Runtime evaluation/In an environment
From Rosetta Code
You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know.
Do so in a way which:
- does not involve string manipulation of the input source code
- is plausibly extensible to a runtime-chosen set of bindings rather than just x
- does not make x a global variable
or note that these are impossible.
[edit] See also
- For more general examples and language-specific details, see Eval.
- Dynamic variable names is a similar task.
Contents |
[edit] ALGOL 68
Works with: ALGOL 68G version Any - tested with release mk15-0.8b.fc9.i386 - this implementation is an interpretor, and evaluate is an extension to the standard
Variable names are generally not visible at run time with classic compilers. However ALGOL 68G is an interpretor and it retains this ability. Note that evaluate returns a string.
PROC eval_with_x = (STRING code, INT a, b)STRING:
(INT x=a; evaluate(code) ) + (INT x=b; evaluate(code));
print((eval_with_x("2 ** x", 3, 5), new line))
Output:
+8 +32
[edit] AutoHotkey
Works with: AutoHotkey_H
AutoHotkey does not provide an API to the local symbol table. Local variables are also not supported within scopes outside functions. However, a local environment can be simulated by wrapping code in a temporary function.
msgbox % first := evalWithX("x + 4", 5)
msgbox % second := evalWithX("x + 4", 6)
msgbox % second - first
return
evalWithX(expression, xvalue)
{
global script
script =
(
expression(){
x = %xvalue% ; := would need quotes
return %expression%
}
)
renameFunction("expression", "") ; remove any previous expressions
gosub load ; cannot use addScript inside a function yet
exp := "expression"
return %exp%()
}
load:
DllCall(A_AhkPath "\addScript","Str",script,"Uchar",0,"Cdecl UInt")
return
renameFunction(funcName, newname){
static
x%newname% := newname ; store newname in a static variable so its memory is not freed
strput(newname, &x%newname%, strlen(newname) + 1)
if fnp := FindFunc(funcName)
numput(&x%newname%, fnp+0, 0, "uint")
}
[edit] Common Lisp
(defun eval-with-x (program a b)
(let ((at-a (eval `(let ((x ',a)) ,program)))
(at-b (eval `(let ((x ',b)) ,program))))
(- at-b at-a)))
(eval-with-x '(exp x) 0 1)
=> 1.7182817
This version ensures that the program is compiled, once, for more efficient execution:
(defun eval-with-x (program a b)
(let* ((f (compile nil `(lambda (x) ,program)))
(at-a (funcall f a))
(at-b (funcall f b)))
(- at-b at-a)))
[edit] E
# Constructing an environment has to be done by way of evaluation for historical reasons which will hopefully be entirely eliminated soon.
def bindX(value) {
def [resolver, env] := e`
def x # bind x and capture its resolver and the resulting environment
`.evalToPair(safeScope)
resolver.resolve(value) # set the value
return env
}
def evalWithX(program, a, b) {
def atA := program.eval(bindX(a))
def atB := program.eval(bindX(b))
return atB - atA
}
? evalWithX(e`(x :float64).exp()`, 0, 1)
# value: 1.7182818284590455
[edit] Forth
EVALUATE invokes the Forth interpreter on the given string.
: f-" ( a b snippet" -- )
[char] " parse ( code len )
2dup 2>r evaluate
swap 2r> evaluate
- . ;
2 3 f-" dup *" \ 5 (3*3 - 2*2)
This can be used to treat a data stream as code, or to provide a lightweight macro facility when used in an IMMEDIATE word.
: :macro ( "name <char> ccc<char>" -- )
: [CHAR] ; PARSE POSTPONE SLITERAL POSTPONE EVALUATE
POSTPONE ; IMMEDIATE
;
:macro times 0 do ;
: test 8 times ." spam " loop ;
see test
: test
8 0
DO .\" spam "
LOOP
; ok
[edit] Genyris
One way is to use a macro. In genyris, macros are lazy functions which execute twice, the return value is also evaluated in the caller's environment:
defmacro add100() (+ x 100)
var x 23
var firstresult (add100)
x = 1000
+ firstresult (add100)
This prints 1223.
