String length: Difference between revisions
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{{task|Basic language learning}}
[[Category: String manipulation]]
{{omit from|GUISS|Can use Microsoft Word document properties, but this might not be accurate}}
{{omit from|Openscad}}
;Task:
Find the <em>character</em> and <em>byte</em> length of a string.
This means encodings like [[UTF-8]] need to be handled properly, as there is not necessarily a one-to-one relationship between bytes and characters.
By ''character'', we mean an individual Unicode ''code point'', not a user-visible ''grapheme'' containing combining characters.
For example, the character length of "møøse" is 5 but the byte length is 7 in UTF-8 and 10 in UTF-16.
Non-BMP code points (those between 0x10000 and 0x10FFFF) must also be handled correctly: answers should produce actual character counts in code points, not in code unit counts.
Therefore a string like "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢" (consisting of the 7 Unicode characters U+1D518 U+1D52B U+1D526 U+1D520 U+1D52C U+1D521 U+1D522) is 7 characters long, '''not''' 14 UTF-16 code units; and it is 28 bytes long whether encoded in UTF-8 or in UTF-16.
Please mark your examples with <nowiki>===Character Length=== or ===Byte Length===</nowiki>.
If your language is capable of providing the string length in graphemes, mark those examples with <nowiki>===Grapheme Length===</nowiki>.
For example, the string "J̲o̲s̲é̲" ("J\x{332}o\x{332}s\x{332}e\x{301}\x{332}") has 4 user-visible graphemes, 9 characters (code points), and 14 bytes when encoded in UTF-8.
<br><br>
{{Template:Strings}}
<br><br>
=={{header|360 Assembly}}==
Assembler 360 use EBCDIC coding, so one character is one byte.
The L' atrribute can be seen as the length function for assembler 360.
<syntaxhighlight lang="360asm">* String length 06/07/2016
LEN CSECT
USING LEN,15 base register
LA 1,L'C length of C
XDECO 1,PG
XPRNT PG,12
LA 1,L'H length of H
XDECO 1,PG
XPRNT PG,12
LA 1,L'F length of F
XDECO 1,PG
XPRNT PG,12
LA 1,L'D length of D
XDECO 1,PG
XPRNT PG,12
LA 1,L'PG length of PG
XDECO 1,PG
XPRNT PG,12
BR 14 exit length
C DS C character 1
H DS H half word 2
F DS F full word 4
D DS D double word 8
PG DS CL12 string 12
END LEN</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>
1
2
4
8
12
</pre>
=={{header|6502 Assembly}}==
{{trans|Z80 Assembly}}
Most 6502-based computers predate Unicode, so only byte length will be demonstrated for now.
<syntaxhighlight lang="6502asm">GetStringLength: ;$00 and $01 make up the pointer to the string's base address.
;(Of course, any two consecutive zero-page memory locations can fulfill this role.)
LDY #0 ;Y is both the index into the string and the length counter.
loop_getStringLength:
LDA ($00),y
BEQ exit
INY
JMP loop_getStringLength
exit:
RTS ;string length is now loaded into Y.</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|68000 Assembly}}==
===Byte Length (ASCII)===
<syntaxhighlight lang="68000devpac">GetStringLength:
; INPUT: A3 = BASE ADDRESS OF STRING
; RETURNS LENGTH IN D1 (MEASURED IN BYTES)
MOVE.L #0,D1
loop_getStringLength:
MOVE.B (A3)+,D0
CMP #0,D0
BEQ done
ADDQ.L #1,D1
BRA loop_getStringLength
done:
RTS</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|8086 Assembly}}==
{{trans|68000 Assembly}}
===Byte Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="asm">;INPUT: DS:SI = BASE ADDR. OF STRING
;TYPICALLY, MS-DOS USES $ TO TERMINATE STRINGS.
GetStringLength:
xor cx,cx ;this takes fewer bytes to encode than "mov cx,0"
cld ;makes string functions post-inc rather than post-dec.
loop_GetStringLength:
lodsb ;equivalent of "mov al,[ds:si],inc si" except this doesn't alter the flags.
cmp '$'
je done ;if equal, we're finished.
inc cx ;add 1 to length counter. A null string will have a length of zero.
jmp loop_GetStringLength
done:
ret</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|4D}}==
===Byte Length===
=={{header|AArch64 Assembly}}==
{{works with|as|Raspberry Pi 3B version Buster 64 bits}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="aarch64 assembly">
/* ARM assembly AARCH64 Raspberry PI 3B */
/* program stringLength64.s */
/*******************************************/
/* Constantes file */
/*******************************************/
/* for this file see task include a file in language AArch64 assembly*/
.include "../includeConstantesARM64.inc"
/*********************************/
/* Initialized data */
/*********************************/
.data
sMessResultByte: .asciz "===Byte Length=== : @ \n"
sMessResultChar: .asciz "===Character Length=== : @ \n"
szString1: .asciz "møøse€"
szCarriageReturn: .asciz "\n"
/*********************************/
/* UnInitialized data */
/*********************************/
.bss
sZoneConv: .skip 24
/*********************************/
/* code section */
/*********************************/
.text
.global main
main: // entry of program
ldr x0,qAdrszString1
bl affichageMess // display string
ldr x0,qAdrszCarriageReturn
bl affichageMess
ldr x0,qAdrszString1
mov x1,#0
1: // loop compute length bytes
ldrb w2,[x0,x1]
cmp w2,#0
cinc x1,x1,ne
bne 1b
mov x0,x1 // result display
ldr x1,qAdrsZoneConv
bl conversion10 // call decimal conversion
ldr x0,qAdrsMessResultByte
ldr x1,qAdrsZoneConv // insert conversion in message
bl strInsertAtCharInc
bl affichageMess
ldr x0,qAdrszString1
mov x1,#0
mov x3,#0
2: // loop compute length characters
ldrb w2,[x0,x1]
cmp w2,#0
beq 6f
and x2,x2,#0b11100000 // 3 bytes ?
