Zebra puzzle

From Rosetta Code
Task
Zebra puzzle
You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know.

The Zebra puzzle, a.k.a. Einstein's Riddle, is a logic puzzle which is to be solved programmatically.


It has several variants, one of them this:

  1.   There are five houses.
  2.   The English man lives in the red house.
  3.   The Swede has a dog.
  4.   The Dane drinks tea.
  5.   The green house is immediately to the left of the white house.
  6.   They drink coffee in the green house.
  7.   The man who smokes Pall Mall has a bird.
  8.   In the yellow house they smoke Dunhill.
  9.   In the middle house they drink milk.
  10.   The Norwegian lives in the first house.
  11.   The Blend-smoker lives in the house next to the house with a cat.
  12.   In a house next to the house with a horse, they smoke Dunhill.
  13.   The man who smokes Blue Master drinks beer.
  14.   The German smokes Prince.
  15.   The Norwegian lives next to the blue house.
  16.   They drink water in a house next to the house where they smoke Blend.


The question is, who owns the zebra? For clarity, each of the five houses is painted a different color, and their inhabitants are of different nationalities, own different pets, drink different beverages and smoke different brands of cigarettes.

Additionally, list the solution for all the houses.
Optionally, show the solution is unique.


Related tasks



Ada

Not the prettiest Ada, but it's simple and very fast. Similar to my Dinesman's code; uses enums to keep things readable.

with Ada.Text_IO; use Ada.Text_IO;
procedure Zebra is
   type Content is (Beer, Coffee, Milk, Tea, Water,
      Danish, English, German, Norwegian, Swedish,
      Blue, Green, Red, White, Yellow,
      Blend, BlueMaster, Dunhill, PallMall, Prince,
      Bird, Cat, Dog, Horse, Zebra);
   type Test is (Drink, Person, Color, Smoke, Pet);
   type House is (One, Two, Three, Four, Five);
   type Street is array (Test'Range, House'Range) of Content;
   type Alley is access all Street;

   procedure Print (mat : Alley) is begin
      for H in House'Range loop
         Put(H'Img&": ");
         for T in Test'Range loop
            Put(T'Img&"="&mat(T,H)'Img&" ");
      end loop; New_Line; end loop;
   end Print;

   function FinalChecks (mat : Alley) return Boolean is
      function Diff (A, B : Content; CA , CB : Test) return Integer is begin
         for H1 in House'Range loop for H2 in House'Range loop
               if mat(CA,H1) = A and mat(CB,H2) = B then
                  return House'Pos(H1) - House'Pos(H2);
               end if;
         end loop; end loop;
      end Diff;
   begin
      if abs(Diff(Norwegian, Blue, Person, Color)) = 1
        and Diff(Green, White, Color, Color) = -1
        and abs(Diff(Horse, Dunhill, Pet, Smoke)) = 1
        and abs(Diff(Water, Blend, Drink, Smoke)) = 1
        and abs(Diff(Blend, Cat, Smoke, Pet)) = 1
      then return True;
      end if;
      return False;
   end FinalChecks;

   function Constrained (mat : Alley; atest : Natural) return Boolean is begin
      --  Tests seperated into levels for speed, not strictly necessary
      --  As such, the program finishes in around ~0.02s 
      case Test'Val (atest) is
         when Drink => --  Drink
            if mat (Drink, Three) /= Milk then return False; end if;
            return True;
         when Person => --  Drink+Person
            for H in House'Range loop
               if (mat(Person,H) = Norwegian and H /= One)
               or (mat(Person,H) = Danish and mat(Drink,H) /= Tea)
               then return False; end if;
            end loop;
            return True;
         when Color => --  Drink+People+Color
            for H in House'Range loop
               if (mat(Person,H) = English and mat(Color,H) /= Red)
               or (mat(Drink,H) = Coffee and mat(Color,H) /= Green)
               then return False; end if;
            end loop;
            return True;
         when Smoke => --  Drink+People+Color+Smoke
            for H in House'Range loop
               if (mat(Color,H) = Yellow and mat(Smoke,H) /= Dunhill)
               or (mat(Smoke,H) = BlueMaster and mat(Drink,H) /= Beer)
               or (mat(Person,H) = German and mat(Smoke,H) /= Prince)
               then return False; end if;
            end loop;
            return True;
         when Pet => --  Drink+People+Color+Smoke+Pet
            for H in House'Range loop
               if (mat(Person,H) = Swedish and mat(Pet,H) /= Dog)
               or (mat(Smoke,H) = PallMall and mat(Pet,H) /= Bird)
               then return False; end if;
            end loop;
            return FinalChecks(mat); --  Do the next-to checks
      end case;
   end Constrained;

   procedure Solve (mat : Alley; t, n : Natural) is
      procedure Swap (I, J : Natural) is
         temp : constant Content := mat (Test'Val (t), House'Val (J));
      begin
         mat (Test'Val (t), House'Val (J)) := mat (Test'Val (t), House'Val (I));
         mat (Test'Val (t), House'Val (I)) := temp;
      end Swap;
   begin
      if n = 1 and Constrained (mat, t) then --  test t passed
         if t < 4 then Solve (mat, t + 1, 5); --  Onto next test
         else Print (mat); return; --  Passed and t=4 means a solution
         end if;
      end if;
      for i in 0 .. n - 1 loop --  The permutations part
         Solve (mat, t, n - 1);
         if n mod 2 = 1 then Swap (0, n - 1);
         else Swap (i, n - 1); end if;
      end loop;
   end Solve;

   myStreet : aliased Street;
   myAlley : constant Alley := myStreet'Access;
begin
   for i in Test'Range loop for j in House'Range loop --  Init Matrix
      myStreet (i,j) := Content'Val(Test'Pos(i)*5 + House'Pos(j));
   end loop; end loop;
   Solve (myAlley, 0, 5); --  start at test 0 with 5 options
end Zebra;
Output:
ONE: DRINK=WATER PERSON=NORWEGIAN COLOR=YELLOW SMOKE=DUNHILL PET=CAT 
TWO: DRINK=TEA PERSON=DANISH COLOR=BLUE SMOKE=BLEND PET=HORSE 
THREE: DRINK=MILK PERSON=ENGLISH COLOR=RED SMOKE=PALLMALL PET=BIRD 
FOUR: DRINK=COFFEE PERSON=GERMAN COLOR=GREEN SMOKE=PRINCE PET=ZEBRA 
FIVE: DRINK=BEER PERSON=SWEDISH COLOR=WHITE SMOKE=BLUEMASTER PET=DOG

ALGOL 68

Attempts to find solutions using the rules.

BEGIN
    # attempt to solve Einstein's Riddle - the Zebra puzzle                     #
    INT unknown   = 0, same    = -1;
    INT english   = 1, swede   = 2, dane  = 3, norwegian   = 4, german = 5;
    INT dog       = 1, birds   = 2, cats  = 3, horse       = 4, zebra  = 5;
    INT red       = 1, green   = 2, white = 3, yellow      = 4, blue   = 5;
    INT tea       = 1, coffee  = 2, milk  = 3, beer        = 4, water  = 5;
    INT pall mall = 1, dunhill = 2, blend = 3, blue master = 4, prince = 5;
    []STRING nationality = ( "unknown", "english",   "swede",   "dane",   "norwegian",   "german" );
    []STRING animal      = ( "unknown", "dog",       "birds",   "cats",   "horse",       "ZEBRA"  );
    []STRING colour      = ( "unknown", "red",       "green",   "white",  "yellow",      "blue"   );
    []STRING drink       = ( "unknown", "tea",       "coffee",  "milk",   "beer",        "water"  );
    []STRING smoke       = ( "unknown", "pall mall", "dunhill", "blend",  "blue master", "prince" );
    MODE HOUSE = STRUCT( INT nationality, animal, colour, drink, smoke );
    # returns TRUE if a field in a house could be set to value, FALSE otherwise #
    PROC can set = ( INT field, INT value )BOOL: field = unknown OR value = same;
    # returns TRUE if the fields of house h could be set to those of            #
    #              suggestion s, FALSE otherwise                                #
    OP   XOR     = ( HOUSE h, HOUSE s )BOOL:
         (   can set( nationality OF h, nationality OF s ) AND can set( animal OF h, animal OF s )
         AND can set( colour      OF h, colour      OF s ) AND can set( drink  OF h, drink  OF s )
         AND can set( smoke       OF h, smoke       OF s )
         ) # XOR # ;
    # sets a field in a house to value if it is unknown                         #
    PROC setf    = ( REF INT field, INT value )VOID:
         IF field = unknown AND value /= same THEN field := value FI;
    # sets the unknown fields in house h to the non-same fields of suggestion s #
    OP   +:=     = ( REF HOUSE h, HOUSE s )VOID:
         ( setf( nationality OF h, nationality OF s ); setf( animal OF h, animal OF s )
         ; setf( colour      OF h, colour      OF s ); setf( drink  OF h, drink  OF s )
         ; setf( smoke       OF h, smoke       OF s )
         ) # +:= # ;
    # sets a field in a house to unknown if the value is not same               #
    PROC resetf  = ( REF INT field, INT value )VOID: IF value /= same THEN field := unknown FI;
    # sets fields in house h to unknown if the suggestion s is not same         #
    OP   -:=     = ( REF HOUSE h, HOUSE s )VOID:
         ( resetf( nationality OF h, nationality OF s ); resetf( animal OF h, animal OF s )
         ; resetf( colour      OF h, colour      OF s ); resetf( drink  OF h, drink  OF s )
         ; resetf( smoke       OF h, smoke       OF s )
         ) # -:= # ;
    # attempts a partial solution for the house at pos                          #
    PROC try = ( INT pos, HOUSE suggestion, PROC VOID continue )VOID:
         IF pos >= LWB house AND pos <= UPB house THEN
             IF house[ pos ] XOR suggestion THEN
                house[ pos ] +:= suggestion; continue; house[ pos ] -:= suggestion
             FI
         FI # try # ;
    # attempts a partial solution for the neighbours of a house                 #
    PROC left or right = ( INT pos, BOOL left, BOOL right, HOUSE neighbour suggestion
                         , PROC VOID continue )VOID:
         ( IF left  THEN try( pos - 1, neighbour suggestion, continue ) FI
         ; IF right THEN try( pos + 1, neighbour suggestion, continue ) FI
         ) # left or right # ;
    # attempts a partial solution for all houses and possibly their neighbours  #
    PROC any2 = ( REF INT number, HOUSE suggestion
                , BOOL left, BOOL right, HOUSE neighbour suggestion
                , PROC VOID continue )VOID:
         FOR pos TO UPB house DO
             IF house[ pos ] XOR suggestion THEN
                 number    := pos;
                 house[ number ] +:= suggestion;
                 IF NOT left AND NOT right THEN # neighbours not involved       #
                     continue
                 ELSE                           # try one or both neighbours    #
                     left or right( pos, left, right, neighbour suggestion, continue )
                 FI;
                 house[ number ] -:= suggestion
             FI
         OD # any2 # ;
    # attempts a partial solution for all houses                                #
    PROC any = ( HOUSE suggestion, PROC VOID continue )VOID:
         any2( LOC INT, suggestion, FALSE, FALSE, SKIP, continue );
    # find solution(s)                                                          #
    INT blend pos;
    INT solutions := 0;
    # There are five houses.                                                    #
    [ 1 : 5 ]HOUSE house;
    FOR h TO UPB house DO house[ h ] := ( unknown, unknown, unknown, unknown, unknown ) OD;
    # In the middle house they drink milk.                                      #
    drink       OF house[ 3 ] := milk;
    # The Norwegian lives in the first house.                                   #
    nationality OF house[ 1 ] := norwegian;
    # The Norwegian lives next to the blue house.                               #
    colour      OF house[ 2 ] := blue;
    # They drink coffee in the green house.                                     #
    # The green house is immediately to the left of the white house.            #
    any2( LOC INT,     ( same, same, green, coffee, same )
       ,  FALSE, TRUE, ( same, same, white, same,   same ), VOID:
      # In a house next to the house where they have a horse,                   #
      # they smoke Dunhill.                                                     #
      # In the yellow house they smoke Dunhill.                                 #
      any2( LOC INT,    ( same, horse, same,   same, same    )
          , TRUE, TRUE, ( same, same,  yellow, same, dunhill ), VOID:
        # The English man lives in the red house.                               #
        any( ( english, same, red, same, same ), VOID:
          # The man who smokes Blend lives in the house next to the             #
          # house with cats.                                                    #
          any2( blend pos,  ( same, same, same, same, blend )
              , TRUE, TRUE, ( same, cats, same, same, same  ), VOID:
            # They drink water in a house next to the house where               #
            # they smoke Blend.                                                 #
            left or right( blend pos, TRUE, TRUE, ( same, same, same, water, same ), VOID:
              # The Dane drinks tea.                                            #
              any( ( dane, same, same, tea, same ), VOID:
                # The man who smokes Blue Master drinks beer.                   #
                any( ( same, same, same, beer, blue master ), VOID:
                  # The Swede has a dog.                                        #
                  any( ( swede, dog, same, same, same ), VOID:
                    # The German smokes Prince.                                 #
                    any( ( german, same, same, same, prince ), VOID:
                      # The man who smokes Pall Mall has birds.                 #
                      any( ( same, birds, same, same, pall mall ), VOID:
                        # if we can place the zebra, we have a solution         #
                        any( ( same, zebra, same, same, same ), VOID:
                             ( solutions +:= 1;                                             
                               FOR h TO UPB house DO
                                 print( ( whole( h, 0 )
                                        , " ",  nationality[ 1 + nationality OF house[ h ] ]
                                        , ", ", animal     [ 1 + animal      OF house[ h ] ]
                                        , ", ", colour     [ 1 + colour      OF house[ h ] ]
                                        , ", ", drink      [ 1 + drink       OF house[ h ] ]
                                        , ", ", smoke      [ 1 + smoke       OF house[ h ] ]
                                        , newline
                                        )
                                      )
                               OD;
                               print( ( newline ) )
                             )
                           ) # zebra     #
                         ) # pall mall  #
                       ) # german      #
                     ) # swede        #
                   ) # beer          #
                 ) # dane           #
               ) # blend L/R       #
             ) # blend            #
           ) # red               #
         ) # horse              #
       ) # green               # ;
    print( ( "solutions: ", whole( solutions, 0 ), newline ) )
END
Output:
1 norwegian, cats, yellow, water, dunhill
2 dane, horse, blue, tea, blend
3 english, birds, red, milk, pall mall
4 german, ZEBRA, green, coffee, prince
5 swede, dog, white, beer, blue master

solutions: 1

AppleScript

on zebraPuzzle()
  -- From statement 10, the Norwegian lives in the first house,
  -- so from statement 15, the blue house must be the second one.
  -- From these and statements 5, 6, and 9, the green and white houses can only be the 4th & 5th,
  -- and the Englishman's red house (statement 2) must be the middle one, where (9) they drink
  -- milk. This only leaves the first house to claim the yellow colour and the Dunhill smokers
  -- (statement 8), which means the second house must have the the horse (statement 12).
  -- Initialise the house data accordingly.
  set mv to missing value
  set streetTemplate to {¬
    {resident:"Norwegian", colour:"yellow", pet:mv, drink:mv, smoke:"Dunhill"}, ¬
    {resident:mv, colour:"blue", pet:"horse", drink:mv, smoke:mv}, ¬
    {resident:"Englishman", colour:"red", pet:mv, drink:"milk", smoke:mv}, ¬
    {resident:mv, colour:"green", pet:mv, drink:"coffee", smoke:mv}, ¬
    {resident:mv, colour:"white", pet:mv, drink:mv, smoke:mv} ¬
      }
  
  -- Test all permutations of the remaining values.
  set solutions to {}
  set drinkPermutations to {{"beer", "water"}, {"water", "beer"}}
  set residentPermutations to {{"Swede", "Dane", "German"}, {"Swede", "German", "Dane"}, ¬
    {"Dane", "German", "Swede"}, {"Dane", "Swede", "German"}, ¬
    {"German", "Swede", "Dane"}, {"German", "Dane", "Swede"}}
  set petPermutations to {{"birds", "cats", "ZEBRA"}, {"birds", "ZEBRA", "cats"}, ¬
    {"cats", "ZEBRA", "birds"}, {"cats", "birds", "ZEBRA"}, ¬
    {"ZEBRA", "birds", "cats"}, {"ZEBRA", "cats", "birds"}}
  set smokePermutations to {{"Pall Mall", "Blend", "Blue Master"}, {"Pall Mall", "Blue Master", "Blend"}, ¬
    {"Blend", "Blue Master", "Pall Mall"}, {"Blend", "Pall Mall", "Blue Master"}, ¬
    {"Blue Master", "Pall Mall", "Blend"}, {"Blue Master", "Blend", "Pall Mall"}}
  repeat with residentPerm in residentPermutations
    -- Properties associated with resident.
    copy streetTemplate to sTemplate2
    set {r, OK} to {0, true}
    repeat with h in {2, 4, 5} -- House numbers with unknown residents.
      set thisHouse to sTemplate2's item h
      set r to r + 1
      set thisResident to residentPerm's item r
      if (thisResident is "Swede") then
        if (thisHouse's pet is not mv) then
          set OK to false
          exit repeat
        end if
        set thisHouse's pet to "dog"
      else if (thisResident is "Dane") then
        if (thisHouse's drink is not mv) then
          set OK to false
          exit repeat
        end if
        set thisHouse's drink to "tea"
      else
        set thisHouse's smoke to "Prince"
      end if
      set thisHouse's resident to thisResident
    end repeat
    -- Properties associated with cigarette brand.
    if (OK) then
      repeat with smokePerm in smokePermutations
        -- Fit in this permutation of smokes.
        copy sTemplate2 to sTemplate3
        set s to 0
        repeat with thisHouse in sTemplate3
          if (thisHouse's smoke is mv) then
            set s to s + 1
            set thisHouse's smoke to smokePerm's item s
          end if
        end repeat
        repeat with drinkPerm in drinkPermutations
          -- Try to fit this permutation of drinks.
          copy sTemplate3 to sTemplate4
          set {d, OK} to {0, true}
          repeat with h from 1 to 5
            set thisHouse to sTemplate4's item h
            if (thisHouse's drink is mv) then
              set d to d + 1
              set thisDrink to drinkPerm's item d
              if (((thisDrink is "beer") and (thisHouse's smoke is not "Blue Master")) or ¬
                ((thisDrink is "water") and not ¬
                  (((h > 1) and (sTemplate4's item (h - 1)'s smoke is "Blend")) or ¬
                    ((h < 5) and (sTemplate4's item (h + 1)'s smoke is "Blend"))))) then
                set OK to false
                exit repeat
              end if
              set thisHouse's drink to thisDrink
            end if
          end repeat
          if (OK) then
            repeat with petPerm in petPermutations
              -- Try to fit this permutation of pets.
              copy sTemplate4 to sTemplate5
              set {p, OK} to {0, true}
              repeat with h from 1 to 5
                set thisHouse to sTemplate5's item h
                if (thisHouse's pet is mv) then
                  set p to p + 1
                  set thisPet to petPerm's item p
                  if ((thisPet is "birds") and (thisHouse's smoke is not "Pall Mall")) or ¬
                    ((thisPet is "cats") and not ¬
                      (((h > 1) and (sTemplate5's item (h - 1)'s smoke is "Blend")) or ¬
                        ((h < 5) and (sTemplate5's item (h + 1)'s smoke is "Blend")))) then
                    set OK to false
                    exit repeat
                  end if
                  set thisHouse's pet to thisPet
                end if
              end repeat
              if (OK) then set end of solutions to sTemplate5
            end repeat
          end if
        end repeat
      end repeat
    end if
  end repeat
  
  set solutionCount to (count solutions)
  set owners to {}
  repeat with thisSolution in solutions
    repeat with thisHouse in thisSolution
      if (thisHouse's pet is "zebra") then
        set owners's end to thisHouse's resident
        exit repeat
      end if
    end repeat
  end repeat
  return {zebraOwners:owners, numberOfSolutions:solutionCount, solutions:solutions}
end zebraPuzzle

zebraPuzzle()
Output:
{zebraOwners:{"German"}, numberOfSolutions:1, solutions:{{{resident:"Norwegian", colour:"yellow", pet:"cats", drink:"water", smoke:"Dunhill"}, {resident:"Dane", colour:"blue", pet:"horse", drink:"tea", smoke:"Blend"}, {resident:"Englishman", colour:"red", pet:"birds", drink:"milk", smoke:"Pall Mall"}, {resident:"German", colour:"green", pet:"ZEBRA", drink:"coffee", smoke:"Prince"}, {resident:"Swede", colour:"white", pet:"dog", drink:"beer", smoke:"Blue Master"}}}}

AutoHotkey

See Dinesman's multiple-dwelling problem/AutoHotkey.

