 6 6;pcenter; rem form end; )

simpleApp_run=: verb define

 wd SIMPLEAPP
 simpleApp_accum=: 0   NB. initialize accumulator
 wd 'pshow;'

)

simpleApp_inc_button=: verb define

 wd 'set shownText *','Button-use count:  ',": simpleApp_accum=: >: simpleApp_accum

)

simpleApp_close=: wd bind 'pclose' simpleApp_cancel=: simpleApp_close

simpleApp_run</lang>

Java

Library: AWT

Library: Swing

<lang java>import java.awt.BorderLayout; import java.awt.event.ActionEvent; import java.awt.event.ActionListener; import javax.swing.JButton; import javax.swing.JFrame; import javax.swing.JLabel; public class Clicks extends JFrame implements ActionListener{ private long clicks = 0; private JLabel label; private JButton clicker; private String text;

public Clicks(){ text = "There have been no clicks yet"; label = new JLabel(text); clicker = new JButton("click me"); clicker.addActionListener(this);//listen to the button setLayout(new BorderLayout());//handles placement of components add(label,BorderLayout.CENTER);//add the label to the biggest section add(clicker,BorderLayout.SOUTH);//put the button underneath it setSize(300,200);//stretch out the window setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);//stop the program on "X" setVisible(true);//show it } public static void main(String[] args){ new Clicks();//call the constructor where all the magic happens } public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent arg0) { if(arg0.getSource() == clicker){//if they clicked the button text = "There have been " + (++clicks) + " clicks"; label.setText(text);//change the text }

} }</lang>

JavaFX Script

Library: JavaFX 1.2

<lang javafx>import javafx.stage.*; import javafx.scene.*; import javafx.scene.layout.*; import javafx.scene.control.*;

Stage {

  scene: Scene {
     width: 300 height: 200
     content: VBox {
        var clicks: Integer;

        spacing: 10
        content: [
           Label {
              def varText = bind if (clicks == 0) then "no clicks yet" else "{clicks} clicks"
              text : bind "There have been {varText}"
           }
           Button {
              text: "click me"
              onMouseClicked: function(e) { clicks++; }
           }
        ]
     }
  }

}</lang>

Liberty BASIC

<lang lb>nomainwin

   button #demo.btn, "Click Me", [btnClick], UL, 20, 50
   statictext #demo.num, "There have been no clicks yet.", 20, 100, 240, 30
   open "Rosetta Task: Simple windowed application" for window as #demo
   #demo "trapclose [quit]"
   nClicks = 0

wait

[quit]

   close #demo

end

[btnClick]

   nClicks = nClicks + 1
   #demo.num "The button has been clicked ";nClicks;" times."

wait</lang>

Lua

<lang lua>require"iuplua" l = iup.label{title="There have been no clicks yet."} b = iup.button{title="Click me!"} clicks = 0 function b:button_cb()

 clicks = clicks + 1
 l.title = "There have been " .. clicks/2 .. " clicks so far." --yes, this is correct.

end dlg = iup.dialog{iup.vbox{l, b}, title="Simple Windowed Application"} dlg:show()

if (not iup.MainLoopLevel or iup.MainLoopLevel()==0) then

 iup.MainLoop()

end</lang>

MAXScript

<lang maxscript>rollout buttonClick "Button Click" (

   label l "There have been no clicks yet"
   button clickMe "Click me"
   local clickCount = 0

   on clickMe pressed do
   (
       clickCount += 1
       l.text = ("Number of clicks: " + clickCount as string)
   )

) createDialog buttonClick</lang>

Modula-3

Library: Trestle

This code uses Trestle, a windowing toolkit developed for Modula-3. <lang modula3>MODULE Click EXPORTS Main;

IMPORT Fmt, TextVBT, ButtonVBT, VBT, Axis, HVSplit, TrestleComm, Trestle;

VAR label := TextVBT.New("There have been no clicks yet.");

   button := ButtonVBT.New(TextVBT.New("Click me!"), Clicked);
   main := HVSplit.Cons(Axis.T.Ver, label, button, adjustable := FALSE);
   count := 0;

PROCEDURE Clicked(<*UNUSED*>button: ButtonVBT.T; <*UNUSED*>READONLY cd: VBT.MouseRec) =

