Base64 encode data
(Redirected from Base64)
Base64 encode data is a draft programming task. It is not yet considered ready to be promoted as a complete task, for reasons that should be found in its talk page.
Convert an array of bytes or binary string to the base64-encoding of that string and output that value. Use the icon for Rosetta Code as the data to convert.
See also Base64 decode data.
ABAP
DATA: li_client TYPE REF TO if_http_client,
lv_encoded TYPE string,
lv_data TYPE xstring.
cl_http_client=>create_by_url(
EXPORTING
url = 'http://rosettacode.org/favicon.ico'
IMPORTING
client = li_client ).
li_client->send( ).
li_client->receive( ).
lv_data = li_client->response->get_data( ).
CALL FUNCTION 'SSFC_BASE64_ENCODE'
EXPORTING
bindata = lv_data
IMPORTING
b64data = lv_encoded.
WHILE strlen( lv_encoded ) > 100.
WRITE: / lv_encoded(100).
lv_encoded = lv_encoded+100.
ENDWHILE.
WRITE: / lv_encoded.
- Output:
AAABAAIAEBAAAAAAAABoBQAAJgAAACAgAAAAAAAAqAgAAI4FAAAoAAAAEAAAACAAAAABAAgAAAAAAEABAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA ... AAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAE=
Action!
INCLUDE "D2:IO.ACT" ;from the Action! Tool Kit
PROC Encode(BYTE ARRAY buf BYTE len CHAR ARRAY res)
CHAR ARRAY chars(65)="ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/"
BYTE b
res(0)=4
b=buf(0) RSH 2
res(1)=chars(b+1)
b=(buf(0)&$03) LSH 4
b==%buf(1) RSH 4
res(2)=chars(b+1)
IF len<2 THEN
res(3)='=
ELSE
b=(buf(1)&$0F) LSH 2
b==%buf(2) RSH 6
res(3)=chars(b+1)
FI
IF len<3 THEN
res(4)='=
ELSE
b=buf(2)&$3F
res(4)=chars(b+1)
FI
RETURN
PROC EncodeFile(CHAR ARRAY fname)
DEFINE BUFLEN="3"
BYTE dev=[1],len
BYTE ARRAY buf(BUFLEN)
CHAR ARRAY res(5)
Close(dev)
Open(dev,fname,4)
DO
buf(1)=0 buf(2)=0
len=Bget(dev,buf,BUFLEN)
IF len=0 THEN EXIT FI
Encode(buf,len,res)
Print(res)
OD
Close(dev)
RETURN
PROC Main()
EncodeFile("H1:FAVICON.ICO")
RETURN- Output:
Screenshot from Atari 8-bit computer
AAABAAIAEBAAAAAAAABoBQAAJgAAACAgAAAAAAAAqAgAAI4FAAAoAAAAEAAAACAAAAABAAgAAAAA ... AAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAE=
Ada
with Ada.Text_IO;
with AWS.Response;
with AWS.Client;
with AWS.Translator;
procedure Encode_AWS is
URL : constant String := "http://rosettacode.org/favicon.ico";
Page : constant AWS.Response.Data := AWS.Client.Get (URL);
Payload : constant String := AWS.Response.Message_Body (Page);
Icon_64 : constant String := AWS.Translator.Base64_Encode (Payload);
begin
Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line (Icon_64);
end Encode_AWS;
- Output:
AAABAAIAEBAAAAAAAABoBQAAJgAAACAgAAAAAAAAqAgAAI4FAAAoAAAAEAAAACAAAAABAAgAAAAAAEABAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA ... AAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAE=
ALGOL 68
This program is run on a modified Algol 68 Genie 2.8. That interpreter has some bugs, so it does not do binary tcp/ip requests, and I made patches/bugfixes to it in order to run this task.
STRING codes = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/"[@0];
PROC get web page = (STRING host, path) STRING:
BEGIN
STRING reply;
INT rc;
IF rc := tcp request (reply, host,
"GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.0" + crlf +
"Host: rosettacode.org" + crlf +
crlf, 80);
rc = 0 THEN
SKIP #print (reply)#
ELSE print (strerror (rc))
FI;
IF rc = 0 AND grep in string ("^HTTP/[0-9.]+ 200", reply, NIL, NIL) = 0 THEN
INT p := 0;
FOR i TO UPB reply WHILE p = 0 DO
IF reply[i] = carriage return ANDF reply[i+1] = line feed AND reply[i+2] = carriage return AND reply[i+3] = line feed THEN
p := i
FI
OD;
IF p /= 0 THEN
STRING headers = reply[:p],
body = reply[p+4:];
body
ELSE
""
FI
ELSE
print (strerror (rc)); ""
FI
END;
PROC base64_encode = (STRING s) STRING:
BEGIN
STRING result := "";
BITS u;
FOR i BY 3 TO UPB s DO
u := BIN ABS s[i] SHL 16 OR
IF i+1 <= UPB s THEN BIN ABS s[i+1] SHL 8 OR
IF i+2 <= UPB s THEN BIN ABS s[i+2]
ELSE 16r0
FI
ELSE 16r0
FI;
result +:= codes[ABS (u SHR 18 AND 16r3f)] +
codes[ABS (u SHR 12 AND 16r3f)] +
(i + 1 <= UPB s | codes[ABS (u SHR 6 AND 16r3f)] | "=") +
(i + 2 <= UPB s | codes[ABS (u AND 16r3f)] | "=")
OD;
result
END;
CHAR line feed = REPR 10, carriage return = REPR 13;
STRING crlf = carriage return + line feed;
STRING host = "rosettacode.org";
STRING rosettacode icon = get web page (host, "http://rosettacode.org/favicon.ico");
STRING encoded icon = base64_encode (rosettacode icon);
print ((encoded icon, new line))- Output:
First 80 chars and last 80 chars of output AAABAAIAEBAAAAAAAABoBQAAJgAAACAgAAAAAAAAqAgAAI4FAAAoAAAAEAAAACAAAAABAAgAAAAAAEAB ... AAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAE=
ARM Assembly
.section .rodata
ch64: .ascii "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/"
example_text: .ascii "Hello World"
example_base64: .ascii "SGVsbG8gV29ybGQ="
.section .bss
.lcomm buffer, 64
.section .text
.global _start
@ int base64_encode(char *d, char *s, int len)
base64_encode:
push {r3-r7}
ldr r6, =ch64
mov r7, r0
be_cycle:
ldrb r3, [r1]
lsr r4, r3, #2
ldrb r4, [r6, r4]
strb r4, [r0]
add r0, r0, #1
add r1, r1, #1
subs r2, r2, #1
moveq r4, #0
ldrneb r4, [r1]
and r3, r3, #3
lsl r3, r3, #4
lsr r5, r4, #4
orr r3, r3, r5
ldrb r3, [r6, r3]
strb r3, [r0]
add r0, r0, #1
add r1, r1, #1
beq be_store2
subs r2, r2, #1
moveq r3, #0
ldrneb r3, [r1]
and r4, r4, #15
lsl r4, r4, #2
lsr r5, r3, #6
orr r4, r4, r5
ldrb r4, [r6, r4]
strb r4, [r0]
add r0, r0, #1
add r1, r1, #1
beq be_store1
and r3, r3, #0x3f
ldrb r3, [r6, r3]
strb r3, [r0]
add r0, r0, #1
subs r2, r2, #1
beq be_exit
bne be_cycle
be_store2:
mov r3, #'='
strb r3, [r0]
add r0, r0, #1
be_store1:
mov r3, #'='
strb r3, [r0]
add r0, r0, #1
be_exit:
sub r0, r0, r7
pop {r3-r7}
mov pc, lr
@ int base64_decode(char *d, char *s, int len)
base64_decode:
push {r3-r6,lr}
mov r3, r0
mov r6, r0
bd_cycle:
ldrb r0, [r1]
bl char_decode
add r1, r1, #1
lsl r4, r0, #2
ldrb r0, [r1]
bl char_decode
add r1, r1, #1
lsr r5, r0, #4
orr r4, r4, r5
strb r4, [r3]
add r3, r3, #1
lsl r4, r0, #4
ldrb r0, [r1]
cmp r0, #'='
beq exit
bl char_decode
add r1, r1, #1
lsr r5, r0, #2
orr r4, r4, r5
strb r4, [r3]
add r3, r3, #1
lsl r4, r0, #6
ldrb r0, [r1]
cmp r0, #'='
beq exit
bl char_decode
add r1, r1, #1
orr r4, r4, r0
strb r4, [r3]
add r3, r3, #1
subs r2, r2, #4
bne bd_cycle
exit:
sub r0, r3, r6
pop {r3-r6, pc}
@ char char_decode(char c)
char_decode:
subs r0, r0, #'A'
blt cd_digit
cmp r0, #25
subgt r0, r0, #6
mov pc, lr
cd_digit:
adds r0, r0, #17
blt cd_ps
add r0, r0, #52
mov pc, lr
cd_ps:
cmn r0, #5
moveq r0, #62
movne r0, #63
mov pc, lr
_start:
ldr r0, =buffer
ldr r1, =example_text
mov r2, #11
bl base64_encode
mov r2, r0
mov r7, #4
mov r0, #1
ldr r1, =buffer
swi #0
ldr r0, =buffer
ldr r1, =example_base64
mov r2, #16
bl base64_decode
mov r2, r0
mov r7, #4
mov r0, #1
ldr r1, =buffer
swi #0
mov r7, #1
mov r0, #0
swi #0BASIC
BaCon
CONST file$ = "favicon.ico"
binary = BLOAD(file$)
PRINT B64ENC$(binary, FILELEN(file$))
FREE binary- Output:
AAABAAIAEBAAAAAAAABoBQAAJgAAACAgAAAAAAAAqAgAAI4FAAAoAAAAE.......QAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAE=
C
libresolv
(libresolv is included on most Unix-like systems)
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <resolv.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
int main() {
int fin = open("favicon.ico", O_RDONLY);
if (fin == -1)
return 1;
struct stat st;
if (fstat(fin, &st))
return 1;
void *bi = mmap(0, st.st_size, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, fin, 0);
if (bi == MAP_FAILED)
return 1;
int outLength = ((st.st_size + 2) / 3) * 4 + 1;
char *outBuffer = malloc(outLength);
if (outBuffer == NULL)
return 1;
int encodedLength = b64_ntop(bi, st.st_size, outBuffer, outLength);
if (encodedLength < 0)
return 1;
puts(outBuffer);
free(outBuffer);
munmap(bi, st.st_size);
close(fin);
return 0;
}
Compile with
gcc -lresolv -o base64encode base64encode.c
Manual implementation
The following reads standard input and writes base64-encoded stream to standard output, e.g. ./a.out <some_random_file >/dev/null if you don't want to see the output. It gives identical output as the common base64 utility program, though much less efficiently.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
typedef unsigned long UL;
int main(void)
{
const char *alpha = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
"0123456789+/";
unsigned char c[4];
UL u, len, w = 0;
do {
c[1] = c[2] = 0;
if (!(len = read(fileno(stdin), c, 3))) break;
u = (UL)c[0]<<16 | (UL)c[1]<<8 | (UL)c[2];
putchar(alpha[u>>18]);
putchar(alpha[u>>12 & 63]);
putchar(len < 2 ? '=' : alpha[u>>6 & 63]);
putchar(len < 3 ? '=' : alpha[u & 63]);
if (++w == 19) w = 0, putchar('\n');
} while (len == 3);
if (w) putchar('\n');
return 0;
}
C#
namespace RosettaCode.Base64EncodeData
{
using System;
using System.Net;
internal static class Program
{
private static void Main()
{
const string path = "http://rosettacode.org/favicon.ico";
byte[] input;
using (var client = new WebClient())
{
input = client.DownloadData(path);
}
var output = Convert.ToBase64String(input);
Console.WriteLine(output);
}
}
}
Output:
AAABAAIAEBAAAAAAAABoBQAAJgAAACAg...AAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAE=
C++
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <vector>
typedef unsigned char byte;
using namespace std;
const unsigned m1 = 63 << 18, m2 = 63 << 12, m3 = 63 << 6;
class base64
{
public:
base64() { char_set = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/"; }
string encode( vector<byte> v )
{
string res;
unsigned d, a = 0, l = static_cast<unsigned>( v.size() );
while( l > 2 )
{
d = v[a++] << 16 | v[a++] << 8 | v[a++];
res.append( 1, char_set.at( ( d & m1 ) >> 18 ) );
res.append( 1, char_set.at( ( d & m2 ) >> 12 ) );
res.append( 1, char_set.at( ( d & m3 ) >> 6 ) );
res.append( 1, char_set.at( d & 63 ) );
l -= 3;
}
if( l == 2 )
{
d = v[a++] << 16 | v[a++] << 8;
res.append( 1, char_set.at( ( d & m1 ) >> 18 ) );
res.append( 1, char_set.at( ( d & m2 ) >> 12 ) );
res.append( 1, char_set.at( ( d & m3 ) >> 6 ) );
res.append( 1, '=' );
}
else if( l == 1 )
{
d = v[a++] << 16;
res.append( 1, char_set.at( ( d & m1 ) >> 18 ) );
res.append( 1, char_set.at( ( d & m2 ) >> 12 ) );
res.append( "==", 2 );
}
return res;
}
private:
string char_set;
};
int main( int argc, char* argv[] )
{
base64 b;
basic_ifstream<byte> f( "favicon.ico", ios::binary );
string r = b.encode( vector<byte>( ( istreambuf_iterator<byte>( f ) ), istreambuf_iterator<byte>() ) );
copy( r.begin(), r.end(), ostream_iterator<char>( cout ) );
return 0;
}
- Output:
AAABAAIAEBAAAAAAAABoBQAAJgAAACAgAAAAAAAAqAgAAI4FAAAoAAAAEAAAACAAAAABAAgAAAAAAEAB AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAP///wCGiYcARkhHAL/CwAAmKScAam1rAOPm5ACgo6EAV1pYABcZ ... AAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAA AAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAE=
Commodore BASIC
Assumes the source file is a PRG on disk drive device 8, writes encoded file both to a SEQ file on the same disk and to the screen (where it looks good in 80-column mode on a PET or C128, a little less so on a C64 or VIC). This is all done in PETSCII; transfer out of Commodore-land will require translation of the Base64-encoded file into ASCII.