BBC BASIC

      REM The names (only used for printing the results):
      DIM Drink$(4), Nation$(4), Colr$(4), Smoke$(4), Animal$(4)
      Drink$()  = "Beer", "Coffee", "Milk", "Tea", "Water"
      Nation$() = "Denmark", "England", "Germany", "Norway", "Sweden"
      Colr$()   = "Blue", "Green", "Red", "White", "Yellow"
      Smoke$()  = "Blend", "BlueMaster", "Dunhill", "PallMall", "Prince"
      Animal$() = "Birds", "Cats", "Dog", "Horse", "Zebra"
      
      REM Some single-character tags:
      a$ = "A" : b$ = "B" : c$ = "C" : d$ = "D" : e$ = "E"
      
      REM BBC BASIC Doesn't have enumerations!
      Beer$=a$    : Coffee$=b$     : Milk$=c$    : Tea$=d$      : Water$=e$
      Denmark$=a$ : England$=b$    : Germany$=c$ : Norway$=d$   : Sweden$=e$
      Blue$=a$    : Green$=b$      : Red$=c$     : White$=d$    : Yellow$=e$
      Blend$=a$   : BlueMaster$=b$ : Dunhill$=c$ : PallMall$=d$ : Prince$=e$
      Birds$=a$   : Cats$=b$       : Dog$=c$     : Horse$=d$    : Zebra$=e$
      
      REM Create the 120 permutations of 5 objects:
      DIM perm$(120), x$(4) : x$() = a$, b$, c$, d$, e$
      REPEAT
        p% += 1
        perm$(p%) = x$(0)+x$(1)+x$(2)+x$(3)+x$(4)
      UNTIL NOT FNperm(x$())
      
      REM Express the statements as conditional expressions:
      ex2$ = "INSTR(Nation$,England$) = INSTR(Colr$,Red$)"
      ex3$ = "INSTR(Nation$,Sweden$) = INSTR(Animal$,Dog$)"
      ex4$ = "INSTR(Nation$,Denmark$) = INSTR(Drink$,Tea$)"
      ex5$ = "INSTR(Colr$,Green$+White$) <> 0"
      ex6$ = "INSTR(Drink$,Coffee$) = INSTR(Colr$,Green$)"
      ex7$ = "INSTR(Smoke$,PallMall$) = INSTR(Animal$,Birds$)"
      ex8$ = "INSTR(Smoke$,Dunhill$) = INSTR(Colr$,Yellow$)"
      ex9$ = "MID$(Drink$,3,1) = Milk$"
      ex10$ = "LEFT$(Nation$,1) = Norway$"
      ex11$ = "ABS(INSTR(Smoke$,Blend$)-INSTR(Animal$,Cats$)) = 1"
      ex12$ = "ABS(INSTR(Smoke$,Dunhill$)-INSTR(Animal$,Horse$)) = 1"
      ex13$ = "INSTR(Smoke$,BlueMaster$) = INSTR(Drink$,Beer$)"
      ex14$ = "INSTR(Nation$,Germany$) = INSTR(Smoke$,Prince$)"
      ex15$ = "ABS(INSTR(Nation$,Norway$)-INSTR(Colr$,Blue$)) = 1"
      ex16$ = "ABS(INSTR(Smoke$,Blend$)-INSTR(Drink$,Water$)) = 1"
      
      REM Solve:
      solutions% = 0
      TIME = 0
      FOR nation% = 1 TO 120
        Nation$ = perm$(nation%)
        IF EVAL(ex10$) THEN
          FOR colr% = 1 TO 120
            Colr$ = perm$(colr%)
            IF EVAL(ex5$) IF EVAL(ex2$) IF EVAL(ex15$) THEN
              FOR drink% = 1 TO 120
                Drink$ = perm$(drink%)
                IF EVAL(ex9$) IF EVAL(ex4$) IF EVAL(ex6$) THEN
                  FOR smoke% = 1 TO 120
                    Smoke$ = perm$(smoke%)
                    IF EVAL(ex14$) IF EVAL(ex13$) IF EVAL(ex16$) IF EVAL(ex8$) THEN
                      FOR animal% = 1 TO 120
                        Animal$ = perm$(animal%)
                        IF EVAL(ex3$) IF EVAL(ex7$) IF EVAL(ex11$) IF EVAL(ex12$) THEN
                          PRINT "House     Drink     Nation    Colour    Smoke     Animal"
                          FOR house% = 1 TO 5
                            PRINT ; house% ,;
                            PRINT Drink$(ASCMID$(Drink$,house%)-65),;
                            PRINT Nation$(ASCMID$(Nation$,house%)-65),;
                            PRINT Colr$(ASCMID$(Colr$,house%)-65),;
                            PRINT Smoke$(ASCMID$(Smoke$,house%)-65),;
                            PRINT Animal$(ASCMID$(Animal$,house%)-65)
                          NEXT
                          solutions% += 1
                        ENDIF
                      NEXT animal%
                    ENDIF
                  NEXT smoke%
                ENDIF
              NEXT drink%
            ENDIF
          NEXT colr%
        ENDIF
      NEXT nation%
      PRINT '"Number of solutions = "; solutions%
      PRINT "Solved in " ; TIME/100 " seconds"
      END
      
      DEF FNperm(x$())
      LOCAL i%, j%
      FOR i% = DIM(x$(),1)-1 TO 0 STEP -1
        IF x$(i%) < x$(i%+1) EXIT FOR
      NEXT
      IF i% < 0 THEN = FALSE
      j% = DIM(x$(),1)
      WHILE x$(j%) <= x$(i%) j% -= 1 : ENDWHILE
      SWAP x$(i%), x$(j%)
      i% += 1
      j% = DIM(x$(),1)
      WHILE i% < j%
        SWAP x$(i%), x$(j%)
        i% += 1
        j% -= 1
      ENDWHILE
      = TRUE

Output:

House     Drink     Nation    Colour    Smoke     Animal
1         Water     Norway    Yellow    Dunhill   Cats
2         Tea       Denmark   Blue      Blend     Horse
3         Milk      England   Red       PallMall  Birds
4         Coffee    Germany   Green     Prince    Zebra
5         Beer      Sweden    White     BlueMasterDog

Number of solutions = 1
Solved in 0.12 seconds

Bracmat

(     (English Swede Dane Norwegian German,)
      (red green white yellow blue,(red.English.))
      (dog birds cats horse zebra,(dog.?.Swede.))
      ( tea coffee milk beer water
      , (tea.?.?.Dane.) (coffee.?.green.?.)
      )
      ( "Pall Mall" Dunhill Blend "Blue Master" Prince
      ,   ("Blue Master".beer.?.?.?.)
          ("Pall Mall".?.birds.?.?.)
          (Dunhill.?.?.yellow.?.)
          (Prince.?.?.?.German.)
      )
      ( 1 2 3 4 5
      , (3.?.milk.?.?.?.) (1.?.?.?.?.Norwegian.)
      )
  : ?properties
& ( relations
  =   next leftOf
    .   ( next
        =   a b A B
          .   !arg:(?S,?A,?B)
            & !S:? (?a.!A) ?:? (?b.!B) ?
            & (!a+1:!b|!b+1:!a)
        )
      & ( leftOf
        =   a b A B
          .   !arg:(?S,?A,?B)
            & !S:? (?a.!A) ?:? (?b.!B) ?
            & !a+1:!b
        )
      &   leftOf
        $ (!arg,(?.?.?.green.?.),(?.?.?.white.?.))
      & next$(!arg,(Blend.?.?.?.?.),(?.?.cats.?.?.))
      &   next
        $ (!arg,(?.?.horse.?.?.),(Dunhill.?.?.?.?.))
      &   next
        $ (!arg,(?.?.?.?.Norwegian.),(?.?.?.blue.?.))
      & next$(!arg,(?.water.?.?.?.),(Blend.?.?.?.?.))
  )
& ( props
  =     a constraint constraints house houses
      , remainingToDo shavedToDo toDo value values z
    .   !arg:(?toDo.?shavedToDo.?house.?houses)
      & (   !toDo:(?values,?constraints) ?remainingToDo
          &   !values
            : (   ?a
                  ( %@?value
                  &   !constraints
                    : (   ?
                          ( !value
                          .   ?constraint
                            & !house:!constraint
                          )
                          ?
                      | ~(   ?
                             ( ?
                             .   ?constraint
                               & !house:!constraint
                             )
                             ?
                         | ? (!value.?) ?
                         )
                      )
                  )
                  ( ?z
                  &   props
                    $ ( !remainingToDo
                      . !shavedToDo (!a !z,!constraints)
                      . (!value.!house)
                      . !houses
                      )
                  )
              |   
                & relations$!houses
                & out$(Solution !houses)
              )
        |   !toDo:
          & props$(!shavedToDo...!house !houses)
        )
  )
& props$(!properties...)
& done
);

Output:

  Solution
  (4.Prince.coffee.zebra.green.German.)
  (1.Dunhill.water.cats.yellow.Norwegian.)
  (2.Blend.tea.horse.blue.Dane.)
  (5.Blue Master.beer.dog.white.Swede.)
  (3.Pall Mall.milk.birds.red.English.)
{!} done

C

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

enum HouseStatus { Invalid, Underfull, Valid };

enum Attrib { C, M, D, A, S };

// Unfilled attributes are represented by -1
enum Colors { Red, Green, White, Yellow, Blue };
enum Mans { English, Swede, Dane, German, Norwegian };
enum Drinks { Tea, Coffee, Milk, Beer, Water };
enum Animals { Dog, Birds, Cats, Horse, Zebra };
enum Smokes { PallMall, Dunhill, Blend, BlueMaster, Prince };


void printHouses(int ha[5][5]) {
    const char *color[] =  { "Red", "Green", "White", "Yellow", "Blue" };
    const char *man[] =    { "English", "Swede", "Dane", "German", "Norwegian" };
    const char *drink[] =  { "Tea", "Coffee", "Milk", "Beer", "Water" };
    const char *animal[] = { "Dog", "Birds", "Cats", "Horse", "Zebra" };
    const char *smoke[] =  { "PallMall", "Dunhill", "Blend", "BlueMaster", "Prince" };

    printf("%-10.10s%-10.10s%-10.10s%-10.10s%-10.10s%-10.10s\n",
           "House", "Color", "Man", "Drink", "Animal", "Smoke");

    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
        printf("%-10d", i);
        if (ha[i][C] >= 0)
            printf("%-10.10s", color[ha[i][C]]);
        else
            printf("%-10.10s", "-");
        if (ha[i][M] >= 0)
            printf("%-10.10s", man[ha[i][M]]);
        else
            printf("%-10.10s", "-");
        if (ha[i][D] >= 0)
            printf("%-10.10s", drink[ha[i][D]]);
        else
            printf("%-10.10s", "-");
        if (ha[i][A] >= 0)
            printf("%-10.10s", animal[ha[i][A]]);
        else
            printf("%-10.10s", "-");
        if (ha[i][S] >= 0)
            printf("%-10.10s\n", smoke[ha[i][S]]);
        else
            printf("-\n");
    }
}


int checkHouses(int ha[5][5]) {
    int c_add = 0, c_or = 0;
    int m_add = 0, m_or = 0;
    int d_add = 0, d_or = 0;
    int a_add = 0, a_or = 0;
    int s_add = 0, s_or = 0;

    // Cond 9: In the middle house they drink milk.
    if (ha[2][D] >= 0 && ha[2][D] != Milk)
        return Invalid;

    // Cond 10: The Norwegian lives in the first house.
    if (ha[0][M] >= 0 && ha[0][M] != Norwegian)
        return Invalid;

    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
        // Uniqueness tests.
        if (ha[i][C] >= 0) {
            c_add += (1 << ha[i][C]);
            c_or |= (1 << ha[i][C]);
        }
        if (ha[i][M] >= 0) {
            m_add += (1 << ha[i][M]);
            m_or |= (1 << ha[i][M]);
        }
        if (ha[i][D] >= 0) {
            d_add += (1 << ha[i][D]);
            d_or |= (1 << ha[i][D]);
        }
        if (ha[i][A] >= 0) {
            a_add += (1 << ha[i][A]);
            a_or |= (1 << ha[i][A]);
        }
        if (ha[i][S] >= 0) {
            s_add += (1 << ha[i][S]);
            s_or |= (1 << ha[i][S]);
        }

        // Cond 2: The English man lives in the red house.
        if ((ha[i][M] >= 0 && ha[i][C] >= 0) &&
            ((ha[i][M] == English && ha[i][C] != Red) || // Checking both
             (ha[i][M] != English && ha[i][C] == Red)))  // to make things quicker.
            return Invalid;

        // Cond 3: The Swede has a dog.
        if ((ha[i][M] >= 0 && ha[i][A] >= 0) &&
            ((ha[i][M] == Swede && ha[i][A] != Dog) ||
             (ha[i][M] != Swede && ha[i][A] == Dog)))
            return Invalid;

        // Cond 4: The Dane drinks tea.
        if ((ha[i][M] >= 0 && ha[i][D] >= 0) &&
            ((ha[i][M] == Dane && ha[i][D] != Tea) ||
             (ha[i][M] != Dane && ha[i][D] == Tea)))
            return Invalid;

        // Cond 5: The green house is immediately to the left of the white house.
        if ((i > 0 && ha[i][C] >= 0 /*&& ha[i-1][C] >= 0 */ ) &&
            ((ha[i - 1][C] == Green && ha[i][C] != White) ||
             (ha[i - 1][C] != Green && ha[i][C] == White)))
            return Invalid;

        // Cond 6: drink coffee in the green house.
        if ((ha[i][C] >= 0 && ha[i][D] >= 0) &&
            ((ha[i][C] == Green && ha[i][D] != Coffee) ||
             (ha[i][C] != Green && ha[i][D] == Coffee)))
            return Invalid;

        // Cond 7: The man who smokes Pall Mall has birds.
        if ((ha[i][S] >= 0 && ha[i][A] >= 0) &&
            ((ha[i][S] == PallMall && ha[i][A] != Birds) ||
             (ha[i][S] != PallMall && ha[i][A] == Birds)))
            return Invalid;

        // Cond 8: In the yellow house they smoke Dunhill.
        if ((ha[i][S] >= 0 && ha[i][C] >= 0) &&
            ((ha[i][S] == Dunhill && ha[i][C] != Yellow) ||
             (ha[i][S] != Dunhill && ha[i][C] == Yellow)))
            return Invalid;

        // Cond 11: The man who smokes Blend lives in the house next to the house with cats.
        if (ha[i][S] == Blend) {
            if (i == 0 && ha[i + 1][A] >= 0 && ha[i + 1][A] != Cats)
                return Invalid;
            else if (i == 4 && ha[i - 1][A] != Cats)
                return Invalid;
            else if (ha[i + 1][A] >= 0 && ha[i + 1][A] != Cats && ha[i - 1][A] != Cats)
                return Invalid;
        }

        // Cond 12: In a house next to the house where they have a horse, they smoke Dunhill.
        if (ha[i][S] == Dunhill) {
            if (i == 0 && ha[i + 1][A] >= 0 && ha[i + 1][A] != Horse)
                return Invalid;
            else if (i == 4 && ha[i - 1][A] != Horse)
                return Invalid;
            else if (ha[i + 1][A] >= 0 && ha[i + 1][A] != Horse && ha[i - 1][A] != Horse)
                return Invalid;
        }

        // Cond 13: The man who smokes Blue Master drinks beer.
        if ((ha[i][S] >= 0 && ha[i][D] >= 0) &&
            ((ha[i][S] == BlueMaster && ha[i][D] != Beer) ||
             (ha[i][S] != BlueMaster && ha[i][D] == Beer)))
            return Invalid;

        // Cond 14: The German smokes Prince
        if ((ha[i][M] >= 0 && ha[i][S] >= 0) &&
            ((ha[i][M] == German && ha[i][S] != Prince) ||
             (ha[i][M] != German && ha[i][S] == Prince)))
            return Invalid;

        // Cond 15: The Norwegian lives next to the blue house.
        if (ha[i][M] == Norwegian &&
            ((i < 4 && ha[i + 1][C] >= 0 && ha[i + 1][C] != Blue) ||
             (i > 0 && ha[i - 1][C] != Blue)))
            return Invalid;

        // Cond 16: They drink water in a house next to the house where they smoke Blend.
        if (ha[i][S] == Blend) {
            if (i == 0 && ha[i + 1][D] >= 0 && ha[i + 1][D] != Water)
                return Invalid;
            else if (i == 4 && ha[i - 1][D] != Water)
                return Invalid;
            else if (ha[i + 1][D] >= 0 && ha[i + 1][D] != Water && ha[i - 1][D] != Water)
                return Invalid;
        }

    }

    if ((c_add != c_or) || (m_add != m_or) || (d_add != d_or)
        || (a_add != a_or) || (s_add != s_or)) {
        return Invalid;
    }

    if ((c_add != 0b11111) || (m_add != 0b11111) || (d_add != 0b11111)
        || (a_add != 0b11111) || (s_add != 0b11111)) {
        return Underfull;
    }

    return Valid;
}


int bruteFill(int ha[5][5], int hno, int attr) {
    int stat = checkHouses(ha);
    if ((stat == Valid) || (stat == Invalid))
        return stat;

    int hb[5][5];
    memcpy(hb, ha, sizeof(int) * 5 * 5);
    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
        hb[hno][attr] = i;
        stat = checkHouses(hb);
        if (stat != Invalid) {
            int nexthno, nextattr;
            if (attr < 4) {
                nextattr = attr + 1;
                nexthno = hno;
            } else {
                nextattr = 0;
                nexthno = hno + 1;
            }

            stat = bruteFill(hb, nexthno, nextattr);
            if (stat != Invalid) {
                memcpy(ha, hb, sizeof(int) * 5 * 5);
                return stat;
            }
        }
    }

    // We only come here if none of the attr values assigned were valid.
    return Invalid;
}


int main() {
    int ha[5][5] = {{-1, -1, -1, -1, -1}, {-1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
                    {-1, -1, -1, -1, -1}, {-1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
                    {-1, -1, -1, -1, -1}};

    bruteFill(ha, 0, 0);
    printHouses(ha);

    return 0;
}
Output:
% gcc -Wall -O3 -std=c99 zebra.c -o zebra && time ./zebra
House     Color     Man       Drink     Animal    Smoke     
0         Yellow    Norwegian Water     Cats      Dunhill   
1         Blue      Dane      Tea       Horse     Blend     
2         Red       English   Milk      Birds     PallMall  
3         Green     German    Coffee    Zebra     Prince    
4         White     Swede     Beer      Dog       BlueMaster
./zebra  0.00s user 0.00s system 0% cpu 0.002 total

The execution time is too small to be reliably measured on my machine.

C Generated from Perl

I'll be the first to admit the following doesn't quite look like a C program. It's in fact in Perl, which outputs a C source, which in turn solves the puzzle. If you think this is long, wait till you see the C it writes.

#!/usr/bin/perl

use utf8;
no strict;

my (%props, %name, @pre, @conds, @works, $find_all_solutions);

sub do_consts {
	local $";
	for my $p (keys %props) {
		my @s = @{ $props{$p} };

		$" = ", ";
		print "enum { ${p}_none = 0, @s };\n";

		$" = '", "';
		print "const char *string_$p [] = { \"###\", \"@s\" };\n\n";
	}
	print "#define FIND_BY(p)	\\
int find_by_##p(int v) {		\\
int i;					\\
for (i = 0; i < N_ITEMS; i++)		\\
	if (house[i].p == v) return i;	\\
return -1; }\n";

	print "FIND_BY($_)" for (keys %props);

	local $" = ", ";
	my @k = keys %props;

	my $sl = 0;
	for (keys %name) {
		if (length > $sl) { $sl = length }
	}

	my $fmt = ("%".($sl + 1)."s ") x @k;
	my @arg = map { "string_$_"."[house[i].$_]" } @k;
	print << "SNIPPET";
int work0(void) {
	int i;
	for (i = 0; i < N_ITEMS; i++)
		printf("%d $fmt\\n", i, @arg);
	puts(\"\");
	return 1;
}
SNIPPET

}

sub setprops {
	%props = @_;
	my $l = 0;
	my @k = keys %props;
	for my $p (@k) {
		my @s = @{ $props{$p} };

		if ($l && $l != @s) {
			die "bad length @s";
		}
		$l = @s;
		$name{$_} = $p for @s;
	}
	local $" = ", ";
	print "#include <stdio.h>
#define N_ITEMS $l
struct item_t { int @k; } house[N_ITEMS] = {{0}};\n";
}

sub pair {NB.   h =.~.&> compose&.>~/y,<h

	my ($c1, $c2, $diff) = @_;
	$diff //= [0];
	$diff = [$diff] unless ref $diff;

	push @conds, [$c1, $c2, $diff];
}

sub make_conditions {
	my $idx = 0;
	my $return1 = $find_all_solutions ? "" : "return 1";
	print "
#define TRY(a, b, c, d, p, n)		\\
if ((b = a d) >= 0 && b < N_ITEMS) {	\\
	if (!house[b].p) {		\\
		house[b].p = c;		\\
		if (n()) $return1;	\\
		house[b].p = 0;		\\
	}}
";

	while (@conds) {
		my ($c1, $c2, $diff) = @{ pop @conds };
		my $p2 = $name{$c2} or die "bad prop $c2";

		if ($c1 =~ /^\d+$/) {
			push @pre, "house[$c1].$p2 = $c2;";
			next;
		}

		my $p1 = $name{$c1} or die "bad prop $c1";
		my $next = "work$idx";
		my $this = "work".++$idx;

		print "
/* condition pair($c1, $c2, [@$diff]) */
int $this(void) {
int a = find_by_$p1($c1);
int b = find_by_$p2($c2);
if (a != -1 && b != -1) {
switch(b - a) {
";
		print "case $_: " for @$diff;
		print "return $next(); default: return 0; }\n } if (a != -1) {";
		print "TRY(a, b, $c2, +($_), $p2, $next);" for @$diff;
		print " return 0; } if (b != -1) {";
		print "TRY(b, a, $c1, -($_), $p1, $next);" for @$diff;
		print "
return 0; }
/* neither condition is set; try all possibles */
for (a = 0; a < N_ITEMS; a++) {
if (house[a].$p1) continue;
house[a].$p1 = $c1;
";

		print "TRY(a, b, $c2, +($_), $p2, $next);" for @$diff;
		print " house[a].$p1 = 0; } return 0; }";
	}

	print "int main() { @pre return !work$idx(); }";
}

sub make_c {
	do_consts;
	make_conditions;
}

# ---- above should be generic for all similar puzzles ---- #

# ---- below: per puzzle setup ---- #
# property names and values
setprops (
	'nationality'	# Svensk n. a Swede, not a swede (kålrot).
			# AEnglisk (from middle Viking "Æŋløsåksen") n. a Brit.
		=> [ qw(Deutsch Svensk Norske Danske AEnglisk) ],
	'pet'	=> [ qw(birds dog horse zebra cats) ],
	'drink'	=> [ qw(water tea milk beer coffee) ],
	'smoke'	=> [ qw(dunhill blue_master prince blend pall_mall) ],
	'color'	=> [ qw(red green yellow white blue) ]
);