 BEGIN
   INC(count);
   TextVBT.Put(label, "Button pressed: " & Fmt.Int(count));
 END Clicked;

<*FATAL TrestleComm.Failure*> BEGIN

 Trestle.Install(main);
 Trestle.AwaitDelete(main);

END Click.</lang>

To compile the above code, you need to create a file called m3makefile which contains:

import("ui")
import("libm3")
implementation("Click")
program("Click")

Objective-C

Works with: GNUstep

<lang objc>#include <Foundation/Foundation.h>

include <AppKit/AppKit.h>

@interface ClickMe : NSWindow {

 NSButton *button;
 NSTextField *text;
 int counter;

} - (void)applicationDidFinishLaunching: (NSNotification *)notification; - (BOOL)applicationShouldTerminateAfterLastWindowClosed: (NSNotification *)notification; - (void)advanceCounter: (id)sender; @end</lang>

<lang objc>@implementation ClickMe : NSWindow -(id) init {

 NSRect buttonRect;
 int totalWindowHeight;

 counter = 0;
 button = [[NSButton alloc] init];
 [button setButtonType: NSToggleButton];
 [button setTitle: @"Click Me"];
 [button sizeToFit];
 [button setTarget: self];
 [button setAction: @selector(advanceCounter:)];
 buttonRect = [button frame];

 text = [[NSTextField alloc]

initWithFrame: NSMakeRect(buttonRect.origin.x, buttonRect.size.height, buttonRect.size.width, buttonRect.size.height)];

 [text setAlignment: NSCenterTextAlignment];
 [text setEditable: NO];
 [text setStringValue: @"There have been no clicks yet"];
 [text sizeToFit];

 // reset size of button according to size of (larger...?) text
 [button 
   setFrameSize: NSMakeSize( [text frame].size.width, buttonRect.size.height ) ];

 totalWindowHeight = buttonRect.size.height + [text frame].size.height;

 [self 
   initWithContentRect: NSMakeRect(100, 100,

[text frame].size.width, totalWindowHeight)

   styleMask: (NSTitledWindowMask | NSClosableWindowMask)
   backing: NSBackingStoreBuffered
   defer: NO];

 [[self contentView] addSubview: text];   [text release];
 [[self contentView] addSubview: button]; [button release];

 [self setTitle: @"Click Me!"];
 [self center];

 return self;

}

-(void) dealloc {

 [button release];
 [text release];
 [super dealloc];

}

- (void)applicationDidFinishLaunching: (NSNotification *)notification {

 [self orderFront: self];

}

- (BOOL)applicationShouldTerminateAfterLastWindowClosed: (NSNotification *)notification {

 return YES;

}

- (void)advanceCounter: (id)sender {

 counter++;
 [text setStringValue: [NSString stringWithFormat: @"Clicked %d times", counter]];

} @end

int main() {

 ClickMe *clickme;
 NSAutoreleasePool *pool;
 NSApplication *app;

 pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];
 app =  [NSApplication sharedApplication];
 clickme = [[ClickMe alloc] init];
 [app setDelegate: clickme];
 [app run];
 [clickme release];
 [pool release];
 return 0;

}</lang>

OCaml

with Labltk, the Tk OCaml binding:

<lang ocaml>#directory "+labltk"

load "labltk.cma"

let () =

 let top = Tk.openTk() in
 Wm.title_set top "Tk-OCaml Example";
 let label = Label.create ~text:"There have been no clicks yet" top in
 let b =
   Button.create
       ~text:"click me"
       ~command:(fun () -> Tk.closeTk (); exit 0)
       top
 in
 Tk.pack [Tk.coe label; Tk.coe b];
 Tk.mainLoop ();

</lang>

with LablGTK2, the GTK2 OCaml binding:

<lang ocaml>open GMain

let window = GWindow.window ~border_width:2 () let vbox = GPack.vbox ~packing:window#add () let label = GMisc.label ~text:"There have been no clicks yet" ~packing:vbox#pack () let button = GButton.button ~label:"click me" ~packing:vbox#pack ()

let () =

 window#event#connect#delete ~callback:(fun _ -> true);
 window#connect#destroy ~callback:Main.quit;
 button#connect#clicked ~callback:window#destroy;
 window#show ();
 Main.main ()</lang>

