Pig the dice game/Player
From Rosetta Code
You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know.
The task is to create a dice simulator and scorer of Pig the dice game and add to it the ability to play the game to at least one strategy.
- State here the play strategies involved.
- Show play during a game here.
As a stretch goal:
- Simulate playing the game a number of times with two players of given strategies and report here summary statistics such as, but not restricted to, the influence of going first or which strategy seems stronger.
- Game Rules
The game of Pig is a multiplayer game played with a single six-sided die. The object of the game is to reach 100 points or more. Play is taken in turns. On each person's turn that person has the option of either
- Rolling the dice: where a roll of two to six is added to their score for that turn and the player's turn continues as the player is given the same choice again; or a roll of 1 loses the player's total points for that turn and their turn finishes with play passing to the next player.
- Holding: The player's score for that round is added to their total and becomes safe from the effects of throwing a one. The player's turn finishes with play passing to the next player.
- Reference
Contents |
[edit] Ada
Uses Ada 2012. Uses the package Pig from Pig the dice game.
We implement parameter-driven strategies. A strategy is defined by two parameters: When the given points in a round reach a Bound these points are collected, else we roll again. But if the other player is very close to winning (less than Final_Run points), we switch to an all-or nothing approach, collecting points until we have won -- or rolled a 1.
The implementation reads five parameters from the command line, in that order: (1) N the number of games to play, (2) the Bound for the first player, (3) the Final_Run for the first player, (4) the Bound for the second player and (5) the Final_Run for the second player. After reading these from the command line (or accepting reasonable defaults), it plays the game N times and counts how often either player wins.
with Pig; with Ada.Text_IO; with Ada.Command_Line;
procedure automatic_Pig is
use Pig;
type Robot is new Actor with record
Bound: Natural := 20;
Final_Run: Natural := 0;
end record;
function Roll_More(A: Robot; Self, Opponent: Player'Class) return Boolean;
function Roll_More(A: Robot; Self, Opponent: Player'Class) return Boolean is
((Self.All_Recent < A.Bound) or
else (Opponent.Score-100 > A.Final_Run));
function Arg(Position: Positive; Default: Natural) return Natural is
package ACL renames Ada.Command_Line;
begin
return Natural'Value(ACL.Argument(Position));
exception
when Constraint_Error => return Default;
end Arg;
T: Robot := (Bound => Arg(2, 35), Final_Run => Arg(3, 0));
F: Robot := (Bound => Arg(4, 20), Final_Run => Arg(5, 30));
T_Wins: Boolean;
Win_Count: array(Boolean) of Natural := (True=> 0, False => 0);
begin
for I in 1 .. Arg(1, 1000) loop
Play(T, F, T_Wins);
Win_Count(T_Wins) := Win_Count(T_Wins) + 1;
end loop;
Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line(Natural'Image(Win_Count(True)) &
Natural'Image(Win_Count(False)));
end Automatic_Pig;
- Output:
The output shows that the (Bound => 25, Final_Run => 25) strategy is just as good as (Bound => 25, Final_Run => 0): whoever is first wins by the same margin:
$ ./automatic_pig 1000000 25 25 25 0 527999 472001 $ ./automatic_pig 1000000 25 0 25 25 527935 472065
[edit] C++
The strategies implemented here are pretty simple:
Player 1 is a random player: he chooses a random number between 0 and 9 and if this number is smaller than 5 he'll roll otherwise he holds, unless his round score is zero, in this case he'll roll.
Player 2 always tries to score at least a quarter of the difference between he's current score and MAX_POINTS in a round.
Player 3 always tries to score at least 20 points in a round.
Player 4, just like player 3, always tries to score at least 20 points in a round. But as his round score increases, he gets a little "nervous", what increases the chances that he'll hold.
#include <windows.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
using namespace std;
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
const int PLAYERS = 4, MAX_POINTS = 100;
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
enum Moves { ROLL, HOLD };
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
class player
{
public:
player() { current_score = round_score = 0; }
void addCurrScore() { current_score += round_score; }
int getCurrScore() { return current_score; }
int getRoundScore() { return round_score; }
void addRoundScore( int rs ) { round_score += rs; }
void zeroRoundScore() { round_score = 0; }
virtual int getMove() = 0;
virtual ~player() {}
protected:
int current_score, round_score;
};
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
class RAND_Player : public player
{
virtual int getMove()
{
if( round_score + current_score >= MAX_POINTS ) return HOLD;
if( rand() % 10 < 5 ) return ROLL;
if( round_score > 0 ) return HOLD;
return ROLL;
}
};
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
class Q2WIN_Player : public player
{
virtual int getMove()
{
if( round_score + current_score >= MAX_POINTS ) return HOLD;
int q = MAX_POINTS - current_score;
if( q < 6 ) return ROLL;
q /= 4;
if( round_score < q ) return ROLL;
return HOLD;
}
