Gaussian primes

From Rosetta Code
Task
Gaussian primes
You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know.

A Gaussian Integer is a complex number such that its real and imaginary parts are both integers.

   a + bi where a and b are integers and i is √-1.

The norm of a Gaussian integer is its product with its conjugate.

   N(a + bi) = (a + bi)(a − bi) = a² + b²


A Gaussian integer is a Gaussian prime if and only if either: both a and b are non-zero and its norm is a prime number, or, one of a or b is zero and it is the product of a unit (±1, ±i) and a prime integer of the form 4n + 3.

Prime integers that are not of the form 4n + 3 can be factored into a Gaussian integer and its complex conjugate so are not a Gaussian prime.

   E.G. 5 = (2 + i)(2 − i) So 5 is not a Gaussian prime

Gaussian primes are octogonally symmetrical on a real / imaginary Cartesian field. If a particular complex norm a² + b² is prime, since addition is commutative, b² + a² is also prime, as are the complex conjugates and negated instances of both.


Task

Find and show, here on this page, the Gaussian primes with a norm of less than 100, (within a radius of 10 from the origin 0 + 0i on a complex plane.)

Plot the points corresponding to the Gaussian primes on a Cartesian real / imaginary plane at least up to a radius of 50.


See also


11l

Translation of: Python
F is_prime(a)
   I a == 2
      R 1B
   I a < 2 | a % 2 == 0
      R 0B
   L(i) (3 .. Int(sqrt(a))).step(2)
      I a % i == 0
         R 0B
   R 1B

F is_gaussian_prime(n)
   V (r, c) = (Int(abs(n.real)), Int(abs(n.imag)))
   R is_prime(r * r + c * c) | (c == 0 & is_prime(r) & (r - 3) % 4 == 0) | (r == 0 & is_prime(c) & (c - 3) % 4 == 0)

F norm(c)
   R c.real * c.real + c.imag * c.imag

V limitsquared = 100
V lim = Int(sqrt(limitsquared))
V testvals = multiloop((-lim .< lim), (-lim .< lim), (r, c) -> Complex(r, c))
testvals .= filter(c -> is_gaussian_prime(c) & norm(c) < :limitsquared)
V gprimes = sorted(enumerate(testvals).map((i, c) -> (c, i)), key' c -> (norm(c[0]), c[1]))
print(‘Gaussian primes within ’lim‘ of the origin on the complex plane:’)
L(c) gprimes
   print(String(c[0]).ljust(9), end' I (L.index + 1) % 10 == 0 {"\n"} E ‘’)
Output:
Gaussian primes within 10 of the origin on the complex plane:
-1-1i    -1+1i    1-1i     1+1i     -2-1i    -2+1i    -1-2i    -1+2i    1-2i     1+2i     
2-1i     2+1i     -3       -3i      3i       3        -3-2i    -3+2i    -2-3i    -2+3i    
2-3i     2+3i     3-2i     3+2i     -4-1i    -4+1i    -1-4i    -1+4i    1-4i     1+4i     
4-1i     4+1i     -5-2i    -5+2i    -2-5i    -2+5i    2-5i     2+5i     5-2i     5+2i     
-6-1i    -6+1i    -1-6i    -1+6i    1-6i     1+6i     6-1i     6+1i     -5-4i    -5+4i    
-4-5i    -4+5i    4-5i     4+5i     5-4i     5+4i     -7       -7i      7i       7        
-7-2i    -7+2i    -2-7i    -2+7i    2-7i     2+7i     7-2i     7+2i     -6-5i    -6+5i    
-5-6i    -5+6i    5-6i     5+6i     6-5i     6+5i     -8-3i    -8+3i    -3-8i    -3+8i    
3-8i     3+8i     8-3i     8+3i     -8-5i    -8+5i    -5-8i    -5+8i    5-8i     5+8i     
8-5i     8+5i     -9-4i    -9+4i    -4-9i    -4+9i    4-9i     4+9i     9-4i     9+4i     

ALGOL 68

The ALGOL 68-primes source is on a page in Rosetta Code - see the link above.

BEGIN # find and plot Gaussian primes: complex numbers with integer real and #
      # imaginary parts where:                                               #
      #     either the real and imaginary parts are non 0 and the norm       #
      #            (sum of squares of the real and imaginary parts) is prime #
      #         or one of the real/imaginary parts is zero and the other is  #
      #            +/- a prime of the form 4n + 3                            #

    PR read "primes.incl.a68" PR                   # include prime utilities #
    []BOOL primes = PRIMESIEVE 10 000;          # sieve the primes to 10 000 #

    # applies gp to the Gaussian primes with within radius of 0+0i           #
    PROC process gaussian primes = ( INT radius, PROC(INT,INT)VOID gp )VOID:
         BEGIN
            INT r2 = radius * radius;
            FOR rp FROM - radius TO radius DO
                FOR ip FROM - radius TO radius DO
                    IF  INT norm = ( rp * rp ) + ( ip * ip );
                        norm < r2
                    THEN
                        IF rp /= 0 AND ip /= 0 THEN
                            IF primes[ norm ] THEN gp( rp, ip ) FI
                        ELIF rp /= 0 OR ip /= 0 THEN
                            IF   INT abs sum parts = ABS ( rp + ip );
                                 primes[ abs sum parts ]
                             AND ( abs sum parts - 3 ) MOD 4 = 0
                            THEN
                                gp( rp, ip )
                            FI
                        FI
                    FI
                OD
            OD
         END  # process gaussian primes # ;