# constraints
pair(AEnglisk, red);
pair(Svensk, dog);
pair(Danske, tea);
pair(green, white, 1);	# "to the left of" can mean either 1 or -1: ambiguous
pair(coffee, green);
pair(pall_mall, birds);
pair(yellow, dunhill);
pair(2, milk);
pair(0, Norske);
pair(blend, cats, [-1, 1]);
pair(horse, dunhill, [-1, 1]);
pair(blue_master, beer);	# Nicht das Deutsche Bier trinken? Huh.
pair(Deutsch, prince);
pair(Norske, blue, [-1, 1]);
pair(water, blend, [-1, 1]);

# "zebra lives *somewhere* relative to the Brit".  It has no effect on
# the logic.  It's here just to make sure the code will insert a zebra
# somewhere in the table (after all other conditions are met) so the
# final print-out shows it. (the C code can be better structured, but
# meh, I ain't reading it, so who cares).
pair(zebra, AEnglisk, [ -4 .. 4 ]);

# write C code.  If it's ugly to you: I didn't write; Perl did.
make_c;

output (ran as perl test.pl | gcc -Wall -x c -; ./a.out):

0      dunhill         cats       yellow        water       Norske 
1        blend        horse         blue          tea       Danske 
2    pall_mall        birds          red         milk     AEnglisk 
3       prince        zebra        green       coffee      Deutsch 
4  blue_master          dog        white         beer       Svensk

C#

"Manual" solution (Norvig-style)

Works with: C# version 7+ (but easy to adapt to lower versions)

This is adapted from a solution to a similar problem by Peter Norvig in his Udacity course CS212, originally written in Python. This is translated from example python solution on exercism. This is a Generate-and-Prune Constraint Programming algorithm written with Linq. (See Benchmarks below)

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using static System.Console;

public enum Colour { Red, Green, White, Yellow, Blue }
public enum Nationality { Englishman, Swede, Dane, Norwegian,German }
public enum Pet { Dog, Birds, Cats, Horse, Zebra }
public enum Drink { Coffee, Tea, Milk, Beer, Water }
public enum Smoke { PallMall, Dunhill, Blend, BlueMaster, Prince}

public static class ZebraPuzzle
{
    private static (Colour[] colours, Drink[] drinks, Smoke[] smokes, Pet[] pets, Nationality[] nations) _solved;

    static ZebraPuzzle()
    {
        var solve = from colours in Permute<Colour>()  //r1 5 range
                    where (colours,Colour.White).IsRightOf(colours, Colour.Green) // r5
                    from nations in Permute<Nationality>()
                    where nations[0] == Nationality.Norwegian // r10
                    where (nations, Nationality.Englishman).IsSameIndex(colours, Colour.Red) //r2
                    where (nations,Nationality.Norwegian).IsNextTo(colours,Colour.Blue) // r15
                    from drinks in Permute<Drink>()
                    where drinks[2] == Drink.Milk //r9
                    where (drinks, Drink.Coffee).IsSameIndex(colours, Colour.Green) // r6
                    where (drinks, Drink.Tea).IsSameIndex(nations, Nationality.Dane) //r4
                    from pets in Permute<Pet>()
                    where (pets, Pet.Dog).IsSameIndex(nations, Nationality.Swede) // r3
                    from smokes in Permute<Smoke>()
                    where (smokes, Smoke.PallMall).IsSameIndex(pets, Pet.Birds) // r7
                    where (smokes, Smoke.Dunhill).IsSameIndex(colours, Colour.Yellow) // r8
                    where (smokes, Smoke.Blend).IsNextTo(pets, Pet.Cats) // r11
                    where (smokes, Smoke.Dunhill).IsNextTo(pets, Pet.Horse) //r12
                    where (smokes, Smoke.BlueMaster).IsSameIndex(drinks, Drink.Beer) //r13
                    where (smokes, Smoke.Prince).IsSameIndex(nations, Nationality.German) // r14
                    where (drinks,Drink.Water).IsNextTo(smokes,Smoke.Blend) // r16
                    select (colours, drinks, smokes, pets, nations);

        _solved = solve.First();
    }
    
    private static int IndexOf<T>(this T[] arr, T obj) => Array.IndexOf(arr, obj);

    private static bool IsRightOf<T, U>(this (T[] a, T v) right, U[] a, U v) => right.a.IndexOf(right.v) == a.IndexOf(v) + 1;

    private static bool IsSameIndex<T, U>(this (T[] a, T v)x, U[] a, U v) => x.a.IndexOf(x.v) == a.IndexOf(v);

    private static bool IsNextTo<T, U>(this (T[] a, T v)x, U[] a,  U v) => (x.a,x.v).IsRightOf(a, v) || (a,v).IsRightOf(x.a,x.v);

    // made more generic from https://codereview.stackexchange.com/questions/91808/permutations-in-c
    public static IEnumerable<IEnumerable<T>> Permutations<T>(this IEnumerable<T> values)
    {
        if (values.Count() == 1)
            return values.ToSingleton();

        return values.SelectMany(v => Permutations(values.Except(v.ToSingleton())),(v, p) => p.Prepend(v));
    }

    public static IEnumerable<T[]> Permute<T>() => ToEnumerable<T>().Permutations().Select(p=>p.ToArray());

    private static IEnumerable<T> ToSingleton<T>(this T item){ yield return item; }

    private static IEnumerable<T> ToEnumerable<T>() => Enum.GetValues(typeof(T)).Cast<T>();

    public static new String ToString()
    {
        var sb = new StringBuilder();
        sb.AppendLine("House Colour Drink    Nationality Smokes     Pet");
        sb.AppendLine("───── ────── ──────── ─────────── ────────── ─────");
        var (colours, drinks, smokes, pets, nations) = _solved;
        for (var i = 0; i < 5; i++)
            sb.AppendLine($"{i+1,5} {colours[i],-6} {drinks[i],-8} {nations[i],-11} {smokes[i],-10} {pets[i],-10}");
        return sb.ToString();
    }

    public static void Main(string[] arguments)
    {
        var owner = _solved.nations[_solved.pets.IndexOf(Pet.Zebra)];
        WriteLine($"The zebra owner is {owner}");
        Write(ToString());
        Read();
    }
}

Produces:

The zebra owner is German
House Colour Drink    Nationality Smokes     Pet
───── ────── ──────── ─────────── ────────── ─────
    1 Yellow Water    Norwegian   Dunhill    Cats
    2 Blue   Tea      Dane        Blend      Horse
    3 Red    Milk     Englishman  PallMall   Birds
    4 Green  Coffee   German      Prince     Zebra
    5 White  Beer     Swede       BlueMaster Dog

"Manual" solution (Combining Houses)

Works with: C# version 7+
Translation of: Scala

This is similar to the Scala solution although there are differences in how the rules are calculated and it keeps all the original constraints/rules rather than does any simplification of them.

This is a different type of generate-and-prune compared to Norvig. The Norvig solution generates each attribute for 5 houses, then prunes and repeats with the next attribute. Here all houses with possible attributes are first generated and pruned to 78 candidates. The second phase proceeds over the combination of 5 houses from that 78, generating and pruning 1 house at a time. (See Benchmarks below)

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

using static System.Console;

namespace ZebraPuzzleSolver
{
    public enum Colour { Red, Green, White, Yellow, Blue }
    public enum Nationality { Englishman, Swede, Dane, Norwegian, German }
    public enum Pet { Dog, Birds, Cats, Horse, Zebra }
    public enum Drink { Coffee, Tea, Milk, Beer, Water }
    public enum Smoke { PallMall, Dunhill, Blend, BlueMaster, Prince }

    public struct House
    {
        public Drink D { get; }
        public Colour C { get; }
        public Pet P { get; }
        public Nationality N { get; }
        public Smoke S { get; }

        House(Drink d, Colour c, Pet p, Nationality n, Smoke s) => (D, C, P, N, S) = (d, c, p, n, s);

        public static House Create(Drink d, Colour c, Pet p, Nationality n, Smoke s) => new House(d, c, p, n, s);

        public bool AllUnequal(House other) => D != other.D && C != other.C && P != other.P && N != other.N && S != other.S;

        public override string ToString() =>$"{C,-6} {D,-8} {N,-11} {S,-10} {P,-10}";
    }

    public static class LinqNoPerm
    {
        public static IEnumerable<T> ToEnumerable<T>() => Enum.GetValues(typeof(T)).Cast<T>();

        public static IEnumerable<House> FreeCandidates(this IEnumerable<House> houses, IEnumerable<House> picked) =>
            houses.Where(house => picked.All(house.AllUnequal));

       static Dictionary<Type, Func<House, dynamic, bool>> _eFn = new Dictionary<Type, Func<House, dynamic, bool>>
            { {typeof(Drink),(h,e)=>h.D==e},
              {typeof(Nationality),(h,e)=>h.N==e},
              {typeof(Colour),(h,e)=>h.C==e},
              {typeof(Pet),(h,e)=>h.P==e},
              {typeof(Smoke),(h, e)=>h.S==e}
            };

        public static bool IsNextTo<T, U>(this IEnumerable<House> hs,T t, U u) => hs.IsLeftOf(t,u) || hs.IsLeftOf(u, t);

        public static bool IsLeftOf<T, U>(this IEnumerable<House> hs, T left, U right) =>
            hs.Zip(hs.Skip(1), (l, r) => (_eFn[left.GetType()](l, left) && _eFn[right.GetType()](r, right))).Any(l => l);

        static House[] _solved;

        static LinqNoPerm()
        {
            var candidates =
                from colours in ToEnumerable<Colour>()
                from nations in ToEnumerable<Nationality>()
                from drinks in ToEnumerable<Drink>()
                from pets in ToEnumerable<Pet>()
                from smokes in ToEnumerable<Smoke>()
                where (colours == Colour.Red) == (nations == Nationality.Englishman) //r2
                where (nations == Nationality.Swede) == (pets == Pet.Dog) //r3
                where (nations == Nationality.Dane) == (drinks == Drink.Tea) //r4
                where (colours == Colour.Green) == (drinks == Drink.Coffee) //r6
                where (smokes == Smoke.PallMall) == (pets == Pet.Birds) //r7
                where (smokes == Smoke.Dunhill) == (colours == Colour.Yellow) // r8
                where (smokes == Smoke.BlueMaster) == (drinks == Drink.Beer) //r13
                where (smokes == Smoke.Prince) == (nations == Nationality.German) // r14
                select House.Create(drinks,colours,pets,nations, smokes);
            var members =
                from h1 in candidates
                where h1.N == Nationality.Norwegian //r10
                from h3 in candidates.FreeCandidates(new[] { h1 })
                where h3.D == Drink.Milk //r9
                from h2 in candidates.FreeCandidates(new[] { h1, h3 })
                let h123 = new[] { h1, h2, h3 }
                where h123.IsNextTo(Nationality.Norwegian, Colour.Blue) //r15
                where h123.IsNextTo(Smoke.Blend, Pet.Cats)//r11
                where h123.IsNextTo(Smoke.Dunhill, Pet.Horse) //r12
                from h4 in candidates.FreeCandidates(h123)
                from h5 in candidates.FreeCandidates(new[] { h1, h3, h2, h4 })
                let houses = new[] { h1, h2, h3, h4, h5 }
                where houses.IsLeftOf(Colour.Green, Colour.White) //r5
                select houses;
            _solved = members.First();
        }

        public static new String ToString()
        {
            var sb = new StringBuilder();

            sb.AppendLine("House Colour Drink    Nationality Smokes     Pet");
            sb.AppendLine("───── ────── ──────── ─────────── ────────── ─────");
            for (var i = 0; i < 5; i++)
                sb.AppendLine($"{i + 1,5} {_solved[i].ToString()}");
            return sb.ToString();
        }

        public static void Main(string[] arguments)
        {
            var owner = _solved.Where(h=>h.P==Pet.Zebra).Single().N;
            WriteLine($"The zebra owner is {owner}");
            Write(ToString());
            Read();
        }
    }
}

Produces

The zebra owner is German
House Colour Drink    Nationality Smokes     Pet
───── ────── ──────── ─────────── ────────── ─────
    1 Yellow Water    Norwegian   Dunhill    Cats
    2 Blue   Tea      Dane        Blend      Horse
    3 Red    Milk     Englishman  PallMall   Birds
    4 Green  Coffee   German      Prince     Zebra
    5 White  Beer     Swede       BlueMaster Dog

"Amb" solution

This uses the second version of the Amb C# class in the Amb challenge

Works with: C# version 7.1
using Amb;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using static System.Console;

static class ZebraProgram
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        var amb = new Amb.Amb();

        var domain = new[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
        var terms = new Dictionary<IValue<int>, string>();
        IValue<int> Term(string name)
        {
            var x = amb.Choose(domain);
            terms.Add(x, name);
            return x;
        };

        void IsUnequal(params IValue<int>[] values) =>amb.Require(() => values.Select(v => v.Value).Distinct().Count() == 5);
        void IsSame(IValue<int> left, IValue<int> right) => amb.Require(() => left.Value == right.Value);
        void IsLeftOf(IValue<int> left, IValue<int> right) => amb.Require(() => right.Value - left.Value == 1);
        void IsIn(IValue<int> attrib, int house) => amb.Require(() => attrib.Value == house);
        void IsNextTo(IValue<int> left, IValue<int> right) => amb.Require(() => Math.Abs(left.Value - right.Value) == 1);

        IValue<int> english = Term("Englishman"), swede = Term("Swede"), dane = Term("Dane"), norwegian = Term("Norwegian"), german = Term("German");
        IsIn(norwegian, 1);
        IsUnequal(english, swede, german, dane, norwegian);

        IValue<int> red = Term("red"), green = Term("green"), white = Term("white"), blue = Term("blue"), yellow = Term("yellow");
        IsUnequal(red, green, white, blue, yellow);
        IsNextTo(norwegian, blue);
        IsLeftOf(green, white);
        IsSame(english, red);

        IValue<int> tea = Term("tea"), coffee = Term("coffee"), milk = Term("milk"), beer = Term("beer"), water = Term("water");
        IsIn(milk, 3);
        IsUnequal(tea, coffee, milk, beer, water);
        IsSame(dane, tea);
        IsSame(green, coffee);

        IValue<int> dog = Term("dog"), birds = Term("birds"), cats = Term("cats"), horse = Term("horse"), zebra = Term("zebra");
        IsUnequal(dog, cats, birds, horse, zebra);
        IsSame(swede, dog);

        IValue<int> pallmall = Term("pallmall"), dunhill = Term("dunhill"), blend = Term("blend"), bluemaster = Term("bluemaster"),prince = Term("prince");
        IsUnequal(pallmall, dunhill, bluemaster, prince, blend);
        IsSame(pallmall, birds);
        IsSame(dunhill, yellow);
        IsNextTo(blend, cats);
        IsNextTo(horse, dunhill);
        IsSame(bluemaster, beer);
        IsSame(german, prince);
        IsNextTo(water, blend);

        if (!amb.Disambiguate())
        {
            WriteLine("No solution found.");
            Read();
            return;
        }

        var h = new List<string>[5];
        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
            h[i] = new List<string>();

        foreach (var (key, value) in terms.Select(kvp => (kvp.Key, kvp.Value)))
        {
            h[key.Value - 1].Add(value);
        }

        var owner = String.Concat(h.Where(l => l.Contains("zebra")).Select(l => l[0]));
        WriteLine($"The {owner} owns the zebra");

        foreach (var house in h)
        {
            Write("|");
            foreach (var attrib in house)
                Write($"{attrib,-10}|");
            Write("\n");
        }
        Read();
    }
}

Produces

The zebra owner is German
House Colour Drink    Nationality Smokes     Pet
───── ────── ──────── ─────────── ────────── ─────
    1 Yellow Water    Norwegian   Dunhill    Cats
    2 Blue   Tea      Dane        Blend      Horse
    3 Red    Milk     Englishman  PallMall   Birds
    4 Green  Coffee   German      Prince     Zebra
    5 White  Beer     Swede       BlueMaster Dog

"Automatic" solution

Works with: C# version 7
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Solvers;

using static System.Console;

static class ZebraProgram
{
    static ConstraintSystem _solver;

    static CspTerm IsLeftOf(this CspTerm left, CspTerm right) => _solver.Equal(1, right - left);
    static CspTerm IsInSameHouseAs(this CspTerm left, CspTerm right) => _solver.Equal(left, right);
    static CspTerm IsNextTo(this CspTerm left, CspTerm right) => _solver.Equal(1,_solver.Abs(left-right));
    static CspTerm IsInHouse(this CspTerm @this, int i) => _solver.Equal(i, @this);

    static (ConstraintSystem, Dictionary<CspTerm, string>) BuildSolver()
    {
        var solver = ConstraintSystem.CreateSolver();
        _solver = solver;
        var terms = new Dictionary<CspTerm, string>();
        
        CspTerm Term(string name)
        {
            CspTerm x = solver.CreateVariable(solver.CreateIntegerInterval(1, 5), name);
            terms.Add(x, name);
            return x;
        };

        CspTerm red = Term("red"), green = Term("green"), white = Term("white"), blue = Term("blue"), yellow = Term("yellow");
        CspTerm tea = Term("tea"), coffee = Term("coffee"), milk = Term("milk"), beer = Term("beer"), water = Term("water");
        CspTerm english = Term("Englishman"), swede = Term("Swede"), dane = Term("Dane"), norwegian = Term("Norwegian"), 
            german = Term("German");
        CspTerm dog = Term("dog"), birds = Term("birds"), cats = Term("cats"), horse = Term("horse"), zebra = Term("zebra");
        CspTerm pallmall = Term("pallmall"), dunhill = Term("dunhill"), blend = Term("blend"), bluemaster = Term("bluemaster"), 
            prince = Term("prince");

        solver.AddConstraints(
            solver.Unequal(english, swede, german, dane, norwegian),
            solver.Unequal(red, green, white, blue, yellow),
            solver.Unequal(dog, cats, birds, horse, zebra),
            solver.Unequal(pallmall, dunhill, bluemaster, prince, blend),
            solver.Unequal(tea, coffee, milk, beer, water),

            english.IsInSameHouseAs(red), //r2
            swede.IsInSameHouseAs(dog), //r3
            dane.IsInSameHouseAs(tea), //r4
            green.IsLeftOf(white), //r5
            green.IsInSameHouseAs(coffee), //r6
            pallmall.IsInSameHouseAs(birds), //r7
            dunhill.IsInSameHouseAs(yellow), //r8
            milk.IsInHouse(3), //r9
            norwegian.IsInHouse(1), //r10
            blend.IsNextTo(cats), //r11
            horse.IsNextTo(dunhill),// r12
            bluemaster.IsInSameHouseAs(beer), // r13
            german.IsInSameHouseAs(prince), // r14
            norwegian.IsNextTo(blue), //r15
            water.IsNextTo(blend) //r16
        );
        return (solver, terms);
    }

    static List<string>[] TermsToString(ConstraintSolverSolution solved, Dictionary<CspTerm, string> terms)
    {
        var h = new List<string>[5];
        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
            h[i] = new List<string>();

        foreach (var (key, value) in terms.Select(kvp => (kvp.Key, kvp.Value)))
        {
            if (!solved.TryGetValue(key, out object house))
                throw new InvalidProgramException("Can't find a term - {value} - in the solution");
            h[(int)house - 1].Add(value);
        }

        return h;
    }

    static new string ToString(List<string>[] houses)
    {
        var sb = new StringBuilder();
        foreach (var house in houses)
        {
            sb.Append("|");
            foreach (var attrib in house)
                sb.Append($"{attrib,-10}|");
            sb.Append("\n");
        }
        return sb.ToString();
    }

    public static void Main()
    {
        var (solver, terms) = BuildSolver();
        
        var solved = solver.Solve();

        if (solved.HasFoundSolution)
        {
            var h = TermsToString(solved, terms);

            var owner = String.Concat(h.Where(l => l.Contains("zebra")).Select(l => l[2]));
            WriteLine($"The {owner} owns the zebra");
            WriteLine();
            Write(ToString(h));
        }
        else
            WriteLine("No solution found.");
        Read();
    }
}

Produces:

The German owns the zebra

|yellow    |water     |Norwegian |cats      |dunhill   |
|blue      |tea       |Dane      |horse     |blend     |
|red       |milk      |Englishman|birds     |pallmall  |
|green     |coffee    |German    |zebra     |prince    |
|white     |beer      |Swede     |dog       |bluemaster|

Benchmarking the 3 solutions:

BenchmarkDotNet=v0.10.12, OS=Windows 10 Redstone 3 [1709, Fall Creators Update] (10.0.16299.192)
Intel Core i7-7500U CPU 2.70GHz (Kaby Lake), 1 CPU, 4 logical cores and 2 physical cores
Frequency=2835943 Hz, Resolution=352.6164 ns, Timer=TSC
  DefaultJob : .NET Framework 4.6.1 (CLR 4.0.30319.42000), 64bit RyuJIT-v4.7.2600.0

Method	Mean	Error	StdDev
Norvig	65.32 ms	1.241 ms	1.328 ms
Combin	93.62 ms	1.792 ms	1.918 ms
Solver  148.7 us	2.962 us	6.248 us

I think that it is Enums (not the use of dynamic in a dictionary, which is only called 8 times in Combine), and Linq query comprehensions (versus for loops) slow down the 2 non_solver solutions. A non-type-safe non-Enum int version of Combine (not posted here) runs at ~21ms, which is a nearly 5x speed up for that algo. (Not tried with Norvig). Regardless, learning and using the Solver class (and that solution already uses ints rather than enums) provides a dramatic x 100 + performance increase compared to the best manual solutions.