};
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
class AL20_Player : public player
{
virtual int getMove()
{
if( round_score + current_score >= MAX_POINTS ) return HOLD;
if( round_score < 20 ) return ROLL;
return HOLD;
}
};
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
class AL20T_Player : public player
{
virtual int getMove()
{
if( round_score + current_score >= MAX_POINTS ) return HOLD;
int d = ( 100 * round_score ) / 20;
if( round_score < 20 && d < rand() % 100 ) return ROLL;
return HOLD;
}
};
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
class Auto_pigGame
{
public:
Auto_pigGame()
{
_players[0] = new RAND_Player();
_players[1] = new Q2WIN_Player();
_players[2] = new AL20_Player();
_players[3] = new AL20T_Player();
}
~Auto_pigGame()
{
delete _players[0];
delete _players[1];
delete _players[2];
delete _players[3];
}
void play()
{
int die, p = 0;
bool endGame = false;
while( !endGame )
{
switch( _players[p]->getMove() )
{
case ROLL:
die = rand() % 6 + 1;
if( die == 1 )
{
cout << "Player " << p + 1 << " rolled " << die << " - current score: " << _players[p]->getCurrScore() << endl << endl;
nextTurn( p );
continue;
}
_players[p]->addRoundScore( die );
cout << "Player " << p + 1 << " rolled " << die << " - round score: " << _players[p]->getRoundScore() << endl;
break;
case HOLD:
_players[p]->addCurrScore();
cout << "Player " << p + 1 << " holds - current score: " << _players[p]->getCurrScore() << endl << endl;
if( _players[p]->getCurrScore() >= MAX_POINTS )
endGame = true;
else nextTurn( p );
}
}
showScore();
}
private:
void nextTurn( int& p )
{
_players[p]->zeroRoundScore();
++p %= PLAYERS;
}
void showScore()
{
cout << endl;
cout << "Player I (RAND): " << _players[0]->getCurrScore() << endl;
cout << "Player II (Q2WIN): " << _players[1]->getCurrScore() << endl;
cout << "Player III (AL20): " << _players[2]->getCurrScore() << endl;
cout << "Player IV (AL20T): " << _players[3]->getCurrScore() << endl << endl << endl;
system( "pause" );
}
player* _players[PLAYERS];
};
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
int main( int argc, char* argv[] )
{
srand( GetTickCount() );
Auto_pigGame pg;
pg.play();
return 0;
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Output:
Player 1 rolled 1 - current score: 0 Player 2 rolled 5 - round score: 5 Player 2 rolled 1 - current score: 0 Player 3 rolled 3 - round score: 3 Player 3 rolled 5 - round score: 8 Player 3 rolled 4 - round score: 12 Player 3 rolled 5 - round score: 17 Player 3 rolled 6 - round score: 23 Player 3 holds - current score: 23 Player 4 rolled 5 - round score: 5 Player 4 rolled 1 - current score: 0 Player 1 rolled 5 - round score: 5 Player 1 holds - current score: 5 Player 2 rolled 6 - round score: 6 Player 2 rolled 2 - round score: 8 Player 2 rolled 3 - round score: 11 Player 2 rolled 2 - round score: 13 Player 2 rolled 3 - round score: 16 Player 2 rolled 6 - round score: 22 Player 2 rolled 6 - round score: 28 Player 2 holds - current score: 28 Player 3 rolled 3 - round score: 3 Player 3 rolled 2 - round score: 5 Player 3 rolled 3 - round score: 8 Player 3 rolled 1 - current score: 23 Player 4 rolled 5 - round score: 5 Player 4 rolled 2 - round score: 7 Player 4 rolled 5 - round score: 12 Player 4 rolled 5 - round score: 17 Player 4 holds - current score: 17 Player 1 rolled 2 - round score: 2 Player 1 holds - current score: 7 Player 2 rolled 6 - round score: 6 Player 2 rolled 3 - round score: 9 Player 2 rolled 2 - round score: 11 Player 2 rolled 6 - round score: 17 Player 2 rolled 1 - current score: 28 Player 3 rolled 4 - round score: 4 Player 3 rolled 3 - round score: 7 Player 3 rolled 1 - current score: 23 Player 4 rolled 3 - round score: 3 Player 4 rolled 6 - round score: 9 Player 4 rolled 4 - round score: 13 Player 4 holds - current score: 30 Player 1 rolled 5 - round score: 5 Player 1 holds - current score: 12 Player 2 rolled 2 - round score: 2 Player 2 rolled 6 - round score: 8 Player 2 rolled 2 - round score: 10 Player 2 rolled 1 - current score: 28 Player 3 rolled 4 - round score: 4 Player 3 rolled 4 - round score: 8 Player 3 rolled 4 - round score: 12 Player 3 rolled 2 - round score: 14 Player 3 rolled 4 - round score: 18 Player 3 rolled 2 - round score: 20 Player 3 holds - current score: 43 Player 4 rolled 2 - round score: 2 Player 4 rolled 2 - round score: 4 Player 4 rolled 1 - current score: 30 Player 1 rolled 1 - current score: 12 Player 2 rolled 2 - round score: 2 Player 2 rolled 2 - round score: 4 Player 2 rolled 3 - round score: 7 Player 2 rolled 2 - round score: 9 Player 2 rolled 1 - current score: 28 Player 3 rolled 6 - round score: 6 Player 3 rolled 4 - round score: 10 Player 3 rolled 3 - round score: 13 Player 3 rolled 5 - round score: 18 Player 3 rolled 5 - round score: 23 Player 3 holds - current score: 66 Player 4 rolled 3 - round score: 3 Player 4 rolled 1 - current score: 30 Player 1 rolled 5 - round score: 5 Player 1 holds - current score: 17 Player 2 rolled 5 - round score: 5 Player 2 rolled 6 - round score: 11 Player 2 rolled 5 - round score: 16 Player 2 rolled 3 - round score: 19 Player 2 holds - current score: 47 Player 3 rolled 1 - current score: 66 Player 4 rolled 2 - round score: 2 Player 4 rolled 5 - round score: 7 Player 4 holds - current score: 37 Player 1 rolled 2 - round score: 2 Player 1 rolled 6 - round score: 8 Player 1 holds - current score: 25 Player 