Fractal tree: Difference between revisions
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Generate and draw a fractal tree.
# Draw the trunk
# At the end of the trunk, split by some angle and draw two branches
# Repeat at the end of each branch until a sufficient level of branching is reached
;Related tasks
* [[Pythagoras_tree|Pythagoras Tree]]
<br><br>
=={{header|11l}}==
{{trans|Nim}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="11l">-V
Width = 1000
Height = 1000
TrunkLength = 400
ScaleFactor = 0.6
StartingAngle = 1.5 * math:pi
DeltaAngle = 0.2 * math:pi
F drawTree(outfile, Float x, y; len, theta) -> Void
I len >= 1
V x2 = x + len * cos(theta)
V y2 = y + len * sin(theta)
outfile.write("<line x1='#.6' y1='#.6' x2='#.6' y2='#.6' style='stroke:white;stroke-width:1'/>\n".format(x, y, x2, y2))
drawTree(outfile, x2, y2, len * ScaleFactor, theta + DeltaAngle)
drawTree(outfile, x2, y2, len * ScaleFactor, theta - DeltaAngle)
V outsvg = File(‘tree.svg’, WRITE)
outsvg.write(|‘<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8' standalone='no'?>
<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC '-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN' 'http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd'>
<svg width='100%%' height='100%%' version='1.1' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'>
<rect width="100%" height="100%" fill="black"/>
’)
drawTree(outsvg, 0.5 * Width, Height, TrunkLength, StartingAngle)
outsvg.write("</svg>\n")</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Action!}}==
Action! language does not support recursion. Therefore an iterative approach with a stack has been proposed.
<syntaxhighlight lang="action!">DEFINE MAXSIZE="12"
INT ARRAY SinTab=[
0 4 9 13 18 22 27 31 36 40 44 49 53 58 62 66 71 75 79 83
88 92 96 100 104 108 112 116 120 124 128 132 136 139 143
147 150 154 158 161 165 168 171 175 178 181 184 187 190
193 196 199 202 204 207 210 212 215 217 219 222 224 226
228 230 232 234 236 237 239 241 242 243 245 246 247 248
249 250 251 252 253 254 254 255 255 255 256 256 256 256]
INT ARRAY xStack(MAXSIZE),yStack(MAXSIZE),angleStack(MAXSIZE)
BYTE ARRAY lenStack(MAXSIZE),dirStack(MAXSIZE)
BYTE stacksize=[0]
INT FUNC Sin(INT a)
WHILE a<0 DO a==+360 OD
WHILE a>360 DO a==-360 OD
IF a<=90 THEN
RETURN (SinTab(a))
ELSEIF a<=180 THEN
RETURN (SinTab(180-a))
ELSEIF a<=270 THEN
RETURN (-SinTab(a-180))
ELSE
RETURN (-SinTab(360-a))
FI
RETURN (0)
INT FUNC Cos(INT a)
RETURN (Sin(a-90))
BYTE FUNC IsEmpty()
IF stacksize=0 THEN
RETURN (1)
FI
RETURN (0)
BYTE FUNC IsFull()
IF stacksize=MAXSIZE THEN
RETURN (1)
FI
RETURN (0)
PROC Push(INT x,y,angle BYTE len,dir)
IF IsFull() THEN Break() FI
xStack(stacksize)=x yStack(stacksize)=y
angleStack(stacksize)=angle lenStack(stacksize)=len
dirStack(stacksize)=dir
stacksize==+1
RETURN
PROC Pop(INT POINTER x,y,angle BYTE POINTER len,dir)
IF IsEmpty() THEN Break() FI
stacksize==-1
x^=xStack(stacksize) y^=yStack(stacksize)
angle^=angleStack(stacksize) len^=lenStack(stacksize)
dir^=dirStack(stacksize)
RETURN
PROC DrawTree(INT x,y,len,angle,leftAngle,rightAngle)
BYTE depth,dir
Plot(x,y)
x==+Cos(angle)*len/256
y==-Sin(angle)*len/256
DrawTo(x,y)
Push(x,y,angle,len,0)
WHILE IsEmpty()=0
DO
Pop(@x,@y,@angle,@len,@dir)
IF dir<2 THEN
Push(x,y,angle,len,dir+1)
IF dir=0 THEN
angle==-leftAngle
ELSE
angle==+rightAngle
FI
len=13*len/16
Plot(x,y)
x==+Cos(angle)*len/256
y==-Sin(angle)*len/256
DrawTo(x,y)
IF IsFull()=0 THEN
Push(x,y,angle,len,0)
FI
FI
OD
RETURN
PROC Main()
BYTE CH=$02FC,COLOR1=$02C5,COLOR2=$02C6
Graphics(8+16)
Color=1
COLOR1=$BA
COLOR2=$B2
DrawTree(140,191,40,110,35,15)
DO UNTIL CH#$FF OD
CH=$FF
RETURN</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
[https://gitlab.com/amarok8bit/action-rosetta-code/-/raw/master/images/Fractal_tree.png Screenshot from Atari 8-bit computer]
=={{header|Ada}}==
{{libheader|SDLAda}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="ada">with Ada.Numerics.Elementary_Functions;
with SDL.Video.Windows.Makers;
with SDL.Video.Renderers.Makers;
with SDL.Video.Rectangles;
with SDL.Events.Events;
procedure Fractal_Tree is
Width : constant := 600;
Height : constant := 600;
Level : constant := 13;
Length : constant := 130.0;
X_Start : constant := 475.0;
Y_Start : constant := 580.0;
A_Start : constant := -1.54;
Angle_1 : constant := 0.10;
Angle_2 : constant := 0.35;
C_1 : constant := 0.71;
C_2 : constant := 0.87;
Window : SDL.Video.Windows.Window;
Renderer : SDL.Video.Renderers.Renderer;
Event : SDL.Events.Events.Events;
procedure Draw_Tree (Level : in Natural;
Length : in Float;
Angle : in Float;
X, Y : in Float)
is
use SDL;
use Ada.Numerics.Elementary_Functions;
Pi : constant := Ada.Numerics.Pi;
X_2 : constant Float := X + Length * Cos (Angle, 2.0 * Pi);
Y_2 : constant Float := Y + Length * Sin (Angle, 2.0 * Pi);
Line : constant SDL.Video.Rectangles.Line_Segment
:= ((C.int (X), C.int (Y)), (C.int (X_2), C.int (Y_2)));
begin
if Level > 0 then
Renderer.Set_Draw_Colour (Colour => (0, 220, 0, 255));
Renderer.Draw (Line => Line);
Draw_Tree (Level - 1, C_1 * Length, Angle + Angle_1, X_2, Y_2);
Draw_Tree (Level - 1, C_2 * Length, Angle - Angle_2, X_2, Y_2);
end if;
end Draw_Tree;
procedure Wait is
use type SDL.Events.Event_Types;
begin
loop
while SDL.Events.Events.Poll (Event) loop
if Event.Common.Event_Type = SDL.Events.Quit then
return;
end if;
end loop;
delay 0.100;
end loop;
end Wait;
begin
if not SDL.Initialise (Flags => SDL.Enable_Screen) then
return;
end if;
SDL.Video.Windows.Makers.Create (Win => Window,
Title => "Fractal tree",
Position => SDL.Natural_Coordinates'(X => 10, Y => 10),
Size => SDL.Positive_Sizes'(Width, Height),
Flags => 0);
SDL.Video.Renderers.Makers.Create (Renderer, Window.Get_Surface);
Renderer.Set_Draw_Colour ((0, 0, 0, 255));
Renderer.Fill (Rectangle => (0, 0, Width, Height));
Draw_Tree (Level, Length, A_Start, X_Start, Y_Start);
Window.Update_Surface;
Wait;
Window.Finalize;
SDL.Finalise;
end Fractal_Tree;</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Amazing Hopper}}==
{{Trans|BBCBasic}}
"Una suma que no quería salir, pero ya salió" :D
[[File:Captura de pantalla de 2022-10-11 14-24-23.png|200px|thumb|rigth|Caption]]
<syntaxhighlight lang="txt">
/*
Execute with:
$ hopper jm/tree.jambo -x -o bin/tree
$ rxvt -g 280x250 -fn "xft:FantasqueSansMono-Regular:pixelsize=1" -e ./bin/tree
*/
#include <jambo.h>
Main
Set '25, 0.76, 160, 100, 10' Init 'Spread, Scale, SizeX, SizeY, Depth'
Color back '22', Cls
Color back '15'
Set '{SizeX} Mul by (2), -30, Div(SizeY,2), 90, Depth' Gosub 'Branch'
Pause
End
Subrutines
Define 'Branch, x1, y1, size, angle, depth'
x2=0, y2=0
Let ( x2 := #(x1 + size * cos(d2r(angle))) )
Let ( y2 := #(y1 + size * sin(d2r(angle))) )
Draw a line ( #(180-y1), #(180-x1), #(180-y2), #(180-x2))
If ( #( depth > 0) )
Set (x2, y2, {size} Mul by 'Scale', {angle} Minus 'Spread',\
Minus one(depth)) Gosub 'Branch'
Set (x2, y2, {size} Mul by 'Scale', {angle} Plus 'Spread',\
Minus one(depth)) Gosub 'Branch'
End If
Return
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Arturo}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="rebol">width: 1000
height: 1000
trunkLength: 400
scaleFactor: 0.6
startingAngle: 1.5 * pi
deltaAngle: 0.2 * pi
drawTree: function [out x y len theta][
if len < 1 -> return null
x2: x + len * cos theta
y2: y + len * sin theta
'out ++ ~"<line x1='|x|' y1='|y|' x2='|x2|' y2='|y2|' style='stroke: white; stroke-width:1'/>\n"
drawTree out x2 y2 len*scaleFactor theta+deltaAngle
drawTree out x2 y2 len*scaleFactor theta-deltaAngle
]
svg: {
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8' standalone='no'?>
<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC '-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN'
'http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd'>
<svg width='100%%' height='100%%' version='1.1'
xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'>
<rect width="100%" height="100%" fill="black"/>
}
drawTree svg 0.5*width height trunkLength startingAngle
'svg ++ "</svg>"
write "fractal.svg" svg</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
[https://i.ibb.co/XLf31G1/fractal.png Fractal Tree output in Arturo]
=={{header|AutoHotkey}}==
[http://i.imgur.com/H7iJOde.png Image] - Link, since uploads seem to be disabled currently.
{{libheader|GDIP}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="autohotkey">#SingleInstance, Force
#NoEnv
SetBatchLines, -1
; Uncomment if Gdip.ahk is not in your standard library
; #Include, Gdip.ahk
FileOut := A_Desktop "\MyNewFile.png"
TreeColor := 0xff0066ff ; ARGB
TrunkWidth := 10 ; Pixels
TrunkLength := 80 ; Pixels
Angle := 60 ; Degrees
ImageWidth := 670 ; Pixels
ImageHeight := 450 ; Pixels
Branches := 13
Decrease := 0.81
Angle := (Angle * 0.01745329252) / 2
, Points := {}
, Points[1, "Angle"] := 0
, Points[1, "X"] := ImageWidth // 2
, Points[1, "Y"] := ImageHeight - TrunkLength
if (!pToken := Gdip_Startup()) {
MsgBox, 48, Gdiplus error!, Gdiplus failed to start. Please ensure you have Gdiplus on your system.