Another way is to use dynamically scoped variables. In Genyris, symbols prefixed with a period are looked up in the caller's environment, not the lexical environment of the closure. When a dictionary is the first element of the expression, an environment is created and the &rest is evaluated.
def add100() (+ .x 100)
(dict) # create an environment capable of holding dynamic bindings
var .x 23 # create a binding in the dictionary
var firstresult (add100)
.x = 1000
+ firstresult (add100)
Dictionaries can hold bindings to dynamic symbols. To minimize the danger of dynamic scope there is no recursive ascent in the binding lookup.
(dict)
var .x 23
(dict)
print .x # fails
[edit] Groovy
The solution:
def cruncher = { x1, x2, program ->
Eval.x(x1, program) - Eval.x(x2, program)
}
Test Program:
def fibonacciProgram = '''
x < 1 ? 0 : x == 1 ? 1 : (2..x).inject([0,1]){i, j -> [i[1], i[0]+i[1]]}[1]
'''
println "F(${10}) - F(${5}) = ${Eval.x(10, fibonacciProgram)} - ${Eval.x(5, fibonacciProgram)} = " + cruncher(10, 5, fibonacciProgram)
Output:
F(10) - F(5) = 55 - 5 = 50
[edit] J
[edit] Explicit
The following satisfies the requirements:
EvalWithX=. monad : 0
'CODE V0 V1'=. y
(". CODE [ x=. V1) - (". CODE [ x=. V0)
)
EvalWithX '^x';0;1
1.71828183
[edit] Tacit
However, it is easier via point-free coding:
(0&({::) -~&>/@:(128!:2&.>) 1 2&{) '^';0;1
1.71828183
[edit] Explicit again
Or, using y as the free variable, instead of x:
EvalDiffWithY=: dyad define
-~/verb def x"_1 y
)
Example use:
'^y' EvalDiffWithY 0 1
1.71828
This can be extended to support a user declared argument name:
EvalDiffWithName=: adverb define
:
-~/m adverb def ('(m)=.y';x)"_1 y
)
This works by preceding the user provided expression with a statement which assigns the argument value to a local variable whose name was provided by the user. [Note that this implementation skirts the requirement that the implementation does not manipulate strings -- instead we manipulate a structure containing strings.]
Example use:
'^George' 'George' EvalDiffWithName 0 1
1.71828
'Z + 2^Z' 'Z' EvalDiffWithName 2 3
5
Of course this could be re-defined such that the free variable declaration appears to the left of the expression ('Z' 'Z + 2^Z' Example 2 3). However, J's currying and precedence rules might make that less convenient to use, if this were ever used in a real program.
[edit] JavaScript
eval uses the environment from the calling function.
function evalWithX(expr, a, b) {
var x = a;
var atA = eval(expr);
x = b;
var atB = eval(expr);
return atB - atA;
}
evalWithX('Math.exp(x)', 0, 1) // returns 1.718281828459045
[edit] Lua
code = loadstring"return x^2" --this doesn't really need to be input, does it?
val1 = setfenv(code, {x = io.read() + 0})()
val2 = setfenv(code, {x = io.read() + 0})()
print(val2 - val1)
[edit] Metafont
vardef evalit(expr s, va, vb) =
save x,a,b; x := va; a := scantokens s;
x := vb; b := scantokens s; a-b
enddef;
show(evalit("2x+1", 5, 3));
end
[edit] Octave
In Octave, undeclared variables are local.
function r = calcit(f, val1, val2)
x = val1;
a = eval(f);
x = val2;
b = eval(f);
r = b-a;
endfunction
p = "x .* 2";
disp(calcit(p, [1:3], [4:6]));
Output:
6 6 6
[edit] Oz
declare
fun {EvalWithX Program A B}
{Compiler.evalExpression Program env('X':B) _}
-
{Compiler.evalExpression Program env('X':A) _}
end
in
{Show {EvalWithX "{Exp X}" 0.0 1.0}}
[edit] Perl
sub eval_with_x
{my $code = shift;
my $x = shift;
my $first = eval $code;
$x = shift;
return eval($code) - $first;}
print eval_with_x('3 * $x', 5, 10), "\n"; # Prints "15".