C++

This is a modification of the C submission that uses rule classes and reduces the number of permutations evaluated.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

#define defenum(name, val0, val1, val2, val3, val4) \
    enum name { val0, val1, val2, val3, val4 }; \
    const char *name ## _str[] = { # val0, # val1, # val2, # val3, # val4 }

defenum( Attrib,    Color, Man, Drink, Animal, Smoke );
defenum( Colors,    Red, Green, White, Yellow, Blue );
defenum( Mans,      English, Swede, Dane, German, Norwegian );
defenum( Drinks,    Tea, Coffee, Milk, Beer, Water );
defenum( Animals,   Dog, Birds, Cats, Horse, Zebra );
defenum( Smokes,    PallMall, Dunhill, Blend, BlueMaster, Prince );

void printHouses(int ha[5][5]) {
    const char **attr_names[5] = {Colors_str, Mans_str, Drinks_str, Animals_str, Smokes_str};

    printf("%-10s", "House");
    for (const char *name : Attrib_str) printf("%-10s", name);
    printf("\n");

    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
        printf("%-10d", i);
        for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++) printf("%-10s", attr_names[j][ha[i][j]]);
        printf("\n");
    }
}

struct HouseNoRule {
    int houseno;
    Attrib a; int v;
} housenos[] = {
    {2, Drink, Milk},     // Cond 9: In the middle house they drink milk.
    {0, Man, Norwegian}   // Cond 10: The Norwegian lives in the first house.
};

struct AttrPairRule {
    Attrib a1; int v1;
    Attrib a2; int v2;

    bool invalid(int ha[5][5], int i) {
        return (ha[i][a1] >= 0 && ha[i][a2] >= 0) &&
               ((ha[i][a1] == v1 && ha[i][a2] != v2) ||
                (ha[i][a1] != v1 && ha[i][a2] == v2));
    }
} pairs[] = {
    {Man, English,      Color, Red},     // Cond 2: The English man lives in the red house.
    {Man, Swede,        Animal, Dog},    // Cond 3: The Swede has a dog.
    {Man, Dane,         Drink, Tea},     // Cond 4: The Dane drinks tea.
    {Color, Green,      Drink, Coffee},  // Cond 6: drink coffee in the green house.
    {Smoke, PallMall,   Animal, Birds},  // Cond 7: The man who smokes Pall Mall has birds.
    {Smoke, Dunhill,    Color, Yellow},  // Cond 8: In the yellow house they smoke Dunhill.
    {Smoke, BlueMaster, Drink, Beer},    // Cond 13: The man who smokes Blue Master drinks beer.
    {Man, German,       Smoke, Prince}    // Cond 14: The German smokes Prince
};

struct NextToRule {
    Attrib a1; int v1;
    Attrib a2; int v2;

    bool invalid(int ha[5][5], int i) {
        return (ha[i][a1] == v1) &&
               ((i == 0 && ha[i + 1][a2] >= 0 && ha[i + 1][a2] != v2) ||
                (i == 4 && ha[i - 1][a2] != v2) ||
                (ha[i + 1][a2] >= 0 && ha[i + 1][a2] != v2 && ha[i - 1][a2] != v2));
    }
} nexttos[] = {
    {Smoke, Blend,      Animal, Cats},    // Cond 11: The man who smokes Blend lives in the house next to the house with cats.
    {Smoke, Dunhill,    Animal, Horse},   // Cond 12: In a house next to the house where they have a horse, they smoke Dunhill.
    {Man, Norwegian,    Color, Blue},     // Cond 15: The Norwegian lives next to the blue house.
    {Smoke, Blend,      Drink, Water}     // Cond 16: They drink water in a house next to the house where they smoke Blend.
};

struct LeftOfRule {
    Attrib a1; int v1;
    Attrib a2; int v2;

    bool invalid(int ha[5][5]) {
        return (ha[0][a2] == v2) || (ha[4][a1] == v1);
    }

    bool invalid(int ha[5][5], int i) {
        return ((i > 0 && ha[i][a1] >= 0) &&
                ((ha[i - 1][a1] == v1 && ha[i][a2] != v2) ||
                 (ha[i - 1][a1] != v1 && ha[i][a2] == v2)));
    }
} leftofs[] = {
    {Color, Green,  Color, White}     // Cond 5: The green house is immediately to the left of the white house.
};

bool invalid(int ha[5][5]) {
    for (auto &rule : leftofs) if (rule.invalid(ha)) return true;

    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
#define eval_rules(rules) for (auto &rule : rules) if (rule.invalid(ha, i)) return true;
        eval_rules(pairs);
        eval_rules(nexttos);
        eval_rules(leftofs);
    }
    return false;
}

void search(bool used[5][5], int ha[5][5], const int hno, const int attr) {
    int nexthno, nextattr;
    if (attr < 4) {
        nextattr = attr + 1;
        nexthno = hno;
    } else {
        nextattr = 0;
        nexthno = hno + 1;
    }

    if (ha[hno][attr] != -1) {
        search(used, ha, nexthno, nextattr);
    } else {
        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
            if (used[attr][i]) continue;
            used[attr][i] = true;
            ha[hno][attr] = i;

            if (!invalid(ha)) {
                if ((hno == 4) && (attr == 4)) {
                    printHouses(ha);
                } else {
                    search(used, ha, nexthno, nextattr);
                }
            }

            used[attr][i] = false;
        }
        ha[hno][attr] = -1;
    }
}

int main() {
    bool used[5][5] = {};
    int ha[5][5]; memset(ha, -1, sizeof(ha));

    for (auto &rule : housenos) {
        ha[rule.houseno][rule.a] = rule.v;
        used[rule.a][rule.v] = true;
    }

    search(used, ha, 0, 0);

    return 0;
}
Output:
$ g++ -O3 -std=c++11 zebra.cpp -o zebracpp && time ./zebracpp
House     Color     Man       Drink     Animal    Smoke     
0         Yellow    Norwegian Water     Cats      Dunhill   
1         Blue      Dane      Tea       Horse     Blend     
2         Red       English   Milk      Birds     PallMall  
3         Green     German    Coffee    Zebra     Prince    
4         White     Swede     Beer      Dog       BlueMaster

real	0m0.003s
user	0m0.000s
sys	0m0.000s

My measured time is slower than that posted for the original C code, but on my machine this C++ code is faster than the original C code.

Clojure

This solution uses the contributed package clojure.core.logic (with clojure.tools.macro), a mini-Kanren based logic solver. The solution is basically the one in Swannodette's logic tutorial, adapted to the problem statement here.

(ns zebra.core
  (:refer-clojure :exclude [==])
  (:use [clojure.core.logic]
        [clojure.tools.macro :as macro]))

(defne lefto [x y l]
       ([_ _ [x y . ?r]])
       ([_ _ [_ . ?r]] (lefto x y ?r)))

(defn nexto [x y l]
  (conde
    ((lefto x y l))
    ((lefto y x l))))

(defn zebrao [hs]
  (macro/symbol-macrolet [_ (lvar)]
    (all
      (== [_ _ _ _ _] hs)
      (membero ['englishman _ _ _ 'red] hs)
      (membero ['swede _ _ 'dog _] hs)
      (membero ['dane _ 'tea _ _] hs)
      (lefto [_ _ _ _ 'green] [_ _ _ _ 'white] hs)
      (membero [_ _ 'coffee _ 'green] hs)
      (membero [_ 'pallmall _ 'birds _] hs)
      (membero [_ 'dunhill _ _ 'yellow] hs)
      (== [_ _ [_ _ 'milk _ _] _ _ ] hs)
      (firsto hs ['norwegian _ _ _ _])
      (nexto [_ 'blend _ _ _] [_ _ _ 'cats _ ] hs)
      (nexto [_ _ _ 'horse _] [_ 'dunhill _ _ _] hs)
      (membero [_ 'bluemaster 'beer _ _] hs)
      (membero ['german 'prince _ _ _] hs)
      (nexto ['norwegian _ _ _ _] [_ _ _ _ 'blue] hs)
      (nexto [_ _ 'water _ _] [_ 'blend _ _ _] hs)
      (membero [_ _ _ 'zebra _] hs))))

(let [solns (run* [q] (zebrao q))
      soln (first solns)
      zebra-owner (->> soln (filter #(= 'zebra (% 3))) first (#(% 0)))]
  (println "solution count:" (count solns))
  (println "zebra owner is the" zebra-owner)
  (println "full solution (in house order):")
  (doseq [h soln] (println " " h)))
Output:
solution count: 1
zebra owner is the german
full solution (in house order):
  [norwegian dunhill water cats yellow]
  [dane blend tea horse blue]
  [englishman pallmall milk birds red]
  [german prince coffee zebra green]
  [swede bluemaster beer dog white]


Alternate solution (Norvig-style)

This is adapted from a solution to a similar problem by Peter Norvig in his Udacity course CS212, originally written in Python but equally applicable in any language with for-comprehensions.

(ns zebra
  (:require [clojure.math.combinatorics :as c]))

(defn solve []
  (let [arrangements (c/permutations (range 5))
        before? #(= (inc %1) %2)
        after? #(= (dec %1) %2)
        next-to? #(or (before? %1 %2) (after? %1 %2))]
    (for [[english swede dane norwegian german :as persons] arrangements
          :when (zero? norwegian)
          [red green white yellow blue :as colors] arrangements
          :when (before? green white)
          :when (= english red)
          :when (after? blue norwegian)
          [tea coffee milk beer water :as drinks] arrangements
          :when (= 2 milk)
          :when (= dane tea)
          :when (= coffee green)
          [pall-mall dunhill blend blue-master prince :as cigs] arrangements
          :when (= german prince)
          :when (= yellow dunhill)
          :when (= blue-master beer)
          :when (after? blend water)
          [dog birds cats horse zebra :as pets] arrangements
          :when (= swede dog)
          :when (= pall-mall birds)
          :when (next-to? blend cats)
          :when (after? horse dunhill)]
      (->> [[:english :swede :dane :norwegian :german]
            [:red :green :white :yellow :blue]
            [:tea :coffee :milk :beer :water]
            [:pall-mall :dunhill :blend :blue-master :prince]
            [:dog :birds :cats :horse :zebra]]
           (map zipmap [persons colors drinks cigs pets])))))


(defn -main [& _]
  (doseq [[[persons _ _ _ pets :as solution] i]
          (map vector (solve) (iterate inc 1))
          :let [zebra-house (some #(when (= :zebra (val %)) (key %)) pets)]]
    (println "solution" i)
    (println "The" (persons zebra-house) "owns the zebra.")
    (println "house nationality color   drink   cig          pet")
    (println "----- ----------- ------- ------- ------------ ------")
    (dotimes [i 5]
      (println (apply format "%5s %-11s %-7s %-7s %-12s %-6s"
                      (map #(% i) (cons inc solution)))))))
Output:
user=> (time (zebra/-main))
solution 1
The :german owns the zebra.
house nationality color   drink   cig          pet
----- ----------- ------- ------- ------------ ------
    1 :norwegian  :yellow :water  :dunhill     :cats 
    2 :dane       :blue   :tea    :blend       :horse
    3 :english    :red    :milk   :pall-mall   :birds
    4 :german     :green  :coffee :prince      :zebra
    5 :swede      :white  :beer   :blue-master :dog  
"Elapsed time: 10.555482 msecs"
nil

Crystal

Translation of: Ruby
CONTENT = {House:       [""],
           Nationality: %i[English Swedish Danish Norwegian German],
           Colour:      %i[Red Green White Blue Yellow],
           Pet:         %i[Dog Birds Cats Horse Zebra],
           Drink:       %i[Tea Coffee Milk Beer Water],
           Smoke:       %i[PallMall Dunhill BlueMaster Prince Blend]}

def adjacent?(n, i, g, e)
  (0..3).any? { |x| (n[x] == i && g[x + 1] == e) || (n[x + 1] == i && g[x] == e) }
end

def leftof?(n, i, g, e)
  (0..3).any? { |x| n[x] == i && g[x + 1] == e }
end

def coincident?(n, i, g, e)
  n.each_index.any? { |x| n[x] == i && g[x] == e }
end

def solve_zebra_puzzle
  CONTENT[:Nationality].each_permutation { |nation|
    next unless nation.first == :Norwegian # 10
    CONTENT[:Colour].each_permutation { |colour|
      next unless leftof?(colour, :Green, colour, :White)      # 5
      next unless coincident?(nation, :English, colour, :Red)  # 2
      next unless adjacent?(nation, :Norwegian, colour, :Blue) # 15
      CONTENT[:Pet].each_permutation { |pet|
        next unless coincident?(nation, :Swedish, pet, :Dog) # 3
        CONTENT[:Drink].each_permutation { |drink|
          next unless drink[2] == :Milk                           # 9
          next unless coincident?(nation, :Danish, drink, :Tea)   # 4
          next unless coincident?(colour, :Green, drink, :Coffee) # 6
          CONTENT[:Smoke].each_permutation { |smoke|
            next unless coincident?(smoke, :PallMall, pet, :Birds)    # 7
            next unless coincident?(smoke, :Dunhill, colour, :Yellow) # 8
            next unless coincident?(smoke, :BlueMaster, drink, :Beer) # 13
            next unless coincident?(smoke, :Prince, nation, :German)  # 14
            next unless adjacent?(smoke, :Blend, pet, :Cats)          # 11
            next unless adjacent?(smoke, :Blend, drink, :Water)       # 16
            next unless adjacent?(smoke, :Dunhill, pet, :Horse)       # 12
            print_out(nation, colour, pet, drink, smoke)
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
end

def print_out(nation, colour, pet, drink, smoke)
  width = CONTENT.map { |k, v| {k.to_s.size, v.max_of { |y| y.to_s.size }}.max }
  fmt = width.map { |w| "%-#{w}s" }.join(" ")
  national = nation[pet.index(:Zebra).not_nil!]
  puts "The Zebra is owned by the man who is #{national}", ""
  puts fmt % CONTENT.keys, fmt % width.map { |w| "-" * w }
  [nation, colour, pet, drink, smoke].transpose.each.with_index(1) { |x, n| puts fmt % ([n] + x) }
end

solve_zebra_puzzle

Curry

Works with: PAKCS
import Constraint (allC, anyC)
import Findall (findall)


data House  =  H Color Man Pet Drink Smoke

data Color  =  Red    | Green | Blue  | Yellow | White
data Man    =  Eng    | Swe   | Dan   | Nor    | Ger
data Pet    =  Dog    | Birds | Cats  | Horse  | Zebra
data Drink  =  Coffee | Tea   | Milk  | Beer   | Water
data Smoke  =  PM     | DH    | Blend | BM     | Prince


houses :: [House] -> Success
houses hs@[H1,_,H3,_,_] =                         --  1
    H  _ _ _ Milk _  =:=  H3                      --  9
  & H  _ Nor _ _ _   =:=  H1                      -- 10
  & allC (`member` hs)
  [ H  Red Eng _ _ _                              --  2
  , H  _ Swe Dog _ _                              --  3
  , H  _ Dan _ Tea _                              --  4
  , H  Green _ _ Coffee _                         --  6
  , H  _ _ Birds _ PM                             --  7
  , H  Yellow _ _ _ DH                            --  8
  , H  _ _ _ Beer BM                              -- 13
  , H  _ Ger _ _ Prince                           -- 14
  ]
  & H  Green _ _ _ _  `leftTo`  H  White _ _ _ _  --  5
  & H  _ _ _ _ Blend  `nextTo`  H  _ _ Cats _ _   -- 11
  & H  _ _ Horse _ _  `nextTo`  H  _ _ _ _ DH     -- 12
  & H  _ Nor _ _ _    `nextTo`  H  Blue _ _ _ _   -- 15
  & H  _ _ _ Water _  `nextTo`  H  _ _ _ _ Blend  -- 16
 where
    x `leftTo` y = _ ++ [x,y] ++ _ =:= hs
    x `nextTo` y = x `leftTo` y
                 ? y `leftTo` x


member :: a -> [a] -> Success
member = anyC . (=:=)


main = findall $ \(hs,who) -> houses hs & H _ who Zebra _ _ `member` hs
Output:

Using web interface.

Execution time: 180 msec. / elapsed: 180 msec.
[([H Yellow Nor Cats Water DH,H Blue Dan Horse Tea Blend,H Red Eng Birds Milk PM,H Green Ger Zebra Coffee Prince,H White Swe Dog Beer BM],Ger)]

D

Translation of: Ada

Most foreach loops in this program are static.

import std.stdio, std.traits, std.algorithm, std.math;

enum Content { Beer, Coffee, Milk, Tea, Water,
               Danish, English, German, Norwegian, Swedish,
               Blue, Green, Red, White, Yellow,
               Blend, BlueMaster, Dunhill, PallMall, Prince,
               Bird, Cat, Dog, Horse, Zebra }
enum Test { Drink, Person, Color, Smoke, Pet }
enum House { One, Two, Three, Four, Five }

alias TM = Content[EnumMembers!Test.length][EnumMembers!House.length];

bool finalChecks(in ref TM M) pure nothrow @safe @nogc {
  int diff(in Content a, in Content b, in Test ca, in Test cb)
  nothrow @safe @nogc {
    foreach (immutable h1; EnumMembers!House)
      foreach (immutable h2; EnumMembers!House)
        if (M[ca][h1] == a && M[cb][h2] == b)
          return h1 - h2;
    assert(0); // Useless but required.
  }

  with (Content) with (Test)
    return abs(diff(Norwegian, Blue, Person, Color)) == 1 &&
           diff(Green, White, Color, Color) == -1 &&
           abs(diff(Horse, Dunhill, Pet, Smoke)) == 1 &&
           abs(diff(Water, Blend, Drink, Smoke)) == 1 &&
           abs(diff(Blend, Cat, Smoke, Pet)) == 1;
}

bool constrained(in ref TM M, in Test atest) pure nothrow @safe @nogc {
  with (Content) with (Test) with (House)
    final switch (atest) {
      case Drink:
        return M[Drink][Three] == Milk;
      case Person:
        foreach (immutable h; EnumMembers!House)
          if ((M[Person][h] == Norwegian && h != One) ||
              (M[Person][h] == Danish && M[Drink][h] != Tea))
            return false;
        return true;
      case Color:
        foreach (immutable h; EnumMembers!House)
          if ((M[Person][h] == English && M[Color][h] != Red) ||
              (M[Drink][h] == Coffee && M[Color][h] != Green))
            return false;
        return true;
      case Smoke:
        foreach (immutable h; EnumMembers!House)
          if ((M[Color][h] == Yellow && M[Smoke][h] != Dunhill) ||
              (M[Smoke][h] == BlueMaster && M[Drink][h] != Beer) ||
              (M[Person][h] == German && M[Smoke][h] != Prince))
            return false;
        return true;
      case Pet:
        foreach (immutable h; EnumMembers!House)
          if ((M[Person][h] == Swedish && M[Pet][h] != Dog) ||
              (M[Smoke][h] == PallMall && M[Pet][h] != Bird))
            return false;
        return finalChecks(M);
    }
}

void show(in ref TM M) {
  foreach (h; EnumMembers!House) {
    writef("%5s: ", h);
    foreach (immutable t; EnumMembers!Test)
      writef("%10s ", M[t][h]);
    writeln;
  }
}

void solve(ref TM M, in Test t, in size_t n) {
  if (n == 1 && constrained(M, t)) {
    if (t < 4) {
      solve(M, [EnumMembers!Test][t + 1], 5);
    } else {
      show(M);
      return;
    }
  }
  foreach (immutable i; 0 .. n) {
    solve(M, t, n - 1);
    swap(M[t][n % 2 ? 0 : i], M[t][n - 1]);
  }
}

void main() {
  TM M;
  foreach (immutable t; EnumMembers!Test)
    foreach (immutable h; EnumMembers!House)
      M[t][h] = EnumMembers!Content[t * 5 + h];

  solve(M, Test.Drink, 5);
}
Output:
  One:      Water  Norwegian     Yellow    Dunhill        Cat 
  Two:        Tea     Danish       Blue      Blend      Horse 
Three:       Milk    English        Red   PallMall       Bird 
 Four:     Coffee     German      Green     Prince      Zebra 
 Five:       Beer    Swedish      White BlueMaster        Dog 

Run-time about 0.04 seconds.