100 print chr$(247);chr$(14);
110 dim a$(63): rem alphabet
120 dim i(2): rem input bytes
130 dim o$(3): rem output characters
140 for i=0 to 25
150 : a$(i) = chr$(asc("A")+i)
160 : a$(26+i) = chr$(asc("a")+i)
170 : if i < 10 then a$(52+i) = chr$(asc("0")+i)
180 next i
190 a$(62) = "+"
200 a$(63) = "/"
210 p$="=":rem padding char
220 input "source file";s$
230 open 1,8,2,s$+",p": if st then 450
240 input "dest file";d$
250 open 2,8,3,d$+",s,w": if st then 450
260 for d=0 to 1 step 0: rem while not d(one)
270 : p=0:for o=0 to 3:o$(o)=p$:next o
280 : for i=0 to 2
290 : i(i)=0
300 : if d then 330
310 : get#1,i$: if len(i$) then i(i)=asc(i$)
320 : if st and 64 then p=2-i:d=1
330 : next i
340 : o$(0) = a$( (i(0) and 252) / 4 )
350 : o$(1) = a$( (i(0) and 3) * 16 + (i(1) and 240) / 16 )
360 : if p<2 then o$(2) = a$( (i(1) and 15) * 4 + (i(2) and 192) / 64 )
370 : if p<1 then o$(3) = a$( i(2) and 63 )
380 : for o=0 to 3: print o$(o);:print#2, o$(o);:next o
390 : c=c+4:if c >= 76 then c=0:print:print#2,chr$(13);
400 next d
410 print:print#2,chr$(13);
420 close 1
430 close 2
440 end
450 print "error:"st
460 open 15,8,15:input#15,ds,ds$,a,b:close15
470 print ds,ds$,a,b
- Output:
AAABAAIAEBAAAAAAAABoBQAAJgAAACAgAAAAAAAAqAgAAI4FAAAoAAAAEAAAACAAAAABAAgAAAAA AEABAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAP///wCGiYcARkhHAL/CwAAmKScAam1rAOPm5ACgo6EA ... AOaFhYbu7zPmhYWF5oaGhoaGhoaGhoaGhoaGhoaFhekA/////wAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAAB AAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEA AAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAE=
Common Lisp
A nice example for the CL eco system using cl-base64 and drakma.
(eval-when (:load-toplevel :compile-toplevel :execute)
(ql:quickload "drakma")
(ql:quickload "cl-base64"))
;; * The package definition
(defpackage :base64-encode
(:use :common-lisp :drakma :cl-base64))
(in-package :base64-encode)
;; * The function
(defun base64-encode (&optional (uri "https://rosettacode.org/favicon.ico"))
"Returns the BASE64 encoded string of the file at URI."
(let* ((input (http-request uri :want-stream t))
(output (loop
with array = (make-array 0 :element-type 'unsigned-byte
:adjustable t :fill-pointer 0)
for data-chunk = (read-byte input nil nil)
while data-chunk
do (vector-push-extend data-chunk array)
finally (return (usb8-array-to-base64-string array)))))
(close input)
output))
- Output:
"AAABAAIAEBAAAAAAAABoBQAAJgAAACAgAAAAAAAAqAgAAI4FAAAoAAAAEAAAACAAAAABAAgAAAAAAEABAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAP///...
Crystal
require "http/client"
require "base64"
response = HTTP::Client.get "https://rosettacode.org/favicon.ico"
if response.success?
Base64.encode(response.body, STDOUT)
end
D
void main() {
import std.stdio, std.base64, std.net.curl, std.string;
const f = "http://rosettacode.org/favicon.ico".get.representation;
Base64.encode(f).writeln;
}
- Output:
AAABAAIAEBAAAAAAAABoBQAAJgAAACAgAAAAAAAAwqgIAADCjgUAACgAAAAQAAAAIAA... AAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQ==
Delphi
program Base64EncodeData;
{$APPTYPE CONSOLE}
uses IdHTTP, IdCoderMIME;
var
lSrcString: string;
lHTTP: TIdHTTP;
begin
lHTTP := TIdHTTP.Create(nil);
try
lSrcString := lHTTP.Get('http://rosettacode.org/favicon.ico');
Writeln(TIdEncoderMIME.EncodeString(lSrcString));
finally
lHTTP.Free;
end;
end.
DuckDB
duckdb -noheader -list <<< $'select to_base64(content) from read_blob(\'favicon.ico\');' |
egrep -o '^.{20}|.{20}$'
AAABAAIAEBAAAAAAAABo
AAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAE=
To check that DuckDB from_base64() agrees with the system's base64:
$ cmp <(base64 favicon.ico) <( duckdb -noheader -list <<< $' select to_base64(content) from read_blob(\'favicon.ico\');') $
To verify that the encode-decode round-trip is idempotent:
$ duckdb <<< $'
with favicon as (select content from read_blob(\'favicon.ico\'))
select from_base64(to_base64(content)) = content from favicon;'
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ (from_base64(to_base64("content")) = "content") │
│ boolean │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ true │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
Ed
See the sister algo Base64_decode_data#Ed for implementation details/quirks.
H
,p
g/(.)/s// \1 /g
# text -> binary
g/[ ]![ ]/s//00100001/g
g/[ ]"[ ]/s//00100010/g
g/[ ]#[ ]/s//00100011/g
g/[ ]$[ ]/s//00100100/g
g/[ ]%[ ]/s//00100101/g
g/[ ]\&[ ]/s//00100110/g
g/[ ]'[ ]/s//00100111/g
g/[ ]\([ ]/s//00101000/g
g/[ ]\)[ ]/s//00101001/g
g/[ ]\*[ ]/s//00101010/g
g/[ ]\+[ ]/s//00101011/g
g/[ ],[ ]/s//00101100/g
g/[ ]-[ ]/s//00101101/g
g/[ ]\.[ ]/s//00101110/g
g/[ ]/[ ]/s//00101111/g
g/[ ]0[ ]/s//00110000/g
g/[ ]1[ ]/s//00110001/g
g/[ ]2[ ]/s//00110010/g
g/[ ]3[ ]/s//00110011/g
g/[ ]4[ ]/s//00110100/g
g/[ ]5[ ]/s//00110101/g
g/[ ]6[ ]/s//00110110/g
g/[ ]7[ ]/s//00110111/g
g/[ ]8[ ]/s//00111000/g
g/[ ]9[ ]/s//00111001/g
g/[ ]:[ ]/s//00111010/g
g/[ ];[ ]/s//00111011/g
g/[ ]<[ ]/s//00111100/g
g/[ ]=[ ]/s//00111101/g
g/[ ]>[ ]/s//00111110/g
g/[ ]\?[ ]/s//00111111/g
g/[ ]@[ ]/s//01000000/g
g/[ ]A[ ]/s//01000001/g
g/[ ]B[ ]/s//01000010/g
g/[ ]C[ ]/s//01000011/g
g/[ ]D[ ]/s//01000100/g
g/[ ]E[ ]/s//01000101/g
g/[ ]F[ ]/s//01000110/g
g/[ ]G[ ]/s//01000111/g
g/[ ]H[ ]/s//01001000/g
g/[ ]I[ ]/s//01001001/g
g/[ ]J[ ]/s//01001010/g
g/[ ]K[ ]/s//01001011/g
g/[ ]L[ ]/s//01001100/g
g/[ ]M[ ]/s//01001101/g
g/[ ]N[ ]/s//01001110/g
g/[ ]O[ ]/s//01001111/g
g/[ ]P[ ]/s//01010000/g
g/[ ]Q[ ]/s//01010001/g
g/[ ]R[ ]/s//01010010/g
g/[ ]S[ ]/s//01010011/g
g/[ ]T[ ]/s//01010100/g
g/[ ]U[ ]/s//01010101/g
g/[ ]V[ ]/s//01010110/g
g/[ ]W[ ]/s//01010111/g
g/[ ]X[ ]/s//01011000/g
g/[ ]Y[ ]/s//01011001/g
g/[ ]Z[ ]/s//01011010/g
g/[ ]\[[ ]/s//01011011/g
g/[ ]\\[ ]/s//01011100/g
g/[ ]\][ ]/s//01011101/g
g/[ ]\^[ ]/s//01011110/g
g/[ ]_[ ]/s//01011111/g
g/[ ]`[ ]/s//01100000/g
g/[ ]a[ ]/s//01100001/g
g/[ ]b[ ]/s//01100010/g
g/[ ]c[ ]/s//01100011/g
g/[ ]d[ ]/s//01100100/g
g/[ ]e[ ]/s//01100101/g
g/[ ]f[ ]/s//01100110/g
g/[ ]g[ ]/s//01100111/g
g/[ ]h[ ]/s//01101000/g
g/[ ]i[ ]/s//01101001/g
g/[ ]j[ ]/s//01101010/g
g/[ ]k[ ]/s//01101011/g
g/[ ]l[ ]/s//01101100/g
g/[ ]m[ ]/s//01101101/g
g/[ ]n[ ]/s//01101110/g
g/[ ]o[ ]/s//01101111/g
g/[ ]p[ ]/s//01110000/g
g/[ ]q[ ]/s//01110001/g
g/[ ]r[ ]/s//01110010/g
g/[ ]s[ ]/s//01110011/g
g/[ ]t[ ]/s//01110100/g
g/[ ]u[ ]/s//01110101/g
g/[ ]v[ ]/s//01110110/g
g/[ ]w[ ]/s//01110111/g
g/[ ]x[ ]/s//01111000/g
g/[ ]y[ ]/s//01111001/g
g/[ ]z[ ]/s//01111010/g
g/[ ]\{[ ]/s//01111011/g
g/[ ]\|[ ]/s//01111100/g
g/[ ]\}[ ]/s//01111101/g
g/[ ]~[ ]/s//01111110/g
# Two special cases last so that they don't interfere with the rest of whitespace-separated conversion
g/[ ][ ][ ]/s//00100000/g
g/$/s//00001010/g
,j
# split into blocks of six
g/[01]{6}/s// & /g
g/\b[01]{1}\b/s//&0/g
g/\b[01]{2}\b/s//&0/g
g/\b[01]{3}\b/s//&0/g
g/\b[01]{4}\b/s//&0/g
g/\b[01]{5}\b/s//&0/g
# And encode the combinations to base64
g/000000/s//A/g
g/000001/s//B/g
g/000010/s//C/g
g/000011/s//D/g
g/000100/s//E/g
g/000101/s//F/g
g/000110/s//G/g
g/000111/s//H/g
g/001000/s//I/g
g/001001/s//J/g
g/001010/s//K/g
g/001011/s//L/g
g/001100/s//M/g
g/001101/s//N/g
g/001110/s//O/g
g/001111/s//P/g
g/010000/s//Q/g
g/010001/s//R/g
g/010010/s//S/g
g/010011/s//T/g
g/010100/s//U/g
g/010101/s//V/g
g/010110/s//W/g
g/010111/s//X/g
g/011000/s//Y/g
g/011001/s//Z/g
g/011010/s//a/g
g/011011/s//b/g
g/011100/s//c/g
g/011101/s//d/g
g/011110/s//e/g
g/011111/s//f/g
g/100000/s//g/g
g/100001/s//h/g
g/100010/s//i/g
g/100011/s//j/g
g/100100/s//k/g
g/100101/s//l/g
g/100110/s//m/g
g/100111/s//n/g
g/101000/s//o/g
g/101001/s//p/g
g/101010/s//q/g
g/101011/s//r/g
g/101100/s//s/g
g/101101/s//t/g
g/101110/s//u/g
g/101111/s//v/g
g/110000/s//w/g
g/110001/s//x/g
g/110010/s//y/g
g/110011/s//z/g
g/110100/s//0/g
g/110101/s//1/g
g/110110/s//2/g
g/110111/s//3/g
g/111000/s//4/g
g/111001/s//5/g
g/111010/s//6/g
g/111011/s//7/g
g/111100/s//8/g
g/111101/s//9/g
g/111110/s//+/g
g/111111/s//\//g
g/[[:space:]]/s///g
,p
Q- Output:
$ cat base64-encode.ed | ed -E base64-encode.input Newline appended 108 I am sending you my book, O my reader, today; It's up to you to read Or throw it away. -- Yeghishe Charents ? Unknown command SSBhbSBzZW5kaW5nIHlvdSBteSBib29rLApPIG15IHJlYWRlciwgdG9kYXk7Ckl0J3MgdXAgdG8geW91IHRvIHJlYWQKT3IgdGhyb3cgaXQgYXdheS4KLS0gWWVnaGlzaGUgQ2hhcmVudHMK ? Warning: buffer modified
Elixir
data = File.read!("favicon.ico")
encoded = :base64.encode(data)
IO.puts encoded
- Output:
AAABAAIAEBAAAAAAAABoBQAAJgAAACAgAAAAAAAAqAgAAI4FAAAoAAAAEAAAACAAAAABAAgAAAAAAEAB ... AAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAE=
Erlang
-module(base64demo).