    # show Gaussian primes within a radius (root of the norm) of 10 of 0+0i  #
    INT gp count := 0;
    process gaussian primes( 10
                           , ( INT rp, ip )VOID:
                             BEGIN
                                 print( ( " "
                                        , IF rp > 0 THEN " " ELSE "-" FI, whole( ABS rp, 0 )
                                        , IF ip < 0 THEN "-" ELSE "+" FI, whole( ABS ip, 0 )
                                        , "i"
                                        )
                                      ),
                                  IF ( gp count +:= 1 ) MOD 12 = 0 THEN print( ( newline ) ) FI
                             END
                           );
    # plot the Gaussian primes within a radius of 50 of the origin (0+0i)    #
    [ -50 : 50, -50 : 50 ]CHAR plot;
    FOR i FROM 1 LWB plot TO 1 UPB plot DO
        FOR j FROM 2 LWB plot TO 2 UPB plot DO
            plot[ i, j ] := IF i = 0 THEN "-" ELSE " " FI
        OD;
        plot[ i, 0 ] := "|"
    OD;
    plot[ 0, 0 ] := "+";
    process gaussian primes( 50, ( INT rp, ip )VOID: plot[ rp, ip ] := "*" );
    print( ( newline, newline ) );
    FOR i FROM 1 LWB plot TO 1 UPB plot DO
        FOR j FROM 2 LWB plot TO 2 UPB plot DO
            print( ( " ", plot[ i, j ] ) )
        OD;
        print( ( newline ) )
    OD
END
Output:
 -9-4i -9+4i -8-5i -8-3i -8+3i -8+5i -7-2i -7+0i -7+2i -6-5i -6-1i -6+1i
 -6+5i -5-8i -5-6i -5-4i -5-2i -5+2i -5+4i -5+6i -5+8i -4-9i -4-5i -4-1i
 -4+1i -4+5i -4+9i -3-8i -3-2i -3+0i -3+2i -3+8i -2-7i -2-5i -2-3i -2-1i
 -2+1i -2+3i -2+5i -2+7i -1-6i -1-4i -1-2i -1-1i -1+1i -1+2i -1+4i -1+6i
 -0-7i -0-3i -0+3i -0+7i  1-6i  1-4i  1-2i  1-1i  1+1i  1+2i  1+4i  1+6i
  2-7i  2-5i  2-3i  2-1i  2+1i  2+3i  2+5i  2+7i  3-8i  3-2i  3+0i  3+2i
  3+8i  4-9i  4-5i  4-1i  4+1i  4+5i  4+9i  5-8i  5-6i  5-4i  5-2i  5+2i
  5+4i  5+6i  5+8i  6-5i  6-1i  6+1i  6+5i  7-2i  7+0i  7+2i  8-5i  8-3i
  8+3i  8+5i  9-4i  9+4i
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F#

This task uses Extensible Prime Generator (F#)

// Gaussian primes. Nigel Galloway: July 29th., 2022
let isGP=function (n,0)|(0,n)->let n=abs n in n%4=3 && isPrime n |(n,g)->isPrime(n*n+g*g)
Seq.allPairs [-9..9] [-9..9]|>Seq.filter isGP|>Seq.iter(fun(n,g)->printf $"""%d{n}%s{match g with 0->"" |g->sprintf $"%+d{g}i"} """); printfn ""
Output:
-9-4i -9+4i -8-7i -8-5i -8-3i -8+3i -8+5i -8+7i -7-8i -7-2i -7 -7+2i -7+8i -6-5i -6-1i -6+1i -6+5i -5-8i -5-6i -5-4i -5-2i -5+2i -5+4i -5+6i -5+8i -4-9i -4-5i -4-1i -4+1i -4+5i -4+9i -3-8i -3-2i -3 -3+2i -3+8i -2-7i -2-5i -2-3i -2-1i -2+1i -2+3i -2+5i -2+7i -1-6i -1-4i -1-2i -1-1i -1+1i -1+2i -1+4i -1+6i 0-7i 0-3i 0+3i 0+7i 1-6i 1-4i 1-2i 1-1i 1+1i 1+2i 1+4i 1+6i 2-7i 2-5i 2-3i 2-1i 2+1i 2+3i 2+5i 2+7i 3-8i 3-2i 3 3+2i 3+8i 4-9i 4-5i 4-1i 4+1i 4+5i 4+9i 5-8i 5-6i 5-4i 5-2i 5+2i 5+4i 5+6i 5+8i 6-5i 6-1i 6+1i 6+5i 7-8i 7-2i 7 7+2i 7+8i 8-7i 8-5i 8-3i 8+3i 8+5i 8+7i 9-4i 9+4i

FreeBASIC

'#include "isprime.bas"

Function isGaussianPrime(realPart As Integer, imagPart As Integer) As Boolean
    Dim As Integer norm = realPart * realPart + imagPart * imagPart
    If realPart = 0 Andalso imagPart <> 0 Then
        Return (Abs(imagPart) Mod 4 = 3) Andalso isPrime(Abs(imagPart))
    Elseif imagPart = 0 And realPart <> 0 Then
        Return (Abs(realPart) Mod 4 = 3) Andalso isPrime(Abs(realPart))
    Else
        Return isPrime(norm)
    End If
End Function

Print "Gaussian primes within 10 of the origin on the complex plane:"
Dim As Integer i, j, norm, radius = 50
For i = -radius To radius
    For j = -radius To radius
        norm = i * i + j * j
        If norm < 100 Andalso isGaussianPrime(i, j) Then 
            Print Using "##"; i;
            Print Iif(j >= 0, "+", "");
            Print j & "i",
        End If
    Next j
Next i

Sleep

J

Implementation:
isgpri=: {{
  if. 1 p: (*+) y do. 1 return. end.
  int=. |(+.y)-.0
  if. 1=#int do. {.(1 p: int) * 3=4|int else. 0 end.
}}"0

Online plot of gaussian primes up to radius 100. (Hit "Run" in the upper right-hand corner.)

Plot of gaussian primes up to radius 50:
   1j1#"1'#' (<"1]50++.(#~ isgpri * 50>:|) ,j./~i:100)} '+' (<50 50)} '|' 50}"1 '-' 50} 100 100$' '
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          #           #       #       #   #       #           #                   #       #       # | #       #       #                   #           #       #   #       #       #           #         
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                                                                                        #   #       |       #   #                                                                                       
Gaussian primes less than radius 10 (sorted by radius):
   10 10$(/: |)(#~ isgpri * 10>|) ,j./~i:10
_1j_1 _1j1  1j_1  1j1 _2j_1 _2j1 _1j_2 _1j2  1j_2  1j2
 2j_1  2j1    _3 0j_3   0j3    3 _3j_2 _3j2 _2j_3 _2j3
 2j_3  2j3  3j_2  3j2 _4j_1 _4j1 _1j_4 _1j4  1j_4  1j4
 4j_1  4j1 _5j_2 _5j2 _2j_5 _2j5  2j_5  2j5  5j_2  5j2
_6j_1 _6j1 _1j_6 _1j6  1j_6  1j6  6j_1  6j1 _5j_4 _5j4
_4j_5 _4j5  4j_5  4j5  5j_4  5j4    _7 0j_7   0j7    7
_7j_2 _7j2 _2j_7 _2j7  2j_7  2j7  7j_2  7j2 _6j_5 _6j5
_5j_6 _5j6  5j_6  5j6  6j_5  6j5 _8j_3 _8j3 _3j_8 _3j8
 3j_8  3j8  8j_3  8j3 _8j_5 _8j5 _5j_8 _5j8  5j_8  5j8
 8j_5  8j5 _9j_4 _9j4 _4j_9 _4j9  4j_9  4j9  9j_4  9j4

jq

In this entry, complex numbers are uniformly represented by a two-element array, [real, imaginary], and the function Gprimes(r) emits the Gaussian primes with norm less than r. For the first task, they are displayed in groups, with each group having the same real part.