cmp x2,#0b11100000
bne 3f
add x3,x3,#1
add x1,x1,#3
b 2b
3:
and x2,x2,#0b11000000 // 2 bytes ?
cmp x2,#0b11000000
bne 4f
add x3,x3,#1
add x1,x1,#2
b 2b
4: // else 1 byte
add x3,x3,#1
add x1,x1,#1
b 2b
6:
mov x0,x3
ldr x1,qAdrsZoneConv
bl conversion10 // call decimal conversion
ldr x0,qAdrsMessResultChar
ldr x1,qAdrsZoneConv // insert conversion in message
bl strInsertAtCharInc
bl affichageMess
100: // standard end of the program
mov x0,0 // return code
mov x8,EXIT // request to exit program
svc 0 // perform the system call
qAdrszCarriageReturn: .quad szCarriageReturn
qAdrsMessResultByte: .quad sMessResultByte
qAdrsMessResultChar: .quad sMessResultChar
qAdrszString1: .quad szString1
qAdrsZoneConv: .quad sZoneConv
/********************************************************/
/* File Include fonctions */
/********************************************************/
/* for this file see task include a file in language AArch64 assembly */
.include "../includeARM64.inc"
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Action!}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="action!">PROC Test(CHAR ARRAY s)
PrintF("Length of ""%S"" is %B%E",s,s(0))
RETURN
PROC Main()
Test("Hello world!")
Test("")
RETURN</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
[https://gitlab.com/amarok8bit/action-rosetta-code/-/raw/master/images/String_length.png Screenshot from Atari 8-bit computer]
<pre>
Length of "Hello world!" is 12
Length of "" is 0
</pre>
=={{header|ActionScript}}==
===Byte length===
This uses UTF-8 encoding. For other encodings, the ByteArray's <code>writeMultiByte()</code> method can be used.
<syntaxhighlight lang="actionscript">
package {
import flash.display.Sprite;
import flash.events.Event;
import flash.utils.ByteArray;
public class StringByteLength extends Sprite {
public function StringByteLength() {
if ( stage ) _init();
else addEventListener(Event.ADDED_TO_STAGE, _init);
}
private function _init(e:Event = null):void {
var s1:String = "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog";
var s2:String = "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢";
var s3:String = "José";
var b:ByteArray = new ByteArray();
b.writeUTFBytes(s1);
trace(b.length); // 43
b.clear();
b.writeUTFBytes(s2);
trace(b.length); // 28
b.clear();
b.writeUTFBytes(s3);
trace(b.length); // 5
}
}
}
</syntaxhighlight>
===Character Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="actionscript">
var s1:String = "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog";
var s2:String = "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢";
var s3:String = "José";
trace(s1.length, s2.length, s3.length); // 43, 14, 4
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Ada}}==
{{works with|GCC|4.1.2}}
===Byte Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="ada">Str : String := "Hello World";
Length : constant Natural := Str'Size / 8;</syntaxhighlight>
The 'Size attribute returns the size of an object in bits. Provided that under "byte" one understands an octet of bits, the length in "bytes" will be 'Size divided to 8. Note that this is not necessarily the machine storage unit. In order to make the program portable, System.Storage_Unit should be used instead of "magic number" 8. System.Storage_Unit yields the number of bits in a storage unit on the current machine. Further, the length of a string object is not the length of what the string contains in whatever measurement units. String as an object may have a "dope" to keep the array bounds. In fact the object length can even be 0, if the compiler optimized the object away. So in most cases "byte length" makes no sense in Ada.
===Character Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="ada">Latin_1_Str : String := "Hello World";
UCS_16_Str : Wide_String := "Hello World";
Unicode_Str : Wide_Wide_String := "Hello World";
Latin_1_Length : constant Natural := Latin_1_Str'Length;
UCS_16_Length : constant Natural := UCS_16_Str'Length;
Unicode_Length : constant Natural := Unicode_Str'Length;</syntaxhighlight>
The attribute 'Length yields the number of elements of an [[array]]. Since strings in Ada are arrays of characters, 'Length is the string length. Ada supports strings of [[Latin-1]], [[UCS-16]] and full [[Unicode]] characters. In the example above character length of all three strings is 11. The length of the objects in bits will differ.