Alternative Version

Translation of: Python

This requires the module of the first D entry from the Permutations Task.

import std.stdio, std.math, std.traits, std.typecons, std.typetuple, permutations1;

uint factorial(in uint n) pure nothrow @nogc @safe
in {
    assert(n <= 12);
} body {
    uint result = 1;
    foreach (immutable i; 1 .. n + 1)
        result *= i;
    return result;
}

enum Number { One,      Two,     Three,  Four,       Five   }
enum Color  { Red,      Green,   Blue,   White,      Yellow }
enum Drink  { Milk,     Coffee,  Water,  Beer,       Tea    }
enum Smoke  { PallMall, Dunhill, Blend,  BlueMaster, Prince }
enum Pet    { Dog,      Cat,     Zebra,  Horse,      Bird   }
enum Nation { British,  Swedish, Danish, Norvegian,  German }

enum size_t M = EnumMembers!Number.length;

auto nullableRef(T)(ref T item) pure nothrow @nogc {
    return NullableRef!T(&item);
}

bool isPossible(NullableRef!(immutable Number[M]) number,
                NullableRef!(immutable Color[M])  color=null,
                NullableRef!(immutable Drink[M])  drink=null,
                NullableRef!(immutable Smoke[M])  smoke=null,
                NullableRef!(immutable Pet[M])    pet=null) pure nothrow @safe @nogc {
  if ((!number.isNull && number[Nation.Norvegian] != Number.One) ||
      (!color.isNull  && color[Nation.British]    != Color.Red) ||
      (!drink.isNull  && drink[Nation.Danish]     != Drink.Tea) ||
      (!smoke.isNull  && smoke[Nation.German]     != Smoke.Prince) ||
      (!pet.isNull    && pet[Nation.Swedish]      != Pet.Dog))
    return false;

  if (number.isNull || color.isNull || drink.isNull || smoke.isNull ||
      pet.isNull)
    return true;

  foreach (immutable i; 0 .. M) {
    if ((color[i]  == Color.Green      && drink[i]  != Drink.Coffee) ||
        (smoke[i]  == Smoke.PallMall   && pet[i]    != Pet.Bird) ||
        (color[i]  == Color.Yellow     && smoke[i]  != Smoke.Dunhill) ||
        (number[i] == Number.Three     && drink[i]  != Drink.Milk) ||
        (smoke[i]  == Smoke.BlueMaster && drink[i]  != Drink.Beer)||
        (color[i]  == Color.Blue       && number[i] != Number.Two))
      return false;

    foreach (immutable j; 0 .. M) {
      if (color[i] == Color.Green && color[j] == Color.White &&
          number[j] - number[i] != 1)
        return false;

      immutable diff = abs(number[i] - number[j]);
      if ((smoke[i] == Smoke.Blend && pet[j]   == Pet.Cat       && diff != 1) ||
          (pet[i]   == Pet.Horse   && smoke[j] == Smoke.Dunhill && diff != 1) ||
          (smoke[i] == Smoke.Blend && drink[j] == Drink.Water   && diff != 1))
        return false;
    }
  }

  return true;
}

alias N = nullableRef; // At module level scope to be used with UFCS.

void main() {
  enum size_t FM = M.factorial;

  static immutable Number[M][FM] numberPerms = [EnumMembers!Number].permutations;
  static immutable Color[M][FM]  colorPerms =  [EnumMembers!Color].permutations;
  static immutable Drink[M][FM]  drinkPerms =  [EnumMembers!Drink].permutations;
  static immutable Smoke[M][FM]  smokePerms =  [EnumMembers!Smoke].permutations;
  static immutable Pet[M][FM]    petPerms =    [EnumMembers!Pet].permutations;

  // You can reduce the compile-time computations using four casts like this:
  // static colorPerms = cast(immutable Color[M][FM])numberPerms;

  static immutable Nation[M] nation = [EnumMembers!Nation];

  foreach (immutable ref number; numberPerms)
    if (isPossible(number.N))
      foreach (immutable ref color; colorPerms)
        if (isPossible(number.N, color.N))
          foreach (immutable ref drink; drinkPerms)
            if (isPossible(number.N, color.N, drink.N))
              foreach (immutable ref smoke; smokePerms)
                if (isPossible(number.N, color.N, drink.N, smoke.N))
                  foreach (immutable ref pet; petPerms)
                    if (isPossible(number.N, color.N, drink.N, smoke.N, pet.N)) {
                      writeln("Found a solution:");
                      foreach (x; TypeTuple!(nation, number, color, drink, smoke, pet))
                        writefln("%6s: %12s%12s%12s%12s%12s",
                                 (Unqual!(typeof(x[0]))).stringof,
                                 x[0], x[1], x[2], x[3], x[4]);
                      writeln;
                  }
}
Output:
Found a solution:
Nation:      British     Swedish      Danish   Norvegian      German
Number:        Three        Five         Two         One        Four
 Color:          Red       White        Blue      Yellow       Green
 Drink:         Milk        Beer         Tea       Water      Coffee
 Smoke:     PallMall  BlueMaster       Blend     Dunhill      Prince
   Pet:         Bird         Dog       Horse         Cat       Zebra

Run-time about 0.76 seconds with the dmd compiler.

Short Version

Translation of: PicoLisp

This requires the module of the second D entry from the Permutations Task.

void main() {
 import std.stdio, std.algorithm, permutations2;

 enum E { Red,      Green,   Blue,   White,      Yellow,
          Milk,     Coffee,  Water,  Beer,       Tea,
          PallMall, Dunhill, Blend,  BlueMaster, Prince,
          Dog,      Cat,     Zebra,  Horse,      Birds,
          British,  Swedish, Danish, Norvegian,  German }

 enum has =    (E[] a, E x,  E[] b, E y) => a.countUntil(x) == b.countUntil(y);
 enum leftOf = (E[] a, E x,  E[] b, E y) => a.countUntil(x) == b.countUntil(y) + 1;
 enum nextTo = (E[] a, E x,  E[] b, E y) => leftOf(a, x, b, y) || leftOf(b, y, a, x);

 with (E) foreach (houses; [Red, Blue, Green, Yellow, White].permutations)
  if (leftOf(houses, White, houses, Green))
   foreach (persons; [Norvegian, British, Swedish, German, Danish].permutations)
    if (has(persons, British, houses, Red) && persons[0] == Norvegian &&
        nextTo(persons, Norvegian, houses, Blue))
     foreach (drinks; [Tea, Coffee, Milk, Beer, Water].permutations)
      if (has(drinks, Tea, persons, Danish) &&
          has(drinks, Coffee, houses, Green) && drinks[$ / 2] == Milk)
       foreach (pets; [Dog, Birds, Cat, Horse, Zebra].permutations)
        if (has(pets, Dog, persons, Swedish))
         foreach (smokes; [PallMall, Dunhill, Blend, BlueMaster, Prince].permutations)
          if (has(smokes, PallMall, pets, Birds) &&
              has(smokes, Dunhill, houses, Yellow) &&
              nextTo(smokes, Blend, pets, Cat) &&
              nextTo(smokes, Dunhill, pets, Horse) &&
              has(smokes, BlueMaster, drinks, Beer) &&
              has(smokes, Prince, persons, German) &&
              nextTo(drinks, Water, smokes, Blend))
           writefln("%(%10s\n%)\n", [houses, persons, drinks, pets, smokes]);
}
Output:
[    Yellow,       Blue,        Red,      Green,      White]
[ Norvegian,     Danish,    British,     German,    Swedish]
[     Water,        Tea,       Milk,     Coffee,       Beer]
[       Cat,      Horse,      Birds,      Zebra,        Dog]
[   Dunhill,      Blend,   PallMall,     Prince, BlueMaster]

The run-time is 0.03 seconds or less.

EchoLisp

We use the amb library to solve the puzzle. The number of tries - calls to zebra-puzzle - is only 1900, before finding all solutions. Note that there are no declarations for things (cats, tea, ..) or categories (animals, drinks, ..) which are discovered when reading the constraints.

(lib 'hash)
(lib 'amb)

;; return #f or house# for thing/category 
;; houses := (0 1 2 3 4)
(define (house-get H  category thing houses)
        (for/or ((i houses)) #:continue (!equal? (hash-ref (vector-ref H i) category) thing)
        i))
        
 ;; return house # for thing (eg cat) in category (eq animals)
 ;; add thing if not already here
(define-syntax-rule (house-set thing category)
    	(or
    	 (house-get H 'category 'thing houses)
         (dispatch H 'category 'thing context houses )))
         
;; we know that thing/category is in a given house
(define-syntax-rule (house-force thing category house)
        (dispatch H 'category 'thing context houses  house))
        
;; return house# or fail if impossible
(define (dispatch H category thing  context houses  (forced #f))
        (define house (or forced  (amb context houses))) ;; get a house number
        (when (hash-ref (vector-ref H house) category) (amb-fail)) ;; fail if occupied
        (hash-set (vector-ref H house) category thing) ;; else remember house contents
        house)
        
(define (house-next h1 h2)
 	(amb-require (or (= h1 (1+ h2)) (= h1 (1- h2)))))
	
(define (zebra-puzzle context houses  )
    (define H (build-vector 5 make-hash)) ;; house[i] :=  hash(category) -> thing
; In the middle house they drink milk.
    (house-force milk drinks 2)
;The Norwegian lives in the first house.
    (house-force norvegian people 0)
;  The English man lives in the red house.
    (house-force red colors(house-set english people))
; The Swede has a dog.
    (house-force dog animals (house-set swede people))
;  The Dane drinks tea.
    (house-force tea drinks (house-set dane people))
;  The green house is immediately to the left of the white house.
   (amb-require (=   (house-set green colors) (1- (house-set white colors))))
;  They drink coffee in the green house.
    (house-force coffee drinks (house-set green colors))
;  The man who smokes Pall Mall has birds.
    (house-force birds  animals (house-set pallmall smoke))
;  In the yellow house they smoke Dunhill.
    (house-force dunhill smoke (house-set yellow colors))
;  The Norwegian lives next to the blue house.
    (house-next (house-set norvegian people) (house-set blue colors))
;  The man who smokes Blend lives in the house next to the house with cats.
    (house-next (house-set blend smoke) (house-set cats  animals))
; In a house next to the house where they have a horse, they smoke Dunhill.
    (house-next (house-set horse animals) (house-set dunhill smoke))
; The man who smokes Blue Master drinks beer.
    (house-force beer drinks (house-set bluemaster smoke))
; The German smokes Prince.
    (house-force prince smoke (house-set german people))
; They drink water in a house next to the house where they smoke Blend. 
    (house-next (house-set water drinks) (house-set blend smoke))

;; Finally .... the zebra 🐴
    (house-set 🐴 animals)
    
    (for ((i houses))
    (writeln i (hash-values (vector-ref H i))))
    (writeln '----------)
    
    (amb-fail) ;; will ensure ALL solutions are printed
)
Output:
(define (task)
    (amb-run zebra-puzzle  (amb-make-context) (iota 5)))

(task)
    
0     (norvegian yellow dunhill cats water)    
1     (dane tea blue blend horse)    
2     (milk english red pallmall birds)    
3     (green coffee german prince 🐴)    
4     (swede dog white bluemaster beer)    
----------    
   #f

Elixir

Translation of: Ruby
defmodule ZebraPuzzle do
  defp adjacent?(n,i,g,e) do
    Enum.any?(0..3, fn x ->
      (Enum.at(n,x)==i and Enum.at(g,x+1)==e) or (Enum.at(n,x+1)==i and Enum.at(g,x)==e)
    end)
  end
  
  defp leftof?(n,i,g,e) do
    Enum.any?(0..3, fn x -> Enum.at(n,x)==i and Enum.at(g,x+1)==e end)
  end
  
  defp coincident?(n,i,g,e) do
    Enum.with_index(n) |> Enum.any?(fn {x,idx} -> x==i and Enum.at(g,idx)==e end)
  end
  
  def solve(content) do
    colours = permutation(content[:Colour])
    pets    = permutation(content[:Pet])
    drinks  = permutation(content[:Drink])
    smokes  = permutation(content[:Smoke])
    Enum.each(permutation(content[:Nationality]), fn nation ->
      if hd(nation) == :Norwegian, do:                                      # 10
        Enum.each(colours, fn colour ->
          if leftof?(colour, :Green, colour, :White)      and               # 5
             coincident?(nation, :English, colour, :Red)  and               # 2
             adjacent?(nation, :Norwegian, colour, :Blue), do:              # 15
            Enum.each(pets, fn pet ->
              if coincident?(nation, :Swedish, pet, :Dog), do:              # 3
                Enum.each(drinks, fn drink ->
                  if Enum.at(drink,2) == :Milk                   and        # 9
                     coincident?(nation, :Danish, drink, :Tea)   and        # 4
                     coincident?(colour, :Green, drink, :Coffee), do:       # 6
                    Enum.each(smokes, fn smoke ->
                      if coincident?(smoke, :PallMall, pet, :Birds)    and  # 7
                         coincident?(smoke, :Dunhill, colour, :Yellow) and  # 8
                         coincident?(smoke, :BlueMaster, drink, :Beer) and  # 13
                         coincident?(smoke, :Prince, nation, :German)  and  # 14
                         adjacent?(smoke, :Blend, pet, :Cats)          and  # 11
                         adjacent?(smoke, :Blend, drink, :Water)       and  # 16
                         adjacent?(smoke, :Dunhill, pet, :Horse), do:       # 12
                        print_out(content, transpose([nation, colour, pet, drink, smoke]))
    end)end)end)end)end)
  end
  
  defp permutation([]), do: [[]]
  defp permutation(list) do
    for x <- list, y <- permutation(list -- [x]), do: [x|y]
  end
  
  defp transpose(lists) do
    List.zip(lists) |> Enum.map(&Tuple.to_list/1)
  end
  
  defp print_out(content, result) do
    width = for {k,v}<-content, do: Enum.map([k|v], &length(to_char_list &1)) |> Enum.max
    fmt = Enum.map_join(width, " ", fn w -> "~-#{w}s" end) <> "~n"
    nation = Enum.find(result, fn x -> :Zebra in x end) |> hd
    IO.puts "The Zebra is owned by the man who is #{nation}\n"
    :io.format fmt, Keyword.keys(content)
    :io.format fmt, Enum.map(width, fn w -> String.duplicate("-", w) end)
    fmt2 = String.replace(fmt, "s", "w", global: false)
    Enum.with_index(result)
    |> Enum.each(fn {x,i} -> :io.format fmt2, [i+1 | x] end)
  end
end

content = [ House:       '',
            Nationality: ~w[English Swedish Danish Norwegian German]a,
            Colour:      ~w[Red Green White Blue Yellow]a,
            Pet:         ~w[Dog Birds Cats Horse Zebra]a,
            Drink:       ~w[Tea Coffee Milk Beer Water]a,
            Smoke:       ~w[PallMall Dunhill BlueMaster Prince Blend]a ]

ZebraPuzzle.solve(content)
Output:
The Zebra is owned by the man who is German

House Nationality Colour Pet   Drink  Smoke
----- ----------- ------ ----- ------ ----------
1     Norwegian   Yellow Cats  Water  Dunhill
2     Danish      Blue   Horse Tea    Blend
3     English     Red    Birds Milk   PallMall
4     German      Green  Zebra Coffee Prince
5     Swedish     White  Dog   Beer   BlueMaster

Erlang

This solution generates all houses that fits the rules for single houses, then it checks multi-house rules. It would be faster to check multi-house rules while generating the houses. I have not added this complexity since the current program takes just a few seconds.

-module( zebra_puzzle ).

-export( [task/0] ).

-record( house, {colour, drink, nationality, number, pet, smoke} ).
-record( sorted_houses, {house_1s=[], house_2s=[], house_3s=[], house_4s=[], house_5s=[]} ).

task() ->
	Houses = [#house{colour=C, drink=D, nationality=N, number=Nr, pet=P, smoke=S} || C <- all_colours(), D <- all_drinks(), N <- all_nationalities(), Nr <- all_numbers(), P <- all_pets(), S <- all_smokes(), is_all_single_house_rules_ok(C, D, N, Nr, P, S)],
	Sorted_houses = lists:foldl( fun house_number_sort/2, #sorted_houses{}, Houses ),
	Streets = [[H1, H2, H3, H4, H5] || H1 <- Sorted_houses#sorted_houses.house_1s, H2 <- Sorted_houses#sorted_houses.house_2s, H3 <- Sorted_houses#sorted_houses.house_3s, H4 <- Sorted_houses#sorted_houses.house_4s, H5 <- Sorted_houses#sorted_houses.house_5s, is_all_multi_house_rules_ok(H1, H2, H3, H4, H5)],
	[Nationality] = [N || #house{nationality=N, pet=zebra} <- lists:flatten(Streets)],
	io:fwrite( "~p owns the zebra~n", [Nationality] ),
	io:fwrite( "All solutions ~p~n", [Streets] ),
	io:fwrite( "Number of solutions ~p~n", [erlang:length(Streets)] ).



all_colours() -> [blue, green, red, white, yellow].

all_drinks() -> [beer, coffe, milk, tea, water].

all_nationalities() -> [danish, english, german, norveigan, swedish].

all_numbers() -> [1, 2, 3, 4, 5].

all_pets() -> [birds, cats, dog, horse, zebra].

all_smokes() -> [blend, 'blue master', dunhill, 'pall mall', prince].

house_number_sort( #house{number=1}=House, #sorted_houses{house_1s=Houses_1s}=Sorted_houses ) -> Sorted_houses#sorted_houses{house_1s=[House | Houses_1s]};
house_number_sort( #house{number=2}=House, #sorted_houses{house_2s=Houses_2s}=Sorted_houses ) -> Sorted_houses#sorted_houses{house_2s=[House | Houses_2s]};
house_number_sort( #house{number=3}=House, #sorted_houses{house_3s=Houses_3s}=Sorted_houses ) -> Sorted_houses#sorted_houses{house_3s=[House | Houses_3s]};
house_number_sort( #house{number=4}=House, #sorted_houses{house_4s=Houses_4s}=Sorted_houses ) -> Sorted_houses#sorted_houses{house_4s=[House | Houses_4s]};
house_number_sort( #house{number=5}=House, #sorted_houses{house_5s=Houses_5s}=Sorted_houses ) -> Sorted_houses#sorted_houses{house_5s=[House | Houses_5s]}.

is_all_different( [_H] ) -> true;
is_all_different( [H | T] ) -> not lists:member( H, T ) andalso is_all_different( T ).

is_all_multi_house_rules_ok( House1, House2, House3, House4, House5 ) ->
	is_rule_1_ok( House1, House2, House3, House4, House5 )
	andalso is_rule_5_ok( House1, House2, House3, House4, House5 )
	andalso is_rule_11_ok( House1, House2, House3, House4, House5 )
	andalso is_rule_12_ok( House1, House2, House3, House4, House5 )
	andalso is_rule_15_ok( House1, House2, House3, House4, House5 )
	andalso is_rule_16_ok( House1, House2, House3, House4, House5 ).

is_all_single_house_rules_ok( Colour, Drink, Nationality, Number, Pet, Smoke ) ->
	is_rule_ok( {rule_number, 2}, {Nationality, english}, {Colour, red})
	andalso is_rule_ok( {rule_number, 3}, {Nationality, swedish}, {Pet, dog})
	andalso is_rule_ok( {rule_number, 4}, {Nationality, danish}, {Drink, tea})
	andalso is_rule_ok( {rule_number, 6}, {Drink, coffe}, {Colour, green})
	andalso is_rule_ok( {rule_number, 7}, {Smoke, 'pall mall'}, {Pet, birds})
	andalso is_rule_ok( {rule_number, 8}, {Colour, yellow}, {Smoke, dunhill})
	andalso is_rule_ok( {rule_number, 9}, {Number, 3}, {Drink, milk})
	andalso is_rule_ok( {rule_number, 10}, {Nationality, norveigan}, {Number, 1})
	andalso is_rule_ok( {rule_number, 13}, {Smoke, 'blue master'}, {Drink, beer})
	andalso is_rule_ok( {rule_number, 14}, {Nationality, german}, {Smoke, prince}).

is_rule_ok( _Rule_number, {A, A}, {B, B} ) -> true;
is_rule_ok( _Rule_number, _A, {B, B} ) -> false;
is_rule_ok( _Rule_number, {A, A}, _B ) -> false;
is_rule_ok( _Rule_number, _A, _B ) -> true.

is_rule_1_ok( #house{number=1}=H1,  #house{number=2}=H2,  #house{number=3}=H3,  #house{number=4}=H4,  #house{number=5}=H5  ) ->
	is_all_different( [H1#house.colour, H2#house.colour, H3#house.colour, H4#house.colour, H5#house.colour] )
	andalso is_all_different( [H1#house.drink, H2#house.drink, H3#house.drink, H4#house.drink, H5#house.drink] )
	andalso is_all_different( [H1#house.nationality, H2#house.nationality, H3#house.nationality, H4#house.nationality, H5#house.nationality] )
	andalso is_all_different( [H1#house.pet, H2#house.pet, H3#house.pet, H4#house.pet, H5#house.pet] )
	andalso is_all_different( [H1#house.smoke, H2#house.smoke, H3#house.smoke, H4#house.smoke, H5#house.smoke] );
is_rule_1_ok( _House1,  _House2,  _House3,  _House4,  _House5  ) -> false.

is_rule_5_ok( #house{colour=green},  #house{colour=white},  _House3,  _House4,  _House5  ) -> true;
is_rule_5_ok( _House1,  #house{colour=green},  #house{colour=white},  _House4,  _House5  ) -> true;
is_rule_5_ok( _House1,  _House2,  #house{colour=green},  #house{colour=white},  _House5  ) -> true;
is_rule_5_ok( _House1,  _House2,  _House3,  #house{colour=green},  #house{colour=white}  ) -> true;
is_rule_5_ok( _House1,  _House2,  _House3,  _House4,  _House5  ) -> false.

is_rule_11_ok( #house{smoke=blend},  #house{pet=cats},  _House3,  _House4,  _House5  ) -> true;
is_rule_11_ok( _House1,  #house{smoke=blend},  #house{pet=cats},  _House4,  _House5  ) -> true;
is_rule_11_ok( _House1,  _House2,  #house{smoke=blend},  #house{pet=cats},  _House5  ) -> true;
is_rule_11_ok( _House1,  _House2,  _House3,  #house{smoke=blend},  #house{pet=cats}  ) -> true;
is_rule_11_ok( #house{pet=cats},  #house{smoke=blend},  _House3,  _House4,  _House5  ) -> true;
is_rule_11_ok( _House1,  #house{pet=cats},  #house{smoke=blend},  _House4,  _House5  ) -> true;
is_rule_11_ok( _House1,  _House2,  #house{pet=cats},  #house{smoke=blend},  _House5  ) -> true;
is_rule_11_ok( _House1,  _House2,  _House3,  #house{pet=cats},  #house{smoke=blend}  ) -> true;
is_rule_11_ok( _House1,  _House2,  _House3,  _House4,  _House5  ) -> false.