[edit] PHP
<?php
function eval_with_x($code, $a, $b) {
$x = $a;
$first = eval($code);
$x = $b;
$second = eval($code);
return $second - $first;
}
echo eval_with_x('return 3 * $x;', 5, 10), "\n"; # Prints "15".
?>
[edit] PicoLisp
(let Expression '(+ X (* X X)) # Local expression
(println
(+
(let X 3
(eval Expression) )
(let X 4
(eval Expression) ) ) )
(let Function (list '(X) Expression) # Build a local function
(println
(+
(Function 3)
(Function 4) ) ) ) )
Output:
32 32
[edit] Python
>>> def eval_with_x(code, a, b):
return eval(code, {'x':b}) - eval(code, {'x':a})
>>> eval_with_x('2 ** x', 3, 5)
24
A slight change allows the evaluation to take multiple names:
>>> def eval_with_args(code, **kwordargs):
return eval(code, kwordargs)
>>> code = '2 ** x'
>>> eval_with_args(code, x=5) - eval_with_args(code, x=3)
24
>>> code = '3 * x + y'
>>> eval_with_args(code, x=5, y=2) - eval_with_args(code, x=3, y=1)
7
[edit] R
We can set up thing so that the "unbound" variable can be any accepted symbol for variables.
evalWithAB <- function(expr, var, a, b) {
env <- new.env() # provide a separate env, so that the choosen
assign(var, a, envir=env) # var name do not collide with symbols inside
# this function (e.g. it could be even "env")
atA <- eval(parse(text=expr), env)
# and then evaluate the expression inside this
# ad hoc env-ironment
assign(var, b, envir=env)
atB <- eval(parse(text=expr), env)
return(atB - atA)
}
print(evalWithAB("2*x+1", "x", 5, 3))
print(evalWithAB("2*y+1", "y", 5, 3))
print(evalWithAB("2*y+1", "x", 5, 3)) # error: object "y" not found
[edit] Ruby
def bind_x_to_value(x)
binding
end
def eval_with_x(code, a, b)
eval(code, bind_x_to_value(b)) - eval(code, bind_x_to_value(a))
end
puts eval_with_x('2 ** x', 3, 5) # Prints "24"
The magic here is how the binding method works with the bind_x_to_value(x) method.
When bind_x_to_value is called, it sets its local variable x to the value passed.
The binding method then returns a reference to the current context (or stack frame) to the caller.
eval can then use the local variable x in this context.
[edit] Scheme
Almost identical to the Common Lisp version above.
(define (eval-with-x prog a b)
(let ((at-a (eval `(let ((x ',a)) ,prog)))
(at-b (eval `(let ((x ',b)) ,prog))))
(- at-b at-a)))
[edit] Tcl
proc eval_twice {func a b} {
set x $a
set 1st [expr $func]
set x $b
set 2nd [expr $func]
expr {$2nd - $1st}
}
puts [eval_twice {2 ** $x} 3 5] ;# ==> 24
Here's another take, similar to other answers. It passes a code block to be evaled, not just an expression for expr
proc eval_with_x {code val1 val2} {
expr {[set x $val2; eval $code] - [set x $val1; eval $code]}
}
eval_with_x {expr {2**$x}} 3 5 ;# ==> 24
[edit] TI-89 BASIC
evalx(prog, a, b)
Func
Local x,eresult1,eresult2
a→x
expr(prog)→eresult1
b→x
expr(prog)→eresult2
Return eresult2-eresult1
EndFunc
■ evalx("ℯ^x", 0., 1)
1.71828
There are no facilities for control over the environment; expr() evaluates in the same environment as the caller, including local variables. [Someone please verify this statement.]
