Perfect numbers
You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know.
Write a function which says whether a number is perfect.
A perfect number is a positive integer that is the sum of its proper positive divisors excluding the number itself. Equivalently, a perfect number is a number that is half the sum of all of its positive divisors (including itself).
Note: The faster Lucas-Lehmer test is used to find primes of the form 2n-1, all known perfect numbers can be derived from these primes using the formula (2n - 1) × 2n - 1. It is not known if there are any odd perfect numbers.
See also
Ada
<lang ada>function Is_Perfect(N : Positive) return Boolean is
Sum : Natural := 0;
begin
for I in 1..N - 1 loop
if N mod I = 0 then
Sum := Sum + I;
end if;
end loop;
return Sum = N;
end Is_Perfect;</lang>
ALGOL 68
<lang algol68>PROC is perfect = (INT candidate)BOOL: (
INT sum :=1;
FOR f1 FROM 2 TO ENTIER ( sqrt(candidate)*(1+2*small real) ) WHILE
IF candidate MOD f1 = 0 THEN
sum +:= f1;
INT f2 = candidate OVER f1;
IF f2 > f1 THEN
sum +:= f2
FI
FI;
- WHILE # sum <= candidate DO
SKIP OD; sum=candidate
);
test:(
FOR i FROM 2 TO 33550336 DO IF is perfect(i) THEN print((i, new line)) FI OD
)</lang> Output:
+6
+28
+496
+8128
+33550336
AutoHotkey
This will find the first 8 perfect numbers. <lang autohotkey>Loop, 30 {
If isMersennePrime(A_Index + 1) res .= "Perfect number: " perfectNum(A_Index + 1) "`n"
}
MsgBox % res
perfectNum(N) {
Return 2**(N - 1) * (2**N - 1)
}
isMersennePrime(N) {
If (isPrime(N)) && (isPrime(2**N - 1)) Return true
}
isPrime(N) {
Loop, % Floor(Sqrt(N))
If (A_Index > 1 && !Mod(N, A_Index))
Return false
Return true
}</lang>
AWK
<lang awk>$ awk 'func perf(n){s=0;for(i=1;i<n;i++)if(n%i==0)s+=i;return(s==n)} BEGIN{for(i=1;i<10000;i++)if(perf(i))print i}' 6 28 496 8128</lang>
BASIC
<lang qbasic>FUNCTION perf(n) sum = 0 for i = 1 to n - 1 IF n MOD i = 0 THEN sum = sum + i END IF NEXT i IF sum = n THEN perf = 1 ELSE perf = 0 END IF END FUNCTION</lang>
C
<lang c>#include "stdio.h"
- include "math.h"
int perfect(int n) {
int max = (int)sqrt((double)n) + 1; int tot = 1; int i;
for (i = 2; i < max; i++)
if ( (n % i) == 0 ) {
tot += i;
int q = n / i;
if (q > i)
tot += q;
}
return tot == n;
}
int main() {
int n;
for (n = 2; n < 33550337; n++)
if (perfect(n))
printf("%d\n", n);
return 0;
}</lang>
C#
<lang csharp> static void Main(string[] args) { Console.WriteLine("Perfect numbers from 1 to 33550337:");
for (int x = 0; x < 33550337; x++) { if (IsPerfect(x)) Console.WriteLine(x + " is perfect."); }
Console.ReadLine(); }
static bool IsPerfect(int num) { int sum = 0; for (int i = 1; i < num; i++) { if (num % i == 0) sum += i; }