is_rule_12_ok( #house{smoke=dunhill},  #house{pet=horse},  _House3,  _House4,  _House5  ) -> true;
is_rule_12_ok( _House1,  #house{smoke=dunhill},  #house{pet=horse},  _House4,  _House5  ) -> true;
is_rule_12_ok( _House1,  _House2,  #house{smoke=dunhill},  #house{pet=horse},  _House5  ) -> true;
is_rule_12_ok( _House1,  _House2,  _House3,  #house{smoke=dunhill},  #house{pet=horse}  ) -> true;
is_rule_12_ok( #house{pet=horse},  #house{smoke=dunhill},  _House3,  _House4,  _House5  ) -> true;
is_rule_12_ok( _House1,  #house{pet=horse},  #house{smoke=dunhill},  _House4,  _House5  ) -> true;
is_rule_12_ok( _House1,  _House2,  #house{pet=horse},  #house{smoke=dunhill},  _House5  ) -> true;
is_rule_12_ok( _House1,  _House2,  _House3,  #house{pet=horse},  #house{smoke=dunhill}  ) -> true;
is_rule_12_ok( _House1,  _House2,  _House3,  _House4,  _House5  ) -> false.

is_rule_15_ok( #house{nationality=norveigan},  #house{colour=blue},  _House3,  _House4,  _House5  ) -> true;
is_rule_15_ok( _House1,  #house{nationality=norveigan},  #house{colour=blue},  _House4,  _House5  ) -> true;
is_rule_15_ok( _House1,  _House2,  #house{nationality=norveigan},  #house{colour=blue},  _House5  ) -> true;
is_rule_15_ok( _House1,  _House2,  _House3,  #house{nationality=norveigan},  #house{colour=blue}  ) -> true;
is_rule_15_ok( #house{colour=blue},  #house{nationality=norveigan},  _House3,  _House4,  _House5  ) -> true;
is_rule_15_ok( _House1,  #house{colour=blue},  #house{nationality=norveigan},  _House4,  _House5  ) -> true;
is_rule_15_ok( _House1,  _House2,  #house{drink=water},  #house{nationality=norveigan},  _House5  ) -> true;
is_rule_15_ok( _House1,  _House2,  _House3,  #house{drink=water},  #house{nationality=norveigan}  ) -> true;
is_rule_15_ok( _House1,  _House2,  _House3,  _House4,  _House5  ) -> false.

is_rule_16_ok( #house{smoke=blend},  #house{drink=water},  _House3,  _House4,  _House5  ) -> true;
is_rule_16_ok( _House1,  #house{smoke=blend},  #house{drink=water},  _House4,  _House5  ) -> true;
is_rule_16_ok( _House1,  _House2,  #house{smoke=blend},  #house{drink=water},  _House5  ) -> true;
is_rule_16_ok( _House1,  _House2,  _House3,  #house{smoke=blend},  #house{drink=water}  ) -> true;
is_rule_16_ok( #house{drink=water},  #house{smoke=blend},  _House3,  _House4,  _House5  ) -> true;
is_rule_16_ok( _House1,  #house{drink=water},  #house{smoke=blend},  _House4,  _House5  ) -> true;
is_rule_16_ok( _House1,  _House2,  #house{drink=water},  #house{smoke=blend},  _House5  ) -> true;
is_rule_16_ok( _House1,  _House2,  _House3,  #house{drink=water},  #house{smoke=blend}  ) -> true;
is_rule_16_ok( _House1,  _House2,  _House3,  _House4,  _House5  ) -> false.
Output:
10> zebra_puzzle:task().
german owns the zebra
All solutions [[{house,yellow,water,norveigan,1,cats,dunhill},
                {house,blue,tea,danish,2,horse,blend},
                {house,red,milk,english,3,birds,'pall mall'},
                {house,green,coffe,german,4,zebra,prince},
                {house,white,beer,swedish,5,dog,'blue master'}]]
Number of solutions: 1

ERRE

PROGRAM ZEBRA_PUZZLE

DIM DRINK$[4],NATION$[4],COLR$[4],SMOKE$[4],ANIMAL$[4]
DIM PERM$[120],X$[4]

PROCEDURE PERMUTATION(X$[]->X$[],OK)
    LOCAL I%,J%
    FOR I%=UBOUND(X$,1)-1 TO 0 STEP -1 DO
       EXIT IF X$[I%]<X$[I%+1]
    END FOR
    IF I%<0 THEN OK=FALSE  EXIT PROCEDURE END IF
    J%=UBOUND(X$,1)
    WHILE X$[J%]<=X$[I%] DO
         J%=J%-1
    END WHILE
    SWAP(X$[I%],X$[J%])
    I%=I%+1
    J%=UBOUND(X$,1)
    WHILE I%<J% DO
        SWAP(X$[I%],X$[J%])
        I%=I%+1
        J%=J%-1
    END WHILE
    OK=TRUE
END PROCEDURE

BEGIN

! The names (only used for printing the results)

    DATA("Beer","Coffee","Milk","Tea","Water")
    DATA("Denmark","England","Germany","Norway","Sweden")
    DATA("Blue","Green","Red","White","Yellow")
    DATA("Blend","BlueMaster","Dunhill","PallMall","Prince")
    DATA("Birds","Cats","Dog","Horse","Zebra")

    FOR I%=0 TO 4 DO READ(DRINK$[I%])   END FOR
    FOR I%=0 TO 4 DO READ(NATION$[I%])  END FOR
    FOR I%=0 TO 4 DO READ(COLR$[I%])    END FOR
    FOR I%=0 TO 4 DO READ(SMOKE$[I%])   END FOR
    FOR I%=0 TO 4 DO READ(ANIMAL$[I%])  END FOR

! Some single-character tags:
    A$="A"  B$="B"  c$="C"  d$="D"  e$="E"

! ERRE doesn't have enumerations!
    Beer$=A$  Coffee$=B$  Milk$=c$  TeA$=d$  Water$=e$
    Denmark$=A$  England$=B$  Germany$=c$  Norway$=d$  Sweden$=e$
    Blue$=A$  Green$=B$  Red$=c$  White$=d$  Yellow$=e$
    Blend$=A$  BlueMaster$=B$  Dunhill$=c$  PallMall$=d$  Prince$=e$
    Birds$=A$  Cats$=B$  Dog$=c$  Horse$=d$  ZebrA$=e$

    PRINT(CHR$(12);)

! Create the 120 permutations of 5 objects:

    X$[0]=A$  X$[1]=B$  X$[2]=C$  X$[3]=D$  X$[4]=E$

    REPEAT
       P%=P%+1
       PERM$[P%]=X$[0]+X$[1]+X$[2]+X$[3]+X$[4]
       PERMUTATION(X$[]->X$[],OK)
    UNTIL NOT OK

! Solve:
    SOLUTIONS%=0
    T1=TIMER
    FOR NATION%=1 TO 120 DO
        NATION$=PERM$[NATION%]
        IF LEFT$(NATION$,1)=Norway$ THEN
             FOR COLR%=1 TO 120 DO
                COLR$=PERM$[COLR%]
                IF INSTR(COLR$,Green$+White$)<>0 AND INSTR(NATION$,England$)=INSTR(COLR$,Red$) AND ABS(INSTR(NATION$,Norway$)-INSTR(COLR$,Blue$))=1 THEN
                    FOR DRINK%=1 TO 120 DO
                       DRINK$=PERM$[DRINK%]
                       IF MID$(DRINK$,3,1)=Milk$ AND INSTR(NATION$,Denmark$)=INSTR(DRINK$,TeA$) AND INSTR(DRINK$,Coffee$)=INSTR(COLR$,Green$) THEN
                           FOR SmOKe%=1 TO 120 DO
                              SmOKe$=PERM$[SMOKE%]
                              IF INSTR(NATION$,Germany$)=INSTR(SmOKe$,Prince$) AND INSTR(SmOKe$,BlueMaster$)=INSTR(DRINK$,Beer$) AND ABS(INSTR(SmOKe$,Blend$)-INSTR(DRINK$,Water$))=1 AND INSTR(SmOKe$,Dunhill$)=INSTR(COLR$,Yellow$) THEN
                                  FOR ANIMAL%=1 TO 120 DO
                                     ANIMAL$=PERM$[ANIMAL%]
                                     IF INSTR(NATION$,Sweden$)=INSTR(ANIMAL$,Dog$) AND INSTR(SmOKe$,PallMall$)=INSTR(ANIMAL$,Birds$) AND ABS(INSTR(SmOKe$,Blend$)-INSTR(ANIMAL$,Cats$))=1 AND ABS(INSTR(SmOKe$,Dunhill$)-INSTR(ANIMAL$,Horse$))=1 THEN
                                         PRINT("House    Drink  Nation Colour Smoke  Animal")
                                         PRINT("---------------------------------------------------------------------------")
                                         FOR house%=1 TO 5 DO
                                            PRINT(house%;)
                                            PRINT(TAB(10);DRINK$[ASC(MID$(DRINK$,house%))-65];)
                                            PRINT(TAB(25);NATION$[ASC(MID$(NATION$,house%))-65];)
                                            PRINT(TAB(40);COLR$[ASC(MID$(COLR$,house%))-65];)
                                            PRINT(TAB(55);SMOKE$[ASC(MID$(SmOKe$,house%))-65];)
                                            PRINT(TAB(70);ANIMAL$[ASC(MID$(ANIMAL$,house%))-65])
                                         END FOR
                                         SOLUTIONS%=SOLUTIONS%+1
                                     END IF
                                  END FOR ! ANIMAL%
                              END IF
                           END FOR ! SmOKe%
                       END IF
                    END FOR ! DRINK%
                END IF
             END FOR ! COLR%
        END IF
    END FOR ! NATION%
    PRINT("Number of solutions=";SOLUTIONS%)
    PRINT("Solved in ";TIMER-T1;" seconds")
END PROGRAM
Output:
House    Drink  Nation Colour Smoke  Animal
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1       Water          Norway         Yellow         Dunhill        Cats
 2       Tea            Denmark        Blue           Blend          Horse
 3       Milk           England        Red            PallMall       Birds
 4       Coffee         Germany        Green          Prince         Zebra
 5       Beer           Sweden         White          BlueMaster     Dog
Number of solutions= 1
Solved in  .109375  seconds

F#

This task uses Permutations_by_swapping#F.23

(*Here I solve the Zebra puzzle using Plain Changes, definitely a challenge to some campanoligist to solve it using Grandsire Doubles.
  Nigel Galloway: January 27th., 2017 *)
type N = |English=0 |Swedish=1|Danish=2    |German=3|Norwegian=4
type I = |Tea=0     |Coffee=1 |Milk=2      |Beer=3  |Water=4
type G = |Dog=0     |Birds=1  |Cats=2      |Horse=3 |Zebra=4
type E = |Red=0     |Green=1  |White=2     |Blue=3  |Yellow=4
type L = |PallMall=0|Dunhill=1|BlueMaster=2|Prince=3|Blend=4
type NIGELz={Nz:N[];Iz:I[];Gz:G[];Ez:E[];Lz:L[]}
let fn (i:'n[]) g (e:'g[]) l =                            //coincident?
  let rec _fn = function
    |5                                -> false
    |ig when (i.[ig]=g && e.[ig]=l)   -> true
    |ig                               -> _fn (ig+1)
  _fn 0
let fi (i:'n[]) g (e:'g[]) l =                            //leftof?
  let rec _fn = function
    |4                                -> false
    |ig when (i.[ig]=g && e.[ig+1]=l) -> true
    |ig                               -> _fn (ig+1)
  _fn 0
let fg (i:'n[]) g (e:'g[]) l = (fi i g e l || fi e l i g) //adjacent?
let  n = Ring.PlainChanges [|for n in System.Enum.GetValues(typeof<N>)->n:?>N|]|>Seq.filter(fun n->n.[0]=N.Norwegian)         //#10
let  i = Ring.PlainChanges [|for n in System.Enum.GetValues(typeof<I>)->n:?>I|]|>Seq.filter(fun n->n.[2]=I.Milk)              //# 9
let  g = Ring.PlainChanges [|for n in System.Enum.GetValues(typeof<G>)->n:?>G|]
let  e = Ring.PlainChanges [|for n in System.Enum.GetValues(typeof<E>)->n:?>E|]|>Seq.filter(fun n->fi n E.Green n E.White)    //# 5
let  l = Ring.PlainChanges [|for n in System.Enum.GetValues(typeof<L>)->n:?>L|]
match n|>Seq.map(fun n->{Nz=n;Iz=[||];Gz=[||];Ez=[||];Lz=[||]})
       |>Seq.collect(fun n->i|>Seq.map(fun i->{n with Iz=i}))|>Seq.filter(fun n-> fn n.Nz N.Danish    n.Iz I.Tea)             //# 4
       |>Seq.collect(fun n->g|>Seq.map(fun i->{n with Gz=i}))|>Seq.filter(fun n-> fn n.Nz N.Swedish   n.Gz G.Dog)             //# 3
       |>Seq.collect(fun n->e|>Seq.map(fun i->{n with Ez=i}))|>Seq.filter(fun n-> fn n.Nz N.English   n.Ez E.Red   &&         //# 2
                                                                                  fn n.Ez E.Green     n.Iz I.Coffee&&         //# 6
                                                                                  fg n.Nz N.Norwegian n.Ez E.Blue)            //#15
       |>Seq.collect(fun n->l|>Seq.map(fun i->{n with Lz=i}))|>Seq.tryFind(fun n->fn n.Lz L.PallMall  n.Gz G.Birds &&         //# 7
                                                                                  fg n.Lz L.Blend     n.Gz G.Cats  &&         //#11
                                                                                  fn n.Lz L.Prince    n.Nz N.German&&         //#14
                                                                                  fg n.Lz L.Blend     n.Iz I.Water &&         //#16
                                                                                  fg n.Lz L.Dunhill   n.Gz G.Horse &&         //#12
                                                                                  fn n.Lz L.Dunhill   n.Ez E.Yellow&&         //# 8
                                                                                  fn n.Iz I.Beer      n.Lz L.BlueMaster) with //#13
|Some(nn) -> nn.Gz |> Array.iteri(fun n g -> if (g = G.Zebra) then printfn "\nThe man who owns a zebra is %A\n" nn.Nz.[n]); printfn "%A" nn
|None    -> printfn "No solution found"
Output:
The man who owns a zebra is German
 
{Nz = [|Norwegian; Danish; English; German; Swedish|];
 Iz = [|Water; Tea; Milk; Coffee; Beer|];
 Gz = [|Cats; Horse; Birds; Zebra; Dog|];
 Ez = [|Yellow; Blue; Red; Green; White|];
 Lz = [|Dunhill; Blend; PallMall; Prince; BlueMaster|];}

FormulaOne

// First, let's give some type-variables some values:
Nationality = Englishman | Swede   | Dane       | Norwegian | German 
Colour      = Red        | Green   | Yellow     | Blue      | White
Cigarette   = PallMall   | Dunhill | BlueMaster | Blend     | Prince
Domestic    = Dog        | Bird    | Cat        | Zebra     | Horse
Beverage    = Tea        | Coffee  | Milk       | Beer      | Water
HouseRow    = First      | Second  | Third      | Fourth    | Fifth 
 
{ 
We use injections to make the array-elements unique.
Example: 'Pet' is an array of unique elements of type 'Domestic', indexed by 'Nationality'. 
In the predicate 'Zebra', we use this injection 'Pet' to define the array-variable 'pet' 
as a parameter of the 'Zebra'-predicate.
The symbol used is the '->>'. 'Nationality->>Domestic' can be read as 'Domestic(Nationality)' 
in "plain array-speak";
the difference being that the elements are by definition unique (cf. 'injective function').
 
So, in FormulaOne we use a formula like: 'pet(Swede) = Dog', which simply means that the 'Swede' 
(type 'Nationality') has a 'pet' (type 'Pet', of type 'Domestic', indexed by 'Nationality'), 
which appears to be a 'Dog' (type 'Domestic'). 
Or, one could say that the 'Swede' has been mapped to the 'Dog' (Oh, well...).
}
 
Pet          = Nationality->>Domestic
Drink        = Nationality->>Beverage                             
HouseColour  = Nationality->>Colour
Smoke        = Nationality->>Cigarette
HouseOrder   = HouseRow->>Nationality 
 
pred Zebra(house_olour::HouseColour, pet::Pet, smoke::Smoke, drink::Drink, house_order::HouseOrder) iff
 
// For convenience sake, some temporary place_holder variables are used.
// An underscore distinguishes them:

     house_colour(green_house)     = Green      &
     house_colour(white_house)     = White      & 
     house_colour(yellow_house)    = Yellow     & 
     smoke(pallmall_smoker)        = PallMall   & 
     smoke(blend_smoker)           = Blend      & 
     smoke(dunhill_smoker)         = Dunhill    &  
     smoke(bluemaster_smoker)      = BlueMaster & 
     pet(cat_keeper)               = Cat        & 
     pet(neighbour_dunhill_smoker) = Horse      & 

{ 2. The English man lives in the red house: }
     house_colour(Englishman) = Red &
 
{ 3. The Swede has a dog: }
     pet(Swede) = Dog &     
 
{ 4. The Dane drinks tea: }
     drink(Dane) = Tea &  
 
    { 'smoke' and 'drink' are both nouns, like the other variables.
      One could read the formulas like: 'the colour of the Englishman's house is Red' ->
     'the Swede's pet is a dog' -> 'the Dane's drink is tea'.
    }
  
{ 5. The green house is immediately to the left of the white house.
     The local predicate 'LeftOf' (see below) determines the house order: }
     LeftOf(green_house, white_house, house_order) &  
 
{ 6. They drink coffee in the green house: }
     drink(green_house) = Coffee & 
 
{ 7. The man who smokes Pall Mall has birds: }
     pet(pallmall_smoker) = Bird &
 
{ 8. In the yellow house they smoke Dunhill: }
     smoke(yellow_house) = Dunhill & 
 
{ 9. In the middle house (third in the row) they drink milk: }
     drink(house_order(Third)) = Milk & 
 
{10. The Norwegian lives in the first house: }
     house_order(First) = Norwegian &  
 
{11. The man who smokes Blend lives in the house next to the house with cats.
     Another local predicate 'Neighbour' makes them neighbours: }
     Neighbour(blend_smoker, cat_keeper, house_order) & 
 
{12. In a house next to the house where they have a horse, they smoke Dunhill: }
     Neighbour(dunhill_smoker, neighbour_dunhill_smoker, house_order) &
 
{13. The man who smokes Blue Master drinks beer: }
     drink(bluemaster_smoker) = Beer &
 
{14. The German smokes Prince: }
     smoke(German) = Prince &
 
{15. The Norwegian lives next to the blue house 
     Cf. 10. "The Norwegian lives in the first house", so the blue house is the second house: }
     house_colour(house_order(Second)) = Blue & 
 
{16. They drink water in a house next to the house where they smoke Blend: }
     drink(neighbour_blend_smoker) = Water & 
     Neighbour(blend_smoker, neighbour_blend_smoker, house_order)  
 
{  A simplified solution would number the houses 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
   which makes it easier to order the houses.
   'right in the center' would become 3; 'in the first house', 1
   But we stick to the original puzzle and use some local predicates.
}
 
local pred Neighbour(neighbour1::Nationality, neighbour2::Nationality, house_order::HouseOrder)iff
   neighbour1 <> neighbour2 &
   house_order(house1) = neighbour1 & 
   house_order(house2) = neighbour2 & 
   ( house1 = house2 + 1 | 
     house1 = house2 - 1 ) 
 
local pred LeftOf(neighbour1::Nationality, neighbour2::Nationality, house_order::HouseOrder) iff 
   neighbour1 <> neighbour2 &
   house_order(house1) = neighbour1 & 
   house_order(house2) = neighbour2 & 
   house1 = house2 - 1 
 
{ 
The 'all'-query in FormulaOne:
     all Zebra(house_colour, pet, smokes, drinks, house_order) 
gives, of course, only one solution, so it can be replaced by:
     one Zebra(house_colour, pet, smokes, drinks, house_order)
}
 
// The compacted version:
 
Nationality = Englishman | Swede   | Dane       | Norwegian | German 
Colour      = Red        | Green   | Yellow     | Blue      | White
Cigarette   = PallMall   | Dunhill | BlueMaster | Blend     | Prince
Domestic    = Dog        | Bird    | Cat        | Zebra     | Horse
Beverage    = Tea        | Coffee  | Milk       | Beer      | Water
HouseRow    = First      | Second  | Third      | Fourth    | Fifth 
 
Pet          = Nationality->>Domestic
Drink        = Nationality->>Beverage                             
HouseColour  = Nationality->>Colour
Smoke        = Nationality->>Cigarette
HouseOrder   = HouseRow->>Nationality 

pred Zebra(house_colour::HouseColour, pet::Pet, smoke::Smoke, drink::Drink, house_order::HouseOrder) iff

  house-colour(green_house) = Green &
  house-colour(white_house) = White & 
  house-colour(yellow_house) = Yellow & 
  smoke(pallmall_smoker) = PallMall & 
  smoke(blend_smoker) = Blend & 
  smoke(dunhill_smoker) = Dunhill &  
  smoke(bluemaster_smoker) = BlueMaster & 
  pet(cat_keeper) = Cat & 
  pet(neighbour_dunhill_smoker) = Horse & 
  house_colour(Englishman) = Red &
  pet(Swede) = Dog &     
  drink(Dane) = Tea &  
  LeftOf(green_house, white_house, house_order) &  
  drink(green_house) = Coffee & 
  pet(pallmall_smoker) = Bird &
  smoke(yellow_house) = Dunhill & 
  drink(house_order(Third)) = Milk & 
  house_order(First) = Norwegian &  
  Neighbour(blend_smoker, cat_keeper, house_order) & 
  Neighbour(dunhill_smoker, neighbour_dunhill_smoker, house_order) &
  drink(bluemaster_smoker) = Beer &
  smoke(German) = Prince & 
  house_colour(house_order(Second)) = Blue &
  drink(neighbour_blend_smoker) = Water & 
  Neighbour(blend_smoker, neighbour_blend_smoker, house_order)  
 
local pred Neighbour(neighbour1::Nationality, neighbour2::Nationality, house_order::HouseOrder)iff
   neighbour1 <> neighbour2 & 
   house_order(house1) = neighbour1 & house_order(house2) = neighbour2 & 
   ( house1 = house2 + 1 | house1 = house2 - 1 ) 
 
local pred LeftOf(neighbour1::Nationality, neighbour2::Nationality, house_::HouseOrder) iff 
   neighbour1 <> neighbour2 &
   house_order(house1) = neighbour1 & house_order(house2) = neighbour2 & 
   house1 = house2 - 1
Output:
house_colour = [ {Englishman} Red, {Swede} White, {Dane} Blue, {Norwegian} Yellow, {German} Green ]
pet = [ {Englishman} Birds, {Swede} Dog, {Dane} Horse, {Norwegian} Cats, {German} Zebra ]  
smokes = [ {Englishman} PallMall, {Swede} BlueMaster, {Dane} Blend, {Norwegian} Dunhill, {German} Prince ] 
drinks = [ {Englishman} Milk, {Swede} Beer, {Dane} Tea, {Norwegian} Water, {German} Coffee ]
house_order = [ {First} Norwegian, {Second} Dane, {Third} Englishman, {Fourth} German, {Fifth}, Swede ] 