-export([main/0]).
main() ->
{ok, Data} = file:read_file("favicon.ico"),
Encoded = encode_library(Data),
io:format("~s",[Encoded]).
%% Demonstrating with the library function.
encode_library(Data) ->
base64:encode(Data).
- Output:
AAABAAIAEBAAAAAAAABoBQAAJgAAACAgAAAAAAAAqAgAAI4F...AAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAE=
F#
Standard Library
open System
open System.Net
let url = "https://rosettacode.org/favicon.ico"
let download (url: string) =
use client = new WebClient()
client.DownloadData url
let raw = download url
let encoded = Convert.ToBase64String raw
printfn "%s" encoded
- Output:
AAABAAIAEBAAAAAAAABoBQAAJgAAACAgAAAAAAAAqAgAAI4FAAAoAAAAEAAAACAAAAABAAgAAAAAAEABAAAA ...
Manual Implementation
open System.Net
let encode s =
let chars = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/".ToCharArray()
|> Array.map string
let paddingSize =
let c = Array.length s % 3
if c = 0 then 0 else 3 - c
let s = Array.append s (Array.replicate paddingSize (byte '\x00')) |> Array.map int
let calc c =
let n = (s.[c] <<< 16) + (s.[c + 1] <<< 8) + s.[c + 2]
let n1 = (n >>> 18) &&& 63
let n2 = (n >>> 12) &&& 63
let n3 = (n >>> 6) &&& 63
let n4 = n &&& 63
chars.[n1] + chars.[n2] + chars.[n3] + chars.[n4]
[0..3..Array.length s - 1]
|> List.map calc
|> List.reduce (+)
|> fun r -> r.Substring(0, String.length r - paddingSize) + String.replicate paddingSize "="
let url = "https://rosettacode.org/favicon.ico"
let download (url: string) =
use client = new WebClient()
client.DownloadData url
let encoded = url |> download |> encode
printfn "%s" encoded
- Output:
AAABAAIAEBAAAAAAAABoBQAAJgAAACAgAAAAAAAAqAgAAI4FAAAoAAAAEAAAACAAAAABAAgAAAAAAEABAAAA ...
Factor
USING: base64 http.client io kernel strings ;
"http://rosettacode.org/favicon.ico" http-get nip
>base64-lines >string print
- Output:
AAABAAIAEBAAAAAAAABoBQAAJgAAACAg...AAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAE=
Forth
Inspired from Wikipedia. Use of a buffer. May be also of interest : github.com/lietho/base64-forth
variable bitsbuff
: alphabase ( u -- c ) $3F and C" ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/" 1+ + c@ ;
: storecode ( u f -- ) if drop '=' else alphabase then c, ;
: 3bytesin ( addrf addr -- n )
$0 bitsbuff !
3 0 do
dup I + c@ bitsbuff @ 8 lshift + bitsbuff !
loop
-
;
: 4chars, ( n -- ) ( n=# of bytes )
4 0 do
dup I - 0<
bitsbuff @ 18 rshift swap storecode
bitsbuff @ 6 lshift bitsbuff !
loop drop
;
: b64enc ( addr1 n1 -- addr2 n2 )
here rot rot ( addr2 addr1 n1 )
over + dup rot ( addr2 addr1+n1 addr1+n1 addr1 )
do
dup I 3bytesin 4chars,
3 +loop drop ( addr2 )
dup here swap - ( addr2 n2 )
;
- Output:
s" favicon.ico" slurp-file b64enc cr type AAABAAIAEBAAAAAAAABoBQAAJgAAACAgAAAAAAAAqAgAAI4FAA (.../...) AAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAE= ok s" any carnal pleasure." b64enc cr type YW55IGNhcm5hbCBwbGVhc3VyZS4= ok s" any carnal pleasure" b64enc cr type YW55IGNhcm5hbCBwbGVhc3VyZQ== ok
Fortran
A self-contained program that takes a filename on the command line as an argument. That file is subsequently encoded using RFC-4648 rules and displayed on stdout.
program demo_base64
! base64-encode data to RFC-4648 and print to standard output
! usage: base64 inputfile > outputfile
use,intrinsic :: iso_fortran_env, only: stderr=>ERROR_UNIT, stdout=>OUTPUT_UNIT
use,intrinsic :: iso_fortran_env, only : int32
implicit none
integer(kind=int32) :: i, j, column, sz, pad, iostat
character(len=1),allocatable :: text(:)
character(len=:),allocatable :: infile
character(len=4) :: chunk
integer,parameter :: rfc4648_linelength=76
character(len=1),parameter :: rfc4648_padding='='
infile=get_arg(1)
! allocate array and copy file into it and pad with two characters at end
call slurp(infile,text)
! figure out how many characters at end are pad characters
sz=size(text)-2
pad=3-mod(sz,3)
column=0
! place three bytes and zero into 32bit integer
! take sets of 6 bits from integer and place into every 8 bits
do i=1,sz,3
chunk=three2four(text(i:i+2))
if(i.gt.sz-3)then ! if at end put any pad characters in place
if(pad.gt.0.and.pad.lt.3)then
chunk(5-pad:)=repeat(rfc4648_padding,pad)
endif
endif
if(column.ge.rfc4648_linelength)then
write(stdout,'(a)')
flush(unit=stdout,iostat=iostat)
column=0
endif
write(stdout,'(a)',advance='no')chunk
column=column+4
enddo
if(column.ne.0)write(stdout,'(a)')
contains
function three2four(tri) result(quad)
character(len=1),intent(in) :: tri(3)
character(len=4) :: quad
integer(kind=int32) :: i32, i, j, k, iout(4)
character(len=*),parameter :: rfc4648_alphabet='ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/'
i32 = transfer([(tri(j),j=3,1,-1),achar(0)], i32 )
iout = 0
! The bits are numbered 0 to BIT_SIZE(I)-1, from right to left.
do j=0,3
call mvbits(i32, (j)*6, 6, iout(4-j), 0)
k=4-j
quad(k:k)=rfc4648_alphabet(iout(k)+1:iout(k)+1)
enddo
end function three2four
function get_arg(iarg) result(value)
! get nth argument from command line
integer,intent(in) :: iarg
character(len=:),allocatable :: value
integer :: argument_length, istat
call get_command_argument(number=iarg,length=argument_length)
if(allocated(value))deallocate(value)
allocate(character(len=argument_length) :: value)
value(:)=''
call get_command_argument(iarg, value, status=istat)
end function get_arg
subroutine slurp(filename,text)
! allocate text array and read file filename into it, padding on two characters
character(len=*),intent(in) :: filename
character(len=1),allocatable,intent(out) :: text(:)
integer :: nchars=0, igetunit, iostat=0, i
character(len=256) :: iomsg
character(len=1) :: byte
open(newunit=igetunit, file=trim(filename), action="read", iomsg=iomsg,&
&form="unformatted", access="stream",status='old',iostat=iostat)
if(iostat /= 0) stop '<ERROR> *slurp* '//trim(iomsg)
inquire(unit=igetunit, size=nchars)
if(nchars <= 0)then
write(stderr,'(a)')'*slurp* empty file '//trim(filename)
return
endif
allocate( text(nchars+2) ) ! storage holds file and two padding characters
read(igetunit,iostat=iostat,iomsg=iomsg) text(:nchars) ! load input file -> text array
if(iostat /= 0) stop '*slurp* bad read of '//trim(filename)//':'//trim(iomsg)
text(size(text)-1:)=repeat(achar(0),2) ! init padding characters
close(iostat=iostat,unit=igetunit) ! close if opened successfully or not
end subroutine slurp
end program demo_base64
- Output:
The first and last line of the program output using the favicon.ico file for the Rosetta Code icon file:
AAABAAMAMDAAAAEAIACoJQAANgAAACAgAAABACAAqBAAAN4lAAAQEAAAAQAgAGgEAACGNgAAKAAA ... AAD8PwAA/D8AAIQhAACH4QAAh+EAAIQhAAD8PwAA/D8AAPw/AAA=
FreeBASIC
Dim Shared As String B64
B64 = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ" & _
"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz" & _
"0123456789+/"
#define E0(v1) v1 Shr 2
#define E1(v1, v2) ((v1 And 3) Shl 4) + (v2 Shr 4)
#define E2(v2, v3) ((v2 And &H0F) Shl 2) + (v3 Shr 6)
#define E3(v3) (v3 And &H3F)
Function Encode64(S As String) As String
Dim As Integer j, k, l = Len(S)
Dim As String mE
If l = 0 Then Return mE
mE = String(((l+2)\3)*4,"=")
For j = 0 To l - ((l Mod 3)+1) Step 3
mE[k+0]=B64[e0(S[j+0])]
mE[k+1]=B64[e1(S[j+0],S[j+1])]
mE[k+2]=B64[e2(S[j+1],S[j+2])]
mE[k+3]=B64[e3(S[j+2])]:k+=4
Next j
If (l Mod 3) = 2 Then
mE[k+0]=B64[e0(S[j+0])]
mE[k+1]=B64[e1(S[j+0],S[j+1])]
mE[k+2]=B64[e2(S[j+1],S[j+2])]
mE[k+3]=61
Elseif (l Mod 3) = 1 Then
mE[k+0]=B64[e0(S[j+0])]
mE[k+1]=B64[e1(S[j+0],S[j+1])]
mE[k+2]=61
mE[k+3]=61
End If
Return mE
End Function
Dim As String msg64 = "To err is human, but to really foul things up you need a computer." & _
Chr(10) & " -- Paul R. Ehrlich"
Print msg64
Print: Print(Encode64(msg64))
Sleep
- Output:
To err is human, but to really foul things up you need a computer.