ExitApp
}
OnExit, Exit
pBitmap := Gdip_CreateBitmap(ImageWidth, ImageHeight)
, G := Gdip_GraphicsFromImage(pBitmap)
, Gdip_SetSmoothingMode(G, 4)
, pBrush := Gdip_BrushCreateSolid(0xff000000)
, Gdip_FillRectangle(G, pBrush, -5, -5, ImageWidth + 10, ImageHeight + 10)
, Gdip_DeleteBrush(pBrush)
, pPen := Gdip_CreatePen(TreeColor, TrunkWidth/Decrease)
, Gdip_DrawLine(G, pPen, Points.1.X, Points.1.Y, Points.1.X, ImageHeight)
, Gdip_DeletePen(pPen)
Loop, % Branches {
NewPoints := {}
pPen := Gdip_CreatePen(TreeColor, TrunkWidth)
for Each, Point in Points {
N1 := A_Index * 2
, N2 := (A_Index * 2) + 1
, NewPoints[N1, "X"] := Point.X + (TrunkLength * Sin(NewPoints[N1, "Angle"] := Point.Angle - Angle))
, NewPoints[N1, "Y"] := Point.Y - (TrunkLength * Cos(NewPoints[N1].Angle))
, NewPoints[N2, "X"] := Point.X + (TrunkLength * Sin(NewPoints[N2, "Angle"] := Point.Angle + Angle))
, NewPoints[N2, "Y"] := Point.Y - (TrunkLength * Cos(NewPoints[N2].Angle))
, Gdip_DrawLine(G, pPen, Point.X, Point.Y, NewPoints[N1].X, NewPoints[N1].Y)
, Gdip_DrawLine(G, pPen, Point.X, Point.Y, NewPoints[N2].X, NewPoints[N2].Y)
}
TrunkWidth *= Decrease
, TrunkLength *= Decrease
, Points := NewPoints
, Gdip_DeletePen(pPen)
}
Gdip_SaveBitmapToFile(pBitmap, FileOut)
, Gdip_DisposeImage(pBitmap)
, Gdip_DeleteGraphics(G)
Run, % FileOut
Exit:
Gdip_Shutdown(pToken)
ExitApp</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|BASIC}}==
==={{header|BASIC256}}===
[[File:Fractal tree BASIC-256.png|thumb|right|Asymmetric fractal tree image created by the BASIC-256 script]]
<
level = 12 : len =63 # initial values
Line 53 ⟶ 432:
line x,y,xn,yn
x = xn : y = yn
return</
==={{header|Run BASIC}}===
<syntaxhighlight lang="run basic"> 'Fractal Tree - for Run Basic - 29 Apr 2018
'from BASIC256 - http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Fractal_tree#BASIC256
'copy this text and go to http://www.runbasic.com
WindowWidth = 500 'Run Basic max size 800 x 600
WindowHeight = 350
c = 255 '255 for white '0 for black
graphic #w, WindowWidth, WindowHeight
#w cls("black") 'black background color
#w color(c,c,c) 'changes color to white
level = 10 ' initial values
leng = 50
x = 230: y = 325 ' initial values x = 230: y = 285
pi = 3.1415
rotation = 3.1415/2
'A1 = pi/27 : A2 = pi/8 ' constants which determine shape
'C1 = 0.7 : C2 = 0.85 ' tree is drifted left
A1 = pi/9 : A2 = pi/9 ' constants which determine shape
C1 = 0.85 : C2 = 0.85 ' Symmetrical Tree
dim xs(level+1) : dim ys(level+1) ' stacks
print : print "Welcome to the Run BASIC Fractal Tree Program"
#w color("green") 'color green
gosub [tree]
render #w
' imgsave "Fractal_tree_BASIC-256.png", "PNG"
Print "Thank you and goodbye"
end
[tree]
xs(level) = x : ys(level) = y
gosub [putline]
if level>0 then
level = level - 1
leng = leng*C1
rotation = rotation - A1
gosub [tree]
leng = leng/C1*C2
rotation = rotation + A1 + A2
gosub [tree]
rotation = rotation - A2
leng = leng/C2
level = level + 1
end if
x = xs(level) : y = ys(level)
return
[putline]
yn = -1*sin(rotation)*leng + y
xn = cos(rotation)*leng + x
#w line(x,y,xn,yn)
x = xn : y = yn
return
'end of code
End</syntaxhighlight>
==={{header|BBC BASIC}}===
{{Out}}[[Image:fractal_tree_bbc.gif|right]]
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
{{works with|BBC BASIC for Windows}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="bbcbasic">
Scale = 0.76
SizeX% = 400
SizeY% = 300
Depth% = 10
</syntaxhighlight><syntaxhighlight lang="bbcbasic">
VDU 23,22,SizeX%;SizeY%;8,16,16,128
PROCbranch(SizeX%, 0, SizeY%/2, 90, Depth%)
END
DEF PROCbranch(x1, y1, size, angle, depth%)
LOCAL x2, y2
Line 79 ⟶ 529:
PROCbranch(x2, y2, size * Scale, angle + Spread, depth% - 1)
ENDIF
ENDPROC</
==={{header|IS-BASIC}}===
<syntaxhighlight lang="is-basic">100 PROGRAM "Tree.bas"
110 OPTION ANGLE DEGREES
120 GRAPHICS HIRES 2
130 SET PALETTE 0,170
140 PLOT 640,10;ANGLE 90;
150 CALL TREE(200)
160 DEF TREE(N)
170 IF N<24 THEN EXIT DEF
180 PLOT FORWARD N;RIGHT 25;
190 CALL TREE(N*.75)
200 PLOT LEFT 50;
210 CALL TREE(N*.75)
220 PLOT RIGHT 25,BACK N,
230 END DEF</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|C}}==
Line 85 ⟶ 551:
{{libheader|SGE}} or {{libheader|cairo}}
<
#ifdef WITH_CAIRO
#include <cairo.h>
Line 96 ⟶ 562:
#include <math.h>
#ifndef M_PI
#define
#endif
#define SIZE 800 // determines size of window
#define SCALE 5 // determines how quickly branches shrink (higher value means faster shrinking)
Line 161 ⟶ 627:
0.0, -1.0,
INITIAL_LENGTH,
BRANCHES);
SDL_UpdateRect(surface, 0, 0, 0, 0);
Line 185 ⟶ 651:
SDL_Quit();
return 0;
}</
=={{header|C++}}==
[[File:fracTree_cpp.png|320px]]
<
#include <windows.h>
#include <string>
Line 199 ⟶ 664:
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#ifndef M_PI
#define M_PI 3.14159265358979323846
#endif
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Line 269 ⟶ 736:
infoheader.bmiHeader.biSizeImage = bitmap.bmWidth * bitmap.bmHeight * sizeof( DWORD );
fileheader.bfType
fileheader.bfOffBits
fileheader.bfSize
GetDIBits( hdc, bmp, 0, height, ( LPVOID )dwpBits, &infoheader, DIB_RGB_COLORS );
Line 321 ⟶ 788:
public:
fractalTree() { _ang = DegToRadian( 24.0f ); }
float DegToRadian( float degree ) { return degree * (
void create( myBitmap* bmp )
Line 341 ⟶ 808:
{
line_len *= .75f;
if( line_len < 2.0f ) return;
MoveToEx( _bmp->getDC(), sp->x, sp->y, NULL );
Line 382 ⟶ 849:
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Ceylon}}==
{{trans|Java}}
{{libheader|Swing}} {{libheader|AWT}}
Be sure to import java.desktop and ceylon.numeric in your module.ceylon file.
<syntaxhighlight lang="ceylon">import javax.swing {
JFrame { exitOnClose }
}
import java.awt {
Color { white, black },
Graphics
}
import ceylon.numeric.float {
cos,
toRadians,
sin
}
shared void run() {
value fractalTree = object extends JFrame("fractal tree") {
background = black;
setBounds(100, 100, 800, 600);
resizable = false;
defaultCloseOperation = exitOnClose;
shared actual void paint(Graphics g) {
void drawTree(Integer x1, Integer y1, Float angle, Integer depth) {
if (depth <= 0) {
return;
}
value x2 = x1 + (cos(toRadians(angle)) * depth * 10.0).integer;
value y2 = y1 + (sin(toRadians(angle)) * depth * 10.0).integer;
g.drawLine(x1, y1, x2, y2);
drawTree(x2, y2, angle - 20, depth - 1);
drawTree(x2, y2, angle + 20, depth - 1);
}
g.color = white;
drawTree(400, 500, -90.0, 9);
}
};
fractalTree.visible = true;
}</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Clojure}}==
{{trans|Java}}
{{libheader|Swing}} {{libheader|AWT}}
<
'javax.swing.JFrame)
Line 412 ⟶ 929:
(.show)))
(fractal-tree 9)</
=={{header|Common Lisp}}==
{{libheader|lispbuilder-sdl}}
{{trans|Clojure}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="lisp">;; (require :lispbuilder-sdl)
(defun deg-to-radian (deg)
"converts degrees to radians"
(* deg pi 1/180))
(defun cos-deg (angle)
"returns cosin of the angle expressed in degress"
(cos (deg-to-radian angle)))
(defun sin-deg (angle)
"returns sin of the angle expressed in degress"
(sin (deg-to-radian angle)))
(defun draw-tree (surface x y angle depth)
"draws a branch of the tree on the sdl-surface"
(when (plusp depth)
(let ((x2 (+ x (round (* depth 10 (cos-deg angle)))))
(y2 (+ y (round (* depth 10 (sin-deg angle))))))
(sdl:draw-line-* x y x2 y2 :surface surface :color sdl:*green*)
(draw-tree surface x2 y2 (- angle 20) (1- depth))
(draw-tree surface x2 y2 (+ angle 20) (1- depth)))))
(defun fractal-tree (depth)
"shows a window with a fractal tree"
(sdl:with-init ()
(sdl:window 800 600 :title-caption "fractal-tree")
(sdl:clear-display sdl:*black*)
(draw-tree sdl:*default-surface* 400 500 -90 depth)
(sdl:update-display)
(sdl:with-events ()
(:video-expose-event ()
(sdl:update-display))
(:quit-event ()
t))))
(fractal-tree 9)
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|D}}==
===SVG Version===
{{trans|Raku}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="d">import std.stdio, std.math;
enum width = 1000, height = 1000; // Image dimension.
enum length = 400; // Trunk size.
enum scale = 6.0 / 10; // Branch scale relative to trunk.
void tree(in double x, in double y, in double length, in double angle) {
if (length < 1)
return;
immutable x2 = x + length * angle.cos;
immutable y2 = y + length * angle.sin;
writefln("<line x1='%f' y1='%f' x2='%f' y2='%f' " ~
"style='stroke:black;stroke-width:1'/>", x, y, x2, y2);
tree(x2, y2, length * scale, angle + PI / 5);
tree(x2, y2, length * scale, angle - PI / 5);
}
void main() {
"<svg width='100%' height='100%' version='1.1'
xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'>".writeln;
tree(width / 2.0, height, length, 3 * PI / 2);
"</svg>".writeln;
}</syntaxhighlight>
===Turtle Version===
This uses the turtle module from the Dragon Curve task, and the module from the Grayscale Image task.
{{trans|Logo}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="d">import grayscale_image, turtle;
void tree(Color)(Image!Color img, ref Turtle t, in uint depth,
in real step, in real scale, in real angle) {
if (depth == 0) return;
t.forward(img, step);
t.right(angle);
img.tree(t, depth - 1, step * scale, scale, angle);
t.left(2 * angle);
img.tree(t, depth - 1, step * scale, scale, angle);
t.right(angle);
t.forward(img, -step);
}
void main() {
auto img = new Image!Gray(330, 300);
auto t = Turtle(165, 270, -90);
img.tree(t, 10, 80, 0.7, 30);
img.savePGM("fractal_tree.pgm");
}</syntaxhighlight>
===Alternative version===
{{trans|Java}}
Using DFL.
<syntaxhighlight lang="d">import dfl.all;
import std.math;
class FractalTree: Form {
private
this() {
Line 453 ⟶ 1,064:
try {
Application.run(new FractalTree);
} catch(
msgBox(
result = 1;
}
return result;
}</
=={{header|EasyLang}}==
[https://easylang.dev/show/#cod=jY/BDsIgEETvfMUkXrRNCa1y8KBH/4NQqiQUDCXa/r2w6cEmHuSwGWbnLcsOt6h0Ug4pGsN2YDq4ECGlZM8YNNmYsaA3d3hwcAbADllfIYrOx1lv3rZPj+xWEPy0+mN4EbxeZ9QX6DDRrIqyLT/muo/K92EcUGdYHtb4UuKT9X/GyxJfj20Wb9CJPKBB+6tbb7qccZbsaGL+XvAgWXztjCJBrBRoBc6lkkdAl9EP Run it]
<syntaxhighlight lang="text">
# Fractal tree
#
color 555
proc tree x y deg n . .
if n > 0
linewidth n * 0.4
move x y
x += cos deg * n * 1.3 * (randomf + 0.5)
y += sin deg * n * 1.3 * (randomf + 0.5)
line x y
tree x y deg - 20 n - 1
tree x y deg + 20 n - 1
.
.
timer 0
on timer
clear
tree 50 10 90 10
timer 2
.
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Evaldraw}}==
Evaldraw version creates a 3D tree with a camera rotating around the tree.
[[File:Evaldraw recursive canopy3d.gif|thumb|alt=Fractal Tree in 3D|4 branches for each recursive step. A forward Z vector is rotated in x or y axis.]]
