Long literals, with continuations
This task is about writing a computer program that has long literals (character literals that may require specifying the words/tokens on more than one (source) line, either with continuations or some other method, such as abutments or concatenations (or some other mechanisms).
The literal is to be in the form of a "list", a literal that contains many
words (tokens) separated by a blank (space), in this case (so as to have a
common list), the (English) names of the chemical elements of the periodic table.
The list is to be in (ascending) order of the element's atomic number:
hydrogen helium lithium beryllium boron carbon nitrogen oxygen fluorine neon sodium aluminum silicon ...
... up to the last known (named) element (at this time).
Do not include any of the "unnamed" element names such as:
ununennium unquadnilium triunhexium penthextrium penthexpentium septhexunium octenntrium ennennbium
To make computer programming languages comparable, the statement widths should be
restricted to less than 81 bytes (characters), or less
if a computer programming language has more restrictive limitations or standards.
Also mention what column the programming statements can start in if not in column one.
The list may have leading/embedded/trailing blanks during the
declaration (the actual program statements), this is allow the list to be
more readable. The "final" list shouldn't have any leading/trailing or superfluous
blanks (when stored in the program's "memory").
This list should be written with the idea in mind that the program will be updated, most likely someone other than the original author, as there will be newer (discovered) elements of the periodic table being added (possibly in the near future). These future updates should be one of the primary concerns in writing these programs and it should be "easy" for someone else to add chemical elements to the list (within the computer program).
Attention should be paid so as to not exceed the clause length of continued or specified statements, if there is such a restriction. If the limit is greater than (say) 4,000 bytes or so, it needn't be mentioned here.
- Task
-
- Write a computer program (by whatever name) to contain a list of the known elements.
- The program should eventually contain a long literal of words (the elements).
- The literal should show how one could create a long list of blank-delineated words.
- The "final" (stored) list should only have a single blank between elements.
- Try to use the most idiomatic approach(es) in creating the final list.
- Use continuation if possible, and/or show alternatives (possibly using concatenation).
- Use a program comment to explain what the continuation character is if not obvious.
- The program should contain a variable that has the date of the last update/revision.
- The program, when run, should display with verbiage:
- The last update/revision date (and should be unambiguous).
- The number of chemical elements in the list.
- The name of the highest (last) element name.
Show all output here, on this page.
Factor
The qw vocabulary provides Perl-ish syntax for arrays of strings. For instance, the literal
qw{ a bc d }expands to
{ "a" "bc" "d" }during parse time. This is convenient to use when the strings that are stored contain no whitespace.
The convention in Factor is to limit lines to 60 characters wide if possible. This constraint is sometimes waived for large literals, but it was easy enough to accommodate here.
<lang factor>USING: formatting kernel qw sequences ;
qw{
hydrogen helium lithium beryllium boron carbon nitrogen oxygen fluorine neon sodium magnesium aluminum silicon phosphorous sulfur chlorine argon potassium calcium scandium titanium vanadium chromium manganese iron cobalt nickel copper zinc gallium germanium arsenic selenium bromine krypton rubidium strontium yttrium zirconium niobium molybdenum technetium ruthenium rhodium palladium silver cadmium indium tin antimony tellurium iodine xenon cesium barium lanthanum cerium praseodymium neodymium promethium samarium europium gadolinium terbium dysprosium holmium erbium thulium ytterbium lutetium hafnium tantalum tungsten rhenium osmium iridium platinum gold mercury thallium lead bismuth polonium astatine radon francium radium actinium thorium protactinium uranium neptunium plutonium americium curium berkelium californium einsteinium fermium mendelevium nobelium lawrencium rutherfordium dubnium seaborgium bohrium hassium meitnerium darmstadtium roentgenium copernicium nihonium flerovium moscovium livermorium tennessine oganesson
}
"2020-03-23" ! last revision date in YYYY-MM-DD format
"Last revision: %s\n" printf [ length ] [ last ] bi "Number of elements: %d\nLast element: %s\n" printf</lang>
- Output:
Last revision: 2020-03-23 Number of elements: 118 Last element: oganesson
Raku
Not really sure I understand the point of this task. Seems to be load some list into memory and manipulate it somehow. Exceptionally boring to just read it in and then read it back out again. Perform some more interesting manipulations. Use < > quoting construct for literal string; unlimited (memory limited) characters, spaces don't matter, new-lines don't matter, blank lines don't matter.