2 rolled 4 - round score: 4 Player 2 rolled 6 - round score: 10 Player 2 rolled 4 - round score: 14 Player 2 holds - current score: 61 Player 3 rolled 4 - round score: 4 Player 3 rolled 6 - round score: 10 Player 3 rolled 2 - round score: 12 Player 3 rolled 5 - round score: 17 Player 3 rolled 6 - round score: 23 Player 3 holds - current score: 89 Player 4 rolled 2 - round score: 2 Player 4 holds - current score: 39 Player 1 rolled 6 - round score: 6 Player 1 holds - current score: 31 Player 2 rolled 1 - current score: 61 Player 3 rolled 5 - round score: 5 Player 3 rolled 1 - current score: 89 Player 4 rolled 2 - round score: 2 Player 4 rolled 2 - round score: 4 Player 4 rolled 3 - round score: 7 Player 4 holds - current score: 46 Player 1 rolled 1 - current score: 31 Player 2 rolled 3 - round score: 3 Player 2 rolled 3 - round score: 6 Player 2 rolled 4 - round score: 10 Player 2 holds - current score: 71 Player 3 rolled 6 - round score: 6 Player 3 rolled 6 - round score: 12 Player 3 holds - current score: 101 Player I (RAND): 31 Player II (Q2WIN): 71 Player III (AL20): 101 Player IV (AL20T): 46
[edit] D
import std.stdio, std.random;
enum nPlayers = 4, maxPoints = 100;
enum Moves { roll, hold }
abstract class Player {
public:
final void addCurrScore() { current_score += round_score; }
final int getCurrScore() const { return current_score; }
final int getRoundScore() const { return round_score; }
final void addRoundScore(in int rs) { round_score += rs; }
final void zeroRoundScore() { round_score = 0; }
Moves getMove();
protected:
int current_score, round_score;
}
final class PlayerRand : Player {
override Moves getMove() {
if (round_score + current_score >= maxPoints)
return Moves.hold;
if (uniform(0, 2) == 0)
return Moves.roll;
if (round_score > 0)
return Moves.hold;
return Moves.roll;
}
}
final class PlayerQ2Win : Player {
override Moves getMove() {
if (round_score + current_score >= maxPoints)
return Moves.hold;
int q = maxPoints - current_score;
if (q < 6)
return Moves.roll;
q /= 4;
if (round_score < q)
return Moves.roll;
return Moves.hold;
}
}
final class PlayerAL20 : Player {
override Moves getMove() {
if (round_score + current_score >= maxPoints)
return Moves.hold;
if (round_score < 20)
return Moves.roll;
return Moves.hold;
}
}
final class PlayerAL20T : Player {
override Moves getMove() {
if (round_score + current_score >= maxPoints)
return Moves.hold;
immutable d = (100 * round_score) / 20;
if (round_score < 20 && d < uniform(0, 100))
return Moves.roll;
return Moves.hold;
}
}
void main() {
//Player[nPlayers] players = [new PlayerRand, new PlayerQ2Win,
// new PlayerAL20, new PlayerAL20T];
Player[nPlayers] players;
players[0] = new PlayerRand;
players[1] = new PlayerQ2Win;
players[2] = new PlayerAL20;
players[3] = new PlayerAL20T;
void nextTurn(ref uint p) {
players[p].zeroRoundScore();
p = (p + 1) % nPlayers;
}
uint p = 0;
bool endGame = false;
while (!endGame) {
final switch (players[p].getMove) {
case Moves.roll:
immutable die = uniform(1, 7);
if (die == 1) {
writeln("Player ", p + 1, " rolled ", die,
" - current score: ",
players[p].getCurrScore, "\n");
nextTurn(p);
continue;
}
players[p].addRoundScore(die);
writeln("Player ", p + 1, " rolled ", die,
" - round score: ",
players[p].getRoundScore);
break;
case Moves.hold:
players[p].addCurrScore;
writeln("Player ", p + 1,
" holds - current score: ",
players[p].getCurrScore, "\n");
if (players[p].getCurrScore >= maxPoints)
endGame = true;
else
nextTurn(p);
}
}
writeln;
writeln("Player I (Rand): ", players[0].getCurrScore);
writeln("Player II (Q2Win): ", players[1].getCurrScore);
writeln("Player III (AL20): ", players[2].getCurrScore);
writeln("Player IV (AL20T): ", players[3].getCurrScore,
"\n\n");
}
The output is similar to the C++ entry.
[edit] Go
package pig
import (
"fmt"
"math/rand"
"time"
)
type (
PlayerID int
MessageID int
StrategyID int
PigGameData struct {
player PlayerID
turnCount int
turnRollCount int
turnScore int
lastRoll int
scores [2]int
verbose bool
}
)
const (
// Status messages
gameOver = iota
piggedOut
rolls
pointSpending
holds
turn
gameOverSummary
// Players
player1 = PlayerID(0)
player2 = PlayerID(1)
noPlayer = PlayerID(-1)
// Max score
maxScore = 100
// Strategies
scoreChaseStrat = iota
rollCountStrat
)
// Returns "s" if n != 1
func pluralS(n int) string {
if n != 1 {
return "s"
}
return ""
}
// Creates an intializes a new PigGameData structure, returns a *PigGameData
func New() *PigGameData {
return &PigGameData{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, [2]int{0, 0}, false}
}
// Create a status message for a given message ID
func (pg *PigGameData) statusMessage(id MessageID) string {
var msg string
switch id {
case gameOver:
msg = fmt.Sprintf("Game is over after %d turns", pg.turnCount)
case piggedOut:
msg = fmt.Sprintf(" Pigged out after %d roll%s", pg.turnRollCount, pluralS(pg.turnRollCount))
case rolls:
msg = fmt.Sprintf(" Rolls %d", pg.lastRoll)
case pointSpending:
msg = fmt.Sprintf(" %d point%s pending", pg.turnScore, pluralS(pg.turnScore))
case holds:
msg = fmt.Sprintf(" Holds after %d turns, adding %d points for a total of %d", pg.turnRollCount, pg.turnScore, pg.PlayerScore(noPlayer))
case turn:
msg = fmt.Sprintf("Player %d's turn:", pg.player+1)
case gameOverSummary:
msg = fmt.Sprintf("Game over after %d turns\n player 1 %d\n player 2 %d\n", pg.turnCount, pg.PlayerScore(player1), pg.PlayerScore(player2))