=={{header|Aime}}==
===Byte Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="aime">length("Hello, World!")</syntaxhighlight>
or
<syntaxhighlight lang="aime">~"Hello, World!"</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|ALGOL 68}}==
===Bits and Bytes Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="algol68">BITS bits := bits pack((TRUE, TRUE, FALSE, FALSE)); # packed array of BOOL #
BYTES bytes := bytes pack("Hello, world"); # packed array of CHAR #
print((
"BITS and BYTES are fixed width:", new line,
"bits width:", bits width, ", max bits: ", max bits, ", bits:", bits, new line,
"bytes width: ",bytes width, ", UPB:",UPB STRING(bytes), ", string:", STRING(bytes),"!", new line
))</syntaxhighlight>
Output:
<pre>
BITS and BYTES are fixed width:
bits width: +32, max bits: TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT, bits:TTFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
bytes width: +32, UPB: +32, string:Hello, world!
</pre>
===Character Length===
printf(($l"STRINGS can start at -1, in which case LWB must be used:"l$));
STRING s := "abcd"[@-1];
print(("s:",s, ", LWB:", LWB s, ", UPB:",UPB s, ", LEN:",UPB s - LWB s + 1))</syntaxhighlight>
Output:
<pre>
Length of "hello, world" is +12
STRINGS can start at -1, in which case LWB must be used:
s:abcd, LWB: -1, UPB: +2, LEN: +4
</pre>
=={{header|Apex}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="apex">
String myString = 'abcd';
System.debug('Size of String', myString.length());
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|AppleScript}}==
===Byte Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="applescript">count of "Hello World"</syntaxhighlight>
Mac OS X 10.5 (Leopard) includes AppleScript 2.0 which uses only Unicode (UTF-16) character strings.
This example has been tested on OSX 10.8.5. Added a combining char for testing.
<syntaxhighlight lang="applescript">
set inString to "Hello é̦世界"
set byteCount to 0
repeat with c in inString
set t to id of c
if ((count of t) > 0) then
repeat with i in t
set byteCount to byteCount + doit(i)
end repeat
else
set byteCount to byteCount + doit(t)
end if
end repeat
byteCount
on doit(cid)
set n to (cid as integer)
if n > 67108863 then -- 0x3FFFFFF
return 6
else if n > 2097151 then -- 0x1FFFFF
return 5
else if n > 65535 then -- 0xFFFF
return 4
else if n > 2047 then -- 0x07FF
return 3
else if n > 127 then -- 0x7F
return 2
else
return 1
end if
end doit</syntaxhighlight>
===Character Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="applescript">count of "Hello World"</syntaxhighlight>
Or:
=={{header|Applesoft BASIC}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="applesoftbasic">? LEN("HELLO, WORLD!")</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|ARM Assembly}}==
{{works with|as|Raspberry Pi}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="arm assembly">
/* ARM assembly Raspberry PI */
/* program stringLength.s */
/* REMARK 1 : this program use routines in a include file
see task Include a file language arm assembly
for the routine affichageMess conversion10
see at end of this program the instruction include */
/* for constantes see task include a file in arm assembly */
/************************************/
/* Constantes */
/************************************/
.include "../constantes.inc"
/*********************************/
/* Initialized data */
/*********************************/
.data
sMessResultByte: .asciz "===Byte Length=== : @ \n"
sMessResultChar: .asciz "===Character Length=== : @ \n"
szString1: .asciz "møøse€"
szCarriageReturn: .asciz "\n"
/*********************************/
/* UnInitialized data */
/*********************************/
.bss
sZoneConv: .skip 24
/*********************************/
/* code section */
/*********************************/
.text
.global main
main: @ entry of program
ldr r0,iAdrszString1
bl affichageMess @ display string
ldr r0,iAdrszCarriageReturn
bl affichageMess
ldr r0,iAdrszString1
mov r1,#0
1: @ loop compute length bytes
ldrb r2,[r0,r1]
cmp r2,#0
addne r1,#1
bne 1b
mov r0,r1 @ result display
ldr r1,iAdrsZoneConv
bl conversion10 @ call decimal conversion
ldr r0,iAdrsMessResultByte
ldr r1,iAdrsZoneConv @ insert conversion in message
bl strInsertAtCharInc
bl affichageMess
ldr r0,iAdrszString1
mov r1,#0
mov r3,#0
2: @ loop compute length characters
ldrb r2,[r0,r1]
cmp r2,#0
beq 6f
and r2,#0b11100000 @ 3 bytes ?
cmp r2,#0b11100000
bne 3f
add r3,#1
add r1,#3
b 2b
3:
and r2,#0b11000000 @ 2 bytes ?
cmp r2,#0b11000000
bne 4f
add r3,#1
add r1,#2
b 2b
4: @ else 1 byte
add r3,#1
add r1,#1
b 2b
6:
mov r0,r3
ldr r1,iAdrsZoneConv
bl conversion10 @ call decimal conversion
ldr r0,iAdrsMessResultChar
ldr r1,iAdrsZoneConv @ insert conversion in message
bl strInsertAtCharInc
bl affichageMess
100: @ standard end of the program
mov r0, #0 @ return code
mov r7, #EXIT @ request to exit program
svc #0 @ perform the system call
iAdrszCarriageReturn: .int szCarriageReturn
iAdrsMessResultByte: .int sMessResultByte
iAdrsMessResultChar: .int sMessResultChar
iAdrszString1: .int szString1
iAdrsZoneConv: .int sZoneConv
/***************************************************/
/* ROUTINES INCLUDE */
/***************************************************/
.include "../affichage.inc"
</syntaxhighlight>
<pre>
møøse€
===Byte Length=== : 10
===Character Length=== : 6
</pre>
=={{header|Arturo}}==
===Character Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="rebol">str: "Hello World"
print ["length =" size str]</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>length = 11</pre>
=={{header|AutoHotkey}}==
===Character Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="autohotkey">Msgbox % StrLen("Hello World")</syntaxhighlight>
Or:
<syntaxhighlight lang="autohotkey">String := "Hello World"
StringLen, Length, String
Msgbox % Length</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Avail}}==
===Character Length===
Avail represents strings as a tuple of characters, with each character representing a single code point.