FreeBASIC

Translation of: VBA
Enum attr
    Colour = 1
    Nationality
    Beverage
    Smoke
    Pet
End Enum

Enum Drinks_
    Beer = 1
    Coffee
    Milk
    Tea
    Water
End Enum

Enum nations
    Danish = 1
    English
    German
    Norwegian
    Swedish
End Enum

Enum colors
    Blue = 1
    Green
    Red
    White
    Yellow
End Enum

Enum tobaccos
    Blend = 1
    BlueMaster
    Dunhill
    PallMall
    Prince
End Enum

Enum animals
    Bird = 1
    Cat
    Dog
    Horse
    Zebra
End Enum

Const factorial5 = 120
Dim Shared As String permutation(120), perm(5)
Dim Shared As String Colours(5), Nationalities(5), Drinks(5), Smokes(5), Pets(5)
Dim Shared As Integer index

Sub generate(n As Integer, A() As Integer)
    Dim As Integer i
    If n = 1 Then
        Dim tmp As String = ""
        For i = 1 To 5
            tmp &= Str(A(i)) & " "
        Next i
        permutation(index) = tmp
        index += 1
    Else
        For i = 1 To n
            generate(n - 1, A())
            If n Mod 2 = 0 Then
                Swap A(i), A(n)
            Else
                Swap A(1), A(n)
            End If
        Next i
    End If
End Sub

Function house(i As Integer, nombre As Integer) As Integer
    For x As Integer = 1 To 5
        If Val(Mid(perm(i), x * 2 - 1, 1)) = nombre Then Return x
    Next x
    Return 0
End Function

Function left_of(h1 As Integer, h2 As Integer) As Boolean
    Return (h1 - h2) = -1
End Function

Function next_to(h1 As Integer, h2 As Integer) As Boolean
    Return Abs(h1 - h2) = 1
End Function

Sub print_house(i As Integer)
    Print Using "####: "; i; 
    Print Using "\    \  \       \  \    \  \       \  \    \"; _
    Colours(Val(Mid(perm(Colour), i * 2 - 1, 1))); _
    Nationalities(Val(Mid(perm(Nationality), i * 2 - 1, 1))); _
    Drinks(Val(Mid(perm(Beverage), i * 2 - 1, 1))); _
    Smokes(Val(Mid(perm(Smoke), i * 2 - 1, 1))); _
    Pets(Val(Mid(perm(Pet), i * 2 - 1, 1)))
End Sub

Sub Zebra_puzzle()
    Colours(1) = "blue": Colours(2) = "green": Colours(3) = "red": Colours(4) = "white": Colours(5) = "yellow"
    Nationalities(1) = "Dane": Nationalities(2) = "English": Nationalities(3) = "German": Nationalities(4) = "Norwegian": Nationalities(5) = "Swede"
    Drinks(1) = "beer": Drinks(2) = "coffee": Drinks(3) = "milk": Drinks(4) = "tea": Drinks(5) = "water"
    Smokes(1) = "Blend": Smokes(2) = "Blue Master": Smokes(3) = "Dunhill": Smokes(4) = "Pall Mall": Smokes(5) = "Prince"
    Pets(1) = "birds": Pets(2) = "cats": Pets(3) = "dog": Pets(4) = "horse": Pets(5) = "zebra"
    
    Dim As String solperms(120, 5)
    Dim As Integer solutions, i, c, n, d, s, p, j
    Dim As Integer b(5)
    For i = 1 To 5: b(i) = i: Next
    'There are five houses.
    index = 0
    generate(5, b())
    For c = 0 To factorial5 - 1
        perm(Colour) = permutation(c)
        'The green house is immediately to the left of the white house.
        If left_of(house(Colour, Green), house(Colour, White)) Then
            For n = 0 To factorial5 - 1
                perm(Nationality) = permutation(n)
                'The Norwegian lives in the first house.
                'The English man lives in the red house.
                'The Norwegian lives next to the blue house.
                If house(Nationality, Norwegian) = 1 _
                And house(Nationality, English) = house(Colour, Red) _
                And next_to(house(Nationality, Norwegian), house(Colour, Blue)) Then
                    For d = 0 To factorial5 - 1
                        perm(Beverage) = permutation(d)
                        'The Dane drinks tea.
                        'They drink coffee in the green house.
                        'In the middle house they drink milk.
                        If house(Nationality, Danish) = house(Beverage, Tea) _
                        And house(Beverage, Coffee) = house(Colour, Green) _
                        And house(Beverage, Milk) = 3 Then
                            For s = 0 To factorial5 - 1
                                perm(Smoke) = permutation(s)
                                'In the yellow house they smoke Dunhill.
                                'The German smokes Prince.
                                'The man who smokes Blue Master drinks beer.
                                'They Drink water in a house next to the house where they smoke Blend.
                                If house(Colour, Yellow) = house(Smoke, Dunhill) _
                                And house(Nationality, German) = house(Smoke, Prince) _
                                And house(Smoke, BlueMaster) = house(Beverage, Beer) _
                                And next_to(house(Beverage, Water), house(Smoke, Blend)) Then
                                    For p = 0 To factorial5 - 1
                                        perm(Pet) = permutation(p)
                                        'The Swede has a dog.
                                        'The man who smokes Pall Mall has birds.
                                        'The man who smokes Blend lives in the house next to the house with cats.
                                        'In a house next to the house where they have a horse, they smoke Dunhill.
                                        If house(Nationality, Swedish) = house(Pet, Dog) _
                                        And house(Smoke, PallMall) = house(Pet, Bird) _
                                        And next_to(house(Smoke, Blend), house(Pet, Cat)) _
                                        And next_to(house(Pet, Horse), house(Smoke, Dunhill)) Then
                                            For i = 1 To 5
                                                print_house(i)
                                            Next i
                                            Print
                                            solutions += 1
                                            For j = 1 To 5
                                                solperms(solutions - 1, j - 1) = perm(j)
                                            Next j
                                        End If
                                    Next p
                                End If
                            Next s
                        End If
                    Next d
                End If
            Next n
        End If
    Next c
    
    Print solutions & " solution" & Iif(solutions > 1, "s", "") & " found"
    For i As Integer = 0 To solutions - 1
        For j As Integer = 1 To 5
            perm(j) = solperms(i, j - 1)
        Next j
        Print "The " & Nationalities(Val(Mid(perm(Nationality), house(Pet, Zebra) * 2 - 1, 1))) & " owns the Zebra"
    Next i
End Sub
Print "House Colour  Nation     Drink   Smoke      Animal"

Zebra_puzzle()

Sleep
Output:
House Colour  Nation     Drink   Smoke      Animal
   1: yellow  Norwegian  water   Dunhill    cats
   2: blue    Dane       tea     Blend      horse
   3: red     English    milk    Pall Mall  birds
   4: green   German     coffee  Prince     zebra
   5: white   Swede      beer    Blue Mast  dog

1 solution found
The German owns the Zebra

GAP

leftOf  :=function(setA, vA, setB, vB)
local i;
for i in [1..4] do
   if ( setA[i] = vA) and  (setB[i+1] = vB) then return true ;fi;
od;
 return false;
end;

nextTo  :=function(setA, vA, setB, vB)
local i;
for i in [1..4] do
   if ( setA[i] = vA) and  (setB[i+1] = vB) then return true ;fi;
   if ( setB[i] = vB) and  (setA[i+1] = vA) then return true ;fi;
od;
return false;
end;


requires := function(setA, vA, setB, vB)
    local i;
      for i in [1..5] do
        if ( setA[i] = vA) and  (setB[i] = vB) then return true ;fi;
      od;
 return false;
end;


pcolors :=PermutationsList(["white" ,"yellow" ,"blue" ,"red" ,"green"]);
pcigars :=PermutationsList(["blends", "pall_mall", "prince", "bluemasters", "dunhill"]);
pnats:=PermutationsList(["german", "swedish", "british", "norwegian", "danish"]);
pdrinks :=PermutationsList(["beer", "water", "tea", "milk", "coffee"]);
ppets  :=PermutationsList(["birds", "cats", "horses", "fish", "dogs"]);


for colors in pcolors do
if not (leftOf(colors,"green",colors,"white")) then continue ;fi;
for nats in pnats do
if not (requires(nats,"british",colors,"red")) then  continue ;fi;
if not (nats[1]="norwegian") then continue ;fi;
if not (nextTo(nats,"norwegian",colors,"blue")) then continue ;fi;
for pets in ppets do
if not (requires(nats,"swedish",pets,"dogs")) then  continue ;fi;
for drinks in pdrinks do
if not (drinks[3]="milk") then continue ;fi;
if not (requires(colors,"green",drinks,"coffee")) then continue ;fi;
if not (requires(nats,"danish",drinks,"tea")) then  continue ;fi;
for cigars in pcigars do
if not (nextTo(pets,"horses",cigars,"dunhill")) then continue ;fi;
if not (requires(cigars,"pall_mall",pets,"birds")) then  continue ;fi;
if not (nextTo(cigars,"blends",drinks,"water")) then  continue ;fi;
if not (nextTo(cigars,"blends",pets,"cats")) then  continue ;fi;
if not (requires(nats,"german",cigars,"prince")) then  continue ;fi;
if not (requires(colors,"yellow",cigars,"dunhill")) then continue ;fi;
if not (requires(cigars,"bluemasters",drinks,"beer")) then  continue ;fi;
Print(colors,"\n");
Print(nats,"\n");
Print(drinks,"\n");
Print(pets,"\n");
Print(cigars,"\n");
od;od;od;od;od;

Go

package main

import (
        "fmt"
        "log"
        "strings"
)

// Define some types

type HouseSet [5]*House
type House struct {
        n Nationality
        c Colour
        a Animal
        d Drink
        s Smoke
}
type Nationality int8
type Colour int8
type Animal int8
type Drink int8
type Smoke int8

// Define the possible values

const (
        English Nationality = iota
        Swede
        Dane
        Norwegian
        German
)
const (
        Red Colour = iota
        Green
        White
        Yellow
        Blue
)
const (
        Dog Animal = iota
        Birds
        Cats
        Horse
        Zebra
)
const (
        Tea Drink = iota
        Coffee
        Milk
        Beer
        Water
)
const (
        PallMall Smoke = iota
        Dunhill
        Blend
        BlueMaster
        Prince
)

// And how to print them

var nationalities = [...]string{"English", "Swede", "Dane", "Norwegian", "German"}
var colours = [...]string{"red", "green", "white", "yellow", "blue"}
var animals = [...]string{"dog", "birds", "cats", "horse", "zebra"}
var drinks = [...]string{"tea", "coffee", "milk", "beer", "water"}
var smokes = [...]string{"Pall Mall", "Dunhill", "Blend", "Blue Master", "Prince"}

func (n Nationality) String() string { return nationalities[n] }
func (c Colour) String() string      { return colours[c] }
func (a Animal) String() string      { return animals[a] }
func (d Drink) String() string       { return drinks[d] }
func (s Smoke) String() string       { return smokes[s] }
func (h House) String() string {
        return fmt.Sprintf("%-9s  %-6s  %-5s  %-6s  %s", h.n, h.c, h.a, h.d, h.s)
}
func (hs HouseSet) String() string {
        lines := make([]string, 0, len(hs))
        for i, h := range hs {
                s := fmt.Sprintf("%d  %s", i, h)
                lines = append(lines, s)
        }
        return strings.Join(lines, "\n")
}

// Simple brute force solution

func simpleBruteForce() (int, HouseSet) {
        var v []House
        for n := range nationalities {
                for c := range colours {
                        for a := range animals {
                                for d := range drinks {
                                        for s := range smokes {
                                                h := House{
                                                        n: Nationality(n),
                                                        c: Colour(c),
                                                        a: Animal(a),
                                                        d: Drink(d),
                                                        s: Smoke(s),
                                                }
                                                if !h.Valid() {
                                                        continue
                                                }
                                                v = append(v, h)
                                        }
                                }
                        }
                }
        }
        n := len(v)
        log.Println("Generated", n, "valid houses")

        combos := 0
        first := 0
        valid := 0
        var validSet HouseSet
        for a := 0; a < n; a++ {
                if v[a].n != Norwegian { // Condition 10:
                        continue
                }
                for b := 0; b < n; b++ {
                        if b == a {
                                continue
                        }
                        if v[b].anyDups(&v[a]) {
                                continue
                        }
                        for c := 0; c < n; c++ {
                                if c == b || c == a {
                                        continue
                                }
                                if v[c].d != Milk { // Condition 9:
                                        continue
                                }
                                if v[c].anyDups(&v[b], &v[a]) {
                                        continue
                                }
                                for d := 0; d < n; d++ {
                                        if d == c || d == b || d == a {
                                                continue
                                        }
                                        if v[d].anyDups(&v[c], &v[b], &v[a]) {
                                                continue
                                        }
                                        for e := 0; e < n; e++ {
                                                if e == d || e == c || e == b || e == a {
                                                        continue
                                                }
                                                if v[e].anyDups(&v[d], &v[c], &v[b], &v[a]) {
                                                        continue
                                                }
                                                combos++
                                                set := HouseSet{&v[a], &v[b], &v[c], &v[d], &v[e]}
                                                if set.Valid() {
                                                        valid++
                                                        if valid == 1 {
                                                                first = combos
                                                        }
                                                        validSet = set
                                                        //return set
                                                }
                                        }
                                }
                        }
                }
        }
        log.Println("Tested", first, "different combinations of valid houses before finding solution")
        log.Println("Tested", combos, "different combinations of valid houses in total")
        return valid, validSet
}

// anyDups returns true if h as any duplicate attributes with any of the specified houses
func (h *House) anyDups(list ...*House) bool {
        for _, b := range list {
                if h.n == b.n || h.c == b.c || h.a == b.a || h.d == b.d || h.s == b.s {
                        return true
                }
        }
        return false
}

func (h *House) Valid() bool {
        // Condition 2:
        if h.n == English && h.c != Red || h.n != English && h.c == Red {
                return false
        }
        // Condition 3:
        if h.n == Swede && h.a != Dog || h.n != Swede && h.a == Dog {
                return false
        }
        // Condition 4:
        if h.n == Dane && h.d != Tea || h.n != Dane && h.d == Tea {
                return false
        }
        // Condition 6:
        if h.c == Green && h.d != Coffee || h.c != Green && h.d == Coffee {
                return false
        }
        // Condition 7:
        if h.a == Birds && h.s != PallMall || h.a != Birds && h.s == PallMall {
                return false
        }
        // Condition 8:
        if h.c == Yellow && h.s != Dunhill || h.c != Yellow && h.s == Dunhill {
                return false
        }
        // Condition 11:
        if h.a == Cats && h.s == Blend {
                return false
        }
        // Condition 12:
        if h.a == Horse && h.s == Dunhill {
                return false
        }
        // Condition 13:
        if h.d == Beer && h.s != BlueMaster || h.d != Beer && h.s == BlueMaster {
                return false
        }
        // Condition 14:
        if h.n == German && h.s != Prince || h.n != German && h.s == Prince {
                return false
        }
        // Condition 15:
        if h.n == Norwegian && h.c == Blue {
                return false
        }
        // Condition 16:
        if h.d == Water && h.s == Blend {
                return false
        }
        return true
}

func (hs *HouseSet) Valid() bool {
        ni := make(map[Nationality]int, 5)
        ci := make(map[Colour]int, 5)
        ai := make(map[Animal]int, 5)
        di := make(map[Drink]int, 5)
        si := make(map[Smoke]int, 5)
        for i, h := range hs {
                ni[h.n] = i
                ci[h.c] = i
                ai[h.a] = i
                di[h.d] = i
                si[h.s] = i
        }
        // Condition 5:
        if ci[Green]+1 != ci[White] {
                return false
        }
        // Condition 11:
        if dist(ai[Cats], si[Blend]) != 1 {
                return false
        }
        // Condition 12:
        if dist(ai[Horse], si[Dunhill]) != 1 {
                return false
        }
        // Condition 15:
        if dist(ni[Norwegian], ci[Blue]) != 1 {
                return false
        }
        // Condition 16:
        if dist(di[Water], si[Blend]) != 1 {
                return false
        }

        // Condition 9: (already tested elsewhere)
        if hs[2].d != Milk {
                return false
        }
        // Condition 10: (already tested elsewhere)
        if hs[0].n != Norwegian {
                return false
        }
        return true
}

func dist(a, b int) int {
        if a > b {
                return a - b
        }
        return b - a
}

func main() {
        log.SetFlags(0)
        n, sol := simpleBruteForce()
        fmt.Println(n, "solution found")
        fmt.Println(sol)
}
Output:
Generated 51 valid houses
Tested 652 different combinations of valid houses before finding solution
Tested 750 different combinations of valid houses in total
1 solution found
0  Norwegian  yellow  cats   water   Dunhill
1  Dane       blue    horse  tea     Blend
2  English    red     birds  milk    Pall Mall
3  German     green   zebra  coffee  Prince
4  Swede      white   dog    beer    Blue Master

Benchmark (not included but just calling simpleBruteForce):

BenchmarkBruteForce         1000           2687946 ns/op          550568 B/op       7560 allocs/op

Haskell

module Main where

import Control.Applicative ((<$>), (<*>))
import Control.Monad (foldM, forM_)
import Data.List ((\\))

-- types
data House = House   
    { color :: Color      -- <trait> :: House -> <Trait>
    , man   :: Man
    , pet   :: Pet
    , drink :: Drink
    , smoke :: Smoke
    }
    deriving (Eq, Show)

data Color = Red | Green | Blue | Yellow | White
    deriving (Eq, Show, Enum, Bounded)

data Man = Eng | Swe | Dan | Nor | Ger
    deriving (Eq, Show, Enum, Bounded)

data Pet = Dog | Birds | Cats | Horse | Zebra
    deriving (Eq, Show, Enum, Bounded)

data Drink = Coffee | Tea | Milk | Beer | Water
    deriving (Eq, Show, Enum, Bounded)

data Smoke = PallMall | Dunhill | Blend | BlueMaster | Prince
    deriving (Eq, Show, Enum, Bounded)

type Solution = [House]

main :: IO ()
main = do
  forM_ solutions $ \sol -> mapM_ print sol
                            >> putStrLn "----"
  putStrLn "No More Solutions"


solutions :: [Solution]
solutions = filter finalCheck . map reverse $ foldM next [] [1..5]
    where
      -- NOTE: list of houses is generated in reversed order
      next :: Solution -> Int -> [Solution]
      next sol pos = [h:sol | h <- newHouses sol, consistent h pos]


newHouses :: Solution -> Solution
newHouses sol =    -- all combinations of traits not yet used
    House <$> new color <*> new man <*> new pet <*> new drink <*> new smoke
    where
      new trait = [minBound ..] \\ map trait sol  -- :: [<Trait>]


consistent :: House -> Int -> Bool
consistent house pos = and                  -- consistent with the rules:
    [ man   `is` Eng     <=>   color `is` Red              --  2
    , man   `is` Swe     <=>   pet   `is` Dog              --  3
    , man   `is` Dan     <=>   drink `is` Tea              --  4
    , color `is` Green   <=>   drink `is` Coffee           --  6
    , pet   `is` Birds   <=>   smoke `is` PallMall         --  7
    , color `is` Yellow  <=>   smoke `is` Dunhill          --  8
    , const (pos == 3)   <=>   drink `is` Milk             --  9
    , const (pos == 1)   <=>   man   `is` Nor              -- 10
    , drink `is` Beer    <=>   smoke `is` BlueMaster       -- 13
    , man   `is` Ger     <=>   smoke `is` Prince           -- 14
    ]
    where
      infix 4 <=>
      p <=> q  =  p house == q house   -- both True or both False


is :: Eq a => (House -> a) -> a -> House -> Bool
(trait `is` value) house  =  trait house == value


finalCheck :: [House] -> Bool
finalCheck solution = and                    -- fulfills the rules:
    [ (color `is` Green)   `leftOf` (color `is` White)  --  5
    , (smoke `is` Blend  ) `nextTo` (pet   `is` Cats )  -- 11
    , (smoke `is` Dunhill) `nextTo` (pet   `is` Horse)  -- 12
    , (color `is` Blue   ) `nextTo` (man   `is` Nor  )  -- 15
    , (smoke `is` Blend  ) `nextTo` (drink `is` Water)  -- 16
    ]
    where
      nextTo :: (House -> Bool) -> (House -> Bool) -> Bool
      nextTo p q = leftOf p q || leftOf q p
      leftOf p q 
          | (_:h:_) <- dropWhile (not . p) solution = q h
          | otherwise                               = False
Output:
House {color = Yellow, man = Nor, pet = Cats, drink = Water, smoke = Dunhill}
House {color = Blue, man = Dan, pet = Horse, drink = Tea, smoke = Blend}
House {color = Red, man = Eng, pet = Birds, drink = Milk, smoke = PallMall}
House {color = Green, man = Ger, pet = Zebra, drink = Coffee, smoke = Prince}
House {color = White, man = Swe, pet = Dog, drink = Beer, smoke = BlueMaster}
----
No More Solutions

Runs in: time: 0.01s.