}
return msg
}
// Print a status message, if pg.Verbose is true
func (pg *PigGameData) PrintStatus(id MessageID) {
if pg.verbose {
fmt.Println(pg.statusMessage(id))
}
}
// Play a given strategy
func (pg *PigGameData) Play(id StrategyID) (keepPlaying bool) {
if pg.GameOver() {
pg.PrintStatus(gameOver)
return false
}
if pg.turnCount == 0 {
pg.player = player2
pg.NextPlayer()
}
pg.lastRoll = rand.Intn(6) + 1
pg.PrintStatus(rolls)
pg.turnRollCount++
if pg.lastRoll == 1 {
pg.PrintStatus(piggedOut)
pg.NextPlayer()
} else {
pg.turnScore += pg.lastRoll
pg.PrintStatus(pointSpending)
success := false
switch id {
case scoreChaseStrat:
success = pg.scoreChaseStrategy()
case rollCountStrat:
success = pg.rollCountStrategy()
}
if success {
pg.Hold()
pg.NextPlayer()
}
}
return true
}
// Get the score for a given player
func (pg *PigGameData) PlayerScore(id PlayerID) int {
if id == noPlayer {
return pg.scores[pg.player]
}
return pg.scores[id]
}
// Check if the game is over
func (pg *PigGameData) GameOver() bool {
return pg.scores[player1] >= maxScore || pg.scores[player2] >= maxScore
}
// Returns the Player ID if there is a winner, or -1
func (pg *PigGameData) Winner() PlayerID {
for index, score := range pg.scores {
if score >= maxScore {
return PlayerID(index)
}
}
return noPlayer
}
// Get the ID of the other player
func (pg *PigGameData) otherPlayer() PlayerID {
// 0 becomes 1, 1 becomes 0
return 1 - pg.player
}
func (pg *PigGameData) Hold() {
pg.scores[pg.player] += pg.turnScore
pg.PrintStatus(holds)
pg.turnRollCount, pg.turnScore = 0, 0
}
func (pg *PigGameData) NextPlayer() {
pg.turnCount++
pg.turnRollCount, pg.turnScore = 0, 0
pg.player = pg.otherPlayer()
pg.PrintStatus(turn)
}
func (pg *PigGameData) rollCountStrategy() bool {
return pg.turnRollCount >= 3
}
func (pg *PigGameData) scoreChaseStrategy() bool {
myScore := pg.PlayerScore(pg.player)
otherScore := pg.PlayerScore(pg.otherPlayer())
myPendingScore := pg.turnScore + myScore
return myPendingScore >= maxScore || myPendingScore > otherScore || pg.turnRollCount >= 5
}
// Run the simulation
func main() {
// Seed the random number generator
rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano())
// Start a new game
pg := New()
pg.verbose = true
strategies := [2]StrategyID{scoreChaseStrat, rollCountStrat}
// Play until game over
for !pg.GameOver() {
pg.Play(strategies[pg.player])
}
pg.PrintStatus(gameOverSummary)
}
Sample run, player one just tries to keep ahead, while player two always tries to take three rolls, no more.
Player 1's turn:
Rolls 4
4 points pending
Holds after 1 turns, adding 4 points for a total of 4
Player 2's turn:
Rolls 4
4 points pending
Rolls 1
Pigged out after 2 rolls
Player 1's turn:
Rolls 6
6 points pending
Holds after 1 turns, adding 6 points for a total of 10
Player 2's turn:
Rolls 6
6 points pending
Rolls 3
9 points pending
Rolls 4
13 points pending
Holds after 3 turns, adding 13 points for a total of 13
Player 1's turn:
Rolls 4
4 points pending
Holds after 1 turns, adding 4 points for a total of 14
Player 2's turn:
Rolls 4
4 points pending
Rolls 6
10 points pending
Rolls 1
Pigged out after 3 rolls
Player 1's turn:
Rolls 4
4 points pending
Holds after 1 turns, adding 4 points for a total of 18
Player 2's turn:
Rolls 3
3 points pending
Rolls 4
7 points pending
Rolls 2
9 points pending
Holds after 3 turns, adding 9 points for a total of 22
Player 1's turn:
Rolls 2
2 points pending
Rolls 1
Pigged out after 2 rolls
Player 2's turn:
Rolls 1
Pigged out after 1 roll
Player 1's turn:
Rolls 4
4 points pending
Rolls 1
Pigged out after 2 rolls
Player 2's turn:
Rolls 5
5 points pending
Rolls 1
Pigged out after 2 rolls
Player 1's turn:
Rolls 5
5 points pending
Holds after 1 turns, adding 5 points for a total of 23
Player 2's turn:
Rolls 5
5 points pending
Rolls 4
9 points pending
Rolls 4
13 points pending
Holds after 3 turns, adding 13 points for a total of 35
Player 1's turn:
Rolls 1
Pigged out after 1 roll
Player 2's turn:
Rolls 3
3 points pending
Rolls 3
6 points pending
Rolls 2
8 points pending
Holds after 3 turns, adding 8 points for a total of 43
Player 1's turn:
Rolls 1
Pigged out after 1 roll
Player 2's turn:
Rolls 6
6 points pending
Rolls 4
10 points pending
Rolls 1
Pigged out after 3 rolls
Player 1's turn:
Rolls 4
4 points pending
Rolls 1
Pigged out after 2 rolls
Player 2's turn:
Rolls 2
2 points pending
Rolls 4
6 points pending
Rolls 2
8 points pending
Holds after 3 turns, adding 8 points for a total of 51
Player 1's turn:
Rolls 1
Pigged out after 1 roll
Player 2's turn:
Rolls 4
4 points pending
Rolls 2
6 points pending
Rolls 3
9 points pending
Holds after 3 turns, adding 9 points for a total of 60
Player 1's turn:
Rolls 2
2 points pending
Rolls 6
8 points pending
Rolls 3
11 points pending
Rolls 6
17 points pending
Rolls 4
21 points pending
Holds after 5 turns, adding 21 points for a total of 44
Player 2's turn:
Rolls 4
4 points pending
Rolls 2
6 points pending
Rolls 3
9 points pending
Holds after 3 turns, adding 9 points for a total of 69
Player 1's turn:
Rolls 6
6 points pending
Rolls 5
11 points pending
Rolls 6
17 points pending
Rolls 5
22 points pending
Rolls 4
26 points pending
Holds after 5 turns, adding 26 points for a total of 70
Player 2's turn:
Rolls 5
5 points pending
Rolls 4
9 points pending
Rolls 2
11 points pending
Holds after 3 turns, adding 11 points for a total of 80