<syntaxhighlight lang="c">
static ratio = .75;
static branchlength = 60;
static max_branches = 4;
struct vec3{x,y,z;};
()
{
t=klock();
srand(t * 1);
zero1 = .5+.5*cos(t);
maxbranches = int( 1+1 + zero1*5);
cls(0); clz(1e32);
distcam = -70;
camrot = .5 * t;
ca=distcam * cos(camrot);
sa=distcam * sin(camrot);
setcam(sa,-50,ca,camrot,0);
angle = 2*pi / 8;
branchlen = 10+50 * zero1;
tree(maxbranches, 0, branchlen, 0,0,0, pi / 2, 0, angle);
moveto(0,0);
printf("N=%g, frame=%5.0f, cam:%3.0f", maxbranches, numframes, camrot / pi * 180);
printf("\n%gx%g",xres,yres);
sleep(16);
}
tree(mb, n, blen, x,y,z, ang_yx, ang_yz, angle) {
n++; if( n> mb ) return;
len = blen / n * ratio;
c = 64 + 128 * n/7; setcol(100,c,38);
dx=0; dy=0; dz=0;
double mat[9];
vec3 axis = {0,0,1};
ang2mat(ang_yz, ang_yx, mat);
transformPoint(axis,mat);
dx=axis.x;
dy=-axis.y;
dz=axis.z;
ox = x; oy = y; oz = z;
x += len * dx;
y += -len * dy;
z += len * dz;
rd = 8 / n;
rd2 = 7 / (n+1);
drawcone(ox,oy,oz,rd,x,y,z,rd2,DRAWCONE_FLAT + DRAWCONE_NOPHONG);
nextangle = /*(-.5+1*rnd*pi) * */angle;
tree(mb, n, blen, x, y, z, ang_yx - angle, ang_yz, nextangle);
tree(mb, n, blen, x, y, z, ang_yx + angle, ang_yz, nextangle);
tree(mb, n, blen, x, y, z, ang_yx, ang_yz - angle, nextangle);
tree(mb, n, blen, x, y, z, ang_yx, ang_yz + angle, nextangle);
}
ang2mat(hang,vang,mat[9]) {
mat[6] = cos(vang)*sin(hang); mat[0] = cos(hang);
mat[7] = sin(vang); mat[1] = 0;
mat[8] = cos(vang)*cos(hang); mat[2] =-sin(hang);
mat[3] = mat[7]*mat[2] - mat[8]*mat[1];
mat[4] = mat[8]*mat[0] - mat[6]*mat[2];
mat[5] = mat[6]*mat[1] - mat[7]*mat[0];
}
transformPoint(vec3 v, thisRot[9]) {
NewX = v.x * thisRot[0] + v.y * thisRot[1] + v.z * thisRot[2];
NewY = v.x * thisRot[3] + v.y * thisRot[4] + v.z * thisRot[5];
NewZ = v.x * thisRot[6] + v.y * thisRot[7] + v.z * thisRot[8];
v.x=newx; v.y=newy; v.z=newz;
}
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Delphi}}==
{{works with|Delphi|6.0}}
{{libheader|SysUtils,StdCtrls}}
[[File:DelphiFractalTree.png|frame|none]]
<syntaxhighlight lang="Delphi">
procedure DrawTree(Image: TImage; X1, Y1: integer; Angle: double; Depth: integer);
var X2,Y2: integer;
begin
if Depth = 0 then exit;
X2:=trunc(X1 + cos(DegToRad(Angle)) * Depth * 5);
Y2:=trunc(Y1 + sin(DegToRad(Angle)) * Depth * 5);
Image.Canvas.Pen.Color:=ColorMap47[MulDiv(High(ColorMap47),Depth,11)];
Image.Canvas.Pen.Width:=MulDiv(Depth,5,10);
Image.Canvas.MoveTo(X1,Y1);
Image.Canvas.LineTo(X2,Y2);
DrawTree(Image, X2, Y2, Angle - 10, Depth - 1);
DrawTree(Image, X2, Y2, Angle + 35, Depth - 1);
end;
procedure ShowFactalTree(Image: TImage);
begin
ClearImage(Image,clBlack);
DrawTree(Image, 250, 350, -90, 11);
Image.Invalidate;
end;
</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>
Elapsed Time: 31.913 ms.
</pre>
=={{header|F_Sharp|F#}}==
{{trans|Raku}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="fsharp">let (cos, sin, pi) = System.Math.Cos, System.Math.Sin, System.Math.PI
let (width, height) = 1000., 1000. // image dimension
let scale = 6./10. // branch scale relative to trunk
let length = 400. // trunk size
let rec tree x y length angle =
if length >= 1. then
let (x2, y2) = x + length * (cos angle), y + length * (sin angle)
printfn "<line x1='%f' y1='%f' x2='%f' y2='%f' style='stroke:rgb(0,0,0);stroke-width:1'/>"
x y x2 y2
tree x2 y2 (length*scale) (angle + pi/5.)
tree x2 y2 (length*scale) (angle - pi/5.)
printfn "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8' standalone='no'?>
<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC '-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN'
'http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd'>
<svg width='100%%' height='100%%' version='1.1'
xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'>"
tree (width/2.) height length (3.*pi/2.)
printfn "</svg>"</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Fantom}}==
<
using fwt
using gfx
Line 497 ⟶ 1,281:
}
}
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|FreeBASIC}}==
{{trans|BBC BASIC}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="freebasic">' version 17-03-2017
' compile with: fbc -s gui
Const As Double deg2rad = Atn(1) / 45
Dim Shared As Double scale = 0.76
Dim Shared As Double spread = 25 * deg2rad ' convert degree's to rad's
Sub branch(x1 As ULong, y1 As ULong, size As ULong, angle As Double, depth As ULong)
Dim As ULong x2, y2
x2 = x1 + size * Cos(angle)
y2 = y1 + size * Sin(angle)
Line (x1,y1) - (x2,y2), 2 ' palette color green
If depth > 0 Then
branch(x2, y2, size * scale, angle - spread, depth -1)
branch(x2, y2, size * scale, angle + spread, depth -1)
End If
End Sub
' ------=< MAIN >=-----
Dim As Double angle = -90 * deg2rad ' make sure that the tree grows up
Dim As ULong SizeX = 800
Dim As ULong SizeY = SizeX * 3 \ 4
Dim As Double size = SizeY \ 4
Dim As ULong depth = 11
ScreenRes SizeX, SizeY, 8
WindowTitle ("Fractal Tree")
branch(SizeX\2, SizeY, size, angle, depth)
' empty keyboard buffer
While InKey <> "" : Wend
windowtitle ("Fractal Tree, hit any key to end program")
Sleep
End</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Frege}}==
{{Works with|Frege|3.23.888-g4e22ab6}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="frege">module FractalTree where
import Java.IO
import Prelude.Math
data AffineTransform = native java.awt.geom.AffineTransform where
native new :: () -> STMutable s AffineTransform
native clone :: Mutable s AffineTransform -> STMutable s AffineTransform
native rotate :: Mutable s AffineTransform -> Double -> ST s ()
native scale :: Mutable s AffineTransform -> Double -> Double -> ST s ()
native translate :: Mutable s AffineTransform -> Double -> Double -> ST s ()
data BufferedImage = native java.awt.image.BufferedImage where
pure native type_3byte_bgr "java.awt.image.BufferedImage.TYPE_3BYTE_BGR" :: Int
native new :: Int -> Int -> Int -> STMutable s BufferedImage
native createGraphics :: Mutable s BufferedImage -> STMutable s Graphics2D
data Color = pure native java.awt.Color where
pure native black "java.awt.Color.black" :: Color
pure native green "java.awt.Color.green" :: Color
pure native white "java.awt.Color.white" :: Color
pure native new :: Int -> Color
data BasicStroke = pure native java.awt.BasicStroke where
pure native new :: Float -> BasicStroke
data RenderingHints = native java.awt.RenderingHints where
pure native key_antialiasing "java.awt.RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING" :: RenderingHints_Key
pure native value_antialias_on "java.awt.RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON" :: Object
data RenderingHints_Key = pure native java.awt.RenderingHints.Key
data Graphics2D = native java.awt.Graphics2D where
native drawLine :: Mutable s Graphics2D -> Int -> Int -> Int -> Int -> ST s ()
native drawOval :: Mutable s Graphics2D -> Int -> Int -> Int -> Int -> ST s ()
native fillRect :: Mutable s Graphics2D -> Int -> Int -> Int -> Int -> ST s ()
native setColor :: Mutable s Graphics2D -> Color -> ST s ()
native setRenderingHint :: Mutable s Graphics2D -> RenderingHints_Key -> Object -> ST s ()
native setStroke :: Mutable s Graphics2D -> BasicStroke -> ST s ()
native setTransform :: Mutable s Graphics2D -> Mutable s AffineTransform -> ST s ()
data ImageIO = mutable native javax.imageio.ImageIO where
native write "javax.imageio.ImageIO.write" :: MutableIO BufferedImage -> String -> MutableIO File -> IO Bool throws IOException
drawTree :: Mutable s Graphics2D -> Mutable s AffineTransform -> Int -> ST s ()
drawTree g t i = do
let len = 10 -- ratio of length to thickness
shrink = 0.75
angle = 0.3 -- radians
i' = i - 1
g.setTransform t
g.drawLine 0 0 0 len
when (i' > 0) $ do
t.translate 0 (fromIntegral len)
t.scale shrink shrink
rt <- t.clone
t.rotate angle
rt.rotate (-angle)
drawTree g t i'
drawTree g rt i'
main = do
let width = 900
height = 800
initScale = 20
halfWidth = fromIntegral width / 2
buffy <- BufferedImage.new width height BufferedImage.type_3byte_bgr
g <- buffy.createGraphics
g.setRenderingHint RenderingHints.key_antialiasing RenderingHints.value_antialias_on
g.setColor Color.black
g.fillRect 0 0 width height
g.setColor Color.green
t <- AffineTransform.new ()
t.translate halfWidth (fromIntegral height)
t.scale initScale initScale
t.rotate pi
drawTree g t 16
f <- File.new "FractalTreeFrege.png"
void $ ImageIO.write buffy "png" f</syntaxhighlight>
Output is [http://funwithsoftware.org/images/2016-FractalTreeFrege.png here] due to [[User talk:Short Circuit#Is file uploading blocked forever?|Is file uploading blocked forever?]]
=={{header|Frink}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="frink">
// Draw Fractal Tree in Frink
// Define the tree function
FractalTree[x1, y1, angleval, lengthval, graphicsobject] :=
{
if lengthval > 1
{
// Define current line end points (x2 and y2)
x2 = x1 + ((cos[angleval degrees]) * lengthval)
y2 = y1 + ((sin[angleval degrees]) * lengthval)
// Draw line - notice that graphicsobject is the graphics object passed into the function.
graphicsobject.line[x1,y1,x2,y2]
// Calculate branches. You can change the lengthval multiplier factor and angleval summand to create different trees
FractalTree[x2, y2, angleval - 20, lengthval * 0.7, graphicsobject]
FractalTree[x2, y2, angleval + 20, lengthval * 0.7, graphicsobject]
}
}
// Create graphics object
g = new graphics
// Start the recursive function. In Frink, a -90° angle moves from the bottom of the screen to the top.
FractalTree[0, 0, -90, 30, g]
// Show the final tree
g.show[]
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|FutureBasic}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="futurebasic">
_window = 1
_wndWidth = 680
void local fn BuildWindow
window _window, @"Fractal Tree", ( 0, 0, _wndWidth, 600 )
WindowSetBackgroundColor( _window, fn ColorBlack )
WindowSubclassContentView( _window )
end fn
local fn PlotFractalTree( x1 as double, y1 as double, size as long, angle as double, spread as long, depth as long, scale as double )
double x2, y2
pen 1.0, fn ColorGreen, NSLineCapStyleSquare
// Convert angle to radians
x2 = x1 + size * cos(angle * pi / 180)
y2 = y1 + size * sin(angle * pi / 180)
line x1, y1, x2, y2
if ( depth > 0 )
fn PlotFractalTree( x2, y2, size * scale, angle - spread, spread, depth - 1, scale )
fn PlotFractalTree( x2, y2, size * scale, angle + spread, spread, depth - 1, scale )
end if
end fn
void local fn DoDialog( ev as long, tag as long )
select ( tag )
case _windowContentViewTag
double spread = ( 80.0 / (_wndWidth / 2 ) ) * 90
fn PlotFractalTree( _wndWidth / 2, 550, 140, -90, spread, 10, 0.75 )
end select
select ( ev )
case _windowWillClose : end
end select
end fn
on dialog fn DoDialog
fn BuildWindow
HandleEvents
</syntaxhighlight>
[[file:Fractal_tree_FutureBasic.png]]
=={{header|Go}}==
[[file:GoFtree.png|right|thumb|png converted from output ppm]]
<
// Files required to build supporting package raster are found in:
Line 536 ⟶ 1,529:
ftree(g, x2, y2, distance*frac, direction+angle, depth-1)
}
}</
=={{header|Haskell}}==
An elegant yet universal monoidal solution.