-- Paul R. Ehrlich
VG8gZXJyIGlzIGh1bWFuLCBidXQgdG8gcmVhbGx5IGZvdWwgdGhpbmdzIHVwIHlvdSBuZWVkIGEgY29tcHV0ZXIuCiAgICAtLSBQYXVsIFIuIEVocmxpY2g=
Frink
b = readBytes["https://rosettacode.org/favicon.ico"]
println[base64Encode[b,undef,64]]- Output:
iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAQCAMAAAAoLQ9TAAAABGdBTUEAALGPC/xh BQAAAAFzUkdCAK7OHOkAAAAgY0hSTQAAeiYAAICEAAD6AAAAgOgAAHUwAADqYAAA OpgAABdwnLpRPAAAAWJQTFRFAAAA/8IA/8EA/8IA/8IA/8IA/8IA/8IA/8IA/8IA /8IA/8IA/8IA/8IA/8IA/8IA/8IA/8IA/8IA/8IA/8IA/8IA/8IA/8IA/8IA/8IA /8IA/8IA/8IA/8IA/8IA/8IA/8IA/8IA/8UA/8UA/8QA/8IA/8IA/8IA/8IA/8IA /8IA/8MAdWVhiHJUiHJUc2Rj/8MA/8IA/8IA/8IA/8IA/8IA06QfjXZQjnZQjXVR 3qwX/8IA/8IA/8IA/8IA/8IA/8kAjHVRjnZQjnZQjHVR/8gA/8IA/8IA/8IAjHVR jHVR/8gA/8IA/8IA1aYejXZQjnZQjXVR3qwX/8IA/8IA/8IA/8MAdGRjh3FVcmNj /8MA/8IA/8QA/8UA/8UA/8UA/8IA/8IA/8IA/8IA/8IA/8IA/8IA/8IA/8IA/8IA /8IA/8IA/8IA/8IA/8IA/8IA/8IA/8IA/8IA/8IAjnZQ////pZF7sgAAAHN0Uk5T AAAAA5iNAjzp5DUSMTAQYPz6WBEEjPCUG8G7GZrvhkfqRTV2MUvy50Jc9FoZRUQW X/vzDau2Gab7nRi6qQwlWyZR9fJIKCMnYVBJK624GqX6nhm8C/VcGEEWYFczdXQv SvGI7O0awBeXLA9f+VY+5jiZkk/hQmMAAAABYktHRHWoapj7AAAACXBIWXMAAA3X AAAN1wFCKJt4AAAA7UlEQVQY0z1P11ICARDbFTvIKZ4HooiA7USxYMHGqRSxY6HY AAULxRr+f1zAMU+ZzCabEAnY1A50dDL9oY27uoGeXm4qbLb0WZV+YMA2KIxJHdI0 u2MYcI6Maq4xE7nHAZfH6/NNTE4B0zOkz8q1f24+sLC4BCzbKLgCrK6th0Ibm1vA 9g5x2DB29/br9Ug0phtxJj5QErHDhnB0nFDCTMET4PTsPJm8uLwSyzXpKQlNZ7LZ m9tG6B15pKTmvn/I5QuPzbfqU7Fkf34R3+tbqSjF2FouV6pSvfZeEcatcR9S9/OL /+ey+g38tOb/AjOBNqW00PrwAAAAJXRFWHRkYXRlOmNyZWF0ZQAyMDE1LTA4LTAy VDIwOjM5OjEwKzAwOjAw98IZEQAAACV0RVh0ZGF0ZTptb2RpZnkAMjAxNS0wOC0w MlQyMDozOToxMCswMDowMIafoa0AAABGdEVYdHNvZnR3YXJlAEltYWdlTWFnaWNr IDYuNy44LTkgMjAxNC0wNS0xMiBRMTYgaHR0cDovL3d3dy5pbWFnZW1hZ2ljay5v cmfchu0AAAAAGHRFWHRUaHVtYjo6RG9jdW1lbnQ6OlBhZ2VzADGn/7svAAAAGHRF WHRUaHVtYjo6SW1hZ2U6OmhlaWdodAAxOTIPAHKFAAAAF3RFWHRUaHVtYjo6SW1h Z2U6OldpZHRoADE5MtOsIQgAAAAZdEVYdFRodW1iOjpNaW1ldHlwZQBpbWFnZS9w bmc/slZOAAAAF3RFWHRUaHVtYjo6TVRpbWUAMTQzODU0Nzk1MNul3mEAAAAPdEVY dFRodW1iOjpTaXplADBCQpSiPuwAAABWdEVYdFRodW1iOjpVUkkAZmlsZTovLy9t bnRsb2cvZmF2aWNvbnMvMjAxNS0wOC0wMi8xNDBkYmM4M2RmNWY3NmQyNmIzYWNl M2ZlYTViYzI5ZS5pY28ucG5nBect2gAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==
FutureBasic
include "NSlog.incl"
local fn EncodeStringAsBase64( stringToEncode as CFStringRef ) as CFStringRef
CFStringRef encodedBase64Str = NULL
CFDataRef dataToEncode = fn StringData( stringToEncode, NSUTF8StringEncoding )
encodedBase64Str = fn DataBase64EncodedString( dataToEncode, 0 )
end fn = encodedBase64Str
local fn DecodeBase64String( base64String as CFStringRef ) as CFStringRef
CFStringRef decodedString = NULL
CFDataRef encodedData = fn DataWithBase64EncodedString( base64String, NSDataBase64DecodingIgnoreUnknownCharacters )
decodedString = fn StringWithData( encodedData, NSUTF8StringEncoding )
end fn = decodedString
CFStringRef originalString, encodedBase64String, decodedBase64String
originalString = @"This is a test string to be encoded as Base64 and then decoded."
NSLog( @"This is the original string:\n\t%@\n", originalString )
encodedBase64String = fn EncodeStringAsBase64( originalString )
NSLog( @"This is the original string encoded as Base84:\n\t%@\n", encodedBase64String )
decodedBase64String = fn DecodeBase64String( encodedBase64String )
NSLog( @"This is the Base64 string decoded:\n\t%@", decodedBase64String )
HandleEvents- Output:
This is the original string: This is a test string to be encoded as Base64 and then decoded. This is the original string encoded as Base84: VGhpcyBpcyBhIHRlc3Qgc3RyaW5nIHRvIGJlIGVuY29kZWQgYXMgQmFzZTY0IGFuZCB0aGVuIGRlY29kZWQu This is the Base64 string decoded: This is a test string to be encoded as Base64 and then decoded.
Go
Standard Library
package main
import (
"encoding/base64"
"fmt"
"io/ioutil"
"net/http"
)
func main() {
r, err := http.Get("http://rosettacode.org/favicon.ico")
if err != nil {
fmt.Println(err)
return
}
defer r.Body.Close()
d, err := ioutil.ReadAll(r.Body)
if err != nil {
fmt.Println(err)
return
}
fmt.Println(base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(d))
}
- Output:
AAABAAIAEBAAAAAAAABoBQAAJg ... AAAABAAAAAQAAAAE=
Manual implementation
// base64 encoding
// A port, with slight variations, of the C version found here:
// http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Base64#C (manual implementation)
//
// go build ; cat favicon.ico | ./base64
package main
import (
"bytes"
"fmt"
"io/ioutil"
"log"
"os"
"strings"
)
const (
B64_CHUNK_SIZE = 76
)
type UL int64
// Our lookup table.
var alpha string = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/"
// Base64 encode a raw byte stream.
func B64Encode(raw []byte) (string, error) {
var buffer strings.Builder
var reader *bytes.Reader
var u UL // w UL
var length int
var chunk []byte
var err error
length = 3
reader = bytes.NewReader(raw)
chunk = make([]byte, 3)
for length == 3 {
chunk[1] = 0
chunk[2] = 0
length, err = reader.Read(chunk)
if err != nil || len(chunk) == 0 {
break
}
u = UL(chunk[0])<<16 | UL(chunk[1])<<8 | UL(chunk[2])
buffer.WriteString(string(alpha[u>>18]))
buffer.WriteString(string(alpha[u>>12&63]))
if length < 2 {
buffer.WriteString("=")
} else {
buffer.WriteString(string(alpha[u>>6&63]))
}
if length < 3 {
buffer.WriteString("=")
} else {
buffer.WriteString(string(alpha[u&63]))
}
}
return buffer.String(), nil
}
// Prettifies the base64 result by interspersing \n chars every B64_CHUNK_SIZE bytes.
// Even though there's a performance hit, i'd rather compose these.
func B64EncodePretty(raw []byte) (string, error) {
var buffer strings.Builder
encoded, err := B64Encode(raw)
if err != nil {
return "", err
}
length := len(encoded)
chunks := int(length/B64_CHUNK_SIZE) + 1
for i := 0; i < chunks; i++ {
chunk := i * B64_CHUNK_SIZE
end := chunk + B64_CHUNK_SIZE
if end > length {
end = chunk + (length - chunk)
}
buffer.WriteString(encoded[chunk:end] + "\n")
}
return buffer.String(), err
}
func main() {
contents, err := ioutil.ReadAll(os.Stdin)
if err != nil {
log.Fatal("Error reading input: ", err)
}
encoded, err := B64EncodePretty(contents)
if err != nil {
log.Fatal("Error base64 encoding the input: ", err)
}
fmt.Printf("%s", encoded)
}
- Output:
AAABAAIAEBAAAAAAAABoBQAAJgAAACAgAAAAAAAAqAgAAI4FAAAoAAAAEAAAACAAAAABAAgAAAAA AEABAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAP///wCGiYcARkhHAL/CwAAmKScAam1rAOPm5ACgo6EA ... AAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEA AAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAE=
Haskell
By hand
This Haskell code is ported from the C solution (manual implementation) with slight variations.
-- | Base 64 Encoding.