<syntaxhighlight lang="avail">|"møøse"|</syntaxhighlight>
===Byte Length===
A UTF-8 byte length can be acquired with the standard library's UTF-8 encoder.
<syntaxhighlight lang="avail">nonBMPString ::= "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢";
encoder ::= a UTF8 encoder;
bytes ::= encoder process nonBMPString;
|bytes|
// or, as a one-liner
|a UTF8 encoder process "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢"|</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|AWK}}==
===Byte Length===
From within any code block:
Ad hoc program from command line:
From executable script: (prints for every line arriving on stdin)
=={{header|Axe}}==
Axe supports two string encodings: a rough equivalent to ASCII, and a token-based format. These examples are for ASCII.
===Byte Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="axe">"HELLO, WORLD"→Str1
Disp length(Str1)▶Dec,i</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|BaCon}}==
BaCon has full native support for UTF-8 encoding.
<syntaxhighlight lang="qbasic">PRINT "Bytelen of 'hello': ", LEN("hello")
PRINT "Charlen of 'hello': ", ULEN("hello")
PRINT "Bytelen of 'møøse': ", LEN("møøse")
PRINT "Charlen of 'møøse': ", ULEN("møøse")
PRINT "Bytelen of '𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢': ", LEN("𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢")
PRINT "Charlen of '𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢': ", ULEN("𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢")</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>
Bytelen of 'hello': 5
Charlen of 'hello': 5
Bytelen of 'møøse': 7
Charlen of 'møøse': 5
Bytelen of '𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢': 28
Charlen of '𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢': 7
</pre>
=={{header|BASIC}}==
===Character Length===
{{works with|QBasic}}
{{works with|Liberty BASIC}}
{{works with|PowerBASIC|PB/CC, PB/DOS}}
BASIC only supports single-byte characters. The character "ø" is converted to "°" for printing to the console and length functions, but will still output to a file as "ø".
<syntaxhighlight lang="qbasic"> INPUT a$
PRINT LEN(a$)</syntaxhighlight>
==={{header|
The ANSI BASIC needs line numbers.
<syntaxhighlight lang="basic">
10 INPUT A$
20 PRINT LEN(A$)
</syntaxhighlight>
==={{header|Applesoft BASIC}}===
The [[#GW-BASIC|GW-BASIC]] solution works without any changes.
==={{header|BASIC256}}===
The [[#GW-BASIC|GW-BASIC]] solution works without any changes.
==={{header|Chipmunk Basic}}===
The [[#GW-BASIC|GW-BASIC]] solution works without any changes.
==={{header|MSX Basic}}===
{{works with|MSX BASIC|any}}
The [[#GW-BASIC|GW-BASIC]] solution works without any changes.>
==={{header|Quite BASIC}}===
The [[#GW-BASIC|GW-BASIC]] solution works without any changes.
==={{header|True BASIC}}===
The [[#GW-BASIC|GW-BASIC]] solution works without any changes.
==={{header|Yabasic}}===
The [[#GW-BASIC|GW-BASIC]] solution works without any changes.
==={{header|ZX Spectrum Basic}}===
The ZX Spectrum needs line numbers:
<syntaxhighlight lang="zxbasic">10 INPUT a$
20 PRINT LEN a$</syntaxhighlight>
However, it's not quite as trivial as this.
====Byte length====
Strings can contain embedded colour codes; an inline INVERSE (CAPS SHIFT + 4) would be represented as CHR$ 20 + CHR$ 1. The LEN function will account for all these bytes. On the flipside, ZX Spectrum keywords are all tokenised, and there's nothing stopping you using them in a string; " RANDOMIZE ", if the keyword is used, will take a single byte (CHR$ 249) rather than the 11 characters it actually uses. The above version of the code will produce byte length.
====Character length====
Stripping out all entries in the string with codes in the lower 32 will get rid of colour control codes. The character length of a token is not a simple thing to determine, so this version strips them out too by eliminating anything above CHR$ 164 (the last UDG). A 91-entry DATA list of token lengths might be the next step.
<syntaxhighlight lang="zxbasic">10 INPUT a$
20 LET b$=""
30 FOR x=1 TO LEN a$
40 LET k=CODE a$(x)
50 IF k<32 OR k>164 THEN GOTO 70
60 LET b$=b$+a$(k)
70 NEXT x
80 PRINT LEN b$</syntaxhighlight>
====Grapheme length====
Alternatively, the string might include control codes for backspacing and overwriting;
<syntaxhighlight lang="zxbasic">10 LET a$=CHR$ 111+CHR$ 8+CHR$ 21+CHR$ 1+CHR$ 34</syntaxhighlight>
will produce an "o" character overprinted with a quotation mark, resulting in a "passable" impression of an umlaut. The above code will reduce this to two characters when the actual printed length is one (byte length is of course five). The other possible workaround is to print the string and calculate the character length based on the resultant change in screen position. (This will only work for a string with a character length that actually fits on the screen, so below about 670.)