{{libheader|Gloss}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="haskell">import Graphics.Gloss
type Model = [Picture -> Picture]
fractal :: Int -> Model -> Picture -> Picture
fractal n model pict = pictures $ take n $ iterate (mconcat model) pict
tree1 _ = fractal 10 branches $ Line [(0,0),(0,100)]
where branches = [ Translate 0 100 . Scale 0.75 0.75 . Rotate 30
, Translate 0 100 . Scale 0.5 0.5 . Rotate (-30) ]
main = animate (InWindow "Tree" (800, 800) (0, 0)) white $ tree1 . (* 60)</syntaxhighlight>
The solution gives rise to a variety of fractal geometric structures. Each one can be used by substituting <code>tree1</code> in the <code>main</code> function by the desired one.
<syntaxhighlight lang="haskell">--animated tree
tree2 t = fractal 8 branches $ Line [(0,0),(0,100)]
where branches = [ Translate 0 100 . Scale 0.75 0.75 . Rotate t
, Translate 0 100 . Scale 0.6 0.6 . Rotate 0
, Translate 0 100 . Scale 0.5 0.5 . Rotate (-2*t) ]
--animated fractal clock
circles t = fractal 10 model $ Circle 100
where model = [ Translate 0 50 . Scale 0.5 0.5 . Rotate t
, Translate 0 (-50) . Scale 0.5 0.5 . Rotate (-2*t) ]
--Pythagoras tree
pithagor _ = fractal 10 model $ rectangleWire 100 100
where model = [ Translate 50 100 . Scale s s . Rotate 45
, Translate (-50) 100 . Scale s s . Rotate (-45)]
s = 1/sqrt 2
--Sierpinski pentagon
pentaflake _ = fractal 5 model $ pentagon
where model = map copy [0,72..288]
copy a = Scale s s . Rotate a . Translate 0 x
pentagon = Line [ (sin a, cos a) | a <- [0,2*pi/5..2*pi] ]
x = 2*cos(pi/5)
s = 1/(1+x)</syntaxhighlight>
'''Alternative solution'''
Using the method of the J contribution.
{{libheader|HGL}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="haskell">import Graphics.HGL.Window
import Graphics.HGL.Run
import Control.Arrow
Line 570 ⟶ 1,607:
fractalTree n =
runWindow "Fractal Tree" (500,600)
(\w -> setGraphic w (overGraphics ( map polyline $ pts (n-1))) >> getKey w)
=={{header|Icon}} and {{header|Unicon}}==
<
WOpen("size=800,600", "bg=black", "fg=white") | stop("*** cannot open window")
drawtree(400,500,-90,9)
Line 592 ⟶ 1,629:
}
return
end</
{{libheader|Icon Programming Library}}
Line 601 ⟶ 1,638:
=={{header|J}}==
<
coinsert'jgl2'
L0=: 50 NB. initial length
A0=: 1r8p1 NB. initial angle: pi divided by 8
Line 608 ⟶ 1,646:
dA=: 0.75 NB. shrink factor for angle
N=: 14 NB. number of branches
L=: L0*dL^1+i.N NB. lengths of line segments
NB. relative angles of successive line segments
A=: A0*(dA^i.N) +/\@:*("1) _1 ^ #:i.2 ^ N
NB. end points for each line segment
P=: 0 0+/\@,"2 +.*.inv (L0,0),"2 L,"0"1 A
wd {{)n
pc P closeok;
cc C
pshow;
}}
gllines <.(10 + ,/"2 P-"1<./,/P)</syntaxhighlight>
See the [[Talk:Fractal tree#J Explanation|talk page]] for some implementation notes.
Line 630 ⟶ 1,668:
=={{header|Java}}==
{{libheader|Swing}} {{libheader|AWT}}
<
import java.awt.Graphics;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
Line 661 ⟶ 1,699:
new FractalTree().setVisible(true);
}
}</
=={{header|JavaScript}}==
Implementation using HTML5 canvas element to draw tree structure.
<syntaxhighlight lang="javascript"><html>
<body>
<canvas id="canvas" width="600" height="500"></canvas>
<script type="text/javascript">
var elem = document.getElementById('canvas');
var context = elem.getContext('2d');
context.fillStyle
context.lineWidth
var deg_to_rad = Math.PI / 180.0;
Line 680 ⟶ 1,718:
function drawLine(x1, y1, x2, y2, brightness){
}
function drawTree(x1, y1, angle, depth){
}
context.beginPath();
drawTree(300, 500, -90, depth);
Line 697 ⟶ 1,737:
context.stroke();
</script>
</body>
</html></syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|jq}}==
The following generates SVG, which can be viewed by following the link below.
<syntaxhighlight lang="jq"># width and height define the outer dimensions;
# len defines the trunk size;
# scale defines the branch length relative to the trunk;
def main(width; height; len; scale):
def PI: (1|atan)*4;
def precision(n):
def pow(k): . as $in | reduce range(0;k) as $i (1; .*$in);
if . < 0 then - (-. | precision(n))
else
(10|pow(n)) as $power
| (. * 10 * $power) | floor as $x | ($x % 10) as $r
| ((if $r < 5 then $x else $x + 5 end) / 10 | floor) / $power
end;
def p2: precision(2);
def tree(x; y; len; angle):
if len < 1 then empty
else
(x + len * (angle|cos)) as $x2
| (y + len * (angle|sin)) as $y2
| (if len < 10 then 1 else 2 end) as $swidth
| (if len < 10 then "blue" else "black" end) as $stroke
| "<line x1='\(x|p2)' y1='\(y|p2)' x2='\($x2|p2)' y2='\($y2|p2)' style='stroke:\($stroke); stroke-width:\($swidth)'/>",
tree($x2; $y2; len * scale; angle + PI / 5),
tree($x2; $y2; len * scale; angle - PI / 5)
end
;
"<svg width='100%' height='100%' version='1.1'
xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'>",
tree(width / 2; height; len; 3 * PI / 2),
"</svg>"
;
main(1000; 1000; 400; 6/10)</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
$ jq -r -n -r -f Fractal_tree_svg.jq > Fractal_tree.svg
[https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BwMI1gZaY2-MWEI4d1kxNHZ4cGs/view?usp=sharing Fractal_tree.svg]
=={{header|Julia}}==
{{trans|F#}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="julia">
const width = height = 1000.0
const trunklength = 400.0
const scalefactor = 0.6
const startingangle = 1.5 * pi
const deltaangle = 0.2 * pi
function tree(fh, x, y, len, theta)
if len >= 1.0
x2 = x + len * cos(theta)
y2 = y + len * sin(theta)
write(fh, "<line x1='$x' y1='$y' x2='$x2' y2='$y2' style='stroke:rgb(0,0,0);stroke-width:1'/>\n")
tree(fh, x2, y2, len * scalefactor, theta + deltaangle)
tree(fh, x2, y2, len * scalefactor, theta - deltaangle)
end
end
outsvg = open("tree.svg", "w")
write(outsvg,
"""<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8' standalone='no'?>
<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC '-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN'
'http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd'>
<svg width='100%%' height='100%%' version='1.1'
xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'>\n""")
tree(outsvg, 0.5 * width, height, trunklength, startingangle)
write(outsvg, "</svg>\n") # view file tree.svg in browser
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Kotlin}}==
{{trans|Java}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="scala">// version 1.1.2
import java.awt.Color
import java.awt.Graphics
import javax.swing.JFrame
class FractalTree : JFrame("Fractal Tree") {
init {
background = Color.black
setBounds(100, 100, 800, 600)
isResizable = false
defaultCloseOperation = EXIT_ON_CLOSE
}
private fun drawTree(g: Graphics, x1: Int, y1: Int, angle: Double, depth: Int) {
if (depth == 0) return
val x2 = x1 + (Math.cos(Math.toRadians(angle)) * depth * 10.0).toInt()
val y2 = y1 + (Math.sin(Math.toRadians(angle)) * depth * 10.0).toInt()
g.drawLine(x1, y1, x2, y2)
drawTree(g, x2, y2, angle - 20, depth - 1)
drawTree(g, x2, y2, angle + 20, depth - 1)
}
override fun paint(g: Graphics) {
g.color = Color.white
drawTree(g, 400, 500, -90.0, 9)
}
}
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
FractalTree().isVisible = true
}</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Lambdatalk}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="lisp">
1) defining the function tree:
{def tree
{lambda {:e // last branch length
:s // trunks length
:k // ratio between two following branches
:a // rotate left
:b} // rotate right
{if {< :s :e}
then
else M:s T:a
{tree :e {* :k :s} :k :a :b}
T-{+ :a :b}
{tree :e {* :k :s} :k :a :b}
T:b M-:s }}}
2) Calling this function generates a sequence of commands mooving a pen:
• Tθ rotates the drawing direction "θ" degrees from the previous one
• and Md draws a segment "d" pixels in this direction.
{def T {tree 1 190 {/ 2 3} 15 45}}
and produces 40995 words beginning with:
M190 T15 M126.66666666666666 T15 M84.44444444444443 T15 M56.29629629629628 T15 M37.53086419753085 T15 M25.020576131687235 T15
M16.680384087791488 T15 M11.120256058527659 T15 M7.413504039018439 T15 M4.942336026012292 T15 M3.2948906840081946 ...
3) These words are sent to a the turtle lambdatalk primitive
which is a graphic device translating the sequence of Md and Tθ
into a sequence of SVG points x0 y0 x1 y1 ... xn yn
which will feed the points attribute of a polyline SVG element:
{svg {@ width="580px" height="580px" style="box-shadow:0 0 8px #000;"}
{polyline
{@ points="{turtle 230 570 180 {T}}"
fill="transparent" stroke="#fff" stroke-width="1"
}}}
This is an abstract of the output:
<svg width="580px" height="580px" style="box-shadow:0 0 8px #000;">
<polyline points="230 580 230 380 195 251 151 174 109 132 75 113 49 106 32 106 21 109 ...
... 413 286 324 286 230 380 230 580 "
fill="transparent" stroke="#888" stroke-width="1">
</polyline>
</svg>
The complete ouput can be seen displayed in http://lambdaway.free.fr/lambdawalks/?view=fractal_tree
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Liberty BASIC}}==
LB includes Logo-type turtle commands, so can be drawn that way as well as that shown here.
<syntaxhighlight lang="lb">
NoMainWin
sw = 640 : sh = 480
Line 740 ⟶ 1,944:
End If
End Sub
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Lingo}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="lingo">----------------------------------------
-- Creates an image of a fractal tree
-- @param {integer} width
-- @param {integer} height
-- @param {integer} fractalDepth
-- @param {integer|float} initSize
-- @param {float} spreadAngle
-- @param {float} [scaleFactor=1.0]
-- @return {image}
----------------------------------------
on fractalTree (width, height, fractalDepth, initSize, spreadAngle, scaleFactor)
if voidP(scaleFactor) then scaleFactor = 1.0
img = image(width, height, 24)
img.fill(img.rect, rgb(0,0,0))
_drawTree(img, width/2, height, -PI/2, fractalDepth, initSize, spreadAngle, scaleFactor)
return img
end
on _drawTree (img, x1, y1, angle, depth, size, spreadAngle, scaleFactor)
if (depth) then
x2 = x1 + cos(angle)*depth*size
y2 = y1 + sin(angle)*depth*size
img.draw(x1, y1, x2, y2, [#color:rgb(255,255,255)])
_drawTree(img, x2, y2, angle-spreadAngle, depth-1, size*ScaleFactor, spreadAngle, scaleFactor)
_drawTree(img, x2, y2, angle+spreadAngle, depth-1, size*ScaleFactor, spreadAngle, scaleFactor)
end if
end</syntaxhighlight>
Usage:
<syntaxhighlight lang="lingo">fractalDepth = 10
initSize = 7.0
spreadAngle = 35*PI/180
scaleFactor = 0.95
img = fractalTree(480, 380, fractalDepth, initSize, spreadAngle, scaleFactor)</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Logo}}==
<
if :depth=0 [stop]
setpensize round :depth/2
Line 756 ⟶ 1,995:
clearscreen
tree 10 80 0.7 30</
=={{header|
===Bitmap===
Needs LÖVE 2D Engine
<syntaxhighlight lang="lua">
g, angle = love.graphics, 26 * math.pi / 180
wid, hei = g.getWidth(), g.getHeight()
function rotate( x, y, a )
local s, c = math.sin( a ), math.cos( a )
local a, b = x * c - y * s, x * s + y * c
return a, b
end
function branches( a, b, len, ang, dir )
len = len * .76
if len < 5 then return end
g.setColor( len * 16, 255 - 2 * len , 0 )
if dir > 0 then ang = ang - angle
else ang = ang + angle
end
local vx, vy = rotate( 0, len, ang )
vx = a + vx; vy = b - vy
g.line( a, b, vx, vy )
branches( vx, vy, len, ang, 1 )
branches( vx, vy, len, ang, 0 )
end
function createTree()
local lineLen = 127
local a, b = wid / 2, hei - lineLen
g.setColor( 160, 40 , 0 )
g.line( wid / 2, hei, a, b )
branches( a, b, lineLen, 0, 1 )
branches( a, b, lineLen, 0, 0 )
end
function love.load()
canvas = g.newCanvas( wid, hei )
g.setCanvas( canvas )
createTree()
g.setCanvas()
end
function love.draw()
g.draw( canvas )
end
</syntaxhighlight>
===ASCII===
Using the Bitmap class and text renderer from [[Bitmap/Bresenham%27s_line_algorithm#Lua|here]], then extending...