Player 1's turn:
Rolls 6
6 points pending
Rolls 6
12 points pending
Holds after 2 turns, adding 12 points for a total of 82
Player 2's turn:
Rolls 2
2 points pending
Rolls 3
5 points pending
Rolls 3
8 points pending
Holds after 3 turns, adding 8 points for a total of 88
Player 1's turn:
Rolls 5
5 points pending
Rolls 2
7 points pending
Holds after 2 turns, adding 7 points for a total of 89
Player 2's turn:
Rolls 3
3 points pending
Rolls 2
5 points pending
Rolls 5
10 points pending
Holds after 3 turns, adding 10 points for a total of 98
Player 1's turn:
Rolls 6
6 points pending
Rolls 3
9 points pending
Rolls 6
15 points pending
Holds after 3 turns, adding 15 points for a total of 104
Player 2's turn:
Game over after 32 turns
player 1 104
player 2 98
[edit] J
This is a partial implementation of the current task.
This is a routine to estimate the value of rolling, given the current total of rolls which the player is building (left argument) and the current total of rolls which are a permanent part of the player's score (right argument).
If the expected value is positive, it's probably in the best interest of the player to take the roll. That said, a more sophisticated strategy might play cautiously when a player is sufficiently ahead of the other player(s).
pigval=:4 :0
(+/%#)(-x),}.(1+i.6)<.100-y+x
)
Examples:
10 pigval 90
_1.66667
If we have 10 points from our current rolls and have 90 permanent points, rolling again is a bad idea.
0 5 10 15 20 pigval"0/60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
3.33333 3.33333 3.33333 3.33333 3.33333 3.33333 3.33333 3.16667 0
2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.33333 _0.833333 _5
1.66667 1.66667 1.66667 1.66667 1.66667 1.5 _1.66667 _5.83333 _10
0.833333 0.833333 0.833333 0.833333 0.666667 _2.5 _6.66667 _10.8333 _15
0 0 0 _0.166667 _3.33333 _7.5 _11.6667 _15.8333 _20
If we have 70 permanent points (or less) we should probably re-roll when our uncommitted rolls total to less than 20.
(1+i.19) ([,:1+i:~) +/ 0 < pigval"0/~ 1+i.100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
98 97 96 95 93 92 91 90 89 87 86 85 84 82 81 80 78 77 75
This is a table of decision points. First row represents sum of our current uncommitted rolls. Second row represents the maximum permanent score where you should roll again with that number of uncommitted points, if we are using this estimation mechanism to choose our actions. Note that the first four columns here should have some obvious validity -- for example, if we have 96 permanent points and we have rolled 4 uncommitted points, we have won the game and we gain nothing from rerolling... Note also that this decision mechanism says we should never reroll if we have at least 20 uncommitted points.
[edit] Python
There are now three player strategies:
- A random player RandPlay that rolls randomly.
- The RollTo20 player that rolls if that rounds score is less than 20.
- The Desparat player that plays like RollTo20 until any player gets within 20 of winning whereupon it desperately keeps rolling.
Details of the RollTo20 and Desparat strategy came from a paper referenced from here.
Player instances are passed full (single) game statistics and so can be more complex in their behaviour.
Notice how Pythons Counter class from the standard library is used to collate the winning statistics near the end of the program without much additional code.
#!/usr/bin/python3
'''
See: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pig_(dice)
This program scores, throws the dice, and plays for an N player game of Pig.
'''
from random import randint
from collections import namedtuple
import random
from pprint import pprint as pp
from collections import Counter
playercount = 2
maxscore = 100
maxgames = 100000
Game = namedtuple('Game', 'players, maxscore, rounds')
Round = namedtuple('Round', 'who, start, scores, safe')
class Player():
def __init__(self, player_index):
self.player_index = player_index
def __repr__(self):
return '%s(%i)' % (self.__class__.__name__, self.player_index)
def __call__(self, safescore, scores, game):
'Returns boolean True to roll again'
pass
class RandPlay(Player):
def __call__(self, safe, scores, game):
'Returns random boolean choice of whether to roll again'
return bool(random.randint(0, 1))
class RollTo20(Player):
def __call__(self, safe, scores, game):
'Roll again if this rounds score < 20'
return (((sum(scores) + safe[self.player_index]) < maxscore) # Haven't won yet
and(sum(scores) < 20)) # Not at 20 this round
class Desparat(Player):
def __call__(self, safe, scores, game):
'Roll again if this rounds score < 20 or someone is within 20 of winning'
return (((sum(scores) + safe[self.player_index]) < maxscore) # Haven't won yet
and( (sum(scores) < 20) # Not at 20 this round
or max(safe) >= (maxscore - 20))) # Someone's close
def game__str__(self):
'Pretty printer for Game class'
return ("Game(players=%r, maxscore=%i,\n rounds=[\n %s\n ])"
% (self.players, self.maxscore,
',\n '.join(repr(round) for round in self.rounds)))
Game.__str__ = game__str__
def winningorder(players, safescores):
'Return (players in winning order, their scores)'
return tuple(zip(*sorted(zip(players, safescores),
key=lambda x: x[1], reverse=True)))
def playpig(game):
'''
Plays the game of pig returning the players in winning order
and their scores whilst updating argument game with the details of play.