return sum == num ; } </lang>
Version using Lambdas, will only work from version 3 of C# on
<lang csharp> static void Main(string[] args) { Console.WriteLine("Perfect numbers from 1 to 33550337:");
for (int x = 0; x < 33550337; x++) { if (IsPerfect(x)) Console.WriteLine(x + " is perfect."); }
Console.ReadLine(); }
static bool IsPerfect(int num) { return Enumerable.Range(1, num - 1).Sum(n => num % n == 0 ? n : 0 ) == num; } </lang>
C++
<lang cpp>#include <iostream> using namespace std ;
bool is_perfect( int ) ;
int main( ) {
cout << "Perfect numbers from 1 to 33550337:\n" ;
for ( int num = 1 ; num < 33550337 ; num++ ) {
if ( is_perfect( num ) )
cout << num << '\n' ;
}
return 0 ;
}
bool is_perfect( int number ) {
int sum = 0 ;
for ( int i = 1 ; i < number ; i++ )
if ( number % i == 0 )
sum += i ;
return sum == number ;
}</lang>
Clojure
<lang lisp>(defn proper-divisors [n]
(if (< n 4) '(1) (cons 1 (filter #(zero? (rem n %)) (range 2 (inc (quot n 2))))))
) (defn perfect? [n]
(== (reduce + (proper-divisors n)) n)
)</lang>
Common Lisp
<lang lisp>(defun perfectp (n)
(= n (loop for i from 1 below n when (= 0 (mod n i)) sum i)))</lang>
D
Based on the Algol version: <lang d>pure bool isPerfectNumber(int n) {
if (n < 2) {
return false;
}
int max = cast(int) sqrt(cast(real) n) + 1;
int sum = 1;
for (int i = 2; i < max; i++) {
if (n % i == 0) {
sum += i;
int q = n / i;
if (q > i) {
sum += q;
}
}
}
return sum == n;
}
void main() {
for (int n; n < 10000; n++) {
if (isPerfectNumber(n)) {
writeln(n);
}
}
}</lang> <lang d>unittest {
assert(equal(filter!(isPerfectNumber)(iota(1,10000)), [6,28,496,8128]));
}</lang>
E
<lang e>pragma.enable("accumulator") def isPerfectNumber(x :int) {
var sum := 0
for d ? (x % d <=> 0) in 1..!x {
sum += d
if (sum > x) { return false }
}
return sum <=> x
}</lang>
Erlang
<lang erlang>is_perfect(X) ->
X == lists:sum([N || N <- lists:seq(1,X-1), X rem N == 0]).</lang>
FALSE
<lang false>[0\1[\$@$@-][\$@$@$@$@\/*=[@\$@+@@]?1+]#%=]p: 45p;!." "28p;!. { 0 -1 }</lang>
Factor
<lang factor>USING: kernel math math.primes.factors sequences ; IN: rosettacode.perfect-numbers
- perfect? ( n -- ? ) [ divisors sum ] [ 2 * ] bi = ;</lang>
Forth
<lang forth>: perfect? ( n -- ? )
1 over 2/ 1+ 2 ?do over i mod 0= if i + then loop = ;</lang>
Fortran
<lang fortran>FUNCTION isPerfect(n)
LOGICAL :: isPerfect INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: n INTEGER :: i, factorsum
isPerfect = .FALSE.
factorsum = 1
DO i = 2, INT(SQRT(REAL(n)))
IF(MOD(n, i) == 0) factorsum = factorsum + i + (n / i)
END DO
IF (factorsum == n) isPerfect = .TRUE.