<syntaxhighlight lang="lua">function Bitmap:tree(x, y, angle, depth, forkfn, lengfn)
if depth <= 0 then return end
local fork, leng = forkfn(), lengfn()
local x2 = x + depth * leng * math.cos(angle)
local y2 = y - depth * leng * math.sin(angle)
self:line(math.floor(x), math.floor(y), math.floor(x2), math.floor(y2))
self:tree(x2, y2, angle+fork, depth-1, forkfn, lengfn)
self:tree(x2, y2, angle-fork, depth-1, forkfn, lengfn)
end
bitmap = Bitmap(128*3,128)
bitmap:tree( 64, 120, math.pi/2, 8, function() return 0.3 end, function() return 3 end)
bitmap:tree(192, 120, math.pi/2, 8, function() return 0.6 end, function() return 2.5 end)
bitmap:tree(320, 120, math.pi/2, 8, function() return 0.2+math.random()*0.3 end, function() return 2.0+math.random()*2.0 end)
bitmap:render({[0x000000]='.', [0xFFFFFFFF]='█'})</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
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................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................</pre>
=={{header|Mathematica}} / {{header|Wolfram Language}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="mathematica">fractalTree[
pt : {_, _}, \[Theta]orient_: \[Pi]/2, \[Theta]sep_: \[Pi]/9,
depth_Integer: 9] := Module[{pt2},
Line 776 ⟶ 2,206:
]
Graphics[fractalTree[{0, 0}, \[Pi]/2, \[Pi]/9]]
</syntaxhighlight>
[[File:MathFractalTree.png]]
=={{header|MiniScript}}==
This GUI implementation is for use with [http://miniscript.org/MiniMicro Mini Micro].
<syntaxhighlight lang="miniscript">
drawTree = function(x1, y1, angle, depth)
fork_angle = 20
base_len = 9
if depth > 0 then
radians = angle * pi / 180
x2 = x1 + cos(radians) * depth * base_len
y2 = y1 + sin(radians) * depth * base_len
gfx.line x1, y1, x2, y2, "#008000"
drawTree x2, y2, angle - fork_angle, depth - 1
drawTree x2, y2, angle + fork_angle, depth - 1
end if
end function
clear
gfx.clear "#87CEEB"
drawTree 480, 10, 90, 11
img = gfx.getImage(0, 0, 960, 640)
file.saveImage "/usr/fractalTree.png", img
</syntaxhighlight>
[[File:FractalTree-ms.png]]
=={{header|NetRexx}}==
{{trans|Java}}
{{libheader|Swing}}
{{libheader|AWT}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="netrexx">/* NetRexx */
options replace format comments java crossref symbols binary
import java.awt.Color
import java.awt.Graphics
import javax.swing.JFrame
class RFractalTree public extends JFrame
properties constant
isTrue = (1 == 1)
isFalse = \isTrue
-- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
method RFractalTree() public
super('Fractal Tree')
setBounds(100, 100, 800, 600)
setResizable(isFalse)
setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE)
return
-- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
method drawTree(g = Graphics, x1 = int, y1 = int, angle = double, depth = int) private
if depth \= 0 then do
x2 = x1 + (int Math.cos(Math.toRadians(angle)) * depth * 10.0)
y2 = y1 + (int Math.sin(Math.toRadians(angle)) * depth * 10.0)
g.drawLine(x1, y1, x2, y2)
drawTree(g, x2, y2, angle - 20, depth - 1)
drawTree(g, x2, y2, angle + 20, depth - 1)
end
return
-- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
method paint(g = Graphics) public
g.setColor(Color.BLACK)
drawTree(g, 400, 500, -90, 9)
return
-- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
method main(args = String[])public static
RFractalTree().setVisible(isTrue)
return
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Nim}}==
{{trans|Julia}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="nim">
import math
import strformat
const
Width = 1000
Height = 1000
TrunkLength = 400
ScaleFactor = 0.6
StartingAngle = 1.5 * PI
DeltaAngle = 0.2 * PI
proc drawTree(outfile: File; x, y, len, theta: float) =
if len >= 1:
let x2 = x + len * cos(theta)
let y2 = y + len * sin(theta)
outfile.write(
fmt"<line x1='{x}' y1='{y}' x2='{x2}' y2='{y2}' style='stroke:white;stroke-width:1'/>\n")
outfile.drawTree(x2, y2, len * ScaleFactor, theta + DeltaAngle)
outFile.drawTree(x2, y2, len * ScaleFactor, theta - DeltaAngle)
let outsvg = open("tree.svg", fmWrite)
outsvg.write("""<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8' standalone='no'?>
<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC '-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN'
'http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd'>
<svg width='100%%' height='100%%' version='1.1'
xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'>\n
<rect width="100%" height="100%" fill="black"/>\n""")
outsvg.drawTree(0.5 * Width, Height, TrunkLength, StartingAngle)
outsvg.write("</svg>\n") # View file tree.svg in browser.
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|OCaml}}==
{{libheader|ocaml-cairo}}
<
#load "bigarray.cma"
#load "cairo.cma"
Line 859 ⟶ 2,389:
Cairo_png.surface_write_to_file surf img_name
(*Cairo_png.surface_write_to_channel surf stdout*)</
=={{header|PARI/GP}}==
[[File:FracTree1.png|right|thumb|Output FracTree1.png]]
[[File:FracTree2.png|right|thumb|Output FracTree2.png]]
[[File:FracTree3.png|right|thumb|Output FracTree3.png]]
This version with recursion, in general, is a translation of JavaScript version.
Some tweaks and options were added to make it reusable and outputting different size of a tree.
{{trans|JavaScript}}
{{Works with|PARI/GP|2.7.4 and above}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="parigp">
\\ Fractal tree (w/recursion)
\\ 4/10/16 aev
plotline(x1,y1,x2,y2)={plotmove(0, x1,y1);plotrline(0,x2-x1,y2-y1);}
plottree(x,y,a,d)={
my(x2,y2,d2r=Pi/180.0,a1=a*d2r,d1);
if(d<=0, return(););
if(d>0, d1=d*10.0;
x2=x+cos(a1)*d1;
y2=y+sin(a1)*d1;
plotline(x,y,x2,y2);
plottree(x2,y2,a-20,d-1);
plottree(x2,y2,a+20,d-1),
return();
);
}
FractalTree(depth,size)={
my(dx=1,dy=0,ttlb="Fractal Tree, depth ",ttl=Str(ttlb,depth));
print1(" *** ",ttl); print(", size ",size);
plotinit(0);
plotcolor(0,6); \\green
plotscale(0, -size,size, 0,size);
plotmove(0, 0,0);
plottree(0,0,90,depth);
plotdraw([0,size,size]);
}
{\\ Executing:
FractalTree(9,500); \\FracTree1.png
FractalTree(12,1100); \\FracTree2.png
FractalTree(15,1500); \\FracTree3.png
}
</syntaxhighlight>
{{Output}}
<pre>
*** Fractal Tree, depth 9, size 500
*** last result computed in 140 ms.
*** Fractal Tree, depth 12, size 1100
*** last result computed in 236 ms.
*** Fractal Tree, depth 15, size 1500
*** last result computed in 1,095 ms
</pre>
=={{header|Perl}}==
using the [http://search.cpan.org/~lds/GD-2.45/GD/Simple.pm GD::Simple] module.
<
my ($width, $height) = (1000,1000); # image dimension
Line 892 ⟶ 2,484:
tree($x, $y, $len*$scale, $angle+35);
tree($x, $y, $len*$scale, $angle-35);
}</
=={{header|Phix}}==
{{libheader|Phix/pGUI}}
{{libheader|Phix/online}}
You can run this online [http://phix.x10.mx/p2js/fractaltree.htm here].
<!--<syntaxhighlight lang="phix">(phixonline)-->
<span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">--
-- demo\rosetta\FractalTree.exw
-- ============================
--</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">with</span> <span style="color: #008080;">javascript_semantics</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">include</span> <span style="color: #000000;">pGUI</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">.</span><span style="color: #000000;">e</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">Ihandle</span> <span style="color: #000000;">dlg</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">canvas</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">cdCanvas</span> <span style="color: #000000;">cddbuffer</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">cdcanvas</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">procedure</span> <span style="color: #000000;">drawTree</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #004080;">integer</span> <span style="color: #000000;">level</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #004080;">atom</span> <span style="color: #000000;">angle</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">len</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #004080;">integer</span> <span style="color: #000000;">x</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">y</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #004080;">integer</span> <span style="color: #000000;">xn</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">x</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">+</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">floor</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">len</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">*</span><span style="color: #7060A8;">cos</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">angle</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)),</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">yn</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">y</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">+</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">floor</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">len</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">*</span><span style="color: #7060A8;">sin</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">angle</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)),</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">red</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">255</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">-</span><span style="color: #000000;">level</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">*</span><span style="color: #000000;">8</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">green</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">level</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">*</span><span style="color: #000000;">12</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">+</span><span style="color: #000000;">100</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">cdCanvasSetForeground</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">cddbuffer</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">red</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">*</span><span style="color: #000000;">#10000</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">+</span> <span style="color: #000000;">green</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">*</span><span style="color: #000000;">#100</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">cdCanvasSetLineWidth</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">cddbuffer</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #7060A8;">floor</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">5</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">-</span><span style="color: #000000;">level</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">/</span><span style="color: #000000;">3</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">))</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">cdCanvasLine</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">cddbuffer</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">x</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">480</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">-</span><span style="color: #000000;">y</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">xn</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">480</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">-</span><span style="color: #000000;">yn</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">if</span> <span style="color: #000000;">level</span><span style="color: #0000FF;"><</span><span style="color: #000000;">12</span> <span style="color: #008080;">then</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">drawTree</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">level</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">+</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">angle</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">-</span><span style="color: #000000;">0.4</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">len</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">*</span><span style="color: #000000;">0.8</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">xn</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">yn</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">--left</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">drawTree</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">level</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">+</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">angle</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">+</span><span style="color: #000000;">0.1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">len</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">*</span><span style="color: #000000;">0.8</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">xn</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">yn</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">--right</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">if</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">procedure</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">function</span> <span style="color: #000000;">redraw_cb</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #004080;">Ihandle</span> <span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">/*ih*/</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #004080;">integer</span> <span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">/*posx*/</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">/*posy*/</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">cdCanvasActivate</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">cddbuffer</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">cdCanvasClear</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">cddbuffer</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">drawTree</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">0</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">-</span><span style="color: #004600;">PI</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">/</span><span style="color: #000000;">2.0</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">80.0</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">360</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">460</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">cdCanvasFlush</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">cddbuffer</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">return</span> <span style="color: #004600;">IUP_DEFAULT</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">function</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">function</span> <span style="color: #000000;">map_cb</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #004080;">Ihandle</span> <span style="color: #000000;">ih</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">cdcanvas</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">cdCreateCanvas</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #004600;">CD_IUP</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">ih</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">cddbuffer</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">cdCreateCanvas</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #004600;">CD_DBUFFER</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">cdcanvas</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">cdCanvasSetBackground</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">cddbuffer</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #004600;">CD_PARCHMENT</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">return</span> <span style="color: #004600;">IUP_DEFAULT</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">function</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">procedure</span> <span style="color: #000000;">main</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">()</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">IupOpen</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">()</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">canvas</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">IupCanvas</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #008000;">"RASTERSIZE=640x480"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">IupSetCallbacks</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">canvas</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">{</span><span style="color: #008000;">"MAP_CB"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">Icallback</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #008000;">"map_cb"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">),</span>
<span style="color: #008000;">"ACTION"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">Icallback</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #008000;">"redraw_cb"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)})</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">dlg</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">IupDialog</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">canvas</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #008000;">"RESIZE=NO"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">IupSetAttribute</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">dlg</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #008000;">"TITLE"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #008000;">"Fractal Tree"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">IupShow</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">dlg</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">if</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">platform</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">()!=</span><span style="color: #004600;">JS</span> <span style="color: #008080;">then</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">IupMainLoop</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">()</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">IupClose</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">()</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">if</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">procedure</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">main</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">()</span>
<!--</syntaxhighlight>-->
=={{header|PHP}}==
Image is created with GD module. Code adapted from the JavaScript version.