-- A port, with slight variations, of the C version found here:
-- http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Base64#C (manual implementation)
--
-- ghc -Wall base64_encode.hs ; cat favicon.ico | ./base64_encode
{-# LANGUAGE OverloadedStrings #-}
{-# LANGUAGE ViewPatterns #-}
module Main where
import Data.Bits
import Data.Char
import qualified Data.ByteString.Char8 as C
-- | alphaTable: Our base64 lookup table.
alphaTable :: C.ByteString
alphaTable = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/"
-- | b64Encode: Simple base64 encode function operating on normal C.ByteString's
b64Encode :: C.ByteString -> C.ByteString
b64Encode stream =
if C.null stream
then C.empty
else alphaTable `C.index` shiftR _u 18 `C.cons` alphaTable `C.index`
(shiftR _u 12 .&. 63) `C.cons`
(if C.length chunk < 2
then '='
else alphaTable `C.index` (shiftR _u 6 .&. 63)) `C.cons`
(if C.length chunk < 3
then '='
else alphaTable `C.index` (_u .&. 63)) `C.cons`
b64Encode (C.drop 3 stream)
where
chunk = C.take 3 stream
_u = u chunk
-- | b64EncodePretty: Intersperses \n every 76 bytes for prettier output
b64EncodePretty :: C.ByteString -> C.ByteString
b64EncodePretty = makePretty 76 . b64Encode
-- | u: base64 encoding magic
u :: C.ByteString -> Int
u chunk = fromIntegral result :: Int
where
result =
foldl (.|.) 0 $
zipWith
shiftL
(C.foldr (\c acc -> charToInteger c : acc) [] chunk)
[16, 8, 0]
-- lazy foldl to fix formatting
-- | charToInteger: Convert a Char to an Integer
charToInteger :: Char -> Integer
charToInteger c = fromIntegral (ord c) :: Integer
-- | makePretty: Add new line characters throughout a character stream
makePretty :: Int -> C.ByteString -> C.ByteString
makePretty _ (C.uncons -> Nothing) = C.empty
makePretty by stream = first `C.append` "\n" `C.append` makePretty by rest
where
(first, rest) = C.splitAt by stream
main :: IO ()
main = C.getContents >>= C.putStr . b64EncodePretty
Using Data.ByteString.Base64
import qualified Data.ByteString.Base64 as Base64 (decode, encode)
import qualified Data.ByteString.Char8 as B (putStrLn, readFile)
main :: IO ()
main = B.readFile "favicon.ico" >>= (B.putStrLn . Base64.encode)
J
Solution (standard library):
load'convert/misc/base64' NB. use 'tobase64'
Solution (handrolled):
tobase64 =: padB64~ b2B64
padB64 =: , '=' #~ 0 2 1 i. 3 | #
b2B64 =: BASE64 {~ _6 #.\ (8#2) ,@:#: a.&i.
Example:
load'web/gethttp'
76 {. tobase64 gethttp 'http://rosettacode.org/favicon.ico'
AAABAAIAEBAAAAAAAABoBQAAJgAAACAgAAAAAAAAqAgAAI4FAAAoAAAAEAAAACAAAAABAAgAAAAA
Java
Java offers the Base64 class, which includes both the Encoder and Decoder classes.
The implementation supports RFC 4648 and RFC 2045.
The usage is very simple, supply a byte array, and it will return, either an encoded byte array, or
an ISO 8859-1 encoded String.
The class uses a static construct, so instead of instantiation via a constructor, you use one of the static methods.
In this case we'll use the Base64.getEncoder method to acquire our instance.
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Base64;
byte[] encodeFile(String path) throws IOException {
try (FileInputStream stream = new FileInputStream(path)) {
byte[] bytes = stream.readAllBytes();
return Base64.getEncoder().encode(bytes);
}
}
The result appears to be slightly different than some other language implementations, so I imagine the image has changed.
It's a total of 20,116 bytes, so here's a shortened output.
AAABAAMAMDAAAAEAIACoJQAANgAAACAgAAABACAAqBAAAN4lAAAQEAAAAQAgAGgEAACGNgAAKAAA ADAAAABgAAAAAQAgAAAAAAAAJAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA ... wv//AMH/hAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAPw/AAD8PwAA/D8AAIQhAACH4QAAh+EAAIQh AAD8PwAA/D8AAIQhAACH4QAAh+EAAIQhAAD8PwAA/D8AAPw/AAA=
Althernately
Can also use org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64 from Apache Commons Codec
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;
import java.util.Arrays;
public class Base64 {
private static final char[] alpha = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/".toCharArray();
static String base64(InputStream is) throws IOException {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
int blocks = 0;
while (true) {
int c0 = is.read();
if (c0 == -1)
break;
int c1 = is.read();
int c2 = is.read();
int block = ((c0 & 0xFF) << 16) | ((Math.max(c1, 0) & 0xFF) << 8) | (Math.max(c2, 0) & 0xFF);
sb.append(alpha[block >> 18 & 63]);
sb.append(alpha[block >> 12 & 63]);
sb.append(c1 == -1 ? '=' : alpha[block >> 6 & 63]);
sb.append(c2 == -1 ? '=' : alpha[block & 63]);
if (++blocks == 19) {
blocks = 0;
sb.append('\n');
}
}
if (blocks > 0)
sb.append('\n');
return sb.toString();
}
private static void assertBase64(String expected, byte[] bytes) throws IOException {
String actual = base64(new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes));
if (!actual.equals(expected)) {
throw new IllegalStateException(String.format("Expected %s for %s, but got %s.",
expected, Arrays.toString(bytes), actual));
}
}
private static void testBase64() throws IOException {
assertBase64("", new byte[]{});
assertBase64("AA==\n", new byte[]{0});
assertBase64("AAA=\n", new byte[]{0, 0});
assertBase64("AAAA\n", new byte[]{0, 0, 0});
assertBase64("AAAAAA==\n", new byte[]{0, 0, 0, 0});
assertBase64("/w==\n", new byte[]{-1});
assertBase64("//8=\n", new byte[]{-1, -1});
assertBase64("////\n", new byte[]{-1, -1, -1});
assertBase64("/////w==\n", new byte[]{-1, -1, -1, -1});
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
testBase64();
URLConnection conn = new URL("http://rosettacode.org/favicon.ico").openConnection();
conn.addRequestProperty("User-Agent", "Mozilla"); // To prevent an HTTP 403 error.
try (InputStream is = conn.getInputStream()) {
System.out.println(base64(is));
}
}
}
AAABAAIAEBAAAAAAAABoBQ...QAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAE=
JavaScript
(function(){//ECMAScript doesn't have an internal base64 function or method, so we have to do it ourselves, isn't that exciting?
function stringToArrayUnicode(str){for(var i=0,l=str.length,n=[];i<l;i++)n.push(str.charCodeAt(i));return n;}
function generateOnesByLength(n){//Attempts to generate a binary number full of ones given a length.. they don't redefine each other that much.
var x=0;
for(var i=0;i<n;i++){
x<<=1;x|=1;//I don't know if this is performant faster than Math.pow but seriously I don't think I'll need Math.pow, do I?
}
return x;
}
function paf(_offset,_offsetlength,_number){//I don't have any name for this function at ALL, but I will explain what it does, it takes an offset, a number and returns the base64 number and the offset of the next number.
//the next function will be used to extract the offset of the number..
var a=6-_offsetlength,b=8-a;//Oh god, 8 is HARDCODED! Because 8 is the number of bits in a byte!!!
//And 6 is the mini-byte used by wikipedia base64 article... at least on 2013.
//I imagine this code being read in 2432 or something, that probably won't happen..
return [_number&generateOnesByLength(b),b,(_offset<<a)|(_number>>b)];//offset & offsetlength & number
}
function toBase64(uint8array){//of bits, each value may not have more than 255 bits... //a normal "array" should work fine too..
//From 0x29 to 0x5a plus from 0x61 to 0x7A AND from 0x30 to 0x39
//Will not report errors if an array index has a value bigger than 255.. it will likely fail.
var a=[],i,output=[];
for(i=0x41;i<=0x5a;i++){//A-Z
a.push(String.fromCharCode(i));
}
for(i=0x61;i<=0x7A;i++){//a-z
a.push(String.fromCharCode(i));
}
for(i=0x30;i<=0x39;i++){//0-9
a.push(String.fromCharCode(i));
}
a.push('+','/');
var offset=0,offsetLength=0,x;
for(var i=0,l=uint8array.length;i<l;i++){
if(offsetLength==6){//if offsetlength is 6 that means that a whole offset is occupying the space of a byte, can you believe it.
offsetLength=0;
output.push(a[offset]);
offset=0;
i--;
continue;
}
x=paf(offset,offsetLength,uint8array[i]);
offset=x[0];
offsetLength=x[1];
output.push(a[x[2]]);
}
if(offsetLength){
if(offsetLength==6){
output.push(a[offset]);
}else{
var y=(6-offsetLength)/2;
x=paf(offset,offsetLength,0);
offset=x[0];
output.push(a[x[2]]);
switch (y){
case 2:output.push('=');//This thingy right here, you know.. the offsets also, no break statement;
case 1:output.push('=');break;
}
}
}
return output.join('');//You can change it so the result is an array instead!!!!
}
//Usage
return toBase64(stringToArrayUnicode("Nothing seems hard to the people who don't know what they're talking about."))
}())
Using btoa (HTML5)
Works with IE10 or higher.
HTML5 saves the day! introducing two methods to the DOM!
These are btoa and atob, see spec
window.btoa("String to encode, etc..");//Will throw error if any unicode character is larger than 255 it's counterpart it's the window.atob
To make it.. just work, you could convert it to UTF-8 Manually or..
JSON.stringify it or.. encodeURIComponent it.
Using Node.js
var http = require('http');
var options = {
host: 'rosettacode.org',
path: '/favicon.ico'
};
callback = function(response) {
var str = '';
response.on('data', function (chunk) {
str += chunk;
});
response.on('end', function () {
console.log(new Buffer(str).toString('base64'));//Base64 encoding right here.
});
}
Jsish
Using a contributed entry that is a small change of the Jsi lib/Jsi_Wget.jsi sources, to the httpGet.jsi module. Stored as an attachment at https://jsish.org/fossil/jsi/wiki/Wget and also listed at HTTP#Jsish.
/* Base64, in Jsish */
require('httpGet');
var icon = httpGet('http://rosettacode.org/favicon.ico');
printf("%s", Util.base64(icon, false))
- Output:
prompt$ jsish base64.jsi | sed -ne '1p;$p' AAABAAIAEBAAAAAAAABoBQAAJgAAACAgAAAAAAAAqAgAAI4FAAAoAAAAEAAAACAAAAABAAgA AAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAE=prompt$
jq
gojq -Rrs @base64 favicon.ico | egrep -o '^.{20}|.{20}$'
AAABAAIAEBAAAAAAAABo
AAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAE=To verify that gojq's `@base64 behaves properly:
$ cmp <(base64 favicon.ico) <( gojq -Rrs @base64 favicon.ico) $
To verify that the encode-decode round-trip is idempotent:
$ cmp favicon.ico <(gojq -Rrs @base64 favicon.ico|gojq -Rj @base64d) $
Julia
using Requests
file = read(get("https://rosettacode.org/favicon.ico"))
encoded = base64encode(file)
print(encoded)
- Output:
AAABAAIAEBAAAAAAAABoBQAAJgAAACAgAAAAAAAAqAgAAI4FAAAoAAAAEAAAACAAAAABAAgAAAAAAEABAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAP[...]QAAAAE=
Kotlin
// version 1.1.2
import java.io.File
import java.util.Base64
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
val path = "favicon.ico" // already downloaded to current directory
val bytes = File(path).readBytes()
val base64 = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(bytes)
println(base64)
}
- Output:
AAABAAIAEBAAAAAAAABoBQ.....AAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAE=
Lasso
local(
src = curl('http://rosettacode.org/favicon.ico'),
srcdata = #src->result
)
#srcdata->encodebase64
// or, in one movement:
curl('http://rosettacode.org/favicon.ico')->result->encodebase64
LiveCode
put URL "http://rosettacode.org/favicon.ico" into rosettaico
put base64encode(rosettaico)
Ouput
AAABAA...S0tLS0tLS0t...QAAAAE=Lua
local dic = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/"
function encode( t, f )
local b1, b2, b3, b4
b1 = 1 + ( ( t & 0xfc0000 ) >> 18 )
b2 = 1 + ( ( t & 0x03f000 ) >> 12 )
b3 = 1 + ( ( t & 0x000fc0 ) >> 6 )
b4 = 1 + ( t & 0x00003f )
io.write( dic:sub( b1, b1 ), dic:sub( b2, b2 ) )
if f > 1 then io.write( dic:sub( b3, b3 ) ) else io.write( "=" ) end
if f > 2 then io.write( dic:sub( b4, b4 ) ) else io.write( "=" ) end
end
local i = assert( io.open( "favicon.ico", "rb" ) )
local iconData = i:read( "*all" )
local dataLen, s, t = #iconData, 1
while( dataLen > 2 ) do
t = ( iconData:sub( s, s ):byte() << 16 ); s = s + 1
t = t + ( iconData:sub( s, s ):byte() << 8 ); s = s + 1
t = t + ( iconData:sub( s, s ):byte() ); s = s + 1
dataLen = dataLen - 3
encode( t, 3 )
end
if dataLen == 2 then
t = ( iconData:sub( s, s ):byte() << 16 ); s = s + 1;
t = t + ( iconData:sub( s, s ):byte() << 8 ); s = s + 1;
encode( t, 2 )
elseif dataLen == 1 then
t = ( iconData:sub( s, s ):byte() << 16 ); s = s + 1;
encode( t, 1 )
end
print()
- Output:
AAABAAIAEBAAAAAAAABoBQAAJgAAACAgAAAAAAAAqAgAAI4FAAAoAAAAEAAAACAAAAABAA gAAAAAAEABAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAP///wCGiYcARkhHAL/CwAAmKScAam1r ... AAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQ AAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAE=
M2000 Interpreter
Using Urlmon.dll, UrlDownloadToFileW() function.