END FUNCTION isPerfect</lang>
GAP
<lang gap>Filtered([1 .. 10000], n -> Sum(DivisorsInt(n)) = 2*n);
- [ 6, 28, 496, 8128 ]</lang>
Go
{Show {IsPerfect 33550336}}</lang>
PARI/GP
Uses built-in method. Faster tests would use the LL test for evens and myriad results on OPNs otherwise. <lang>isPerfect(n)=sigma(n,-1)==2</lang>
Perl
<lang perl>sub perf {
my $n = shift;
my $sum = 0;
foreach my $i (1..$n-1) {
if ($n % $i == 0) {
$sum += $i;
}
}
return $sum == $n;
}</lang> Functional style: <lang perl>use List::Util qw(sum);
sub perf {
my $n = shift;
$n == sum(0, grep {$n % $_ == 0} 1..$n-1);
}</lang>
Perl 6
<lang perl6>sub perf($n) { $n == [+] grep $n %% *, 1 ..^ $n }</lang>
PHP
<lang php>function is_perfect($number) {
$sum = 0;
for($i = 1; $i < $number; $i++)
{
if($number % $i == 0)
$sum += $i;
}
return $sum == $number;
}
echo "Perfect numbers from 1 to 33550337:" . PHP_EOL; for($num = 1; $num < 33550337; $num++) {
if(is_perfect($num))
echo $num . PHP_EOL;
}</lang>
PicoLisp
<lang PicoLisp>(de perfect (N)
(let C 0
(for I (/ N 2)
(and (=0 (% N I)) (inc 'C I)) )
(= C N) ) )</lang>
PowerShell
<lang powershell>Function IsPerfect($n) { $sum=0
for($i=1;$i-lt$n;$i++)
{
if($n%$i -eq 0)
{
$sum += $i
}
}
return $sum -eq $n }
Returns "True" if the given number is perfect and "False" if it's not.</lang>
Prolog
Works with SWI-Prolog
<lang Prolog>tt_divisors(X, N, TT) :- Q is X / N, ( 0 is X mod N -> (Q = N -> TT1 is N + TT;
TT1 is N + Q + TT);
TT = TT1),
( sqrt(X) > N + 1 -> N1 is N+1, tt_divisors(X, N1, TT1); TT1 = X).
perfect(X) :- tt_divisors(X, 2, 1).
perfect_numbers(N, L) :- numlist(2, N, LN), include(perfect, LN, L). </lang>
PureBasic
<lang PureBasic>Procedure is_Perfect_number(n)
Protected summa, i=1, result=#False
Repeat
If Not n%i
summa+i
EndIf
i+1
Until i>=n
If summa=n
result=#True
EndIf
ProcedureReturn result
EndProcedure</lang>
Python
<lang python>def perf(n):
sum = 0
for i in xrange(1, n):
if n % i == 0:
sum += i
return sum == n</lang>
Functional style: <lang python>perf = lambda n: n == sum(i for i in xrange(1, n) if n % i == 0)</lang>
R
<lang R>is.perf <- function(n){ if (n==0|n==1) return(FALSE) s <- seq (1,n-1) x <- n %% s m <- data.frame(s,x) out <- with(m, s[x==0]) return(sum(out)==n) }
- Usage - Warning High Memory Usage
is.perf(28) sapply(c(6,28,496,8128,33550336),is.perf)</lang>
REBOL
<lang rebol> perfect?: func [n [integer!] /local sum] [
sum: 0
repeat i (n - 1) [
if zero? remainder n i [
sum: sum + i
]
]
sum = n
] </lang>
REXX
version 1
<lang rexx> /*REXX program to test if a number is perfect. */
arg low high . if high== & low== then high=10000 if low== then low=1 if high== then high=low
do j=low to high if isperfect(j) then say j 'is a perfect number.' end
exit
/*─────────────────────────────────────ISPERFECT subroutine─────────────*/ isperfect: procedure; parse arg x /*get the number to be tested. */ if x=6 then return 1 /*handle this special case. */ if x//2==1 | x<28 then return 0 /*if odd or less then 28, nope. */
sum=3+x%2 /*we know the following factors: */
/* 1 */
/* 2 (because it's even.) */
/* x/2 " " " */
do j=3 to x%2 /*starting at 3, find factors. */
if j*j>x then leave /*if past the sqrt of X, stop. */
if x//j==0 then do /*J divides X evenly, so ... */
sum=sum+j+x%j /*... add it and the other factor*/
end
end
return sum==x /*if the sum matches X, perfect! */ </lang> Output (using the defaults):
6 is a perfect number. 28 is a perfect number. 496 is a perfect number. 8128 is a perfect number.