Oz

<lang oz>functor import

  Application
  QTk at 'x-oz://system/wp/QTk.ozf'

define

  Count = {NewCell 0}
  Label
  GUI = td(action:proc {$} {Application.exit 0} end %% exit on close

label(text:"There have been no clicks yet." handle:Label) button(text:"Click Me" action:proc {$} Count := @Count + 1 {Label set(text:"Number of clicks: "#@Count#".")} end ))

  Window = {QTk.build GUI}
  {Window show}

end </lang>

Perl

Library: Tk

<lang perl>use Tk;

$main = MainWindow->new; $l = $main->Label('-text' => 'There have been no clicks yet.')->pack; $count = 0; $main->Button(

 -text => ' Click Me ',
 -command => sub { $l->configure(-text => 'Number of clicks: '.(++$count).'.'); },

)->pack; MainLoop();</lang>

Library: GTK

<lang perl>use Gtk '-init';

Window.

$window = Gtk::Window->new; $window->signal_connect('destroy' => sub { Gtk->main_quit; });

VBox.

$vbox = Gtk::VBox->new(0, 0); $window->add($vbox);

Label.

$label = Gtk::Label->new('There have been no clicks yet.'); $vbox->add($label);

Button.

$count = 0; $button = Gtk::Button->new(' Click Me '); $vbox->add($button); $button->signal_connect('clicked', sub {

 $label->set_text(++$count);

});

Show.

$window->show_all;

Main loop.

Gtk->main;</lang>

Library: XUL::Gui Gui

<lang perl>use XUL::Gui;

display

   TextBox( id=>'txt', value=>'there have been no clicks yet' ),
   Button( label=>'click me', oncommand=>sub{
       $ID{txt}->value = ++$clicks
   });</lang>

PicoLisp

The standard PicoLisp GUI is HTTP based. Connect your browser to http://localhost:8080 after starting the following script. <lang PicoLisp>#!/usr/bin/picolisp /usr/lib/picolisp/lib.l

(load "@ext.l" "@lib/http.l" "@lib/xhtml.l" "@lib/form.l")

(zero *Count)

(de start ()

  (app)
  (action
     (html 0 "Clicks" NIL NIL
        (form NIL
           (gui '(+Init +TextField) "There have been no clicks yet")
           (----)
           (gui '(+JS +Button) "click me"
              '(set> (field -1)
                 (pack "Clicked " (inc '*Count) " times") ) ) ) ) ) )

(server 8080 "@start") (wait)</lang>

PowerShell

Library: WPK

<lang powershell>$count = 0

New-Window {

   New-StackPanel {
       New-TextBlock "There have been no clicks yet" `
           -On_Loaded {
               Set-Variable tb $this
           }
       New-Button "Click me" `
           -On_Click {
               $count++
               $tb.Text = $count
           }
   }

} -SizeToContent WidthAndHeight -Show</lang>

PureBasic

<lang PureBasic>Global Window_0 Global Window_0_Text_0 Global Window_0_Button_1 Global Clicks, txt$

Procedure OpenWindow_Window_0()

 Protected flags=#PB_Window_SystemMenu|#PB_Window_SizeGadget|#PB_Window_TitleBar|#PB_Window_WindowCentered
 Window_0 = OpenWindow(#PB_Any, 408, 104, 280, 45, "Simple windowed application", flags)
 If Window_0
   SmartWindowRefresh(Window_0, #True)
   Window_0_Text_0 = TextGadget(#PB_Any, 5, 5, 165, 20, "There have been no clicks yet")
   Window_0_Button_1 = ButtonGadget(#PB_Any, 190, 10, 85, 30, "Click me")
 EndIf

EndProcedure

OpenWindow_Window_0()

Repeat

 Select WaitWindowEvent()
   Case #PB_Event_Gadget
     Select EventGadget()
       Case Window_0_Text_0
       Case Window_0_Button_1
         Clicks+1
         txt$="You Clicked "+Str(Clicks)+" time"
         If Clicks>1: txt$+"s": EndIf
         SetGadgetText(Window_0_Text_0,txt$)
     EndSelect
   Case #PB_Event_CloseWindow
      End
 EndSelect