<syntaxhighlight lang="zxbasic">10 INPUT a$
20 CLS
30 PRINT a$;
40 LET x=PEEK 23688: LET y=PEEK 23689
50 PRINT CHR$ 13;33-x+32*(24-y)</syntaxhighlight>
==={{header|Commodore BASIC}}===
Commodore BASIC needs line numbers too, and can't use mixed case. When in mixed case mode, everything must be in lower case letters. However, the default is UPPERCASE + graphic characters; thus everything appears as UPPER case character.
<syntaxhighlight lang="basic">10 INPUT A$
20 PRINT LEN(A$)</syntaxhighlight>
==={{header|IS-BASIC}}===
<syntaxhighlight lang="is-basic">100 INPUT PROMPT "String: ":TX$
110 PRINT LEN(TX$)</syntaxhighlight>
==={{header|QB64}}===
In QB64 a String variable is assumed to be UTF-8 and thus the byte length is the same as character length. That said there are methods to map UTF-16 and UTF-32 to the CP437 (ASCII) table (see, _MAPUNICODE).
<syntaxhighlight lang="qb64">Print Len(s$)</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Batch File}}==
===Byte Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="dos">@echo off
setlocal enabledelayedexpansion
call :length %1 res
echo length of %1 is %res%
goto :eof
:length
set str=%~1
set cnt=0
:loop
if "%str%" equ "" (
set %2=%cnt%
goto :eof
)
set str=!str:~1!
set /a cnt = cnt + 1
goto loop</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|BBC BASIC}}==
===Character Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="bbcbasic"> INPUT text$
PRINT LEN(text$)</syntaxhighlight>
===Byte Length===
{{works with|BBC BASIC for Windows}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="bbcbasic"> CP_ACP = 0
CP_UTF8 = &FDE9
textA$ = "møøse"
textW$ = " "
textU$ = " "
SYS "MultiByteToWideChar", CP_ACP, 0, textA$, -1, !^textW$, LEN(textW$)/2 TO nW%
SYS "WideCharToMultiByte", CP_UTF8, 0, textW$, -1, !^textU$, LEN(textU$), 0, 0
PRINT "Length in bytes (ANSI encoding) = " ; LEN(textA$)
PRINT "Length in bytes (UTF-16 encoding) = " ; 2*(nW%-1)
PRINT "Length in bytes (UTF-8 encoding) = " ; LEN($$!^textU$)</syntaxhighlight>
Output:
<pre>Length in bytes (ANSI encoding) = 5
Length in bytes (UTF-16 encoding) = 10
Length in bytes (UTF-8 encoding) = 7</pre>
=={{header|BQN}}==
Strings are arrays of characters in BQN.
===Byte Length===
Each character is converted to its codepoint, and compared with the respective UTF boundary.
<syntaxhighlight lang="bqn">BLen ← {(≠𝕩)+´⥊𝕩≥⌜@+128‿2048‿65536}</syntaxhighlight>
===Character Length===
Character length is just array length.
<syntaxhighlight lang="bqn">Len ← ≠</syntaxhighlight>
'''Output'''
<syntaxhighlight lang="bqn">•Show >(⊢⋈⊸∾Len⋈BLen)¨⟨
"møøse"
"𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢"
"J̲o̲s̲é̲"
⟩</syntaxhighlight>
<syntaxhighlight lang="text">┌─
╵ "møøse" 5 7
"𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢" 7 28
"J̲o̲s̲é̲" 8 13
┘</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Bracmat}}==
The solutions work with UTF-8 encoded strings.
===Byte Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="bracmat">(ByteLength=
length
. @(!arg:? [?length)
& !length
);
out$ByteLength$𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢</syntaxhighlight>
Answer:
<pre>28</pre>
===Character Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="bracmat">(CharacterLength=
length c
. 0:?length
& @( !arg
: ?
( %?c
& utf$!c:?k
& 1+!length:?length
& ~
)
?
)
| !length
);
out$CharacterLength$𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢</syntaxhighlight>
Answer:
<pre>7</pre>
An improved version scans the input string character wise, not byte wise. Thus many string positions that are deemed not to be possible starting positions of UTF-8 are not even tried. The patterns <code>[!p</code> and <code>[?p</code> implement a ratchet mechanism. <code>[!p</code> indicates the start of a character and <code>[?p</code> remembers the end of the character, which becomes the start position of the next byte.
<syntaxhighlight lang="bracmat">(CharacterLength=
length c p
. 0:?length:?p
& @( !arg
: ?
( [!p %?c
& utf$!c:?k
& 1+!length:?length
)
([?p&~)
?