<
<?php
header("Content-type: image/png");
Line 953 ⟶ 2,584:
imagedestroy($img);
?>
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|PicoLisp}}==
This uses the 'brez' line drawing function from
[[Bitmap/Bresenham's line algorithm#PicoLisp]].
<
(de fractalTree (Img X Y A D)
Line 973 ⟶ 2,603:
(prinl "P1")
(prinl 400 " " 300)
(mapc prinl Img) ) )</
=={{header|Plain English}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="plainenglish">To run:
Start up.
Clear the screen to the lightest blue color.
Pick a brownish color.
Put the screen's bottom minus 1/2 inch into the context's spot's y coord.
Draw a tree given 3 inches.
Refresh the screen.
Wait for the escape key.
Shut down.
To draw a tree given a size:
If the size is less than 1/32 inch, exit.
Put the size divided by 1/4 inch into the pen size.
If the size is less than 1/4 inch, pick a greenish color.
Remember where we are.
Stroke the size.
Turn left 1/16 of the way. Draw another tree given the size times 2/3. Turn right 1/16 of the way.
Turn right 1/16 of the way. Draw a third tree given the size times 2/3. Turn left 1/16 of the way.
Go back to where we were.</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fractal-tree.png]
=={{header|PL/pgSQL}}==
{{works with|Postgres}}
This piece of code generates the coordinates of each branch, builds a version in the standardized geometry representation format: WKT.
A temporary table contains the results: coordinates and WKT representation of each branch.
In a query (Postgres + postgis function), we can draw a unique geometry that can be displayed in a tool like QGis or DBeaver database manager for example.
The query exploits the notion of CTE and its recursive form.
[[File:plpgsql-tree.png||200px|thumb|rigth|Pl/PgSQL fractal tree]]
<syntaxhighlight lang="sql">
drop table if exists my_temp_tree_table;
do $$
declare
_length numeric := 1;
-- a little random
_random_length_reduction_max numeric := 0.6;
_fork_angle numeric := pi()/12;
-- a little random
_random_angle numeric := pi()/12;
_depth numeric := 9 ;
begin
create temporary table my_temp_tree_table as
WITH RECURSIVE branch(azimuth, x1, y1, x2, y2, len, n) AS (
VALUES (pi()/2, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, _length, _length, _depth)
UNION all
select azimuth+a,
x2, y2,
round((x2+cos(azimuth+a)*len)::numeric, 2), round((y2+sin(azimuth+a)*len)::numeric, 2),
(len*(_random_length_reduction_max+(random()*(1-_random_length_reduction_max))))::numeric,
n-1
FROM branch
cross join (
select ((-_fork_angle)+(_random_angle)*(random()-0.5)) a
union
select ((_fork_angle)+(_random_angle)*(random()-0.5)) a2
) a
WHERE n > 0
)
select x1, y1, x2, y2, 'LINESTRING('||x1||' '||y1||','||x2||' '||y2||')' as wkt from branch
;
end $$
;
-- coordinates and WKT
select * from my_temp_tree_table;
-- binary version (postgis) of each branch
select ST_GeomFromEWKT('SRID=4326;'||wkt) geom from my_temp_tree_table;
-- a unique geometry
select st_union(ST_GeomFromEWKT('SRID=4326;'||wkt)) geom from my_temp_tree_table;
</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
coordinates and WKT
<pre>
x1 |y1 |x2 |y2 |wkt |
-----+----+-----+----+---------------------------------+
0.0| 0.0| 0.0| 1|LINESTRING(0.0 0.0,0.0 1) |
0.0| 1| 0.15|1.99|LINESTRING(0.0 1,0.15 1.99) |
0.0| 1|-0.29|1.96|LINESTRING(0.0 1,-0.29 1.96) |
0.15|1.99| 0.36|2.68|LINESTRING(0.15 1.99,0.36 2.68) |
0.15|1.99| 0.05|2.70|LINESTRING(0.15 1.99,0.05 2.70) |
...
</pre>
===a simple unparameterized version, without randomness===
<syntaxhighlight lang="sql">
WITH RECURSIVE noeuds(azimuth, x0, y0, x, y, len, n) AS (
VALUES (pi()/2, 0::real, 0::real, 0::real, 10::real, 10::real, 9::int)
UNION all
select azimuth+a, x, y, (x+cos(azimuth+a)*len)::real, (y+sin(azimuth+a)*len)::real, (len/2)::real, n-1
FROM noeuds
cross join (select (-pi()/7)::real a union select (pi()/7)::real a2) a
WHERE n > 0
)
, branche as (
select '('||x0||' '||y0||','||x||' '||y||')' b
from noeuds
)
select ST_GeomFromEWKT('SRID=4326;MULTILINESTRING('||string_agg(b, ',')||')') tree
from branche
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|PostScript}}==
<
%%BoundingBox: 0 0 300 300
%%EndComments
Line 1,021 ⟶ 2,765:
%
showpage origstate restore
%%EOF</
Shorter version:<
%%BoundingBox: 0 0 300 300
/!0 { dup 1 sub dup 0 gt } def
Line 1,035 ⟶ 2,779:
/d 10 def 5 setlinewidth 1 setlinecap 170 20 translate d tree pop
%%EOF</
=={{header|POV-Ray}}==
<
#include "transforms.inc"
Line 1,080 ⟶ 2,824:
union {
FractalTree(<-2,0,0>, <1,0,0>, 1, Spread_Ang, Branches)
}</
=={{header|Prolog}}==
SWI-Prolog has a graphic interface : XPCE.
<
new(D, window('Fractal')),
send(D, size, size(800, 600)),
Line 1,103 ⟶ 2,848:
drawTree(D, X2, Y2, A2, De).
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|PureBasic}}==
<
#Scaling_Factor = 0.75
#Deg_to_Rad = #PI / 180
Line 1,135 ⟶ 2,881:
EndIf
Repeat: Until WaitWindowEvent(10) = #PB_Event_CloseWindow</
[[Image:PB_FractalTree.png]]
=={{header|Processing}}==
==== Using rotation ====
<syntaxhighlight lang="java">void setup() {
size(600, 600);
background(0);
stroke(255);
drawTree(300, 550, 9);
}
void drawTree(float x, float y, int depth) {
float forkAngle = radians(20);
float baseLen = 10.0;
if (depth > 0) {
pushMatrix();
translate(x, y - baseLen * depth);
line(0, baseLen * depth, 0, 0);
rotate(forkAngle);
drawTree(0, 0, depth - 1);
rotate(2 * -forkAngle);
drawTree(0, 0, depth - 1);
popMatrix();
}
}</syntaxhighlight>
==== Calculating coordinates ====
{{trans|Python}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="java">void setup() {
size(600, 600);
background(0);
stroke(255);
drawTree(300, 550, -90, 9);
}
void drawTree(float x1, float y1, float angle, int depth) {
float forkAngle = 20;
float baseLen = 10.0;
if (depth > 0) {
float x2 = x1 + cos(radians(angle)) * depth * baseLen;
float y2 = y1 + sin(radians(angle)) * depth * baseLen;
line(x1, y1, x2, y2);
drawTree(x2, y2, angle - forkAngle, depth - 1);
drawTree(x2, y2, angle + forkAngle, depth - 1);
}
}</syntaxhighlight>
==={{header|Processing Python mode}}===
==== Using rotation ====
{{trans|Processing}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="python">def setup():
size(600, 600)
background(0)
stroke(255)
drawTree(300, 550, 9)
def drawTree(x, y, depth):
fork_ang = radians(20)
base_len = 10
if depth > 0:
pushMatrix()
translate(x, y - baseLen * depth)
line(0, baseLen * depth, 0, 0)
rotate(fork_ang)
drawTree(0, 0, depth - 1)
rotate(2 * -fork_ang)
drawTree(0, 0, depth - 1)
popMatrix()</syntaxhighlight>
==== Calculating coordinates ====
{{trans|Python}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="python">def setup():
size(600, 600)
background(0)
stroke(255)
drawTree(300, 550, -90, 9)
def drawTree(x1, y1, angle, depth):
fork_angle = 20
base_len = 10.0
if depth > 0:
x2 = x1 + cos(radians(angle)) * depth * base_len
y2 = y1 + sin(radians(angle)) * depth * base_len
line(x1, y1, x2, y2)
drawTree(x2, y2, angle - fork_angle, depth - 1)
drawTree(x2, y2, angle + fork_angle, depth - 1)</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Python}}==
[[File:fractal-tree-python.png|right|thumb]]
{{libheader|pygame}}
<
pygame.init()
Line 1,148 ⟶ 2,988:
def drawTree(x1, y1, angle, depth):
base_len = 10.0
if depth > 0:
x2 = x1 + int(math.cos(math.radians(angle)) * depth * base_len)
y2 = y1 + int(math.sin(math.radians(angle)) * depth * base_len)
pygame.draw.line(screen, (255,255,255), (x1, y1), (x2, y2), 2)
drawTree(x2, y2, angle -
drawTree(x2, y2, angle +
def input(event):
Line 1,162 ⟶ 3,004:
pygame.display.flip()
while True:
input(pygame.event.wait())</
=={{header|QB64}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="qb64">_Title "Fractal Tree"
Const sw% = 640
Const sh% = 480
Screen _NewImage(sw, sh, 8)
Cls , 15: Color 2
Call tree(sw \ 2, sh - 10, _Pi * 1.5, _Pi / 180 * 29, 112, 15)
Sleep
System
Sub tree (x As Integer, y As Integer, initAngle As Double, theta As Double, length As Double, depth As Integer)
Dim As Integer iL, newX, newY, iX, iY, iD
iL = length: iX = x: iY = y: iD = depth
newX = Cos(initAngle) * length + iX
newY = Sin(initAngle) * length + iY
Line (iX, iY)-(newX, newY)
iL = length * .78
iD = iD - 1
If iD > 0 Then
Call tree(newX, newY, initAngle - theta, theta, iL, iD)
Call tree(newX, newY, initAngle + theta, theta, iL, iD)
End If
End Sub</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Quackery}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="quackery">[ $ "turtleduck.qky" loadfile ] now!
[ [ 1 1
30 times
[ tuck + ]
swap join ] constant
do ] is phi ( --> n/d )
[ 2dup 5 1 v< iff
2drop done
2dup 5 1 v/
proper 2drop wide
2dup walk
1 5 turn
2dup phi v/
2dup recurse
-2 5 turn
recurse
1 5 turn
-v fly ] is tree ( n/d --> )
turtle
20 frames
-1 4 turn
-450 1 fly
500 1 tree
1 frames</syntaxhighlight>
{{output}}
[[File:Quackery fractal tree.png|thumb|center]]
=={{header|R}}==
{{trans|PARI/GP}}
{{Works with|R|3.3.3 and above}}
[[File:FRTR9.png|200px|right|thumb|Output FRTR9.png]]
[[File:FRTR12.png|200px|right|thumb|Output FRTR12.png]]
[[File:FRTR15.png|200px|right|thumb|Output FRTR15.png]]
<syntaxhighlight lang="r">
## Recursive FT plotting
plotftree <- function(x, y, a, d, c) {
x2=y2=0; d2r=pi/180.0; a1 <- a*d2r; d1=0;
if(d<=0) {return()}
if(d>0)
{ d1=d*10.0;
x2=x+cos(a1)*d1;
y2=y+sin(a1)*d1;
segments(x*c, y*c, x2*c, y2*c, col='darkgreen');
plotftree(x2,y2,a-20,d-1,c);
plotftree(x2,y2,a+20,d-1,c);
#return(2);
}
}
## Plotting Fractal Tree. aev 3/27/17
## ord - order/depth, c - scale, xsh - x-shift, fn - file name,
## ttl - plot title.
pFractalTree <- function(ord, c=1, xsh=0, fn="", ttl="") {
cat(" *** START FRT:", date(), "\n");
m=640;
if(fn=="") {pf=paste0("FRTR", ord, ".png")} else {pf=paste0(fn, ".png")};
if(ttl=="") {ttl=paste0("Fractal tree, order - ", ord)};
cat(" *** Plot file -", pf, "title:", ttl, "\n");
##plot(NA, xlim=c(0,m), ylim=c(-m,0), xlab="", ylab="", main=ttl);
plot(NA, xlim=c(0,m), ylim=c(0,m), xlab="", ylab="", main=ttl);
plotftree(m/2+xsh,100,90,ord,c);
dev.copy(png, filename=pf, width=m, height=m);
dev.off(); graphics.off();
cat(" *** END FRT:",date(),"\n");
}
## Executing:
pFractalTree(9);
pFractalTree(12,0.6,210);
pFractalTree(15,0.35,600);
</syntaxhighlight>
{{Output}}
<pre>
> pFractalTree(9);
*** START FRT: Tue Mar 28 16:49:49 2017
*** Plot file - FRTR9.png title: Fractal tree, order - 9
*** END FRT: Tue Mar 28 16:49:50 2017
> pFractalTree(12,0.6,210);
*** START FRT: Tue Mar 28 17:32:15 2017
*** Plot file - FRTR12.png title: Fractal tree, order - 12
*** END FRT: Tue Mar 28 17:32:16 2017
> pFractalTree(15,0.35,600);
*** START FRT: Tue Mar 28 17:38:34 2017
*** Plot file - FRTR15.png title: Fractal tree, order - 15
*** END FRT: Tue Mar 28 17:38:41 2017
</pre>
=={{header|Racket}}==
[[File:tree-racket.png|right|thumb]]
<syntaxhighlight lang="racket">
#lang racket
(require graphics/turtles)
(define (tree n)
(when (> n 1)
(draw (/ n 2))
(tprompt (split* (turn 60) (turn -60))
(tree (/ n 2)))
(draw (/ n 2))
(turn 5)
(tree (- n 1))))
(turtles #t) (move 100) (turn 90) (move -200)
(tree 35)
(save-turtle-bitmap "tree.png" 'png)
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Raku}}==
(formerly Perl 6)
Image is created in [[wp:SVG|SVG]] format.