ForEver</lang>

Python

Library: Tkinter

<lang python>from Tkinter import Tk, Label, Button

def update_label():

   global n
   n += 1
   l["text"] = "Number of clicks: %d" % n

w = Tk() n = 0 l = Label(w, text="There have been no clicks yet") l.pack() Button(w, text="click me", command=update_label).pack() w.mainloop()</lang>

The same in OO manner

<lang python>#!/usr/bin/env python from Tkinter import Button, Frame, Label, Pack

class ClickCounter(Frame):

   def click(self):
       self.count += 1
       self.label['text'] = 'Number of clicks: %d' % self.count
       
   def createWidgets(self):
       self.label = Label(self, text='here have been no clicks yet')
       self.label.pack()
       self.button = Button(self, text='click me', command=self.click)
       self.button.pack()
       
   def __init__(self, master=None):
       Frame.__init__(self, master)
       Pack.config(self)
       self.createWidgets()
       self.count = 0

if __name__=="__main__":

   ClickCounter().mainloop()</lang>

Library: PyQt

<lang python>import sys from qt import *

def update_label():

   global i
   i += 1
   lbl.setText("Number of clicks: %i" % i)

i = 0 app = QApplication(sys.argv) win = QWidget() win.resize(200, 100) lbl = QLabel("There have been no clicks yet", win) lbl.setGeometry(0, 15, 200, 25) btn = QPushButton("click me", win) btn.setGeometry(50, 50, 100, 25) btn.connect(btn, SIGNAL("clicked()"), update_label) win.show() app.connect(app, SIGNAL("lastWindowClosed()"), app, SLOT("quit()")) app.exec_loop()</lang>

Library: wxPython

<lang python>import wx

class MyApp(wx.App):

 def click(self, event):
   self.count += 1
   self.label.SetLabel("Count: %d" % self.count)

 def OnInit(self):
   frame = wx.Frame(None, wx.ID_ANY, "Hello from wxPython")
   self.count = 0
   self.button = wx.Button(frame, wx.ID_ANY, "Click me!")
   self.label = wx.StaticText(frame, wx.ID_ANY, "Count: 0")
   self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.click, self.button)
   
   self.sizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
   self.sizer.Add(self.button, True, wx.EXPAND)
   self.sizer.Add(self.label, True, wx.EXPAND)
   frame.SetSizer(self.sizer)
   frame.SetAutoLayout(True)
   self.sizer.Fit(frame)
   
   frame.Show(True)
   
   self.SetTopWindow(frame)
   return True

app = MyApp(0) app.MainLoop()</lang>

RapidQ

RapidQ has form designer that produces RapidQ Basic source code. You can get the same result by writing the code yourself with a text editor. Then compile it either from within IDE or by using the command line compiler.

<lang rapidq>DECLARE SUB buttonClick

CREATE form AS QForm

   Center
   Height = 120
   Width = 300

   CREATE text AS QLabel
       Caption = "There have been no clicks yet."
       Left = 30: Top = 20
   END CREATE

   CREATE button1 AS QButton
       Caption = "Click me"
       Left = 100: Top = 50: Height = 25: Width = 100
       OnClick = buttonClick
   END CREATE

END CREATE

SUB buttonClick

   STATIC count AS Integer
   count = count+1
   text.Caption = "Clicked " + STR$(count) + " times."

END SUB

form.ShowModal</lang>

R

Library: gWidgets

Library: gWidgetstcltk

gWidgetsRGtk2 or gWidgetsrJava can be used as an alternative to gWidgetstcltk. <lang r>library(gWidgets) library(gWidgetstcltk) win <- gwindow() lab <- glabel("There have been no clicks yet", container=win) btn <- gbutton("click me", container=win, handle=function(h, ...)