version 2
<lang rexx> /*REXX program to test if a number is perfect. */
arg low high . if high== & low== then high=34000000 if low== then low=1 if high== then high=low w=length(high)
do j=low to high if isperfect(j) then say right(j,w) 'is a perfect number.' end
exit
/*─────────────────────────────────────ISPERFECT subroutine─────────────*/
isperfect: procedure; parse arg x /*get the number to be tested. */
if x=6 then return 1 /*handle this special case. */
if x//2==1 | x<28 then return 0 /*if odd or less then 28, nope. */
/*we know that perfect numbers */
/*can be expressed as: */
/* [2**n - 1] * [2** (n-1) ] */
do k=3 /*start at a power of three. */ ?=(2**k-1)*2**(k-1) /*compute expression for a power.*/ if ?<x then iterate /*Too low? Then keep on truckin'*/ if ?>x then return 0 /*Too high? Number isn't perfect*/ if ?==x then leave /*this number is just right. */ end
sum=3+x%2 /*we know the following factors: */
/* 1 ('cause Mama said so.)*/
/* 2 (because it's even.) */
/* x/2 " " " */
do j=3 to x%2 /*starting at 3, find factors. */
if j*j>x then leave /*if past the sqrt of X, stop. */
if x//j==0 then do /*J divides X evenly, so ... */
sum=sum+j+x%j /*... add it and the other factor*/
end
end
return sum==x /*if the sum matches X, perfect! */ </lang> Output (using the defaults):
6 is a perfect number.
28 is a perfect number.
496 is a perfect number.
8128 is a perfect number.
33550336 is a perfect number.
Ruby
<lang ruby>def perf(n)
sum = 0
for i in 1...n
if n % i == 0
sum += i
end
end
return sum == n
end</lang> Functional style: <lang ruby>def perf(n)
n == (1...n).select {|i| n % i == 0}.inject(0) {|sum, i| sum + i}
end</lang>
Scala
<lang scala>def perfectInt(input: Int) = ((2 to sqrt(input).toInt).collect {case x if input % x == 0 => x + input / x}).sum == input - 1</lang>
Scheme
<lang scheme>(define (perf n)
(let loop ((i 1)
(sum 0))
(cond ((= i n)
(= sum n))
((= 0 (modulo n i))
(loop (+ i 1) (+ sum i)))
(else
(loop (+ i 1) sum)))))</lang>
Slate
<lang slate>n@(Integer traits) isPerfect [
(((2 to: n // 2 + 1) select: [| :m | (n rem: m) isZero]) inject: 1 into: #+ `er) = n
].</lang>
Smalltalk
<lang smalltalk>Integer extend [
"Translation of the C version; this is faster..."
isPerfectC [ |tot| tot := 1.
(2 to: (self sqrt) + 1) do: [ :i |
(self rem: i) = 0
ifTrue: [ |q|
tot := tot + i.
q := self // i.
q > i ifTrue: [ tot := tot + q ]
]
].
^ tot = self
]
"... but this seems more idiomatic"
isPerfect [
^ ( ( ( 2 to: self // 2 + 1) select: [ :a | (self rem: a) = 0 ] )
inject: 1 into: [ :a :b | a + b ] ) = self
]
].</lang>
<lang smalltalk>1 to: 9000 do: [ :p | (p isPerfect) ifTrue: [ p printNl ] ]</lang>
Tcl
<lang tcl>proc perfect n {
set sum 0
for {set i 1} {$i <= $n} {incr i} {
if {$n % $i == 0} {incr sum $i}
}
expr {$sum == 2*$n}
}</lang>
Ursala
<lang Ursala>#import std
- import nat
is_perfect = ~&itB&& ^(~&,~&t+ iota); ^E/~&l sum:-0+ ~| not remainder</lang> This test program applies the function to a list of the first five hundred natural numbers and deletes the imperfect ones. <lang Ursala>#cast %nL
examples = is_perfect*~ iota 500</lang> output:
<6,28,496>