<lang perl6>my %periodic; %periodic<revision-date> = Date.new(2020,3,23);
%periodic
= |< Hydrogen 1.0079 H Helium 4.0026 He Lithium 6.941 Li Beryllium 9.0122 Be Boron 10.811 B Carbon 12.0107 C Nitrogen 14.0067 N Oxygen 15.9994 O Fluorine 18.9984 F Neon 20.1797 Ne Sodium 22.9897 Na Magnesium 24.305 Mg Aluminum 26.9815 Al Silicon 28.0855 Si Phosphorus 30.9738 P Sulfur 32.065 S Chlorine 35.453 Cl Potassium 39.0983 K Argon 39.948 Ar Calcium 40.078 Ca Scandium 44.9559 Sc Titanium 47.867 Ti Vanadium 50.9415 V Chromium 51.9961 Cr Manganese 54.938 Mn Iron 55.845 Fe Nickel 58.6934 Ni Cobalt 58.9332 Co Copper 63.546 Cu Zinc 65.39 Zn Gallium 69.723 Ga Germanium 72.64 Ge Arsenic 74.9216 As Selenium 78.96 Se Bromine 79.904 Br Krypton 83.8 Kr Rubidium 85.4678 Rb Strontium 87.62 Sr Yttrium 88.9059 Y Zirconium 91.224 Zr Niobium 92.9064 Nb Molybdenum 95.94 Mo Technetium 98 Tc Ruthenium 101.07 Ru Rhodium 102.9055 Rh Palladium 106.42 Pd Silver 107.8682 Ag Cadmium 112.411 Cd Indium 114.818 In Tin 118.71 Sn Antimony 121.76 Sb Iodine 126.9045 I Tellurium 127.6 Te Xenon 131.293 Xe Cesium 132.9055 Cs Barium 137.327 Ba Lanthanum 138.9055 La Cerium 140.116 Ce Praseodymium 140.9077 Pr Neodymium 144.24 Nd Promethium 145 Pm Samarium 150.36 Sm Europium 151.964 Eu Gadolinium 157.25 Gd Terbium 158.9253 Tb Dysprosium 162.5 Dy Holmium 164.9303 Ho Erbium 167.259 Er Thulium 168.9342 Tm Ytterbium 173.04 Yb Lutetium 174.967 Lu Hafnium 178.49 Hf Tantalum 180.9479 Ta Tungsten 183.84 W Rhenium 186.207 Re Osmium 190.23 Os Iridium 192.217 Ir Platinum 195.078 Pt Gold 196.9665 Au Mercury 200.59 Hg Thallium 204.3833 Tl Lead 207.2 Pb Bismuth 208.9804 Bi Polonium 209 Po Astatine 210 At Radon 222 Rn Francium 223 Fr Radium 226 Ra Actinium 227 Ac Protactinium 231.0359 Pa Thorium 232.0381 Th Neptunium 237 Np Uranium 238.0289 U Americium 243 Am Plutonium 244 Pu Curium 247 Cm Berkelium 247 Bk Californium 251 Cf Einsteinium 252 Es Fermium 257 Fm Mendelevium 258 Md Nobelium 259 No Rutherfordium 261 Rf Lawrencium 262 Lr Dubnium 262 Db Bohrium 264 Bh Seaborgium 266 Sg Meitnerium 268 Mt Roentgenium 272 Rg Hassium 277 Hs Darmstadtium ??? Ds Copernicium ??? Cn Nihonium ??? Nh Flerovium ??? Fl Moscovium ??? Mc Livermorium ??? Lv Tennessine ??? Ts Oganesson ??? Og >.words.map: { (:name($^a), :weight($^b), :symbol($^c)).hash }; put 'Revision date: ', %periodic<revision-date>; put 'Last element by position (nominally by weight): ', %periodic- Output:
Revision date: 2020-03-23 Last element by position (nominally by weight): Oganesson Total number of elements: 118 Last element sorted by full name: Zirconium Longest element name: Rutherfordium Shortest element name: Tin Symbols for elements whose name starts with "P": P K Pd Pr Pm Pt Po Pa Pu Elements with molecular weight between 20 & 40: Neon Sodium Magnesium Aluminum Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Potassium Argon SCRN: Raku
REXX
using continuations
This method will not work for some REXXes such as PC/REXX and Personal REXX as those two REXXes have a clause length limit of 1,024 bytes.
The space BIF is used to eliminate superfluous blanks from the list.