)
| !length
);</syntaxhighlight>
Later versions of Bracmat have the built in function <code>vap</code> that "vaporises" a string into "atoms". If the string is UTF-8 encoded, then each "atom" is one UTF-8 character, so the length of the list of atoms is the character length of the input string. The first argument to the <code>vap</code> function is a function that will be applied to every UTF-8 encoded character in the input string. The outcomes of these function calls are the elements in the resulting list. In the solution below we choose an anonymous function <code>(=.!arg)</code> that just returns the characters themselves.
<syntaxhighlight lang="bracmat">(CharacterLength=
length
. vap$((=.!arg).!arg):? [?length&!length
);</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Brainf***}}==
===Byte Length===
There are several limitations Brainf*** has that influence this solution:
*Brainf*** only supports 8-bit numbers in canonical implementations, so it only supports strings of length below 255.
*The rule of thumb in Brainf*** when reading a string is to always store exactly one byte, no matter how much bytes a character represents. That's why this solution is a strictly ByteLength one.
*No way to pass anything to Brainf*** but giving the arguments as input. That's why this program reads a string and outputs the number of bytes in it.
[[https://esolangs.org/wiki/Brainfuck_algorithms#Print_value_of_cell_x_as_number_for_ANY_sized_cell_.28eg_8bit dot 2C_100000bit_etc.29]] is used to print the number from memory.
<syntaxhighlight lang="bf">
,----- ----- [>,----- -----] ; read a text until a newline
<[+++++ +++++<] ; restore the original text
>[[-]<[>+<-]>+>]< ; add one to the accumulator cell for every byte read
;; from esolang dot org
>[-]>[-]+>[-]+< [>[-<-<<[->+>+<<]>[-<+>]>>]++++++++++>[-]+>[-]>[-]> [-]<<<<<[->-[>+>>]>[[-<+>]+>+>>]<<<<<]>>-[-<<+>>]<[-]++++++++ [-<++++++>]>>[-<<+>>]<<] <[.[-]<]
[-]+++++ +++++. ; print newline
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|C}}==
===Byte Length===
{{works with|ANSI C}}
{{works with|GCC|3.3.3}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="c">#include <string.h>
int main(void)
{
const char *string = "Hello, world!";
size_t length = strlen(string);
return 0;
}</syntaxhighlight>
or by hand:
<syntaxhighlight
}</syntaxhighlight>
or (for arrays of char only)
<syntaxhighlight
int main(void)
{
char s[] = "Hello, world!";
size_t length = sizeof s - 1;
return 0;
}</syntaxhighlight>
===Character Length===
For wide character strings (usually Unicode uniform-width encodings such as UCS-2 or UCS-4):
<syntaxhighlight
int main(void)
{
wchar_t *s = L"\x304A\x306F\x3088\x3046"; /* Japanese hiragana ohayou */
size_t length;
length = wcslen(s);
printf("Length in characters = %d\n", length);
printf("Length in bytes = %d\n", sizeof(s) * sizeof(wchar_t));
return 0;
}</syntaxhighlight>
===Dealing with raw multibyte string===
Following code is written in UTF-8, and environment locale is assumed to be UTF-8 too. Note that "møøse" is here directly written in the source code for clarity, which is not a good idea in general. <code>mbstowcs()</code>, when passed NULL as the first argument, effectively counts the number of chars in given string under current locale.
<syntaxhighlight lang="c">#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <locale.h>
int main()
{
setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
char moose[] = "møøse";
printf("bytes: %d\n", sizeof(moose) - 1);
printf("chars: %d\n", (int)mbstowcs(0, moose, 0));
return 0;
}</syntaxhighlight>output<pre>bytes: 7
chars: 5</pre>
=={{header|C sharp|C#}}==
'''Platform:''' [[.NET]]
{{works with|C sharp|C #|1.0+}}
===Character Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="csharp">string s = "Hello, world!";
int characterLength = s.Length;</syntaxhighlight>
===Byte Length===
Strings in .NET are stored in Unicode.
<syntaxhighlight lang="csharp">using System.Text;
string s = "Hello, world!";
int byteLength = Encoding.Unicode.GetByteCount(s);</syntaxhighlight>
To get the number of bytes that the string would require in a different encoding, e.g., UTF8:
<syntaxhighlight lang="csharp">int utf8ByteLength = Encoding.UTF8.GetByteCount(s);</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|C++}}==
===Byte Length===
{{works with|ISO C++}}
{{works with|g++|4.0.2}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">#include <string> // (not <string.h>!)