'''
players, maxscore, rounds = game
playercount = len(players)
safescore = [0] * playercount # Safe scores for each player
player = 0 # Who plays this round
scores=[] # Individual scores this round
while max(safescore) < maxscore:
startscore = safescore[player]
rolling = players[player](safescore, scores, game)
if rolling:
rolled = randint(1, 6)
scores.append(rolled)
if rolled == 1:
# Bust!
round = Round(who=players[player],
start=startscore,
scores=scores,
safe=safescore[player])
rounds.append(round)
scores, player = [], (player + 1) % playercount
else:
# Stick
safescore[player] += sum(scores)
round = Round(who=players[player],
start=startscore,
scores=scores,
safe=safescore[player])
rounds.append(round)
if safescore[player] >= maxscore:
break
scores, player = [], (player + 1) % playercount
# return players in winning order and all scores
return winningorder(players, safescore)
if __name__ == '__main__':
game = Game(players=tuple(RandPlay(i) for i in range(playercount)),
maxscore=20,
rounds=[])
print('ONE GAME')
print('Winning order: %r; Respective scores: %r\n' % playpig(game))
print(game)
game = Game(players=tuple(RandPlay(i) for i in range(playercount)),
maxscore=maxscore,
rounds=[])
algos = (RollTo20, RandPlay, Desparat)
print('\n\nMULTIPLE STATISTICS using %r\n for %i GAMES'
% (', '.join(p.__name__ for p in algos), maxgames,))
winners = Counter(repr(playpig(game._replace(players=tuple(random.choice(algos)(i)
for i in range(playercount)),
rounds=[]))[0])
for i in range(maxgames))
print(' Players(position) winning on left; occurrences on right:\n %s'
% ',\n '.join(str(w) for w in winners.most_common()))
- Output:
First is shown the game data for a single game with reduced maxscore then statistics on multiple games.
Desparat beats RollTo20 beats RandPlay on average. It doesn't matter if they play first or not when playing against another strategies. When both players use the same strategies there may be an advantage in going first.
ONE GAME
Winner: RandPlay(0); Scores: [24, 12]
Game(players=(RandPlay(0), RandPlay(1)), maxscore=20,
rounds=[
Round(who=RandPlay(0), start=0, scores=[], safe=0),
Round(who=RandPlay(1), start=0, scores=[6, 2], safe=8),
Round(who=RandPlay(0), start=0, scores=[], safe=0),
Round(who=RandPlay(1), start=8, scores=[], safe=8),
Round(who=RandPlay(0), start=0, scores=[], safe=0),
Round(who=RandPlay(1), start=8, scores=[4], safe=12),
Round(who=RandPlay(0), start=0, scores=[4, 5, 6, 4, 5], safe=24)
])
MULTIPLE STATISTICS using 'RollTo20, RandPlay, Desparat'
for 100000 GAMES
Players(position) winning on left; occurrences on right:
('(Desparat(1), RandPlay(0))', 11152),
('(RollTo20(1), RandPlay(0))', 11114),
('(Desparat(0), RandPlay(1))', 11072),
('(RollTo20(0), RandPlay(1))', 11007),
('(Desparat(0), RollTo20(1))', 6405),
('(RollTo20(0), RollTo20(1))', 6013),
('(Desparat(0), Desparat(1))', 5820),
('(Desparat(1), RollTo20(0))', 5772),
('(RandPlay(0), RandPlay(1))', 5667),
('(RandPlay(1), RandPlay(0))', 5481),
('(RollTo20(0), Desparat(1))', 5385),
('(Desparat(1), Desparat(0))', 5235),
('(RollTo20(1), RollTo20(0))', 5090),
('(RollTo20(1), Desparat(0))', 4625),
('(RandPlay(0), Desparat(1))', 59),
('(RandPlay(1), RollTo20(0))', 37),
('(RandPlay(1), Desparat(0))', 35),
('(RandPlay(0), RollTo20(1))', 31)
Note: ('(RollTo20(1), RandPlay(0))', 25063) means that the algorithm RollTo20 playing as the second player, (1) wins against algorithm RandPlay of the first player, (0) and wins 25063 times. (Zero based indexing so the first player is player(0)).
[edit] REXX
The strategy for a computer player is to roll again if the total score (including the current inning) has not won, and to roll again if the inning score is less than a quarter of the score needed to win.
The (somewhat aggressive) "quarter" strategy was chosen to give the advantage to a human (it was presumed that this dice game would be played with a CBLF).
/*REXX program plays pig (the dice game) with at least one human player.*/
signal on syntax; signal on novalue /*handle REXX program errors. */
sw=80-1 /*the LINESIZE bif would be nicer*/
parse arg hp cp win die _ . '(' names ")" /*obtain optional arguments.*/
if _\=='' then call err 'too many arguments were specified: ' _
@nhp = 'number of human players' ; hp = scrutinize( hp, @nhp ,0, 0)
@ncp = 'number of computer players'; cp = scrutinize( cp, @ncp ,0, 0)
@sn2w = 'score needed to win' ; win = scrutinize(win, @sn2w ,1,100)
@nsid = 'number of sides in die' ; die = scrutinize(die, @nsid ,2, 6)
if hp==0 & cp==0 then cp=2 /*if both counts are zero, 2 HALs*/
if hp==1 & cp==0 then cp=1 /*if one human, then use 1 HAL.*/
L=0 /*maximum length of a player name*/
do i=1 for hp+cp /*get the player's names, maybe. */
if i>hp then @='HAL_'i"_the_computer" /*use this for default.*/
else @='player_'i /* " " " " */
name.i = translate( word( strip( word(names,i)) @, 1),,'_')
L=max(L, length(name.i)) /*use L for nice name formatting.*/
end /*i*/ /*underscores are changed─�blanks*/
hpn=hp; if hpn==0 then hpn='no' /*use normal English for display.*/
cpn=cp; if cpn==0 then cpn="no" /* " " " " " */
say 'Pig (the dice game) is being played with'
if cpn\==0 then say right(cpn,9) 'computer player's(cp)
if hpn\==0 then say right(hpn,9) 'human player's(hp)
say 'and the' @sn2w "is: " win ' (or greater).'