To use gnuplot to create a plot of the Gaussian primes with norm less than 100, run the program with `plot(100)` (using the jq options `-nr`) to create a file, say gaussian.dat, and then run the gnuplot command:

plot "gaussian.dat" with dots

Preliminaries

### Complex numbers

# For clarity:
def real: first;
def imag: last;

# Complex or real
def norm:
  def sq: .*.;
  if type == "number" then sq
  else map(sq) | add
  end;

# Complex or real
def abs:
  if type == "array" then norm | sqrt
  elif . < 0 then - . else .
  end;

def lpad($len): tostring | ($len - length) as $l | (" " * $l)[:$l] + .;

# Input should be an integer
def isPrime:
  . as $n
  | if ($n < 2)         then false
    elif ($n % 2 == 0)  then $n == 2
    elif ($n % 3 == 0)  then $n == 3
    else 5
    | until( . <= 0;
        if .*. > $n then -1
	elif ($n % . == 0) then 0
        else . + 2
        |  if ($n % . == 0) then 0
           else . + 4
           end
        end)
     | . == -1
     end;

# Given a stream of non-null values, 
# group by the values of `x|filter` that occur in a run.
def runs(stream; filter):
  foreach (stream, null) as $x ({emit: false, array: []};
    if $x == null 
    then .emit = .array
    elif .array == [] or ($x|filter) == (.array[0]|filter) 
    then .array += [$x] | .emit = false
    else {emit: .array, array: [$x]}
    end;
    select(.emit).emit)  ;

Gaussian Primes

# emit a stream of Gaussian primes with real and imaginary parts within the given radius
def GPrimes($Radius):
  def check: abs | isPrime and ((. - 3) % 4 == 0);
  ($Radius | norm) as $R2
  | range(-$Radius; $Radius + 1) as $r
  | range(-$Radius; $Radius + 1) as $i
  | [$r, $i]
  | norm as $norm
  | select( $norm < $R2 )
  | if   $i == 0  then select($r|check)
    elif $r == 0  then select($i|check)
    else               select($norm|isPrime)
    end ;
    
def plot($Radius):
  "# X Y",
  (GPrimes($Radius) | "\(first) \(last)");

Tasks

# For the first task:
"Gaussian primes with norm < 100, grouped by the real part:",
 (runs(GPrimes(10); real) | map(tostring) | join(" "))

# For the plot:
# plot(100)
Output:

Invocation: jq -nc -f gaussian-primes.jq

Gaussian primes with norm < 100, grouped by the real part:
[-9,-4] [-9,4]
[-8,-5] [-8,-3] [-8,3] [-8,5]
[-7,-2] [-7,0] [-7,2]
[-6,-5] [-6,-1] [-6,1] [-6,5]
[-5,-8] [-5,-6] [-5,-4] [-5,-2] [-5,2] [-5,4] [-5,6] [-5,8]
[-4,-9] [-4,-5] [-4,-1] [-4,1] [-4,5] [-4,9]
[-3,-8] [-3,-2] [-3,0] [-3,2] [-3,8]
[-2,-7] [-2,-5] [-2,-3] [-2,-1] [-2,1] [-2,3] [-2,5] [-2,7]
[-1,-6] [-1,-4] [-1,-2] [-1,-1] [-1,1] [-1,2] [-1,4] [-1,6]
[0,-7] [0,-3] [0,3] [0,7]
[1,-6] [1,-4] [1,-2] [1,-1] [1,1] [1,2] [1,4] [1,6]
[2,-7] [2,-5] [2,-3] [2,-1] [2,1] [2,3] [2,5] [2,7]
[3,-8] [3,-2] [3,0] [3,2] [3,8]
[4,-9] [4,-5] [4,-1] [4,1] [4,5] [4,9]
[5,-8] [5,-6] [5,-4] [5,-2] [5,2] [5,4] [5,6] [5,8]
[6,-5] [6,-1] [6,1] [6,5]
[7,-2] [7,0] [7,2]
[8,-5] [8,-3] [8,3] [8,5]
[9,-4] [9,4]

Julia

using LinearAlgebra
using Plots
using Primes

"""
    function isGaussianprime(n::Complex{T}) where T <: Integer

A Gaussian prime is a non-unit Gaussian integer m + ni divisible only by its associates and by the units
1, i, -1, -i and by no other Gaussian integers.

The Gaussian primes fall into one of three categories:

Gaussian integers with imaginary part zero and a prime real part m with |m| a real prime satisfying |m| = 3 mod 4
Gaussian integers with real part zero and an imaginary part n with |n| real prime satisfying  |n| = 3 mod 4
Gaussian integers having both real and imaginary parts, and its complex norm (square of algebraic norm) is a real prime number
"""
function isGaussianprime(n::Complex{T}) where T <: Integer
    r, c = abs(real(n)), abs(imag(n))
    return isprime(r * r + c * c) || c == 0 && isprime(r) && (r - 3) % 4 == 0 || r == 0 && isprime(c) && (c - 3) % 4 == 0
end

function testgaussprimes(lim = 10)
    testvals = map(c -> c[1] + im * c[2], collect(Iterators.product(-lim:lim, -lim:lim)))
    gprimes = sort!(filter(c -> isGaussianprime(c) && norm(c) < lim, testvals), by = norm)
    println("Gaussian primes within $lim of the origin on the complex plane:")
    foreach(p -> print(lpad(p[2], 10), p[1] % 10 == 0 ? "\n" : ""), enumerate(gprimes)) # print
    scatter(gprimes)  # plot
end