using std::string;
int main()
{
string s = "Hello, world!";
string::size_type length = s.length(); // option 1: In Characters/Bytes
string::size_type size = s.size(); // option 2: In Characters/Bytes
// In bytes same as above since sizeof(char) == 1
string::size_type bytes = s.length() * sizeof(string::value_type);
}</syntaxhighlight>
For wide character strings:
<syntaxhighlight
using std::wstring;
}</syntaxhighlight>
===Character Length===
{{works with|C++98}}
{{works with|g++|4.0.2}}
For wide character strings:
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">#include <string>
using std::wstring;
int main()
{
wstring s = L"\u304A\u306F\u3088\u3046";
wstring::size_type length = s.length();
}</syntaxhighlight>
For narrow character strings:
{{works with|C++11}}
{{works with|clang++|3.0}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">#include <iostream>
#include <codecvt>
int main()
{
std::string utf8 = "\x7a\xc3\x9f\xe6\xb0\xb4\xf0\x9d\x84\x8b"; // U+007a, U+00df, U+6c34, U+1d10b
std::cout << "Byte length: " << utf8.size() << '\n';
std::wstring_convert<std::codecvt_utf8<char32_t>, char32_t> conv;
std::cout << "Character length: " << conv.from_bytes(utf8).size() << '\n';
}</syntaxhighlight>
{{works with|C++98}}
{{works with|g++|4.1.2 20061115 (prerelease) (SUSE Linux)}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">#include <cwchar> // for mbstate_t
#include <locale>
// give the character length for a given named locale
std::size_t char_length(std::string const& text, char const* locale_name)
{
// then don't touch the original string any more, to avoid
// invalidating the data pointer
std::size_t len = text.length();
char const* input = text.data();
// get the named locale
std::locale loc(locale_name);
typedef std::codecvt<wchar_t, char, std::mbstate_t> cvt_type;
cvt_type const& cvt = std::use_facet<cvt_type>(loc);
// allocate buffer for conversion destination
std::size_t bufsize = cvt.max_length()*len;
wchar_t* destbuf = new wchar_t[bufsize];
wchar_t* dest_end;
// do the conversion
mbstate_t state = mbstate_t();
cvt.in(state, input, input+len, input, destbuf, destbuf+bufsize, dest_end);
// determine the length of the converted sequence
std::size_t length = dest_end - destbuf;
return length;
}</syntaxhighlight>
Example usage (note that the locale names are OS specific):
}</syntaxhighlight>
Note that the strings are given as explicit hex sequences, so that the encoding used for the source code won't matter.
=={{header|
===Byte Length===
Clean Strings are unboxed arrays of characters. Characters are always a single byte. The function size returns the number of elements in an array.
<syntaxhighlight lang="clean">import StdEnv
strlen :: String -> Int
strlen string = size string
Start = strlen "Hello, world!"</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Clojure}}==
===Byte Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="clojure">(def utf-8-octet-length #(-> % (.getBytes "UTF-8") count))
(map utf-8-octet-length ["møøse" "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢" "J\u0332o\u0332s\u0332e\u0301\u0332"]) ; (7 28 14)
(def utf-16-octet-length (comp (partial * 2) count))
(map utf-16-octet-length ["møøse" "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢" "J\u0332o\u0332s\u0332e\u0301\u0332"]) ; (10 28 18)
(def code-unit-length count)
(map code-unit-length ["møøse" "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢" "J\u0332o\u0332s\u0332e\u0301\u0332"]) ; (5 14 9)</syntaxhighlight>
===Character length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="clojure">(def character-length #(.codePointCount % 0 (count %)))
(map character-length ["møøse" "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢" "J\u0332o\u0332s\u0332e\u0301\u0332"]) ; (5 7 9)</syntaxhighlight>
===Grapheme Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="clojure">(def grapheme-length
#(->> (doto (java.text.BreakIterator/getCharacterInstance)
(.setText %))
(partial (memfn next))
repeatedly
(take-while (partial not= java.text.BreakIterator/DONE))
count))
(map grapheme-length ["møøse" "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢" "J\u0332o\u0332s\u0332e\u0301\u0332"]) ; (5 7 4)</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|COBOL}}==
===Byte Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="cobol">FUNCTION BYTE-LENGTH(str)</syntaxhighlight>
Alternative, non-standard extensions:
{{works with|GNU Cobol}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="cobol">LENGTH OF str</syntaxhighlight>
{{works with|GNU Cobol}}
{{works with|Visual COBOL}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="cobol">FUNCTION LENGTH-AN(str)</syntaxhighlight>
===Character Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="cobol">FUNCTION LENGTH(str)</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|ColdFusion}}==
===Byte Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="cfm">
<cfoutput>
<cfset str = "Hello World">
<cfset j = createObject("java","java.lang.String").init(str)>
<cfset t = j.getBytes()>
<p>#arrayLen(t)#</p>
</cfoutput>
</syntaxhighlight>
===Character Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="cfm">#len("Hello World")#</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Common Lisp}}==
===Byte Length===
In Common Lisp, there is no standard way to examine byte representations of characters, except perhaps to write a string to a file, then reopen the file as binary. However, specific implementations will have ways to do so. For example:
{{works with|SBCL}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="lisp">(length (sb-ext:string-to-octets "Hello Wørld"))</syntaxhighlight>
returns 12.
===Character Length===
Common Lisp represents strings as sequences of characters, not bytes, so there is no ambiguity about the encoding. The [http://www.lispworks.com/documentation/HyperSpec/Body/f_length.htm length] function always returns the number of characters in a string.
<syntaxhighlight
returns 11, and
<pre>(length "Hello Wørld")</pre>
returns 11 too.
=={{header|Component Pascal}}==
Component Pascal encodes strings in UTF-16, which represents each character with 16-bit value.
===Character Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="oberon2">
MODULE TestLen;
IMPORT Out;
PROCEDURE DoCharLength*;
VAR s: ARRAY 16 OF CHAR; len: INTEGER;
BEGIN
s := "møøse";
len := LEN(s$);
Out.String("s: "); Out.String(s); Out.Ln;
Out.String("Length of characters: "); Out.Int(len, 0); Out.Ln
END DoCharLength;
END TestLen.