!.=; dieNames='ace duece trey square nickle boxcar' /*die face names.*/
/*note: snake eyes is for 2 aces.*/
do i=1 for 6; !.i=' ['word(dieNames,i)"] "; end /*i*/
s.=0 /*set all player's scores to zero*/
@=copies('─',9) /*an eyecatcher (for prompting). */
@jra='just rolled a '; @ati=', and the inning' /*nice literals to have.*/
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────let's play some pig.*/
do game=1; in.=0 /*set each inning's score to zero*/
say; say copies('█',sw) /*display a fence for da eyeballs*/
do k=1 for hp+cp /*display the scores (as a recap)*/
say 'The score for' left(name.k,L) "is " right(s.k,length(win))'.'
end /*k*/
say copies('█',sw) /*display a fence for da eyeballs*/
do j=1 for hp+cp /*let each player roll their dice*/
say; say copies('─',sw); /*display a fence for da eyeballs*/
it=word('You It', 1 + (j>hp)) /*pronoun choice: You or It */
say name.j', your total score (so far) in this pig game is:' s.j"."
do until stopped /*keep prompting/rolling 'til not*/
r=random(1,die); !=space(r !.r) /*for color, use a die-face name.*/
in.j=in.j+r
if r==1 then do; say it @jra ! || @ati "is a bust."; leave; end
say it @jra ! || @ati "total is:" in.j
stopped=what2do(j) /*determine|ask to stop rolling.*/
if j>hp & stopped then say ' and' name.j "elected to stop rolling."
end /*until stopped*/
if r\==1 then s.j=s.j+in.j /*if not a bust, then add inning.*/
if s.j>=win then leave game /*we have a winner, so game ends.*/
end /*j*/ /*that's the end of the players. */
end /*game*/
say; say; say; say; say center(''name.j "won! ",sw,'═'); say; say; exit
exit /*stick a fork in it, we're done.*/
/*──────────────────────────────────S subroutine────────────────────────*/
s: if arg(1)==1 then return arg(3); return word(arg(2) 's',1) /*plural?*/
/*──────────────────────────────────SCRUTINIZE subroutine───────────────*/
scrutinize: parse arg ?,what,minimum /*? is the number, or maybe not. */
if ?=='' | ?==',' then return arg(4)
if \datatype(?,'N') then call err what "isn't numeric: " ?; ?=?/1
if \datatype(?,'W') then call err what "isn't an integer: " ?
if ?==0 & minimum>0 then call err what "can't be zero."
if ?<minimum then call err what "can't be less than" minimum': ' ?
return ?
/*──────────────────────────────────what2do subroutine──────────────────*/
what2do: parse arg who /*"who" is a human or a computer.*/
if (j>hp & r+in.j>=win) then return 1 /*an easy choice for HAL.*/
if (j>hp & in.j>=win%4) then return 1 /*a simple stategy for HAL.*/
if j>hp then return 0 /*HAL says, keep truckin'! */
say @ name.who', what do you want to do? (a QUIT will stop the game),'
say @ 'press ENTER to roll again, or anything else to STOP rolling.'
pull action; action=space(action) /*remove any superfluous blanks. */
if \abbrev('QUIT',action,1) then return action\==''
say; say; say; say center(' quitting. ',sw,'─'); say; say; say; exit
/*───────────────────────────────error handling subroutines and others.─*/
err: say; say; say center(' error! ',max(40,linesize()%2),"*"); say
do j=1 for arg(); say arg(j); say; end; say; exit 13
novalue: syntax: call err 'REXX program' condition('C') "error",,
condition('D'),'REXX source statement (line' sigl"):",,
sourceline(sigl)
To play this game with two computer players (simulate), use the following arguments:
0 2
Optionally, you may use (for instance):
0 2 ( HAL R2D2
to specify names for the (two) computer players.