testgaussprimes()
Output:
Gaussian primes within 10 of the origin on the complex plane:
   1 + 1im   1 - 1im  -1 - 1im  -1 + 1im   1 + 2im  -2 + 1im   2 + 1im   2 - 1im  -2 - 1im   1 - 2im
  -1 - 2im  -1 + 2im   3 + 0im  -3 + 0im   0 - 3im   0 + 3im  -3 - 2im  -2 + 3im   3 + 2im   3 - 2im
  -2 - 3im   2 + 3im   2 - 3im  -3 + 2im   4 + 1im   4 - 1im  -1 + 4im  -4 - 1im  -4 + 1im  -1 - 4im
   1 - 4im   1 + 4im   5 - 2im   2 + 5im  -5 + 2im  -5 - 2im   5 + 2im  -2 + 5im   2 - 5im  -2 - 5im
   1 - 6im  -6 + 1im   6 + 1im  -6 - 1im  -1 - 6im  -1 + 6im   1 + 6im   6 - 1im  -4 + 5im   5 + 4im
  -5 + 4im   4 + 5im   5 - 4im  -5 - 4im   4 - 5im  -4 - 5im   0 + 7im  -7 + 0im   0 - 7im   7 + 0im
   7 + 2im  -2 + 7im  -2 - 7im   2 - 7im   2 + 7im   7 - 2im  -7 - 2im  -7 + 2im   6 - 5im  -6 - 5im
   5 + 6im  -5 - 6im   5 - 6im  -6 + 5im  -5 + 6im   6 + 5im   3 + 8im  -8 + 3im   8 + 3im  -3 + 8im
  -8 - 3im   8 - 3im   3 - 8im  -3 - 8im   8 + 5im  -5 - 8im  -5 + 8im   5 - 8im  -8 + 5im  -8 - 5im
   8 - 5im   5 + 8im  -4 + 9im  -4 - 9im   9 + 4im  -9 + 4im   9 - 4im  -9 - 4im   4 - 9im   4 + 9im

Mathematica/Wolfram Language

n = 100;
digs = Reap@Do[If[Norm[i + I j]^2 < n, If[PrimeQ[i + I j, GaussianIntegers -> True], Sow[i + I j]]],
         {i,Floor[-Sqrt[n]], Ceiling[Sqrt[n]]}, {j, Floor[-Sqrt[n]], Ceiling[Sqrt[n]]}
       ];
Multicolumn[digs[[2, 1]], Appearance -> "Horizontal"]

n = 50^2;
digs = Table[If[Norm[i + I j]^2 < n, If[PrimeQ[i + I j, GaussianIntegers -> True], "*", " "], " "], 
        {i,Floor[-Sqrt[n]], Ceiling[Sqrt[n]]}, {j, Floor[-Sqrt[n]], Ceiling[Sqrt[n]]}
      ];
digs //= Map[StringJoin];
digs //= StringRiffle[#, "\n"] &;
digs
Output:
-9-4 I	-9+4 I	-8-5 I	-8-3 I	-8+3 I	-8+5 I	-7-2 I	-7	-7+2 I	-6-5 I
-6-I	-6+I	-6+5 I	-5-8 I	-5-6 I	-5-4 I	-5-2 I	-5+2 I	-5+4 I	-5+6 I
-5+8 I	-4-9 I	-4-5 I	-4-I	-4+I	-4+5 I	-4+9 I	-3-8 I	-3-2 I	-3
-3+2 I	-3+8 I	-2-7 I	-2-5 I	-2-3 I	-2-I	-2+I	-2+3 I	-2+5 I	-2+7 I
-1-6 I	-1-4 I	-1-2 I	-1-I	-1+I	-1+2 I	-1+4 I	-1+6 I	-7 I	-3 I
3 I	7 I	1-6 I	1-4 I	1-2 I	1-I	1+I	1+2 I	1+4 I	1+6 I
2-7 I	2-5 I	2-3 I	2-I	2+I	2+3 I	2+5 I	2+7 I	3-8 I	3-2 I
3	3+2 I	3+8 I	4-9 I	4-5 I	4-I	4+I	4+5 I	4+9 I	5-8 I
5-6 I	5-4 I	5-2 I	5+2 I	5+4 I	5+6 I	5+8 I	6-5 I	6-I	6+I
6+5 I	7-2 I	7	7+2 I	8-5 I	8-3 I	8+3 I	8+5 I	9-4 I	9+4 I


                                                                                                     
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Nim

import std/[algorithm, math, strformat]
import gnuplot

type IntComplex = tuple[re, im: int]

func isPrime(n: Natural): bool =
  if n < 2: return false
  if (n and 1) == 0: return n == 2
  var d = 3
  while d * d <= n:
    if n mod d == 0:
      return false
    inc d, 2
  result = true

func norm(c: IntComplex): Natural =
  c.re * c.re + c.im * c.im

func `$`(c: IntComplex): string =
  if c.im == 0: return $c.re
  if c.re == 0: return $c.im & 'i'
  let op = if c.im > 0: '+' else: '-'
  result = &"{c.re}{op}{abs(c.im)}i"

func isGaussianPrime(c: IntComplex): bool =
  if c.re == 0:
    let x = abs(c.im)
    return x.isPrime and (x and 3) == 3
  if c.im == 0:
    let x = abs(c.re)
    return x.isPrime and (x and 3) == 3
  result = c.norm.isPrime

func gaussianPrimes(maxNorm: Positive): seq[IntComplex] =
  var gpList: seq[IntComplex]
  let m = sqrt(maxNorm.toFloat).int
  for x in -m..m:
    for y in -m..m:
      let c = (x, y)
      if c.norm < maxNorm and c.isGaussianPrime:
        gpList.add c
  result = gpList.sortedByIt(it.norm)

echo "Gaussian primes with a norm less than 100 sorted by norm:"
for i, gp in gaussianPrimes(100):
  stdout.write &"{gp:>5}"
  stdout.write if i mod 10 == 9: '\n' else: ' '

var x, y: seq[int]
for gp in gaussianPrimes(150^2):
  x.add gp.re
  y.add gp.im

withGnuPlot:
  cmd "set size ratio -1"
  plot(x, y, "Gaussian primes", "with dots lw 2")
Output:
Gaussian primes with a norm less than 100 sorted by norm:
-1-1i -1+1i  1-1i  1+1i -2-1i -2+1i -1-2i -1+2i  1-2i  1+2i
 2-1i  2+1i    -3   -3i    3i     3 -3-2i -3+2i -2-3i -2+3i
 2-3i  2+3i  3-2i  3+2i -4-1i -4+1i -1-4i -1+4i  1-4i  1+4i
 4-1i  4+1i -5-2i -5+2i -2-5i -2+5i  2-5i  2+5i  5-2i  5+2i
-6-1i -6+1i -1-6i -1+6i  1-6i  1+6i  6-1i  6+1i -5-4i -5+4i
-4-5i -4+5i  4-5i  4+5i  5-4i  5+4i    -7   -7i    7i     7
-7-2i -7+2i -2-7i -2+7i  2-7i  2+7i  7-2i  7+2i -6-5i -6+5i
-5-6i -5+6i  5-6i  5+6i  6-5i  6+5i -8-3i -8+3i -3-8i -3+8i
 3-8i  3+8i  8-3i  8+3i -8-5i -8+5i -5-8i -5+8i  5-8i  5+8i
 8-5i  8+5i -9-4i -9+4i -4-9i -4+9i  4-9i  4+9i  9-4i  9+4i