<syntaxhighlight lang="raku" line>my ($width, $height) = (1000,1000); # image dimension
my $scale = 6/10; # branch scale relative to trunk
my $length = 400; # trunk size
say "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8' standalone='no'?>
<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC '-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN'
'http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd'>
<svg width='100%' height='100%' version='1.1'
xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'>";
tree($width/2, $height, $length, 3*pi/2);
say "</svg>";
multi tree($, $, $length where { $length < 1}, $) {}
multi tree($x, $y, $length, $angle)
{
my ($x2, $y2) = ( $x + $length * $angle.cos, $y + $length * $angle.sin);
say "<line x1='$x' y1='$y' x2='$x2' y2='$y2' style='stroke:rgb(0,0,0);stroke-width:1'/>";
tree($x2, $y2, $length*$scale, $angle + pi/5);
tree($x2, $y2, $length*$scale, $angle - pi/5);
}</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Red}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="red">Red [Needs: 'View]
color: brown
width: 9
view/tight/options/flags/no-wait [ ; click image to grow tree
img: image 1097x617 draw [
pen brown line-width 9 line 500x600 500x500] [grow]
] [offset: 0x0] [no-border]
ends: reduce [500x500 pi * 3 / 2] ; list of terminal nodes
da: pi * 30 / 180 ; angle of branches in radians
ea: pi * 5 / 180 ; offset added to angle to break symmetry
l: 200 ; branches initial lenght
scale: 0.7 ; branches scale factor
grow: does [ ; grows branches
l: l * scale
color: 2 * color + leaf / 3
width: width - 1
newends: copy []
foreach [p a] ends [
a1: a + da - ea
p1: p + as-pair l * cos a1 l * sin a1
a2: a - da - ea
p2: p + as-pair l * cos a2 l * sin a2
append img/draw compose/deep [
pen (color) line-width (width) line (p1) (p) (p2)]
append newends reduce [p1 a1 p2 a2]
]
ends: newends
]</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
[https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Palaing/redlib/master/games/images/fractaltree.png fractal tree image]
=={{header|Ring}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="ring">
load "guilib.ring"
new qapp
{
win1 = new qwidget() {
setwindowtitle("drawing using qpainter")
setgeometry(100,100,500,500)
label1 = new qlabel(win1) {
setgeometry(10,10,400,400)
settext("")
}
draw()
show()
}
exec()
}
func draw
p1 = new qpicture()
color = new qcolor() {
setrgb(0,0,255,255)
}
pen = new qpen() {
setcolor(color)
setwidth(1)
}
new qpainter() {
begin(p1)
setpen(pen)
sizex = 400
sizey = 200
depth = 10
tree(self, sizex, 0, sizey/2, 90, depth)
endpaint()
}
label1 { setpicture(p1) show() }
func tree myObj, x1, y1, size, angle, depth
myObj{
scale = 0.76
spread = 25
x2 = x1 + size * cos(angle)
y2 = y1 + size * sin(angle)
drawline(x1, y1, x2, y2)
if depth > 0
tree(self, x2, y2, size * scale, angle - spread, depth - 1)
tree(self, x2, y2, size * scale, angle + spread, depth - 1) ok}
</syntaxhighlight>
Output:
[[File:CalmoSoftFractalTree.jpg]]
=={{header|Ruby}}==
{{libheader|Shoes}}
<
background "#fff"
stroke "#000"
Line 1,184 ⟶ 3,281:
drawTree(300,550,-90,9)
end</
=={{header|Rust}}==
{{libheader|Piston}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="rust">//Cargo deps :
// piston = "0.35.0"
// piston2d-graphics = "0.23.0"
// piston2d-opengl_graphics = "0.49.0"
// pistoncore-glutin_window = "0.42.0"
extern crate piston;
extern crate graphics;
extern crate opengl_graphics;
extern crate glutin_window;
use piston::window::WindowSettings;
use piston::event_loop::{Events, EventSettings};
use piston::input::RenderEvent;
use glutin_window::GlutinWindow as Window;
use opengl_graphics::{GlGraphics, OpenGL};
use graphics::{clear, line, Context};
const ANG: f64 = 20.0;
const COLOR: [f32; 4] = [1.0, 0.0, 0.5, 1.0];
const LINE_THICKNESS: f64 = 5.0;
const DEPTH: u32 = 11;
fn main() {
let mut window: Window = WindowSettings::new("Fractal Tree", [1024, 768])
.opengl(OpenGL::V3_2)
.exit_on_esc(true)
.build()
.unwrap();
let mut gl = GlGraphics::new(OpenGL::V3_2);
let mut events = Events::new(EventSettings::new());
while let Some(e) = events.next(&mut window) {
if let Some(args) = e.render_args() {
gl.draw(args.viewport(), |c, g| {
clear([1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0], g);
draw_fractal_tree(512.0, 700.0, 0.0, DEPTH, c, g);
});
}
}
}
fn draw_fractal_tree(x1: f64, y1: f64, angle: f64, depth: u32, c: Context, g: &mut GlGraphics) {
let x2 = x1 + angle.to_radians().sin() * depth as f64 * 10.0;
let y2 = y1 - angle.to_radians().cos() * depth as f64 * 10.0;
line(
COLOR,
LINE_THICKNESS * depth as f64 * 0.2,
[x1, y1, x2, y2],
c.transform,
g,
);
if depth > 0 {
draw_fractal_tree(x2, y2, angle - ANG, depth - 1, c, g);
draw_fractal_tree(x2, y2, angle + ANG, depth - 1, c, g);
}
}
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Scala}}==
Adapted from the Java version. Screenshot below.
<
import java.awt.{RenderingHints, BasicStroke, Color}
Line 1,218 ⟶ 3,376:
}
}
}</
[[File:scalaTree.png]]
=={{header|Scheme}}==
The tree is created as a list of line segments, which can then be drawn on a required device. For this program, the tree is output to an eps file.
<syntaxhighlight lang="scheme">
(import (scheme base)
(scheme file)
(scheme inexact)
(scheme write))
(define *scale* 10) ; controls overall size of tree
(define *split* 20) ; controls angle of split (in degrees)
;; construct lines for tree as list of 5-tuples (x1 y1 x2 y2 depth)
;; - x1 y1 is start point
;; - angle of this line, in radians
;; - depth, depth within tree (controls length of line)
(define (create-tree x1 y1 angle depth)
(define (degrees->radians d)
(let ((pi 3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937510582097))
(* d pi 1/180)))
;
(if (zero? depth)
'()
(let ((x2 (+ x1 (* (cos (degrees->radians angle)) depth *scale*)))
(y2 (+ y1 (* (sin (degrees->radians angle)) depth *scale*))))
(append (list (map truncate (list x1 y1 x2 y2 depth)))
(create-tree x2 y2 (- angle *split*) (- depth 1))
(create-tree x2 y2 (+ angle *split*) (- depth 1))))))
;; output the tree to an eps file
(define (output-tree-as-eps filename tree)
(when (file-exists? filename) (delete-file filename))
(with-output-to-file
filename
(lambda ()
(display "%!PS-Adobe-3.0 EPSF-3.0\n%%BoundingBox: 0 0 800 800\n")
;; add each line - sets linewidth based on depth in tree
(for-each (lambda (line)
(display
(string-append "newpath\n"
(number->string (list-ref line 0)) " "
(number->string (list-ref line 1)) " "
"moveto\n"
(number->string (list-ref line 2)) " "
(number->string (list-ref line 3)) " "
"lineto\n"
(number->string (truncate (/ (list-ref line 4) 2)))
" setlinewidth\n"
"stroke\n"
)))
tree)
(display "\n%%EOF"))))
(output-tree-as-eps "fractal.eps" (create-tree 400 200 90 9))
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Scilab}}==
===L-System approach===
This script uses complex numbers to represent (x,y) coordinates: real part as x position, and imaginary part as y position. The tree is generated using an L-system approach, and the lines are then drawn by interpreting the resulting sentence. The output is plotted onto graphic window.
<syntaxhighlight lang="text">trunk = 1; //trunk length
ratio = 0.8; //size ratio between two consecutive branches
depth = 9; //final number of branch levels
orign = 0; //origin of the tree (should be complex)
angle = 45*%pi/180; //angle between two branches [rad]
trunk_angle = 90*%pi/180; //angle between trunk and X-axis [rad]
right_angle = angle/2; //angles to the right or to the left
left_angle = 0.8*angle; //can be set independently or
//as function of 'angle'
//L-system definition:
//Alphabet: FBD[]+-
//F: go forward B: go backwards
//[: start new branch ]: end current branch
//+: branch to the right -: branch to the left
//D: double line (forward then backward)
//Axiom: D
//Rule: D -> F[+D-D]B
//L-system sentence generation
sentence = 'D'
rule = 'F[+D-D]B';
for i=1:depth
sentence = strsubst(sentence,'D',rule);
end
sentence = strsplit(sentence)';
//Empty tree
tree_size = 1.0...
+ length(find(sentence=='F'|sentence=='B'))...
+ 2 * length(find(sentence=='D'));
tree=zeros(tree_size,1);
//Drawing the tree
branch_level = 0;
curr_angle = trunk_angle;
curr_pos = 1;
for ind = 1:size(sentence,'c')
charac = sentence(ind);
select charac
case 'F' then //Draw line forward
tree(curr_pos+1) = tree(curr_pos)...
+ trunk * ratio^branch_level * exp(curr_angle*%i);
curr_pos = curr_pos + 1;
case 'B' then //Draw line backwards
tree(curr_pos+1) = tree(curr_pos)...
+ trunk * ratio^branch_level * exp((%pi+curr_angle)*%i);
curr_pos = curr_pos + 1;
case '[' then //New branch
branch_level = branch_level + 1;
case '+' then //Turn right
curr_angle = curr_angle - right_angle;
case '-' then //Turn left
curr_angle = curr_angle + right_angle + left_angle;
case ']' then //End of branch
branch_level = branch_level - 1;
curr_angle = curr_angle - left_angle;
case 'D' then //Double line
tree(curr_pos+1) = tree(curr_pos)...
+ trunk * ratio^branch_level * exp(curr_angle*%i);
tree(curr_pos+2) = tree(curr_pos+1)...