Most modern REXXes have no practical limit for a clause length. <lang rexx>/*REXX pgm illustrates how to code a list of words (named chemical elements */ /*──────────────────────── ordered by their atomic number) in a list format. */
$= 'hydrogen helium lithium beryllium boron carbon' ,
'nitrogen oxygen fluorine neon sodium magnesium' , 'aluminum silicon phosphorous sulfur chlorine argon' , 'potassium calcium scandium titanium vanadium chromium' , 'manganese iron cobalt nickel copper zinc' , 'gallium germanium arsenic selenium bromine krypton' , 'rubidium strontium yttrium zirconium niobium molybdenum', 'technetium ruthenium rhodium palladium silver cadmium' , 'indium tin antimony tellurium iodine xenon' , 'cesium barium lanthanum cerium praseodymium neodymium' , 'promethium samarium europium gadolinium terbium dysprosium', 'holmium erbium thulium ytterbium lutetium hafnium' , 'tantalum tungsten rhenium osmium iridium platinum' , 'gold mercury thallium lead bismuth polonium' , 'astatine radon francium radium actinium thorium' , 'protactinium uranium neptunium plutonium americium curium' , 'berkelium californium einsteinium fermium mendelevium nobelium' , 'lawrencium rutherfordium dubnium seaborgium bohrium hassium' , 'meitnerium darmstadtium roentgenium copernicium nihonium flerovium' , 'moscovium livermorium tennessine oganesson'
/* [↑] element list using continuation (commas).*/
updated= 'February 29th, 2020' /*date of the last revision of list.*/ say 'revision date of the list: ' updated /*show the date of the last update. */ elements= space($) /*elide excess blanks in the list*/
- = words(elements) /*the number of elements " " " */
say 'number of elements in the list: ' # /*show " " " " " " */ say 'the last element is: ' word($, #) /*stick a fork in it, we're all done*/</lang>
- output when using the default input:
===using concatenations===
The REXX version uses concatenation (also called abutment) to build the list.
<lang rexx>/*REXX pgm illustrates how to code a list of words (named chemical elements */
/*──────────────────────── ordered by their atomic number) in a list format. */
$= 'hydrogen helium lithium beryllium boron carbon'
$=$ 'nitrogen oxygen fluorine neon sodium magnesium'
$=$ 'aluminum silicon phosphorous sulfur chlorine argon'
$=$ 'potassium calcium scandium titanium vanadium chromium'
$=$ 'manganese iron cobalt nickel copper zinc'
$=$ 'gallium germanium arsenic selenium bromine krypton'
$=$ 'rubidium strontium yttrium zirconium niobium molybdenum'
$=$ 'technetium ruthenium rhodium palladium silver cadmium'
$=$ 'indium tin antimony tellurium iodine xenon'
$=$ 'cesium barium lanthanum cerium praseodymium neodymium'
$=$ 'promethium samarium europium gadolinium terbium dysprosium'
$=$ 'holmium erbium thulium ytterbium lutetium hafnium'
$=$ 'tantalum tungsten rhenium osmium iridium platinum'
$=$ 'gold mercury thallium lead bismuth polonium'
$=$ 'astatine radon francium radium actinium thorium'
$=$ 'protactinium uranium neptunium plutonium americium curium'
$=$ 'berkelium californium einsteinium fermium mendelevium nobelium'
$=$ 'lawrencium rutherfordium dubnium seaborgium bohrium hassium'
$=$ 'meitnerium darmstadtium roentgenium copernicium nihonium flerovium'
$=$ 'moscovium livermorium tennessine oganesson'
/* [↑] element list using abutments*/
update= '29Feb2020' /*date of the last revision of list.*/
say 'revision date of the list: ' update /*show the date of the last update. */
elements= space($) /*elide excess blanks in the list*/
#= words(elements) /*the number of elements " " " */
say 'number of elements in the list: ' # /*show " " " " " " */
say 'the last element is: ' word($, #) /*stick a fork in it, we're all done*/</lang>
{{out|output|text= when using the default input:}}
<pre
revision date of the list: 29Feb2020
number of elements in the list: 118
the last element is: oganesson
zkl
This solution uses a "doc string", a chunk of text that the parser eats verbatim. It starts and ends with #<<<. If started with #<<<", a leading " is added to the text. The text is then parsed as one [long] line.
The string split method creats a list of items split at white space (by default). To turn that into one string with one space between each item, use: elements.concat(" ")
The __DATE__ constant is a compile time constant, which is often different from the last modified date of the source file (as programs are often run as source). <lang zkl>elements:=
- <<<"
hydrogen helium lithium beryllium boron carbon nitrogen oxygen fluorine neon sodium magnesium aluminum silicon phosphorous sulfur chlorine argon potassium calcium scandium titanium vanadium chromium manganese iron cobalt nickel copper zinc gallium germanium arsenic selenium bromine krypton rubidium strontium yttrium zirconium niobium molybdenum technetium ruthenium rhodium palladium silver cadmium indium tin antimony tellurium iodine xenon cesium barium lanthanum cerium praseodymium neodymium promethium samarium europium gadolinium terbium dysprosium holmium erbium thulium ytterbium lutetium hafnium tantalum tungsten rhenium osmium iridium platinum gold mercury thallium lead bismuth polonium astatine radon francium radium actinium thorium protactinium uranium neptunium plutonium americium curium berkelium californium einsteinium fermium mendelevium nobelium lawrencium rutherfordium dubnium seaborgium bohrium hassium meitnerium darmstadtium roentgenium copernicium nihonium flerovium moscovium livermorium tennessine oganesson" .split();
- <<<
println("Date of this compile: ",__DATE__); println(elements.len()," elements, the last being \"",elements[-1],"\"");</lang>
- Output:
Date of this compile: 2020-03-23 118 elements, the last being "oganesson"