Perl

Library: ntheory
#!/usr/bin/perl

use strict; # https://rosettacode.org/wiki/Gaussian_primes
use warnings;
use ntheory qw( is_prime );

my ($plot, @primes) = gaussianprimes(10);
print "Primes within 10\n", join(',  ', @primes) =~ s/.{94}\K  /\n/gr;
($plot, @primes) = gaussianprimes(50);
print "\n\nPlot within 50\n$plot";

sub gaussianprimes
  {
  my $size = shift;
  my $plot = ( ' ' x (2 * $size + 1) . "\n" ) x (2 * $size + 1);
  my @primes;
  for my $A ( -$size .. $size )
    {
    my $limit = int sqrt $size**2 - $A**2;
    for my $B ( -$limit .. $limit )
      {
      my $norm = $A**2 + $B**2;
      if ( is_prime( $norm )
      or ( $A==0 && is_prime(abs $B) && (abs($B)-3)%4 == 0)
      or ( $B==0 && is_prime(abs $A) && (abs($A)-3)%4 == 0) )
        {
          push @primes, sprintf("%2d%2di", $A, $B) =~ s/ (\di)/+$1/r;
          substr $plot, ($B + $size + 1) * (2 * $size + 2) + $A + $size + 1, 1, 'X';
        }
      }
    }
  return $plot, @primes;
  }
Output:
Primes within 10
-9-4i,  -9+4i,  -8-5i,  -8-3i,  -8+3i,  -8+5i,  -7-2i,  -7+0i,  -7+2i,  -6-5i,  -6-1i,  -6+1i,
-6+5i,  -5-8i,  -5-6i,  -5-4i,  -5-2i,  -5+2i,  -5+4i,  -5+6i,  -5+8i,  -4-9i,  -4-5i,  -4-1i,
-4+1i,  -4+5i,  -4+9i,  -3-8i,  -3-2i,  -3+0i,  -3+2i,  -3+8i,  -2-7i,  -2-5i,  -2-3i,  -2-1i,
-2+1i,  -2+3i,  -2+5i,  -2+7i,  -1-6i,  -1-4i,  -1-2i,  -1-1i,  -1+1i,  -1+2i,  -1+4i,  -1+6i,
 0-7i,   0-3i,   0+3i,   0+7i,   1-6i,   1-4i,   1-2i,   1-1i,   1+1i,   1+2i,   1+4i,   1+6i,
 2-7i,   2-5i,   2-3i,   2-1i,   2+1i,   2+3i,   2+5i,   2+7i,   3-8i,   3-2i,   3+0i,   3+2i,
 3+8i,   4-9i,   4-5i,   4-1i,   4+1i,   4+5i,   4+9i,   5-8i,   5-6i,   5-4i,   5-2i,   5+2i,
 5+4i,   5+6i,   5+8i,   6-5i,   6-1i,   6+1i,   6+5i,   7-2i,   7+0i,   7+2i,   8-5i,   8-3i,
 8+3i,   8+5i,   9-4i,   9+4i
Plot within 50
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Phix

Library: Phix/pGUI
Library: Phix/online

You can run this online here.

--
-- demo/rosetta/Gaussian_primes.exw
-- ================================
--
with javascript_semantics

function gaussian_primes(integer radius)
    integer sq_radius = radius*radius
    sequence res = {}
    for i=1 to radius do
        if remainder(i,4)=3 then
            res = append(res,{i*i,i,0})
        end if
        integer i2 = i*i
        for j=i to radius do
            integer r = i2+j*j
            if r>sq_radius then exit end if
            if is_prime(r) then
                res = append(res,{r,j,i})
            end if
        end for
    end for
    res = sort(res)
    return res
end function

include builtins\complex.e
function gpp(integer i, j)
    return pad_head(complex_sprint({i,j}),6)
end function

function g4(integer i,j)
    sequence res = {gpp(i,j)}
    if i!=0 then
        res = append(res,gpp(-i,j))
        if j!=0 then
            res = append(res,gpp(-i,-j))
        end if
    end if
    if j!=0 then
        res = append(res,gpp(i,-j))
    end if
    return res
end function

function reflect(sequence g)
    sequence res = {}
    for p in g do
        integer {n,i,j} = p
        res &= g4(i,j)
        if i!=j then res &= g4(j,i) end if
    end for
    return res
end function

sequence g = gaussian_primes(10)

printf(1,"Gaussian primes with a norm less than 100 sorted by norm:\n%s\n",
         {join_by(reflect(g),1,10," ")})

--g = gaussian_primes(50) -- (radius of 50)
g = gaussian_primes(150) -- (radius of 150)

constant title = "Gaussian primes"
include pGUI.e

Ihandle dlg, canvas
cdCanvas cddbuffer, cdcanvas
integer cx, cy

procedure plot4(integer i,j)
    for im=+1 to -1 by -2 do
        for jm=+1 to -1 by -2 do
            cdCanvasPixel(cddbuffer, cx+im*i, cy+jm*j, CD_YELLOW) 
        end for
    end for
end procedure

function redraw_cb(Ihandle /*ih*/)
    integer {width, height} = IupGetIntInt(canvas, "DRAWSIZE")
    cx = floor(width/2)
    cy = floor(height/2)
    cdCanvasActivate(cddbuffer)
    cdCanvasClear(cddbuffer)
    for p in g do
        integer {n,i,j} = p
        plot4(i,j)
        plot4(j,i)
    end for
    cdCanvasFlush(cddbuffer)
    return IUP_DEFAULT
end function

function map_cb(Ihandle ih)
    cdcanvas = cdCreateCanvas(CD_IUP, ih)
    cddbuffer = cdCreateCanvas(CD_DBUFFER, cdcanvas)
    cdCanvasSetBackground(cddbuffer, CD_BLACK)
    return IUP_DEFAULT
end function