LP-like version

(a little faster version)

import Control.Monad
import Data.List

values :: (Bounded a, Enum a) => [[a]]
values = permutations [minBound..maxBound]

data Nation = English   | Swede     | Dane  | Norwegian     | German
    deriving (Bounded, Enum, Eq, Show)
data Color  = Red       | Green     | White | Yellow        | Blue
    deriving (Bounded, Enum, Eq, Show)
data Pet    = Dog       | Birds     | Cats  | Horse         | Zebra
    deriving (Bounded, Enum, Eq, Show)
data Drink  = Tea       | Coffee    | Milk  | Beer          | Water
    deriving (Bounded, Enum, Eq, Show)
data Smoke  = PallMall  | Dunhill   | Blend | BlueMaster    | Prince
    deriving (Bounded, Enum, Eq, Show)

answers = do
    color <- values
    leftOf  color  Green       color White    -- 5

    nation <- values
    first   nation Norwegian                  -- 10
    same    nation English     color Red      -- 2
    nextTo  nation Norwegian   color Blue     -- 15

    drink <- values
    middle  drink  Milk                       -- 9
    same    nation Dane        drink Tea      -- 4
    same    drink  Coffee      color Green    -- 6

    pet <- values
    same    nation Swede       pet   Dog      -- 3

    smoke <- values
    same    smoke  PallMall    pet   Birds    -- 7
    same    color  Yellow      smoke Dunhill  -- 8
    nextTo  smoke  Blend       pet   Cats     -- 11
    nextTo  pet    Horse       smoke Dunhill  -- 12
    same    nation German      smoke Prince   -- 14
    same    smoke  BlueMaster  drink Beer     -- 13
    nextTo  drink  Water       smoke Blend    -- 16

    return $ zip5 nation color pet drink smoke

  where
    same    xs x  ys y  =  guard $ (x, y) `elem` zip xs ys
    leftOf  xs x  ys y  =  same  xs x  (tail ys) y
    nextTo  xs x  ys y  =  leftOf  xs x  ys y  `mplus`
                           leftOf  ys y  xs x
    middle  xs x        =  guard $ xs !! 2 == x
    first   xs x        =  guard $ head xs == x

main = do
    forM_ answers $ (\answer ->  -- for answer in answers:
      do
        mapM_ print answer 
        print [nation | (nation, _, Zebra, _, _) <- answer] 
        putStrLn "" )
    putStrLn "No more solutions!"

Output:

(Norwegian,Yellow,Cats,Water,Dunhill)
(Dane,Blue,Horse,Tea,Blend)
(English,Red,Birds,Milk,PallMall)
(German,Green,Zebra,Coffee,Prince)
(Swede,White,Dog,Beer,BlueMaster)
[German]

No more solutions!

J

Progressive "build and filter" approach

Translation of: Uiua
in=: {{n&{ i. m"_}}             NB. index of m in row n of matrix
F =: {{u"_1 # ]}}               NB. filter by function of items
'Col Nat Pet Drink Cig'=: i.5   NB. refer to rows by name
'col nat pet drink cig'=: (A.~i.@!@#)&>;:'BGRWY DEGNS BCDHZ BCMTW BbDpP'  NB. perm matrices
P=: ('W' in Col (= >:) 'G' in Col)F ,/col,:"1/nat  NB. join first two mats and add 1st constraint
P=: ,/pet,"2 1/~ (('E' in Nat = 'R' in Col)*.(0 = 'N' in Nat))F P  NB. and so on...
P=: ,/drink,"2 1/~ (('D' in Pet = 'S' in Nat)*.('N' in Nat (1=|@:-) 'B' in Col))F P 
P=: (('C' in Drink = 'G' in Col)*.(2 = 'M' in Drink))F P    
P=: (('T' in Drink = 'D' in Nat)*.('p' in Cig = 'B' in Pet))F ,/P,"2 1/cig                         
P=: (('D' in Cig = 'Y' in Col)*.('b' in Cig = 'B' in Drink))F P      
P=: (('P' in Cig = 'G' in Nat)*.('B' in Cig (1=|@:-) 'C' in Pet))F P      
P=: (('D' in Cig (1=|@:-) 'H' in Pet)*.('B' in Cig (1=|@:-) 'W' in Drink))F P  
echo 'Solutions found: ',(":#P),LF,LF,~' owns the Z',~('Z' in Pet { Nat&{){.P
echo 'Col    Nat    Pet    Drink  Cig', ([,(6#' '),])/"1|:{.P
Output:
Solutions found: 1
G owns the Z

Col    Nat    Pet    Drink  Cig
Y      N      C      W      D
B      D      H      T      B
R      E      B      M      p
G      G      Z      C      P
W      S      D      B      b

Each line processes two constraints in order to save line space. The two constraints in a given line are not particularly related to each other; the coupling is arbitrary.

The permutation matrices are spliced into a cube in which each matrix represents a possible solution given the constraints considered thus far.

In the interest of compact code, each person/thing is denoted by a single character. But note that we could've easily used symbols (s:) instead of characters, enabling longer names while still using the same flat array code:

   perms=: A.~ i.@!@#
   ]Mat=: perms (N)=: s: ;: N=:'Swede Dane Norwegian'
`Swede     `Dane      `Norwegian
`Swede     `Norwegian `Dane
`Dane      `Swede     `Norwegian
`Dane      `Norwegian `Swede
`Norwegian `Swede     `Dane
`Norwegian `Dane      `Swede
   $Mat
6 3
   Mat i."1 Swede
0 0 1 2 1 2
   Swede
`Swede

"Solve all constraints at the end" approach

Propositions 1 .. 16 without 9,10 and 15

ehs=: 5$a:

cr=: (('English';'red') 0 3} ehs);<('Dane';'tea') 0 2}ehs
cr=: cr, (('German';'Prince') 0 4}ehs);<('Swede';'dog') 0 1 }ehs

cs=: <('PallMall';'birds') 4 1}ehs
cs=: cs, (('yellow';'Dunhill') 3 4}ehs);<('BlueMaster';'beer') 4 2}ehs

lof=: (('coffee';'green')2 3}ehs);<(<'white')3}ehs

next=: <((<'Blend') 4 }ehs);<(<'water')2}ehs
next=: next,<((<'Blend') 4 }ehs);<(<'cats')1}ehs
next=: next,<((<'Dunhill') 4}ehs);<(<'horse')1}ehs

Example

   lof
┌─────────────────┬───────────┐
│┌┬┬──────┬─────┬┐│┌┬┬┬─────┬┐│
││││coffeegreen│││││││white│││
│└┴┴──────┴─────┴┘│└┴┴┴─────┴┘│
└─────────────────┴───────────┘

Collections of all variants of the propositions:

hcr=: (<ehs),. (A.~i.@!@#)cr
hcs=:~. (A.~i.@!@#)cs,2$<ehs
hlof=:(-i.4) |."0 1 lof,3$<ehs
hnext=: ,/((i.4) |."0 1 (3$<ehs)&,)"1 ;(,,:|.)&.> next

We start the row of houses with fixed properties 9, 10 and 15.

houses=: ((<'Norwegian') 0}ehs);((<'blue') 3 }ehs);((<'milk') 2}ehs);ehs;<ehs
Output:
   houses
┌───────────────┬──────────┬──────────┬──────┬──────┐
│┌─────────┬┬┬┬┐│┌┬┬┬────┬┐│┌┬┬────┬┬┐│┌┬┬┬┬┐│┌┬┬┬┬┐│
││Norwegian││││││││││blue││││││milk││││││││││││││││││
│└─────────┴┴┴┴┘│└┴┴┴────┴┘│└┴┴────┴┴┘│└┴┴┴┴┘│└┴┴┴┴┘│
└───────────────┴──────────┴──────────┴──────┴──────┘

Set of proposition variants:

constraints=: hcr;hcs;hlof;<hnext

The worker and its helper verbs

Select=: [: ~. ,: #~ ,&(0~:#)
Filter=: #~ *./@:(2>#S:0)"1
Compose=: [: Filter [: ,/ Select L:0"1"1 _ 

solve=: 4 :0
h=. ,:x
whilst. 0=# z do.
  for_e. y do. h=. h Compose > e end. 
  z=.(#~1=[:+/"1 (0=#)S:0"1) h=.~. h
end.
)
Output:
   > houses solve constraints
┌─────────┬─────┬──────┬──────┬──────────┐
Norwegiancats water yellowDunhill   
├─────────┼─────┼──────┼──────┼──────────┤
Dane     horsetea   blue  Blend     
├─────────┼─────┼──────┼──────┼──────────┤
English  birdsmilk  red   PallMall  
├─────────┼─────┼──────┼──────┼──────────┤
German        coffeegreen Prince    
├─────────┼─────┼──────┼──────┼──────────┤
Swede    dog  beer  white BlueMaster
└─────────┴─────┴──────┴──────┴──────────┘

So, the German owns the zebra.

Alternative
A longer running solver by adding the zebra variants.

zebra=: (-i.5)|."0 1 (<(<'zebra') 1}ehs),4$<ehs

solve3=: 4 :0
p=. *./@:((0~:#)S:0)
f=. [:~.&.> [: compose&.>~/y&, 
z=. f^:(3>[:#(#~p"1)&>)^:_ <,:x
> (#~([:*./[:;[:<@({.~:}.)\.;)"1)(#~p"1); z
)
Output:
   houses solve3 constraints,<zebra
┌─────────┬─────┬──────┬──────┬──────────┐
Norwegiancats water yellowDunhill   
├─────────┼─────┼──────┼──────┼──────────┤
Dane     horsetea   blue  Blend     
├─────────┼─────┼──────┼──────┼──────────┤
English  birdsmilk  red   PallMall  
├─────────┼─────┼──────┼──────┼──────────┤
German   zebracoffeegreen Prince    
├─────────┼─────┼──────┼──────┼──────────┤
Swede    dog  beer  white BlueMaster
└─────────┴─────┴──────┴──────┴──────────┘

Java

This Java solution includes 4 classes:

  • The outer class Zebra
  • A PossibleLine
  • A set of PossibleLines
  • The Solver
package org.rosettacode.zebra;

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.Set;

public class Zebra {

    private static final int[] orders = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
    private static final String[] nations = {"English", "Danish", "German", "Swedish", "Norwegian"};
    private static final String[] animals = {"Zebra", "Horse", "Birds", "Dog", "Cats"};
    private static final String[] drinks = {"Coffee", "Tea", "Beer", "Water", "Milk"};
    private static final String[] cigarettes = {"Pall Mall", "Blend", "Blue Master", "Prince", "Dunhill"};
    private static final String[] colors = {"Red", "Green", "White", "Blue", "Yellow"};

    static class Solver {
        private final PossibleLines puzzleTable = new PossibleLines();

        void solve() {
            PossibleLines constraints = new PossibleLines();
            constraints.add(new PossibleLine(null, "English", "Red", null, null, null));
            constraints.add(new PossibleLine(null, "Swedish", null, "Dog", null, null));
            constraints.add(new PossibleLine(null, "Danish", null, null, "Tea", null));
            constraints.add(new PossibleLine(null, null, "Green", null, "Coffee", null));
            constraints.add(new PossibleLine(null, null, null, "Birds", null, "Pall Mall"));
            constraints.add(new PossibleLine(null, null, "Yellow", null, null, "Dunhill"));
            constraints.add(new PossibleLine(3, null, null, null, "Milk", null));
            constraints.add(new PossibleLine(1, "Norwegian", null, null, null, null));
            constraints.add(new PossibleLine(null, null, null, null, "Beer", "Blue Master"));
            constraints.add(new PossibleLine(null, "German", null, null, null, "Prince"));
            constraints.add(new PossibleLine(2, null, "Blue", null, null, null));

            //Creating all possible combination of a puzzle line.
            //The maximum number of lines is 5^^6 (15625).
            //Each combination line is checked against a set of knowing facts, thus
            //only a small number of line result at the end.
            for (Integer orderId : Zebra.orders) {
                for (String nation : Zebra.nations) {
                    for (String color : Zebra.colors) {
                        for (String animal : Zebra.animals) {
                            for (String drink : Zebra.drinks) {
                                for (String cigarette : Zebra.cigarettes) {
                                    addPossibleNeighbors(constraints, orderId, nation, color, animal, drink, cigarette);
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            System.out.println("After general rule set validation, remains " +
                    puzzleTable.size() + " lines.");

            for (Iterator<PossibleLine> it = puzzleTable.iterator(); it.hasNext(); ) {
                boolean validLine = true;

                PossibleLine possibleLine = it.next();

                if (possibleLine.leftNeighbor != null) {
                    PossibleLine neighbor = possibleLine.leftNeighbor;
                    if (neighbor.order < 1 || neighbor.order > 5) {
                        validLine = false;
                        it.remove();
                    }
                }
                if (validLine && possibleLine.rightNeighbor != null) {
                    PossibleLine neighbor = possibleLine.rightNeighbor;
                    if (neighbor.order < 1 || neighbor.order > 5) {
                        it.remove();
                    }
                }
            }

            System.out.println("After removing out of bound neighbors, remains " +
                    puzzleTable.size() + " lines.");

            //Setting left and right neighbors
            for (PossibleLine puzzleLine : puzzleTable) {
                for (PossibleLine leftNeighbor : puzzleLine.neighbors) {
                    PossibleLine rightNeighbor = leftNeighbor.copy();

                    //make it left neighbor
                    leftNeighbor.order = puzzleLine.order - 1;
                    if (puzzleTable.contains(leftNeighbor)) {
                        if (puzzleLine.leftNeighbor != null)
                            puzzleLine.leftNeighbor.merge(leftNeighbor);
                        else
                            puzzleLine.setLeftNeighbor(leftNeighbor);
                    }
                    rightNeighbor.order = puzzleLine.order + 1;
                    if (puzzleTable.contains(rightNeighbor)) {
                        if (puzzleLine.rightNeighbor != null)
                            puzzleLine.rightNeighbor.merge(rightNeighbor);
                        else
                            puzzleLine.setRightNeighbor(rightNeighbor);
                    }
                }
            }

            int iteration = 1;
            int lastSize = 0;

            //Recursively validate against neighbor rules
            while (puzzleTable.size() > 5 && lastSize != puzzleTable.size()) {
                lastSize = puzzleTable.size();
                puzzleTable.clearLineCountFlags();

                recursiveSearch(null, puzzleTable, -1);

                constraints.clear();
                // Assuming we'll get at leas one valid line each iteration, we create
                // a set of new rules with lines which have no more then one instance of same OrderId.
                for (int i = 1; i < 6; i++) {
                    if (puzzleTable.getLineCountByOrderId(i) == 1)
                        constraints.addAll(puzzleTable.getSimilarLines(new PossibleLine(i, null, null, null, null,
                                null)));
                }

                puzzleTable.removeIf(puzzleLine -> !constraints.accepts(puzzleLine));

                System.out.println("After " + iteration + " recursive iteration, remains "
                        + puzzleTable.size() + " lines");
                iteration++;
            }

            // Print the results
            System.out.println("-------------------------------------------");
            if (puzzleTable.size() == 5) {
                for (PossibleLine puzzleLine : puzzleTable) {
                    System.out.println(puzzleLine.getWholeLine());
                }
            } else
                System.out.println("Sorry, solution not found!");
        }

        private void addPossibleNeighbors(
                PossibleLines constraints, Integer orderId, String nation,
                String color, String animal, String drink, String cigarette) {
            boolean validLine = true;
            PossibleLine pzlLine = new PossibleLine(orderId,
                    nation,
                    color,
                    animal,
                    drink,
                    cigarette);
            // Checking against a set of knowing facts
            if (constraints.accepts(pzlLine)) {
                // Adding rules of neighbors
                if (cigarette.equals("Blend")
                        && (animal.equals("Cats") || drink.equals("Water")))
                    validLine = false;

                if (cigarette.equals("Dunhill")
                        && animal.equals("Horse"))
                    validLine = false;

                if (validLine) {
                    puzzleTable.add(pzlLine);

                    //set neighbors constraints
                    if (color.equals("Green")) {
                        pzlLine.setRightNeighbor(
                                new PossibleLine(null, null, "White", null, null, null));
                    }
                    if (color.equals("White")) {
                        pzlLine.setLeftNeighbor(
                                new PossibleLine(null, null, "Green", null, null, null));
                    }
                    //
                    if (animal.equals("Cats") && !cigarette.equals("Blend")) {
                        pzlLine.neighbors.add(new PossibleLine(null, null, null, null, null,
                                "Blend"));
                    }
                    if (cigarette.equals("Blend") && !animal.equals("Cats")) {
                        pzlLine.neighbors.add(new PossibleLine(null, null, null, "Cats", null
                                , null));
                    }
                    //
                    if (drink.equals("Water")
                            && !animal.equals("Cats")
                            && !cigarette.equals("Blend")) {
                        pzlLine.neighbors.add(new PossibleLine(null, null, null, null, null,
                                "Blend"));
                    }

                    if (cigarette.equals("Blend") && !drink.equals("Water")) {
                        pzlLine.neighbors.add(new PossibleLine(null, null, null, null, "Water"
                                , null));
                    }
                    //
                    if (animal.equals("Horse") && !cigarette.equals("Dunhill")) {
                        pzlLine.neighbors.add(new PossibleLine(null, null, null, null, null,
                                "Dunhill"));
                    }
                    if (cigarette.equals("Dunhill") && !animal.equals("Horse")) {
                        pzlLine.neighbors.add(new PossibleLine(null, null, null, "Horse",
                                null, null));
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        // Recursively checks the input set to ensure each line has right neighbor.
        // Neighbors can be of three type, left, right or undefined.
        // Direction: -1 left, 0 undefined, 1 right
        private boolean recursiveSearch(PossibleLine pzzlNodeLine,
                                        PossibleLines possibleLines, int direction) {
            boolean validLeaf = false;
            boolean hasNeighbor;
            PossibleLines puzzleSubSet;

            for (Iterator<PossibleLine> it = possibleLines.iterator(); it.hasNext(); ) {
                PossibleLine pzzlLeafLine = it.next();
                validLeaf = false;

                hasNeighbor = pzzlLeafLine.hasNeighbor(direction);

                if (hasNeighbor) {
                    puzzleSubSet = puzzleTable.getSimilarLines(pzzlLeafLine.getNeighbor(direction));
                    if (puzzleSubSet != null) {
                        if (pzzlNodeLine != null)
                            validLeaf = puzzleSubSet.contains(pzzlNodeLine);
                        else
                            validLeaf = recursiveSearch(pzzlLeafLine, puzzleSubSet, -1 * direction);
                    }
                }

                if (!validLeaf && pzzlLeafLine.hasNeighbor(-1 * direction)) {
                    hasNeighbor = true;
                    puzzleSubSet = puzzleTable.getSimilarLines(pzzlLeafLine.getNeighbor(-1 * direction));
                    if (puzzleSubSet != null) {
                        if (pzzlNodeLine != null)
                            validLeaf = puzzleSubSet.contains(pzzlNodeLine);
                        else
                            validLeaf = recursiveSearch(pzzlLeafLine, puzzleSubSet, direction);
                    }
                }

                if (pzzlNodeLine != null && validLeaf)
                    return true;

                if (pzzlNodeLine == null && hasNeighbor && !validLeaf) {
                    it.remove();
                }

                if (pzzlNodeLine == null) {
                    if (hasNeighbor && validLeaf) {
                        possibleLines.riseLineCountFlags(pzzlLeafLine.order);
                    }
                    if (!hasNeighbor) {
                        possibleLines.riseLineCountFlags(pzzlLeafLine.order);
                    }
                }
            }
            return validLeaf;
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Solver solver = new Solver();
        solver.solve();
    }

    static class PossibleLines extends LinkedHashSet<PossibleLine> {

        private final int[] count = new int[5];

        public PossibleLine get(int index) {
            return ((PossibleLine) toArray()[index]);
        }

        public PossibleLines getSimilarLines(PossibleLine searchLine) {
            PossibleLines puzzleSubSet = new PossibleLines();
            for (PossibleLine possibleLine : this) {
                if (possibleLine.getCommonFactsCount(searchLine) == searchLine.getFactsCount())
                    puzzleSubSet.add(possibleLine);
            }
            if (puzzleSubSet.isEmpty())
                return null;

            return puzzleSubSet;
        }

        public boolean contains(PossibleLine searchLine) {
            for (PossibleLine puzzleLine : this) {
                if (puzzleLine.getCommonFactsCount(searchLine) == searchLine.getFactsCount())
                    return true;
            }
            return false;
        }

        public boolean accepts(PossibleLine searchLine) {
            int passed = 0;
            int notpassed = 0;

            for (PossibleLine puzzleSetLine : this) {
                int lineFactsCnt = puzzleSetLine.getFactsCount();
                int comnFactsCnt = puzzleSetLine.getCommonFactsCount(searchLine);

                if (lineFactsCnt != comnFactsCnt && lineFactsCnt != 0 && comnFactsCnt != 0) {
                    notpassed++;
                }

                if (lineFactsCnt == comnFactsCnt)
                    passed++;
            }
            return passed >= 0 && notpassed == 0;
        }

        public void riseLineCountFlags(int lineOrderId) {
            count[lineOrderId - 1]++