[edit] Tcl
| or alternatively with Tcl 8.5 and |
First the structure of the game (from the parent page):
package require TclOO
oo::class create Player {
variable me
constructor {name} {
set me $name
}
method name {} {
return $me
}
method wantToRoll {safeScore roundScore} {}
method rolled {who what} {
if {$who ne [self]} {
#puts "[$who name] rolled a $what"
}
}
method turnend {who score} {
if {$who ne [self]} {
#puts "End of turn for [$who name] on $score"
}
}
method winner {who score} {
if {$who ne [self]} {
#puts "[$who name] is a winner, on $score"
}
}
}
oo::class create HumanPlayer {
variable me
superclass Player
method wantToRoll {safeScore roundScore} {
while 1 {
puts -nonewline "$me (on $safeScore+$roundScore) do you want to roll? (Y/n)"
flush stdout
if {[gets stdin line] < 0} {
# EOF detected
puts ""
exit
}
if {$line eq "" || $line eq "y" || $line eq "Y"} {
return 1
}
if {$line eq "n" || $line eq "N"} {
return 0
}
}
}
method stuck {score} {
puts "$me sticks with score $score"
}
method busted {score} {
puts "Busted! ($me still on score $score)"
}
method won {score} {
puts "$me has won! (Score: $score)"
}
}
proc rollDie {} {
expr {1+int(rand() * 6)}
}
proc rotateList {var} {
upvar 1 $var l
set l [list {*}[lrange $l 1 end] [lindex $l 0]]
}
proc broadcast {players message score} {
set p0 [lindex $players 0]
foreach p $players {
$p $message $p0 $score
}
}
proc pig {args} {
set players $args
set scores [lrepeat [llength $args] 0]
while 1 {
set player [lindex $players 0]
set safe [lindex $scores 0]
set s 0
while 1 {
if {$safe + $s >= 100} {
incr safe $s
$player won $safe
broadcast $players winner $safe
return $player
}
if {![$player wantToRoll $safe $s]} {
lset scores 0 [incr safe $s]
$player stuck $safe
break
}
set roll [rollDie]
broadcast $players rolled $roll
if {$roll == 1} {
$player busted $safe
break
}
incr s $roll
}
broadcast $players turnend $safe
rotateList players
rotateList scores
}
}
Then the classes that create the various implemented strategies:
oo::class create RoboPlayer {
superclass Player
variable me
constructor {name} {
# Add a symbol to the name to mark a robot...
next "$name\u00ae"
}
method wantToRoll {safeScore roundScore} {
puts -nonewline "$me has ($safeScore,$roundScore)... "
set decision [my Decide $safeScore $roundScore]
puts [lindex {stick roll} $decision]
return $decision
}
method stuck {score} {
puts "$me sticks with score $score"
}
method busted {score} {
puts "Busted! ($me still on score $score)"
}
method won {score} {
puts "$me has won! (Score: $score)"
}
}
# Just takes a random decision as to what to play
oo::class create RandomPlayer {
superclass RoboPlayer
constructor {} {next "Random"}
method Decide {a b} {expr {rand() < 0.5}}
}
# Rolls until it scores at least 20 from a round or goes bust
oo::class create To20Player {
superclass RoboPlayer
constructor {} {next "To20"}
method Decide {safeScore roundScore} {expr {$roundScore < 20}}
}
# Like To20, but will roll desperately once another player reaches 80
oo::class create Desperate {
superclass RoboPlayer
variable me scores
constructor {} {
next "Desperate"
set scores {}
}
method Decide {safeScore roundScore} {
dict for {who val} $scores {
if {$who ne [self] && $val >= 80} {
return 1
}
}
return [expr {$roundScore < 20}]
}
# Keep an eye on other players
method turnend {who score} {
next $who $score
dict set scores $who $score
}
}
Demonstration, pitting the three of them against each other:
pig [RandomPlayer new] [To20Player new] [Desperate new]
- Output:
Random® has (0,0)... roll Busted! (Random® still on score 0) To20® has (0,0)... roll To20® has (0,4)... roll Busted! (To20® still on score 0) Desperate® has (0,0)... roll Desperate® has (0,6)... roll Desperate® has (0,10)... roll Desperate® has (0,13)... roll Desperate® has (0,17)... roll Desperate® has (0,21)... stick Desperate® sticks with score 21 Random® has (0,0)... roll Busted! (Random® still on score 0) To20® has (0,0)... roll To20® has (0,2)... roll To20® has (0,7)... roll To20® has (0,11)... roll To20® has (0,16)... roll To20® has (0,19)... roll To20® has (0,25)... stick To20® sticks with score 25 Desperate® has (21,0)... roll Desperate® has (21,6)... roll Desperate® has (21,12)... roll Busted! (Desperate® still on score 21) Random® has (0,0)... stick Random® sticks with score 0 To20® has (25,0)... roll Busted! (To20® still on score 25) Desperate® has (21,0)... roll Desperate® has (21,4)... roll Desperate® has (21,7)... roll Desperate® has (21,9)... roll Busted! (Desperate® still on score 21) Random® has (0,0)... stick Random® sticks with score 0 To20® has (25,0)... roll To20® has (25,5)... roll Busted! (To20® still on score 25) Desperate® has (21,0)... roll Desperate® has (21,2)... roll Desperate® has (21,7)... roll Desperate® has (21,11)... roll Desperate® has (21,14)... roll Desperate® has (21,19)... roll Desperate® has (21,24)... stick Desperate® sticks with score 45 Random® has (0,0)... stick Random® sticks with score 0 To20® has (25,0)... roll To20® has (25,5)... roll To20® has (25,8)... roll To20® has (25,14)... roll To20® has (25,18)... roll To20® has (25,20)... stick To20® sticks with score 45 Desperate® has (45,0)... roll Desperate® has (45,6)... roll Desperate® has (45,11)... roll Desperate® has (45,14)... roll Desperate® has (45,18)... roll Desperate® has (45,21)... stick Desperate® sticks with score 66 Random® has (0,0)... roll Random® has (0,2)... stick Random® sticks with score 2 To20® has (45,0)... roll To20® has (45,6)... roll To20® has (45,12)... roll To20® has (45,18)... roll To20® has (45,24)... stick To20® sticks with score 69 Desperate® has (66,0)... roll Desperate® has (66,6)... roll Busted! (Desperate® still on score 66) Random® has (2,0)... roll Busted! (Random® still on score 2) To20® has (69,0)... roll To20® has (69,4)... roll To20® has (69,8)... roll To20® has (69,14)... roll To20® has (69,20)... stick To20® sticks with score 89 Desperate® has (66,0)... roll Desperate® has (66,6)... roll Desperate® has (66,10)... roll Desperate® has (66,12)... roll Desperate® has (66,18)... roll Desperate® has (66,23)... roll Desperate® has (66,27)... roll Desperate® has (66,29)... roll Desperate® has (66,31)... roll Desperate® has won! (Score: 101)