IupOpen()
--canvas = IupCanvas("RASTERSIZE=320x320")
canvas = IupCanvas("RASTERSIZE=340x340")
IupSetCallbacks(canvas, {"MAP_CB", Icallback("map_cb"),
                         "ACTION", Icallback("redraw_cb")})
dlg = IupDialog(canvas, `TITLE="%s",RESIZE=NO`,{title})
IupShow(dlg)
if platform()!=JS then
    IupMainLoop()
    IupClose()
end if

Output same as Raku

Python

''' python example for task rosettacode.org/wiki/Gaussian_primes '''

from matplotlib.pyplot import scatter
from sympy import isprime
from math import isqrt

def norm(c):
    ''' Task complex norm function '''
    return c.real * c.real + c.imag * c.imag


def is_gaussian_prime(n):
    '''
        is_gaussian_prime(n)
     
    A Gaussian prime is a non-unit Gaussian integer m + ni divisible only by its associates and by the units
    1, i, -1, -i and by no other Gaussian integers.
     
    The Gaussian primes fall into one of three categories:
     
    Gaussian integers with imaginary part zero and a prime real part m with |m| a real prime satisfying |m| = 3 mod 4
    Gaussian integers with real part zero and an imaginary part n with |n| real prime satisfying  |n| = 3 mod 4
    Gaussian integers having both real and imaginary parts, and its complex norm (square of algebraic norm) is a real prime number
    '''
    r, c = int(abs(n.real)), int(abs(n.imag))
    return isprime(r * r + c * c) or c == 0 and isprime(r) and (r - 3) % 4 == 0 or r == 0 and isprime(c) and (c - 3) % 4 == 0

if __name__ == '__main__':

    limitsquared = 100
    lim = isqrt(limitsquared)
    testvals = [complex(r, c) for r in range(-lim, lim) for c in range(-lim, lim)]
    gprimes = sorted(filter(lambda c : is_gaussian_prime(c) and norm(c) < limitsquared, testvals), key=norm)
    print(f'Gaussian primes within {isqrt(limitsquared)} of the origin on the complex plane:')
    for i, c in enumerate(gprimes):
        print(str(c).ljust(9), end='\n' if (i +1) % 10 == 0 else '')
    scatter([c.real for c in gprimes], [c.imag for c in gprimes])
Output:
Gaussian primes within 10 of the origin on the complex plane:
(-1-1j)  (-1+1j)  (1-1j)   (1+1j)   (-2-1j)  (-2+1j)  (-1-2j)  (-1+2j)  (1-2j)   (1+2j)   
(2-1j)   (2+1j)   (-3+0j)  -3j      3j       (3+0j)   (-3-2j)  (-3+2j)  (-2-3j)  (-2+3j)  
(2-3j)   (2+3j)   (3-2j)   (3+2j)   (-4-1j)  (-4+1j)  (-1-4j)  (-1+4j)  (1-4j)   (1+4j)   
(4-1j)   (4+1j)   (-5-2j)  (-5+2j)  (-2-5j)  (-2+5j)  (2-5j)   (2+5j)   (5-2j)   (5+2j)   
(-6-1j)  (-6+1j)  (-1-6j)  (-1+6j)  (1-6j)   (1+6j)   (6-1j)   (6+1j)   (-5-4j)  (-5+4j)  
(-4-5j)  (-4+5j)  (4-5j)   (4+5j)   (5-4j)   (5+4j)   (-7+0j)  -7j      7j       (7+0j)   
(-7-2j)  (-7+2j)  (-2-7j)  (-2+7j)  (2-7j)   (2+7j)   (7-2j)   (7+2j)   (-6-5j)  (-6+5j)  
(-5-6j)  (-5+6j)  (5-6j)   (5+6j)   (6-5j)   (6+5j)   (-8-3j)  (-8+3j)  (-3-8j)  (-3+8j)  
(3-8j)   (3+8j)   (8-3j)   (8+3j)   (-8-5j)  (-8+5j)  (-5-8j)  (-5+8j)  (5-8j)   (5+8j)   
(8-5j)   (8+5j)   (-9-4j)  (-9+4j)  (-4-9j)  (-4+9j)  (4-9j)   (4+9j)   (9-4j)   (9+4j)

Quackery

eratosthenes and isprime are defined at Sieve of Eratosthenes#Quackery.

  [ $ "turtleduck.qky" loadfile ] now!

  [ ' [ 0 0 0 ] fill
      [ 12 5 circle ] ] is dot  (     -->   )

  [ 6 * 1 fly
    -1 4 turn
    6 * 1 fly
    1 4 turn ]          is toxy ( n n -->   )

  [ 2dup toxy
    dot
    1 2 turn
    toxy
    1 2 turn ]          is plot ( n n -->   )

  [ 4 times
      [ 300 1 walk
        -300 1 fly
        1 4 turn ] ]    is axes (     -->   )

  [ dup * ]             is ^2   (   n --> n )

  [ ^2 swap ^2 + ]      is norm ( n n --> n )

  4000 eratosthenes

  [ 2dup
    0 !=
    swap 0 != and iff
      [ norm isprime ]
      done
    + abs
    dup 4 mod 3 =
    swap isprime and ]  is gprime ( n n --> b )