function global DownLoad$(filename$, drive$){
Const BINDF_GETNEWESTVERSION = 0x10&
if internet then
If exist(filename$) then Try {dos "del "+quote$(dir$+filename$);} : Wait 200
Declare URLDownloadToFile lib "urlmon.URLDownloadToFileW" {
long pCaller, szUrl$, sxFilename$, long dwReserved, long callback
}
if URLDownloadToFile(0,drive$, dir$+filename$,BINDF_GETNEWESTVERSION,0)==0 then
= "Ok"
Else
= "Try Again"
end if
else
= "No Internet, Try Again"
end if
}
iF Download$("rosettacode.ico","https://rosettacode.org/favicon.ico")="Ok" then
a=buffer("rosettacode.ico")
R$=string$(Eval$(a) as Encode64,0,0)
clipboard R$
report r$
end if- Output:
iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAQCAMAAAAoLQ9TAAAABGdBTUEAALGPC/xh BQAAAAFzUkdCAK7OHOkAAAAgY0hSTQAAeiYAAICEAAD6AAAAgOgAAHUwAADqYAAA ................. bnRsb2cvZmF2aWNvbnMvMjAxNS0wOC0wMi8xNDBkYmM4M2RmNWY3NmQyNmIzYWNl M2ZlYTViYzI5ZS5pY28ucG5nBect2gAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==
Mathematica / Wolfram Language
ExportString[Import["http://rosettacode.org/favicon.ico", "Text"], "Base64"]
Very interesting results.
- Output:
AAABAAIAEBAAAAAAAABoBQAAJgAAACAgAAAAAAAAqAgAAI4FAAAoAAAAEAAAACAAAAABAAgAAAAA AEABAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAP///wCGiYcARkhHAL/CwAAmKScAam1rAOPm5ACgo6EA V1pYABcZGADO0c8AODs5AK2wrgBzdnQA6+7sAPz//QAAAwEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA ............................................................................ AOaFhYbu7zPmhYWF5oaGhoaGhoaGhoaGhoaGhoaFhekA/////wAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAAB AAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEA AAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAE=
Nim
import base64
import httpclient
var client = newHttpClient()
let content = client.getContent("http://rosettacode.org/favicon.ico")
let encoded = encode(content)
if encoded.len <= 64:
echo encoded
else:
echo encoded[0..31] & "..." & encoded[^32..^1]
- Output:
AAABAAIAEBAAAAAAAABoBQAAJgAAACAg...AAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAE=
Nu
http get -r 'https://rosettacode.org/favicon.ico' | encode base64
| str replace -r '^(.{38}).*(.{37})$' '$1 ... $2'- Output:
AAABAAMAMDAAAAEAIACoJQAANgAAACAgAAABAC ... hAACH4QAAh+EAAIQhAAD8PwAA/D8AAPw/AAA=
Objective-C
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
int main(int argc, const char *argv[]) {
@autoreleasepool {
NSData *data = [NSData dataWithContentsOfURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"http://rosettacode.org/favicon.ico"]];
NSLog(@"%@", [data base64Encoding]);
}
return 0;
}
OCaml
# First we install with opam the lib: https://github.com/mirage/ocaml-base64
$ opam install base64
# Be sure to use the opam environment
$ eval $(opam env)
# Download the file to encode (there is no simple KISS way to do it in OCaml)
$ wget http://rosettacode.org/favicon.ico
# Starting the ocaml toplevel
$ rlwrap ocaml -I $(ocamlfind query base64) base64.cma
OCaml version 4.07.1
# let load_file f =
let ic = open_in f in
let n = in_channel_length ic in
let s = Bytes.create n in
really_input ic s 0 n;
close_in ic;
(Bytes.to_string s)
;;
val load_file : string -> string = <fun>
# let enc = Base64.encode_exn (load_file "favicon.ico") ;;
val enc : string =
"AAABAAIAEBAAAAAAAABoBQAAJgAAACAgAAAAAAAAqAgAAI4F"... (* string length 4852; truncated *)
Ol
(define base64-codes "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/")
(define kernel (alist->ff (map cons (iota (string-length base64-codes)) (string->bytes base64-codes))))
; returns n bits from input binary stream
(define (bits n hold)
(let loop ((hold hold))
(vector-apply hold (lambda (v i l)
(cond
; usual case
((pair? l)
(if (not (less? i n))
(values (>> v (- i n)) (vector (band v (- (<< 1 (- i n)) 1)) (- i n) l))
(loop (vector
(bor (<< v 8) (car l))
(+ i 8)
(cdr l)))))
; special case - no more characters in input stream
((null? l)
(cond
((= i 0)
(values #false #false)) ; done
((< i n)
(values (<< v (- n i)) (vector 0 0 #null)))
(else
(values (>> v (- i n)) (vector (band v (- (<< 1 (- i n)) 1)) (- i n) #null)))))
; just stream processing
(else
(loop (vector v i (force l)))))))))
; decoder.
(define (encode str)
(case (mod
(let loop ((hold [0 0 (str-iter str)]) (n 0))
(let*((bit hold (bits 6 hold)))
(when bit (display (string (kernel bit))))
(if (not hold)
n
(loop hold (+ n 1)))))
4)
(2 (print "=="))
(3 (print "="))
(else (print))))
(encode "Hello, Lisp!")
(encode "To err is human, but to really foul things up you need a computer.\n -- Paul R. Ehrlich")
(encode "Man is distinguished, not only by his reason, but by this singular passion from other animals, which is a lust of the mind, that by a perseverance of delight in the continued and indefatigable generation of knowledge, exceeds the short vehemence of any carnal pleasure.")
- Output:
SGVsbG8sIExpc3Ah MDEyMzQ= VG8gZXJyIGlzIGh1bWFuLCBidXQgdG8gcmVhbGx5IGZvdWwgdGhpbmdzIHVwIHlvdSBuZWVkIGEgY29tcHV0ZXIuCiAgICAtLSBQYXVsIFIuIEVocmxpY2g= TWFuIGlzIGRpc3Rpbmd1aXNoZWQsIG5vdCBvbmx5IGJ5IGhpcyByZWFzb24sIGJ1dCBieSB0aGlzIHNpbmd1bGFyIHBhc3Npb24gZnJvbSBvdGhlciBhbmltYWxzLCB3aGljaCBpcyBhIGx1c3Qgb2YgdGhlIG1pbmQsIHRoYXQgYnkgYSBwZXJzZXZlcmFuY2Ugb2YgZGVsaWdodCBpbiB0aGUgY29udGludWVkIGFuZCBpbmRlZmF0aWdhYmxlIGdlbmVyYXRpb24gb2Yga25vd2xlZGdlLCBleGNlZWRzIHRoZSBzaG9ydCB2ZWhlbWVuY2Ugb2YgYW55IGNhcm5hbCBwbGVhc3VyZS4=
The rosettacode icon:
(define icon (runes->string (bytevector->list (file->bytevector "favicon.ico"))))
(encode icon)
AAABAAIAEBAAAAAAAABoBQAAJgAAACAgAAAAAAAAqAgAAI4FAAAoAAAAEAAAACAAAAABAAgAAAAAAEABAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAP///wCG ... AABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAE=
Perl
#!perl
use strict;
use warnings;
use MIME::Base64;
open(my($fh), "<", "favicon.ico") or die;
local $/;
print encode_base64(<$fh>);
- Output:
The first and last lines of output are:
AAABAAIAEBAAAAAAAABoBQAAJgAAACAgAAAAAAAAqAgAAI4FAAAoAAAAEAAAACAAAAABAAgAAAAA
AAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAE=
Phix
For simplicity, the example from wp:
with javascript_semantics
include builtins\base64.e
string s = "Man is distinguished, not only by his reason, but by this singular passion from "&
"other animals, which is a lust of the mind, that by a perseverance of delight "&
"in the continued and indefatigable generation of knowledge, exceeds the short "&
"vehemence of any carnal pleasure."
string e = encode_base64(s)
?e
?decode_base64(e)
- Output:
"TWFuIGlzIGRpc3Rpbmd1aXNoZWQsIG5vdCBvbmx5IGJ5IGhpcyByZWFzb24sIGJ1dCBieSB0aGlzIHNpbmd1bGFyIHBhc3Npb24gZnJvbSBvdGhlciBhbmltYWxzLCB3aGljaCBpcyBhIGx1c3Qgb2YgdGhlIG1pbmQsIHRoYXQgYnkgYSBwZXJzZXZlcmFuY2Ugb2YgZGVsaWdodCBpbiB0aGUgY29udGludWVkIGFuZCBpbmRlZmF0aWdhYmxlIGdlbmVyYXRpb24gb2Yga25vd2xlZGdlLCBleGNlZWRzIHRoZSBzaG9ydCB2ZWhlbWVuY2Ugb2YgYW55IGNhcm5hbCBwbGVhc3VyZS4=" "Man is distinguished, not only by his reason, but by this singular passion from other animals, which is a lust of the mind, that by a perseverance of delight in the continued and indefatigable generation of knowledge, exceeds the short vehemence of any carnal pleasure."