  {
     val <- as.numeric(svalue(lab))
     svalue(lab) <- ifelse(is.na(val) ,"1", as.character(val + 1))
  }

)</lang>

REBOL

<lang REBOL>REBOL [ Title: "Simple Windowed Application" Author: oofoe Date: 2009-12-07 URL: http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Simple_Windowed_Application ]

clicks: 0

Simple GUI's in REBOL can be defined with 'layout', a
special-purpose language (dialect, in REBOL-speak) for specifying
interfaces. In the example below, I describe a gradient background
with a text label and a button. The block in the button section
details what should happen when it's clicked on -- increment the
number of clicks and update the label text.

The 'view' function paints the layout on the screen and listens for
events.

view layout [ backdrop effect [gradient 0x1 black coal]

label: vtext "There have been no clicks yet."

button maroon "click me" [ clicks: clicks + 1 set-face label reform ["clicks:" clicks] ] ]</lang>

Ruby

Library: Ruby/Tk

<lang ruby>require 'tk' str = TkVariable.new("no clicks yet") count = 0 root = TkRoot.new TkLabel.new(root, "textvariable" => str).pack TkButton.new(root) do

 text "click me"
 command {str.value = count += 1}
 pack

end Tk.mainloop</lang>

Scala

<lang scala>import scala.swing._ import scala.swing.event._ import scala.swing.Swing._

object SimpleApp extends SimpleSwingApplication {

 def top = new MainFrame {
   var nClicks = 0

   val button = new Button {
     text = "click me"
   }
   val label = new Label {
     text = "There have been no clicks yet"
   }
   contents = new BorderPanel {
     layout(button) = BorderPanel.Position.South
     layout(label) = BorderPanel.Position.Center
   }

   preferredSize = ((300, 200): Dimension) 
   
   listenTo(button)
   reactions += {
     case ButtonClicked(_) =>
       nClicks += 1
       label.text = "There have been %d clicks" format nClicks
   }
 }

}</lang>

Tcl

Library: Tk

<lang tcl>package require Tk pack [label .l -text "There have been no clicks yet"] set count 0 pack [button .b -text "click me" -command upd] proc upd {} {

   .l configure -text "Number of clicks: [incr ::count]"

}</lang>

TI-89 BASIC

The Ti-89 does not have general onscreen buttons; this program uses the OK/Cancel choice of a dialog box to implement the UI.

<lang ti89b>Prgm

 Local clicks
 0 → clicks
 1 → ok    © System variable also set by Dialog statement
 While ok = 1
   Dialog
     Title "Rosetta Code"
     Text "There have been " & string(clicks) & " OKs"
   EndDlog
   clicks + 1 → clicks
 EndWhile

EndPrgm</lang>

Vedit macro language

<lang vedit>Reg_Set(10, "There have been no clicks yet")

1 = 0

repeat (ALL) {

   #2 = Dialog_Input_1(3, "`Simple Windowed Application`,
                       `|@(10)`,
                       `[&Click me]`,`[&Exit]`",
                       APP+CENTER, 0, 0) 
   if (#2 != 1) { break }    // ESC or Exit
   #1++
   Num_Str(#1, 10)
   Reg_Set(10, "Clicked", INSERT)
   Reg_Set(10, " times", APPEND)

}</lang>

Yorick

Yorick does not include a GUI toolkit. However, it does provide a plotting system that can emulate some basic GUI features, such as buttons and labels. The above sample uses a built-in library "button.i", which is itself written in Yorick.

<lang yorick>#include "button.i"

window, 0; btn_click = Button(text="click me", x=.395, y=.65, dx=0.04368, dy=0.0091); btn_quit = Button(text="quit", x=.395, y=.6, dx=0.02184, dy=0.0091); count = 0; msg = "There have been no clicks yet"; finished = 0; do {

   fma;
   plt, msg, .395, .7, justify="CH";
   button_plot, btn_click;
   button_plot, btn_quit;
   xy = mouse(0, 0, "");
   if(button_test(btn_click, xy(1), xy(2))) {
       count++;
       msg = swrite(format="Number of clicks: %d", count);
   } else if(button_test(btn_quit, xy(1), xy(2))) {
       finished = 1;
       winkill, 0;
   }

} while(!finished);</lang>

@@ Line 1,382: / Line 1,382: @@
 {{omit from|Batch File|Does not have access to GUI functions.}}
 {{Omit From|Metafont}}
+{{omit from|PARI/GP}}
 {{omit from|PHP}}