  []
  20 ^2 1+ times
    [ i^ 20 /mod
      10 - dip [ 10 - ]
      2dup norm 10 ^2 > iff
        2drop done
      2dup gprime iff
        [ join
          nested join ]
      else 2drop ]
  [] swap
  witheach
    [ char [ swap
      2 times
      [ behead rot swap
          dup -1 > if
            [ swap space join
              swap ]
          number$ join
          swap ]
      drop
      char ] join
      nested join ]
  72 wrap$

  turtle
  0 frames
  axes
  100 ^2 1+ times
    [ i^ 100 /mod
      50 - dip [ 50 - ]
      2dup norm 50 ^2 > iff
        2drop done
      2dup gprime iff
        plot else 2drop ]
  1 frames
Output:
[-9-4] [-9 4] [-8-5] [-8-3] [-8 3] [-8 5] [-7-2] [-7 0] [-7 2] [-6-5]
[-6-1] [-6 1] [-6 5] [-5-8] [-5-6] [-5-4] [-5-2] [-5 2] [-5 4] [-5 6]
[-5 8] [-4-9] [-4-5] [-4-1] [-4 1] [-4 5] [-4 9] [-3-8] [-3-2] [-3 0]
[-3 2] [-3 8] [-2-7] [-2-5] [-2-3] [-2-1] [-2 1] [-2 3] [-2 5] [-2 7]
[-1-6] [-1-4] [-1-2] [-1-1] [-1 1] [-1 2] [-1 4] [-1 6] [ 0-7] [ 0-3]
[ 0 3] [ 0 7] [ 1-6] [ 1-4] [ 1-2] [ 1-1] [ 1 1] [ 1 2] [ 1 4] [ 1 6]
[ 2-7] [ 2-5] [ 2-3] [ 2-1] [ 2 1] [ 2 3] [ 2 5] [ 2 7] [ 3-8] [ 3-2]
[ 3 0] [ 3 2] [ 3 8] [ 4-9] [ 4-5] [ 4-1] [ 4 1] [ 4 5] [ 4 9] [ 5-8]
[ 5-6] [ 5-4] [ 5-2] [ 5 2] [ 5 4] [ 5 6] [ 5 8] [ 6-5] [ 6-1] [ 6 1]
[ 6 5] [ 7-2] [ 7 0] [ 7 2] [ 8-5] [ 8-3] [ 8 3] [ 8 5] [ 9-4] [ 9 4]

Raku

Plotting the points up to a radius of 150.

use List::Divvy;

my @next = { :1x, :1y, :2n },;

sub next-interval (Int $int) {
     @next.append: (^$int).map: { %( :x($int), :y($_), :n($int² + .²) ) };
     @next = |@next.sort: *.<n>;
}

my @gaussian = lazy gather {
    my $interval = 1;
    loop {
        my @this = @next.shift;
        @this.push: @next.shift while @next and @next[0]<n> == @this[0]<n>;
        for @this {
            .take if .<n>.is-prime || (!.<y> && .<x>.is-prime && (.<x> - 3) %% 4);
            next-interval(++$interval) if $interval == .<x>
        }
    }
}

# Primes within a radius of 10 from origin
say "Gaussian primes with a norm less than 100 sorted by norm:";
say @gaussian.&before(*.<n> > 10²).map( {
     my (\i, \j) = .<x y>;
    flat ((i,j),(-i,j),(-i,-j),(i,-j),(j,i),(-j,i),(-j,-i),(j,-i)).map: {
        .[0] ?? .[1] ?? (sprintf "%d%s%di", .[0], (.[1] ≥ 0 ?? '+' !! ''), .[1]) !! .[0] !! "{.[1]}i"
    }} )».subst('1i', 'i', :g)».fmt("%6s")».unique.flat.batch(10).join: "\n" ;


# Plot points within a 150 radius
use SVG;

my @points = unique flat @gaussian.&before(*.<n> > 150²).map: {
    my (\i, \j) = .<x y>;
    do for (i,j),(-i,j),(-i,-j),(i,-j),(j,i),(-j,i),(-j,-i),(j,-i) {
        :use['xlink:href'=>'#point', 'transform'=>"translate({500 + 3 × .[0]},{500 + 3 × .[1]})"]
    }
}

'gaussian-primes-raku.svg'.IO.spurt: SVG.serialize(
    svg => [
        :width<1000>, :height<1000>,
        :rect[:width<100%>, :height<100%>, :style<fill:black;>],
        :defs[:g[:id<point>, :circle[:0cx, :0cy, :2r, :fill('gold')]]],
        |@points
    ],
);
Output:
Gaussian primes with a norm less than 100 sorted by norm:
   1+i   -1+i   -1-i    1-i    2+i   -2+i   -2-i    2-i   1+2i  -1+2i
 -1-2i   1-2i      3     -3     3i    -3i   3+2i  -3+2i  -3-2i   3-2i
  2+3i  -2+3i  -2-3i   2-3i    4+i   -4+i   -4-i    4-i   1+4i  -1+4i
 -1-4i   1-4i   5+2i  -5+2i  -5-2i   5-2i   2+5i  -2+5i  -2-5i   2-5i
   6+i   -6+i   -6-i    6-i   1+6i  -1+6i  -1-6i   1-6i   5+4i  -5+4i
 -5-4i   5-4i   4+5i  -4+5i  -4-5i   4-5i      7     -7     7i    -7i
  7+2i  -7+2i  -7-2i   7-2i   2+7i  -2+7i  -2-7i   2-7i   6+5i  -6+5i
 -6-5i   6-5i   5+6i  -5+6i  -5-6i   5-6i   8+3i  -8+3i  -8-3i   8-3i
  3+8i  -3+8i  -3-8i   3-8i   8+5i  -8+5i  -8-5i   8-5i   5+8i  -5+8i
 -5-8i   5-8i   9+4i  -9+4i  -9-4i   9-4i   4+9i  -4+9i  -4-9i   4-9i

Off-site SVG image: gaussian-primes-raku.svg

RPL

« → radius
  « { }
    1 radius FOR a
       0 a FOR b
          IF a SQ b SQ + radius SQ ≤ THEN 
             { }
             IF b THEN
                IF a SQ b SQ + ISPRIME? THEN
                   a b R→C DUP CONJ OVER NEG DUP CONJ 4 →LIST +
                END
             ELSE
                IF a ISPRIME? a 4 MOD 3 == AND THEN
                   a DUP NEG 2 →LIST +
                END
             END
             IF DUP SIZE THEN 
                IF a b ≠ THEN DUP (0,1) * + END
                + 
             ELSE DROP END
          END
    NEXT NEXT             
» » 'GPRIMES' STO