This downloads, encodes, decodes, and verifies the icon:
without js
constant url = "https://rosettacode.org/favicon.ico",
out = get_file_name(url)
printf(1, "\nattempting to download remote file %s to local file %s\n\n", {url,out})
include libcurl.e
CURLcode res = curl_easy_get_file(url,"",out) -- (no proxy)
if res!=CURLE_OK then
printf(1, "Error %d downloading file\n", res)
else
string raw = get_text(out,GT_WHOLE_FILE+GT_BINARY)
printf(1, "file %s saved (%,d bytes)\n", {out,length(raw)})
string b64 = encode_base64(raw),
chk = decode_base64(b64)
printf(1,"base 64: %s, same: %t\n",{shorten(b64,"chars"),chk==raw})
end if
- Output:
attempting to download remote file https://rosettacode.org/favicon.ico to local file favicon.ico file favicon.ico saved (15,086 bytes) base 64: AAABAAMAMDAAAAEAIACo...AAD8PwAA/D8AAPw/AAA= (20,116 chars), same: true
(Aside: the icon seems to have increased from ~3K to ~15K since this was first written, output now matches Nu and XPL0 but no longer anything else)
PHP
<?php echo base64_encode(file_get_contents("http://rosettacode.org/favicon.ico"));/*1 liner*/ ?>
PicoLisp
`(== 64 64)
(setq *Char64
`'(chop
"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/" ) )
(de char64 (A B)
(default B 0)
(get *Char64 (inc (| A B))) )
(de base64 (S)
(let S (mapcar char (chop S))
(pack
(make
(while (cut 3 'S)
(let ((A B C) @)
(link (char64 (>> 2 A)))
(nond
(B
(link
(char64 (>> -4 (& A 3)))
'=
'= ) )
(C
(link
(char64 (>> -4 (& A 3)) (>> 4 B))
(char64 (>> -2 (& B 15)))
'= ) )
(NIL
(link
(char64 (>> -4 (& A 3)) (>> 4 B))
(char64 (>> -2 (& B 15)) (>> 6 C))
(char64 (& C 63))) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )
(test
"cGxlYXN1cmUu"
(base64 "pleasure.") )
(test
"bGVhc3VyZS4="
(base64 "leasure.") )
(test
"ZWFzdXJlLg=="
(base64 "easure.") )
(test
"YXN1cmUu"
(base64 "asure.") )
(test
"c3VyZS4="
(base64 "sure.") )Pike
string icon = Protocols.HTTP.get_url_data("http://rosettacode.org/favicon.ico");
// The default base64 encodeing linefeeds every 76 chars
array encoded_lines = MIME.encode_base64(icon)/"\n";
// For brivety, just print the first and last line
write("%s\n...\n%s\n", encoded_lines[0], encoded_lines[-1]);
- Output:
AAABAAIAEBAAAAAAAABoBQAAJgAAACAgAAAAAAAAqAgAAI4FAAAoAAAAEAAAACAAAAABAAgAAAAA ... AAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAE=
PowerShell
$webClient = [Net.WebClient]::new()
$bytes = $webClient.DownloadData('http://rosettacode.org/favicon.ico')
$output = [Convert]::ToBase64String($bytes)
$output
- Output:
AAABAAIAEBAAAAAAAABoBQAAJgAAACAg...AAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAE=
PureBasic
InitNetwork()
*BufferRaw = ReceiveHTTPMemory("http://rosettacode.org/favicon.ico")
If *BufferRaw
Debug Base64Encoder(*BufferRaw, MemorySize(*BufferRaw))
Else
Debug "Download failed"
EndIf
Python
Python 2
import urllib
import base64
data = urllib.urlopen('http://rosettacode.org/favicon.ico').read()
print base64.b64encode(data)
(For me this gets the wrong data; the data is actually an error message. But still, it base-64 encodes it.)
Python 3
import base64 # for b64encode()
from urllib.request import urlopen
print(base64.b64encode(urlopen('http://rosettacode.org/favicon.ico').read()))
# Open the URL, retrieve the data and encode the data.
Racket
#lang racket
(require net/url net/base64)
(base64-encode (call/input-url (string->url "http://rosettacode.org/favicon.ico")
get-pure-port port->bytes))
Output:
#"AAABAAIAEBAAAAAAAABoBQAA...AQAAAAE=\r\n"
Raku
(formerly Perl 6)
sub MAIN {
my $buf = slurp("./favicon.ico", :bin);
say buf-to-Base64($buf);
}
my @base64map = flat 'A' .. 'Z', 'a' .. 'z', ^10, '+', '/';
sub buf-to-Base64($buf) {
join '', gather for $buf.list -> $a, $b = [], $c = [] {
my $triplet = ($a +< 16) +| ($b +< 8) +| $c;
take @base64map[($triplet +> (6 * 3)) +& 0x3F];
take @base64map[($triplet +> (6 * 2)) +& 0x3F];
if $c.elems {
take @base64map[($triplet +> (6 * 1)) +& 0x3F];
take @base64map[($triplet +> (6 * 0)) +& 0x3F];
}
elsif $b.elems {
take @base64map[($triplet +> (6 * 1)) +& 0x3F];
take '=';
}
else { take '==' }
}
}
- Output:
AAABAAIAEBAAAAAAAABoBQAAJgAAACAgAA...QAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAE=
Red
Red [Source: https://github.com/vazub/rosetta-red]
print enbase read/binary https://rosettacode.org/favicon.ico
- Output:
AAABAAIAEBAAAAAAAABoBQAAJgAAACAg...AAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAE=
REXX
Some computers (or REXX implementations) are limited in virtual memory, so the chunk size (below) is
specified as 20000 to show how the file (if specified) can be read in chunks instead of reading it whole.
A much higher value for chunk could be used for modern systems or implementations.
/*REXX program converts text (from a file or the C.L.) to a base64 text string. */
parse arg iFID @ /*obtain optional arguments from the CL*/
if iFID=='' | iFID=="," then iFID='favicon.ico' /*Not specified? Then use the default.*/
chunk= 20000 /*# of bytes to read a file at one time*/
/*If @ isn't a blank, then use CL text.*/
if @='' then do s=1 by chunk until y=='' /* " " is " " " " the file*/
y= charin(iFID, s, chunk) /*read a chunk of the file, assign to Y*/
@= @ || y /*append the chunk (Y) to the @ var*/
end /*s*/ /* [↑] read a chunk of the file ──► @ */
t= base64(@) /*convert the @ string to base 64.*/
say center(' input', 79, "─"); say @ /*show the header and the input text.*/
say center('base64', 79, "─"); say t /* " " " " " base64 " */
exit /*stick a fork in it, we're all done. */
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
base64: procedure; parse arg Q; $= /*obtain input string; and nullify $. */
z= 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/'
do i=0 for 64 /*process each char in the Z string. */
!.i= substr(z, i + 1, 1) /*assign a char of Z to a ! element*/
end /*i*/
b= x2b( c2x(Q) )0000000000000000 /*Q ──► binary, add some zero padding.*/
L= length(Q) * 8 /*compute Q's length (in bits). */
do j=1 by 6 to L /*traipse through bit string by six. */
_= x2d( b2x( substr(b, j, 6) ) ) /*compute index into the BASE64 table. */
$= $ || !._ /*append to $ (the output string). */
end /*j*/
/* [↓] maybe append equal signs to $. */
return $ || copies('=', 2 * (L//6==2) + (L//6==4) )
For the various outputs, several input texts from the Wikipedia article on Base64 [1] were used to demonstrate how padding works.
- output when using the input of: , any carnal pleasure.
──────────────────────────────────── input───────────────────────────────────── any carnal pleasure. ────────────────────────────────────base64───────────────────────────────────── YW55IGNhcm5hbCBwbGVhc3VyZS4=
- output when using the input of: , any carnal pleasure
──────────────────────────────────── input───────────────────────────────────── any carnal pleasure ────────────────────────────────────base64───────────────────────────────────── YW55IGNhcm5hbCBwbGVhc3VyZQ==
- output when using the input of: , any carnal pleasur
──────────────────────────────────── input───────────────────────────────────── any carnal pleasur ────────────────────────────────────base64───────────────────────────────────── YW55IGNhcm5hbCBwbGVhc3Vy
- output when using the input of: , any carnal pleasu
──────────────────────────────────── input───────────────────────────────────── any carnal pleasu ────────────────────────────────────base64───────────────────────────────────── YW55IGNhcm5hbCBwbGVhc3U=
- output when using the input of: , any carnal pleas
──────────────────────────────────── input───────────────────────────────────── any carnal pleas ────────────────────────────────────base64───────────────────────────────────── YW55IGNhcm5hbCBwbGVhcw==
Ring
#=======================================#
# Description : Base64 Sample
# Author : Mansour Ayouni
#=======================================#
# Loading RingQt
load "guilib.ring"
# Creating a QByteArray object
oQByteArray = new QByteArray()
# Adding a string to the QByteArray object
oQByteArray.append("my string")
# Encoding the content of the QByteArray in a base64 string
? oQByteArray.toBase64().data()
# To do the inverse operation:
# You put your base64 string inside a QByteArray object
oQByteArray = new QByteArray()
oQByteArray.append("bXkgc3RyaW5n")
? oQByteArray.fromBase64(oQByteArray).data()- Output:
bXkgc3RyaW5n my string
RPL
« 3 OVER SIZE 3 MOD DUP 3 IFTE -
SWAP ""
1 PICK3 SIZE FOR j
OVER j DUP SUB NUM
256 + R→B →STR 4 OVER SIZE 1 - SUB +
NEXT
NIP "0000" 1 4 PICK 2 * SUB +
» 'STR→BITS' STO @ ( "string" → fill "bits" )
« BIN 8 STWS STR→BITS
""
1 PICK3 SIZE FOR j
OVER j DUP 5 + SUB "b" + "#" SWAP + STR→ B→R
{ 25 51 61 62 63 } OVER ≥ 1 POS
{ 65 71 -4 -19 -16 } SWAP GET + CHR +
6 STEP
NIP "==" 1 4 ROLL SUB +
» '→B64' STO
"Hello, RPL!" →B64 "To err is human, but to really foul things up you need a computer.\n -- Paul R. Ehrlich" →B64
- Output:
2: "SGVsbG8sIFJQTCEA==" 1:"VG8gZXJyIGlzIGh1bWFuLCBidXQgdG8gcmVhbGx5IGZvdWwgdGhpbmdzIHVwIHlvdSBuZWVkIGEgY29tcHV0ZXIuCiAgICAtLSBQYXVsIFIuIEVocmxpY2g="
Ruby
require 'open-uri'
require 'base64'
puts Base64.encode64 open('http://rosettacode.org/favicon.ico') {|f| f.read}
Scala
import java.net.URL
import java.util.Base64
object Base64S extends App {
val conn = new URL("http://rosettacode.org/favicon.ico").openConnection
val bytes = conn.getInputStream.readAllBytes()
val result = Base64.getEncoder.encodeToString(bytes)
println(s"${result.take(22)} ... ${result.drop(4830)}")
assert(Base64.getDecoder.decode(result) sameElements bytes)
println(s"Successfully completed without errors. [total ${compat.Platform.currentTime - executionStart} ms]")
}
Seed7
The Seed7 library encoding.s7i defines the function toBase64, which encodes a string with the Base64 encoding.
$ include "seed7_05.s7i";
include "gethttp.s7i";
include "encoding.s7i";
const proc: main is func
begin
writeln(toBase64(getHttp("rosettacode.org/favicon.ico")));
end func;SenseTalk
put "To err is human, but to really foul things up you need a computer. --Paul R.Ehrlich" as base64
put base64Encode ("To err is human, but to really foul things up you need a computer. --Paul R.Ehrlich")Output:
VG8gZXJyIGlzIGh1bWFuLCBidXQgdG8gcmVhbGx5IGZvdWwgdGhpbmdzIHVwIHlvdSBuZWVk
IGEgY29tcHV0ZXIuIC0tUGF1bCBSLkVocmxpY2g=
...
VG8gZXJyIGlzIGh1bWFuLCBidXQgdG8gcmVhbGx5IGZvdWwgdGhpbmdzIHVwIHlvdSBuZWVk
IGEgY29tcHV0ZXIuIC0tUGF1bCBSLkVocmxpY2g=Sidef
var data = %f'favicon.ico'.read(:raw) # binary string
print data.encode_base64 # print to STDOUT
Slope
(define table-reg "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/=")
(define table-alt "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789-_=")
; The second argument to encode, if given, will be treated as a bool
; a truthy value will have the encoding be URL safe
(define encode (lambda (in ...)
(if (not (pair? in))
(set! in (string->bytes (append "" in))))
(define table (if (and (pair? ...) (car ...)) table-alt table-reg))
(define b-length (length in))
(define pad-length
(if (equal? (% b-length 3) 1)
2
(if (equal? (% b-length 3) 2)
1
0)))
(define size (+ b-length pad-length))
(define src-arr in)
(define dst-arr in)
(cond
((equal? pad-length 1) (set! dst-arr (append dst-arr 0)))
((equal? pad-length 2) (set! dst-arr (append dst-arr 0 0))))
(define result [])
(for ((i 0 (+ i 3))) ((< i size))
(define a (ref dst-arr i))
(define b (ref dst-arr (+ i 1)))
(define c (ref dst-arr (+ i 2)))
(define is-last (> (+ i 3) b-length))
(set! result
(append result
(>> a 2)
(| (<< (& a 3) 4) (>> b 4))))
(if (or (not is-last) (zero? pad-length))
(set! result
(append result
(| (<< (& b 15) 2) (>> c 6))
(& c 63)))
(if (equal? pad-length 2)
(set! result (append result "=" "="))
(if (equal? pad-length 1)
(set! result (append result (| (<< (& b 15) 2) (>> c 6)) "="))))))
(list->string
(map
(lambda (code)
(if (string? code)
"="
(ref table code)))
result))))
(load-mod request) ; available from slp
(define data (request::fetch "http://rosettacode.org/favicon.ico"))
(display (encode data))Output:
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Standard ML
Using smlnj-lib:
fun b64enc filename =
let
val instream = BinIO.openIn filename
val data = BinIO.inputAll instream
in
Base64.encode data before BinIO.closeIn instream
end
- Output:
- b64enc "/tmp/favicon.ico"; val it = "AAABAAMAMDAAAAEAIACoJQAANgAAACAgAAABACAAqBAAAN4lAAAQEAAAAQAgAGgEAACGNg#" : string
Note the "#" means the output is truncated.