+ trunk * ratio^branch_level * exp((%pi+curr_angle)*%i);
curr_pos = curr_pos + 2;
end
end
scf(); clf();
xname('Fractal tree: '+string(depth)+' levels')
plot2d(real(tree),imag(tree),14);
set(gca(),'isoview','on');
set(gca(),'axes_visible',['off','off','off']);</syntaxhighlight>
===Recursive approach===
{{trans|PHP}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="text">width = 512;
height = 512;
img=scf();
set(img,'figure_size',[width,height]);
function drawTree(x1, y1, angle, depth)
if depth ~= 0 then
x2 = x1 + cos(angle * %pi/180) * depth * 10;
y2 = y1 + sin(angle * %pi/180) * depth * 10;
plot2d([x1 x2],[y1 y2],14);
drawTree(x2, y2, angle - 20, depth - 1);
drawTree(x2, y2, angle + 20, depth - 1);
end
endfunction
drawTree(width/2,height,90,10);
set(gca(),'isoview','on');</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Seed7}}==
<
include "float.s7i";
include "math.s7i";
Line 1,251 ⟶ 3,573:
drawTree(300, 470, -90.0, 9);
ignore(getc(KEYBOARD));
end func;</
Original source: [http://seed7.sourceforge.net/algorith/graphic.htm#fractree]
=={{header|Sidef}}==
{{trans|Perl}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="ruby">func tree(img, x, y, scale=6/10, len=400, angle=270) {
len < 1 && return()
img.moveTo(x, y)
img.angle(angle)
img.line(len)
var (x1, y1) = img.curPos
tree(img, x1, y1, scale, len*scale, angle+35)
tree(img, x1, y1, scale, len*scale, angle-35)
}
require('GD::Simple')
var (width=1000, height=1000)
var img = %s|GD::Simple|.new(width, height)
img.fgcolor('black')
img.penSize(1, 1)
tree(img, width/2, height)
File('tree.png').write(img.png, :raw)</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Smalltalk}}==
This example is coded for Squeak Smalltalk.
<syntaxhighlight lang="smalltalk">
Object subclass: #FractalTree
instanceVariableNames: ''
classVariableNames: ''
poolDictionaries: ''
category: 'RosettaCode'
</syntaxhighlight>
Methods for FractalTree class:
<syntaxhighlight lang="smalltalk">
tree: aPoint length: aLength angle: anAngle
| p a |
(aLength > 10) ifTrue: [
p := Pen new.
p up.
p goto: aPoint.
p turn: anAngle.
p down.
5 timesRepeat: [
p go: aLength / 5.
p turn: 5.
].
a := anAngle - 30.
3 timesRepeat: [
self tree: p location length: aLength * 0.7 angle: a.
a := a + 30.
]
].
draw
Display restoreAfter: [
Display fillWhite.
self tree: 700@700 length: 200 angle: 0.
]
</syntaxhighlight>
Now open a new Workspace and enter:
<syntaxhighlight lang="smalltalk">
FractalTree new draw.
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|SVG}}==
Line 1,261 ⟶ 3,657:
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
<
<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 20010904//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-SVG-20010904/DTD/svg10.dtd">
Line 1,310 ⟶ 3,706:
</g>
</svg></
=={{header|Swift}}==
[http://i.imgur.com/F8Fyn1i.png Image] - Link, since uploads seem to be disabled currently.
In a playground:
<syntaxhighlight lang="swift">extension CGFloat {
func degrees_to_radians() -> CGFloat {
return CGFloat(M_PI) * self / 180.0
}
}
extension Double {
func degrees_to_radians() -> Double {
return Double(M_PI) * self / 180.0
}
}
class Tree: UIView {
func drawTree(x1: CGFloat, y1: CGFloat, angle: CGFloat, depth:Int){
if depth == 0 {
return
}
let ang = angle.degrees_to_radians()
let x2:CGFloat = x1 + ( cos(ang) as CGFloat) * CGFloat(depth) * (self.frame.width / 60)
let y2:CGFloat = y1 + ( sin(ang) as CGFloat) * CGFloat(depth) * (self.frame.width / 60)
let line = drawLine(x1, y1: y1, x2: x2, y2: y2)
line.stroke()
drawTree(x2, y1: y2, angle: angle - 20, depth: depth - 1)
drawTree(x2, y1: y2, angle: angle + 20, depth: depth - 1)
}
func drawLine(x1:CGFloat, y1:CGFloat, x2:CGFloat, y2:CGFloat) -> UIBezierPath
{
let path = UIBezierPath()
path.moveToPoint(CGPoint(x: x1,y: y1))
path.addLineToPoint(CGPoint(x: x2,y: y2))
path.lineWidth = 1
return path
}
override func drawRect(rect: CGRect) {
let color = UIColor(red: 1.0, green: 0.0, blue: 0.0, alpha: 1.0)
color.set()
drawTree(self.frame.width / 2 , y1: self.frame.height * 0.8, angle: -90 , depth: 9 )
}
}
let tree = Tree(frame: CGRectMake(0, 0, 300, 300))
tree
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Standard ML}}==
Works with PolyML
<syntaxhighlight lang="standard ml">open XWindows;
open Motif;
fun toI {x=x,y=y} = {x=Real.toInt IEEEReal.TO_NEAREST x,y=Real.toInt IEEEReal.TO_NEAREST y} ;
fun drawOnTop win usegc ht hs {x=l1,y=l2} {x=r1,y=r2} =
let
val xy = {x=l1 - ht * (l2-r2) , y = l2 - ht * (r1-l1) }
val zt = {x=r1 - ht * (l2-r2) , y= r2 - ht * (r1-l1) }
val ab = {x= ( (#x xy + #x zt) + hs * (#y zt - #y xy ) )/2.0 , y = ( (#y zt + #y xy) - hs * (#x zt - #x xy )) /2.0 }
in
if abs (l1 - #x xy ) < 0.9 andalso abs (l2 - #y xy ) < 0.9
then XFlush (XtDisplay win)
else
(XFillPolygon (XtWindow win) usegc [ (XPoint o toI) {x=l1,y=l2},
(XPoint o toI ) xy ,
(XPoint o toI ) ab ,
(XPoint o toI ) zt ,
(XPoint o toI ) {x=r1,y=r2} ] Convex CoordModeOrigin ;
drawOnTop win usegc (0.87*ht) hs xy ab ;
drawOnTop win usegc (0.93*ht) hs ab zt )
end ;
val demoWindow = fn () =>
let
val shell = XtAppInitialise "" "tree" "top" [] [ XmNwidth 800, XmNheight 650] ;
val main = XmCreateMainWindow shell "main" [ XmNmappedWhenManaged true ] ;
val canvas = XmCreateDrawingArea main "drawarea" [ XmNwidth 800, XmNheight 650] ;
val usegc = DefaultGC (XtDisplay canvas) ;
in
XtSetCallbacks canvas [ (XmNexposeCallback ,
(fn (w,c,t) => ( drawOnTop canvas usegc 8.0 0.85 {x=385.0,y=645.0} {x=415.0,y=645.0} ; t) ) )
] XmNarmCallback ;
XtManageChild canvas ;
XtManageChild main ;
XtRealizeWidget shell
end ;
demoWindow ();</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Tcl}}==
{{libheader|Tk}}
<
set SIZE 800
Line 1,345 ⟶ 3,846:
pack [canvas .c -width $SIZE -height $SIZE]
draw_tree .c [expr {$SIZE/2}] [expr {$SIZE-10}] 0.0 -1.0 $INITIAL_LENGTH \
[expr {3.1415927 / 8}] $BRANCHES</
=={{header|TUSCRIPT}}==
Image is created in SVG-format
<
$$ MODE TUSCRIPT
dest="fracaltree.svg"
Line 1,386 ⟶ 3,888:
WRITE/NEXT d "</svg>"
ENDACCESS d
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|TypeScript}}==
{{trans|JavaScript}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="javascript">// Set up canvas for drawing
var canvas: HTMLCanvasElement = document.createElement('canvas')
canvas.width = 600
canvas.height = 500
document.body.appendChild(canvas)
var ctx: CanvasRenderingContext2D = canvas.getContext('2d')
ctx.fillStyle = '#000'
ctx.lineWidth = 1
// constants
const degToRad: number = Math.PI / 180.0
const totalDepth: number = 9
/** Helper function that draws a line on the canvas */
function drawLine(x1: number, y1: number, x2: number, y2: number): void {
ctx.moveTo(x1, y1)
ctx.lineTo(x2, y2)
}
/** Draws a branch at the given point and angle and then calls itself twice */
function drawTree(x1: number, y1: number, angle: number, depth: number): void {
if (depth !== 0) {
let x2: number = x1 + (Math.cos(angle * degToRad) * depth * 10.0)
let y2: number = y1 + (Math.sin(angle * degToRad) * depth * 10.0)
drawLine(x1, y1, x2, y2)
drawTree(x2, y2, angle - 20, depth - 1)
drawTree(x2, y2, angle + 20, depth - 1)
}
}
// actual drawing of tree
ctx.beginPath()
drawTree(300, 500, -90, totalDepth)
ctx.closePath()
ctx.stroke()
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Wren}}==
{{trans|Kotlin}}
{{libheader|DOME}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="wren">import "graphics" for Canvas, Color
import "dome" for Window
import "math" for Math
var Radians = Fn.new { |d| d * Num.pi / 180 }
class FractalTree {
construct new(width, height) {
Window.title = "Fractal Tree"
Window.resize(width, height)
Canvas.resize(width, height)
_fore = Color.white
}
init() {
drawTree(400, 500, -90, 9)
}
drawTree(x1, y1, angle, depth) {
if (depth == 0) return
var r = Radians.call(angle)
var x2 = x1 + (Math.cos(r) * depth * 10).truncate
var y2 = y1 + (Math.sin(r) * depth * 10).truncate
Canvas.line(x1, y1, x2, y2, _fore)
drawTree(x2, y2, angle - 20, depth - 1)
drawTree(x2, y2, angle + 20, depth - 1)
}
update() {}
draw(alpha) {}
}
var Game = FractalTree.new(800, 600)</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|XPL0}}==
[[File:FtreeXPL0.png|200px|thumb|right|Output]]
<
proc DrawBranch(Lev, Dir, Len, X, Y);
Line 1,410 ⟶ 3,990:
if ChIn(1) then []; \wait for keystroke
SetVid(3); \restore normal text mode
]</
=={{header|Yabasic}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang Yabasic>clear screen
width = 512 : height = 512 : crad = 0.01745329
open window width, height
window origin "cc"
sub drawTree(x, y, deg, n)
local x2, y2
if n then
x2 = x + cos(deg * crad) * n * 15 * ran(.5)
y2 = y + sin(deg * crad) * n * 15 * ran(.5)
line x, y, x2, y2
drawTree(x2, y2, deg - 20, n - 1)
drawTree(x2, y2, deg + 20, n - 1)
endif
end sub
repeat
clear window
drawTree(0, height/3, -90, 10)
until upper$(inkey$(1)) = "Q"</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|zkl}}==
Uses the PPM class from http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bitmap/Bresenham%27s_line_algorithm#zkl
{{trans|BBC BASIC}}{{trans|XPL0}}
[[File:FractalTree.zkl.jpg|250px|thumb|right]]
<syntaxhighlight lang="zkl">fcn fractalTree(){
scale:=0.76;
sizeX:=400; sizeY:=300;
bitmap:=PPM(sizeX*2,sizeY*2,0xFF|FF|FF);
branch:='wrap(x1,y1,size,angle,depth){
ar:=angle.toRad();
x2:=x1 - size*ar.cos();
y2:=y1 + size*ar.sin();
color:=(0xff-depth*8).shiftLeft(16) + (depth*12+100).shiftLeft(8);
bitmap.line(x1,y1, x2,y2, color);
if(depth){
self.fcn(x2,y2,scale*size,angle - 30,depth - 1,vm.pasteArgs(5));
self.fcn(x2,y2,scale*size,angle + 8, depth - 1,vm.pasteArgs(5));
}
};
branch(sizeX,0,sizeY/2,90.0,10);
bitmap.write(File("foo.ppm","wb"));
}();</syntaxhighlight>
The funkyness (pasteArgs) in the recursion (self.fcn) is due to the closure ('wrap): the closed over args are stashed in the arglist, they need to be added to the parameters when recursing.
=={{header|ZX Spectrum Basic}}==
{{trans|BASIC256}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="zxbasic">10 LET level=12: LET long=45
20 LET x=127: LET y=0
30 LET rotation=PI/2
40 LET a1=PI/9: LET a2=PI/9
50 LET c1=0.75: LET c2=0.75
60 DIM x(level): DIM y(level)
70 BORDER 0: PAPER 0: INK 4: CLS
80 GO SUB 100
90 STOP
100 REM Tree
110 LET x(level)=x: LET y(level)=y
120 GO SUB 1000
130 IF level=1 THEN GO TO 240
140 LET level=level-1
150 LET long=long*c1
160 LET rotation=rotation-a1
170 GO SUB 100
180 LET long=long/c1*c2
190 LET rotation=rotation+a1+a2
200 GO SUB 100
210 LET rotation=rotation-a2
220 LET long=long/c2
230 LET level=level+1
240 LET x=x(level): LET y=y(level)
250 RETURN
1000 REM Draw
1010 LET yn=-SIN rotation*long+y
1020 LET xn=COS rotation*long+x
1030 PLOT x,y: DRAW xn-x,y-yn
1040 LET x=xn: LET y=yn
1050 RETURN </syntaxhighlight>
[[Category:Geometry]]
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