« 10 GPRIMES
  (-50 -50) PMIN (50 50) PMAX ERASE
  50 GPRIMES 1 « IF DUP IM NOT THEN 0 R→C END PIXON » DOLIST
  { } PVIEW 
» 'TASK' STO  
Gaussian primes within radius 50
HP-48G emulator screenshot
Output:
1: { (1.,1.) (1.,-1.) (-1.,-1.) (-1.,1.) (2.,1.) (2.,-1.) (-2.,-1.) (-2.,1.) (-1.,2.) (1.,2.) (1.,-2.) (-1.,-2.) 3 -3 (0.,3.) (0.,-3.) (3.,2.) (3.,-2.) (-3.,-2.) (-3.,2.) (-2.,3.) (2.,3.) (2.,-3.) (-2.,-3.) (4.,1.) (4.,-1.) (-4.,-1.) (-4.,1.) (-1.,4.) (1.,4.) (1.,-4.) (-1.,-4.) (5.,2.) (5.,-2.) (-5.,-2.) (-5.,2.) (-2.,5.) (2.,5.) (2.,-5.) (-2.,-5.) (5.,4.) (5.,-4.) (-5.,-4.) (-5.,4.) (-4.,5.) (4.,5.) (4.,-5.) (-4.,-5.) (6.,1.) (6.,-1.) (-6.,-1.) (-6.,1.) (-1.,6.) (1.,6.) (1.,-6.) (-1.,-6.) (6.,5.) (6.,-5.) (-6.,-5.) (-6.,5.) (-5.,6.) (5.,6.) (5.,-6.) (-5.,-6.) 7 -7 (0.,7.) (0.,-7.) (7.,2.) (7.,-2.) (-7.,-2.) (-7.,2.) (-2.,7.) (2.,7.) (2.,-7.) (-2.,-7.) (8.,3.) (8.,-3.) (-8.,-3.) (-8.,3.) (-3.,8.) (3.,8.) (3.,-8.) (-3.,-8.) (8.,5.) (8.,-5.) (-8.,-5.) (-8.,5.) (-5.,8.) (5.,8.) (5.,-8.) (-5.,-8.) (9.,4.) (9.,-4.) (-9.,-4.) (-9.,4.) (-4.,9.) (4.,9.) (4.,-9.) (-4.,-9.) }

Wren

Library: DOME
Library: Wren-plot
Library: Wren-complex
Library: Wren-math
Library: wren-fmt

Plots the points up to a radius of 150 to produce a similar image to the Raku example.

import "dome" for Window
import "graphics" for Canvas, Color
import "./plot" for Axes
import "./complex" for Complex
import "./math2" for Int
import "./fmt" for Fmt

var norm = Fn.new { |c| c.real * c.real + c.imag * c.imag }

var GPrimes = []
var Radius = 150
for (r in -Radius+1...Radius) {
    for (i in -Radius+1...Radius) {
        if (i == 0) {
            var m = r.abs
            if (Int.isPrime(m) && (m - 3) % 4 == 0) GPrimes.add(Complex.new(r))
        } else if (r == 0) {
            var m = i.abs
            if (Int.isPrime(m) && (m - 3) % 4 == 0) GPrimes.add(Complex.new(0, i))
        } else {
           var n = r * r + i * i
           if (n < Radius * Radius && Int.isPrime(n)) GPrimes.add(Complex.new(r, i))
        }
    }
}

var gp10 = GPrimes.where { |p| norm.call(p) < 100 }.toList
gp10.sort { |i, j|
    var ni = norm.call(i)
    var nj = norm.call(j)
    if (ni != nj) return ni < nj
    if (i.real != j.real) return i.real > j.real
    return i.imag > j.imag
}
System.print("Gaussian primes with a norm less than 100 sorted by norm:")
Fmt.tprint("($ 0.0z) ", gp10, 5)
GPrimes = GPrimes.map { |c| c.toPair }.toList

class Main {
    construct new() {
        Window.title = "Gaussian primes"
        Canvas.resize(1000, 1000)
        Window.resize(1000, 1000)
        Canvas.cls(Color.black)
        var axes = Axes.new(100, 900, 800, 800, -Radius..Radius, -Radius..Radius)
        axes.plot(GPrimes, Color.yellow, "·")
    }

    init() {}

    update() {}

    draw(alpha) {}
}

var Game = Main.new()
Output:

Terminal output:

Gaussian primes with a norm less than 100 sorted by norm:
( 1 + 1i)  ( 1 - 1i)  (-1 + 1i)  (-1 - 1i)  ( 2 + 1i)  
( 2 - 1i)  ( 1 + 2i)  ( 1 - 2i)  (-1 + 2i)  (-1 - 2i)  
(-2 + 1i)  (-2 - 1i)  ( 3 + 0i)  ( 0 + 3i)  ( 0 - 3i)  
(-3 + 0i)  ( 3 + 2i)  ( 3 - 2i)  ( 2 + 3i)  ( 2 - 3i)  
(-2 + 3i)  (-2 - 3i)  (-3 + 2i)  (-3 - 2i)  ( 4 + 1i)  
( 4 - 1i)  ( 1 + 4i)  ( 1 - 4i)  (-1 + 4i)  (-1 - 4i)  
(-4 + 1i)  (-4 - 1i)  ( 5 + 2i)  ( 5 - 2i)  ( 2 + 5i)  
( 2 - 5i)  (-2 + 5i)  (-2 - 5i)  (-5 + 2i)  (-5 - 2i)  
( 6 + 1i)  ( 6 - 1i)  ( 1 + 6i)  ( 1 - 6i)  (-1 + 6i)  
(-1 - 6i)  (-6 + 1i)  (-6 - 1i)  ( 5 + 4i)  ( 5 - 4i)  
( 4 + 5i)  ( 4 - 5i)  (-4 + 5i)  (-4 - 5i)  (-5 + 4i)  
(-5 - 4i)  ( 7 + 0i)  ( 0 + 7i)  ( 0 - 7i)  (-7 + 0i)  
( 7 + 2i)  ( 7 - 2i)  ( 2 + 7i)  ( 2 - 7i)  (-2 + 7i)  
(-2 - 7i)  (-7 + 2i)  (-7 - 2i)  ( 6 + 5i)  ( 6 - 5i)  
( 5 + 6i)  ( 5 - 6i)  (-5 + 6i)  (-5 - 6i)  (-6 + 5i)  
(-6 - 5i)  ( 8 + 3i)  ( 8 - 3i)  ( 3 + 8i)  ( 3 - 8i)  
(-3 + 8i)  (-3 - 8i)  (-8 + 3i)  (-8 - 3i)  ( 8 + 5i)  
( 8 - 5i)  ( 5 + 8i)  ( 5 - 8i)  (-5 + 8i)  (-5 - 8i)  
(-8 + 5i)  (-8 - 5i)  ( 9 + 4i)  ( 9 - 4i)  ( 4 + 9i)  
( 4 - 9i)  (-4 + 9i)  (-4 - 9i)  (-9 + 4i)  (-9 - 4i)