Tcl
package require Tcl 8.6
package require http
set tok [http::geturl http://rosettacode.org/favicon.ico]
set icondata [http::data $tok]
http::cleanup $tok
puts [binary encode base64 -maxlen 64 $icondata]
With older versions of Tcl, the base64 encoding is best supported via an external package:
package require base64
package require http
set tok [http::geturl http://rosettacode.org/favicon.ico]
set icondata [http::data $tok]
http::cleanup $tok
puts [base64::encode -maxlen 64 $icondata]
VBA
Option Explicit
Public Function Decode(s As String) As String
Dim i As Integer, j As Integer, r As Byte
Dim FirstByte As Byte, SecndByte As Byte, ThirdByte As Byte
Dim SixBitArray() As Byte, ResultString As String, Token As String
Dim Counter As Integer, InputLength As Integer
InputLength = Len(s)
ReDim SixBitArray(InputLength + 1)
j = 1 'j counts the tokens excluding cr, lf and padding
For i = 1 To InputLength 'loop over s and translate tokens to 0-63
Token = Mid(s, i, 1)
Select Case Token
Case "A" To "Z"
SixBitArray(j) = Asc(Token) - Asc("A")
j = j + 1
Case "a" To "z"
SixBitArray(j) = Asc(Token) - Asc("a") + 26
j = j + 1
Case "0" To "9"
SixBitArray(j) = Asc(Token) - Asc("0") + 52
j = j + 1
Case "+"
SixBitArray(j) = 62
j = j + 1
Case "/"
SixBitArray(j) = 63
j = j + 1
Case "="
'padding'
Case Else
'cr and lf
End Select
Next i
r = (j - 1) Mod 4
Counter = 1
For i = 1 To (j - 1) \ 4 'loop over the six bit byte quadruplets
FirstByte = SixBitArray(Counter) * 4 + SixBitArray(Counter + 1) \ 16
SecndByte = (SixBitArray(Counter + 1) Mod 16) * 16 + SixBitArray(Counter + 2) \ 4
ThirdByte = (SixBitArray(Counter + 2) Mod 4) * 64 + SixBitArray(Counter + 3)
ResultString = ResultString & Chr(FirstByte) & Chr(SecndByte) & Chr(ThirdByte)
Counter = Counter + 4
Next i
Select Case r
Case 3
FirstByte = SixBitArray(Counter) * 4 + SixBitArray(Counter + 1) \ 16
SecndByte = (SixBitArray(Counter + 1) Mod 16) * 16 + SixBitArray(Counter + 2) \ 4
ResultString = ResultString & Chr(FirstByte) & Chr(SecndByte)
Case 2
FirstByte = SixBitArray(Counter) * 4 + SixBitArray(Counter + 1) \ 16
ResultString = ResultString & Chr(FirstByte)
End Select
Decode = ResultString
End Function
Public Function Encode(s As String) As String
Dim InputLength As Integer, FirstByte As Byte, SecndByte As Byte, ThirdByte As Byte, r As Byte
Dim LineNumber As Integer, z As Integer, q() As String, ResultString As String
Dim FullLines As Integer, LastLineLength As Integer, Counter As Integer
q = Split("A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I,J,K,L,M,N,O,P,Q,R,S,T,U,V,W,X,Y,Z,a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j," & _
"k,l,m,n,o,p,q,r,s,t,u,v,w,x,y,z,0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,+,/", ",", -1, vbTextCompare)
InputLength = Len(s)
r = InputLength Mod 3
FullLines = ((InputLength - r) / 3) \ 20 + 1: LastLineLength = (InputLength - r) / 3 Mod 20 - 1
Counter = 1
For LineNumber = 1 To FullLines
For z = 0 To IIf(LineNumber < FullLines, 19, LastLineLength) 'loop over the byte triplets
FirstByte = Asc(Mid(s, Counter, 1))
SecndByte = Asc(Mid(s, Counter + 1, 1))
ThirdByte = Asc(Mid(s, Counter + 2, 1))
Counter = Counter + 3
ResultString = ResultString & q(FirstByte \ 4) & q((FirstByte Mod 4) * 16 + _
(SecndByte \ 16)) & q((SecndByte Mod 16) * 4 + (ThirdByte \ 64)) & q(ThirdByte Mod 64)
Next z
If LineNumber < FullLines Then ResultString = ResultString & vbCrLf
Next LineNumber
Select Case r
Case 2
FirstByte = Asc(Mid(s, Counter, 1))
SecndByte = Asc(Mid(s, Counter + 1, 1))
ResultString = ResultString & q(FirstByte \ 4) & q((FirstByte Mod 4) * 16 + _
(SecndByte \ 16)) & q((SecndByte Mod 16) * 4) & "="
Case 1
FirstByte = Asc(Mid(s, Counter, 1))
ResultString = ResultString & q(FirstByte \ 4) & q((FirstByte Mod 4) * 16) & "=="
End Select
Encode = ResultString
End Function
Private Function ReadWebFile(ByVal vWebFile As String) As String
'adapted from https://www.ozgrid.com/forum/forum/help-forums/excel-general/86714-vba-read-text-file-from-a-url
Dim oXMLHTTP As Object, i As Long, vFF As Long, oResp() As Byte
Set oXMLHTTP = CreateObject("MSXML2.XMLHTTP")
oXMLHTTP.Open "GET", vWebFile, False
oXMLHTTP.send
Do While oXMLHTTP.readyState <> 4: DoEvents: Loop
oResp = oXMLHTTP.responseBody 'Returns the results as a byte array
ReadWebFile = StrConv(oResp, vbUnicode)
Set oXMLHTTP = Nothing
End Function
Public Sub Task()
Dim In_ As String, Out As String, bIn As String
Dim filelength As Integer
Dim i As Integer
In_ = ReadWebFile("http://rosettacode.org/favicon.ico")
Out = Encode(In_)
bIn = Decode(Out)
Debug.Print "The first eighty and last eighty characters after encoding:"
Debug.Print Left(Out, 82) & "..." & vbCrLf & Join(Split(Right(Out, 82), vbCrLf), "")
Debug.Print "Result of string comparison of input and decoded output: " & StrComp(In_, bIn, vbBinaryCompare)
Debug.Print "A zero indicates both strings are equal."
End Sub
- Output:
The first eighty and last eighty characters after encoding:AAABAAIAEBAAAAAAAABoBQAAJgAAACAgAAAAAAAAqAgAAI4FAAAoAAAAEAAAACAAAAABAAgAAAAAAEAB ... AAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAE= Result of string comparison of input and decoded output: 0.
A zero indicates both strings are equal.
V (Vlang)
import net.http
import encoding.base64
import os
fn main() {
resp := http.get("http://rosettacode.org/favicon.ico") or {println(err) exit(-1)}
encoded := base64.encode_str(resp.body)
println(encoded)
// Check if can decode and save
decoded := base64.decode_str(encoded)
os.write_file("./favicon.ico", decoded) or {println("File not created or written to!")}
}
Wren
From first principles using string manipulation. Quick enough here.
import "io" for File, Stdout
import "./fmt" for Conv, Fmt
import "./seq" for Lst
var alpha = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/"
var encode = Fn.new { |s|
var c = s.count
if (c == 0) return s
var e = ""
for (b in s) e = e + Fmt.swrite("$08b", b)
if (c == 2) {
e = e + "00"
} else if (c == 1) {
e = e + "0000"
}
var i = 0
while (i < e.count) {
var ix = Conv.atoi(e[i..i+5], 2)
System.write(alpha[ix])
i = i + 6
}
if (c == 2) {
System.write("=")
} else if (c == 1) {
System.write("==")
}
Stdout.flush()
}
var s = File.read("favicon.ico").bytes.toList
for (chunk in Lst.chunks(s, 3)) encode.call(chunk)
System.print()
- Output:
AAABAAIAEBAAAAAAAABoBQAAJgAAACAgAAAAAAAAqAgAAI4FAAAoAAAAEAAAACAAAAABAAgAAAAAAEABAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAP///wCGiYcARkhHAL/CwAAmKScAam1rAOPm5ACgo6EAV1pYABcZ .... AAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAE=
XPL0
The end of the input file is detected here by detecting the error when attempting to read beyond the end. The first attempt to read beyond the end returns an EOF code ($1A -- useful when reading text files). The second attempt to read beyond the end causes an error, which by default aborts a program. However, error trapping is turned off here [with Trap(false)] and GetErr is used to detect the error, and thus the end-of-file.
The output here is different than other examples because the icon at the provided link has changed.
int Char;
func GetCh; \Return character from input file (with one-char look-ahead)
int Prev;
[Prev:= Char;
Char:= ChIn(3);
return Prev;
];
char Base64;
int FD, Acc, Bytes, Column;
[Base64:= "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/ ";
Trap(false); \disable error trapping; use GetErr instead
FD:= FOpen("favicon.ico", 0); \open input file
FSet(FD, ^I);
OpenI(3);
FD:= FOpen("favicon.txt", 1); \open file for output
FSet(FD, ^O);
OpenO(3);
Char:= ChIn(3); \initialize one-char look-ahead
Column:= 0;
loop [Acc:= 0; Bytes:= 0;
Acc:= GetCh<<16;
if GetErr then quit;
Bytes:= Bytes+1;
Acc:= Acc + GetCh<<8;
if GetErr = 0 then
[Bytes:= Bytes+1;
Acc:= Acc + GetCh;
if GetErr = 0 then Bytes:= Bytes+1;
];
ChOut(3, Base64(Acc>>18));
ChOut(3, Base64(Acc>>12 & $3F));
ChOut(3, if Bytes < 2 then ^= else Base64(Acc>>6 & $3F));
ChOut(3, if Bytes < 3 then ^= else Base64(Acc & $3F));
Column:= Column+4;
if Column >= 76 then [Column:= 0; CrLf(3)];
if Bytes < 3 then quit;
];
if Column # 0 then CrLf(3);
Close(3);
]- Output:
AAABAAMAMDAAAAEAIACoJQAANgAAACAgAAABACAAqBAAAN4lAAAQEAAAAQAgAGgEAACGNgAAKAAA ... AAD8PwAA/D8AAIQhAACH4QAAh+EAAIQhAAD8PwAA/D8AAPw/AAA=
zkl
Using shared libraries for cURL and message hashing:
var [const] MsgHash=Import("zklMsgHash"), Curl=Import("zklCurl");
icon:=Curl().get("http://rosettacode.org/favicon.ico"); //-->(Data(4,331),693,0)
icon=icon[0][icon[1],*]; // remove header
b64:=MsgHash.base64encode(icon);
println("Is the Rosetta Code icon the same (byte for byte) encoded then decoded: ",
icon==MsgHash.base64decode(b64));
b64.println();
b64.text.println();- Output:
Encoded to 72 characters per line
Is the Rosetta Code icon the same (byte for byte) encoded then decoded: True Data(4,920) AAABAAIAEBAAAAAAAABoBQAAJgAAACAgAAAAAAAAqAgAAI4FAAAoAAAAEAAAACAAAAABAAgA AAAAAEABAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAP///wCGiYcARkhHAL/CwAAmKScAam1rAOPm ... AAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAAB AAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAE=
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