</syntaxhighlight>
A symbol ''$'' in ''LEN(s$)'' in Component Pascal allows to copy sequence of characters up to null-terminated character. So, ''LEN(s$)'' returns a real length of characters instead of allocated by variable.
Running command ''TestLen.DoCharLength'' gives following output:
<pre>
s: møøse
Length of characters: 5
</pre>
===Byte Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="oberon2">
MODULE TestLen;
IMPORT Out;
PROCEDURE DoByteLength*;
VAR s: ARRAY 16 OF CHAR; len, v: INTEGER;
BEGIN
s := "møøse";
len := LEN(s$);
v := SIZE(CHAR) * len;
Out.String("s: "); Out.String(s); Out.Ln;
Out.String("Length of characters in bytes: "); Out.Int(v, 0); Out.Ln
END DoByteLength;
END TestLen.
</syntaxhighlight>
Running command ''TestLen.DoByteLength'' gives following output:
<pre>
s: møøse
Length of characters in bytes: 10
</pre>
=={{header|Crystal}}==
UTF8 is the default encoding in Crystal.
===Byte Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="crystal">"J̲o̲s̲é̲".bytesize</syntaxhighlight>
===Character Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="crystal">"J̲o̲s̲é̲".chars.length</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|D}}==
===Byte Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="d">import std.stdio;
void showByteLen(T)(T[] str) {
writefln("Byte length: %2d - %(%02x%)",
str.length * T.sizeof, cast(ubyte[])str);
}
void main() {
string s1a = "møøse"; // UTF-8
showByteLen(s1a);
wstring s1b = "møøse"; // UTF-16
showByteLen(s1b);
dstring s1c = "møøse"; // UTF-32
showByteLen(s1c);
writeln();
string s2a = "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢";
showByteLen(s2a);
wstring s2b = "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢";
showByteLen(s2b);
dstring s2c = "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢";
showByteLen(s2c);
writeln();
string s3a = "J̲o̲s̲é̲";
showByteLen(s3a);
wstring s3b = "J̲o̲s̲é̲";
showByteLen(s3b);
dstring s3c = "J̲o̲s̲é̲";
showByteLen(s3c);
}</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>Byte length: 7 - 6dc3b8c3b87365
Byte length: 10 - 6d00f800f80073006500
Byte length: 20 - 6d000000f8000000f80000007300000065000000
Byte length: 28 - f09d9498f09d94abf09d94a6f09d94a0f09d94acf09d94a1f09d94a2
Byte length: 28 - 35d818dd35d82bdd35d826dd35d820dd35d82cdd35d821dd35d822dd
Byte length: 28 - 18d501002bd5010026d5010020d501002cd5010021d5010022d50100
Byte length: 14 - 4accb26fccb273ccb265cc81ccb2
Byte length: 18 - 4a0032036f00320373003203650001033203
Byte length: 36 - 4a000000320300006f000000320300007300000032030000650000000103000032030000</pre>
===Character Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="d">import std.stdio, std.range, std.conv;
void showCodePointsLen(T)(T[] str) {
writefln("Character length: %2d - %(%x %)",
str.walkLength(), cast(uint[])to!(dchar[])(str));
}
void main() {
string s1a = "møøse"; // UTF-8
showCodePointsLen(s1a);
wstring s1b = "møøse"; // UTF-16
showCodePointsLen(s1b);
dstring s1c = "møøse"; // UTF-32
showCodePointsLen(s1c);
writeln();
string s2a = "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢";
showCodePointsLen(s2a);
wstring s2b = "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢";
showCodePointsLen(s2b);
dstring s2c = "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢";
showCodePointsLen(s2c);
writeln();
string s3a = "J̲o̲s̲é̲";
showCodePointsLen(s3a);
wstring s3b = "J̲o̲s̲é̲";
showCodePointsLen(s3b);
dstring s3c = "J̲o̲s̲é̲";
showCodePointsLen(s3c);
}</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>Character length: 5 - 6d f8 f8 73 65
Character length: 5 - 6d f8 f8 73 65
Character length: 5 - 6d f8 f8 73 65
Character length: 7 - 1d518 1d52b 1d526 1d520 1d52c 1d521 1d522
Character length: 7 - 1d518 1d52b 1d526 1d520 1d52c 1d521 1d522
Character length: 7 - 1d518 1d52b 1d526 1d520 1d52c 1d521 1d522
Character length: 9 - 4a 332 6f 332 73 332 65 301 332
Character length: 9 - 4a 332 6f 332 73 332 65 301 332
Character length: 9 - 4a 332 6f 332 73 332 65 301 332</pre>
=={{header|DataWeave}}==
===Character Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="dataweave">sizeOf("foo")</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>
3
</pre>
=={{header|Dc}}==
===Byte Length===
Dc's "P" command prints numbers as strings. The number 22405534230753963835153736737 (hint: look at it in hex) represents "Hello world!". Counting the byte length of it is counting how often it iteratively can be divided by 256 with non zero result. The snippet defines the macro which calculates the length, prints the string 1st and then its length.
<syntaxhighlight lang="dc">[256 / d 0<L 1 + ] sL
22405534230753963835153736737 d P A P
lL x f</syntaxhighlight>
<pre>
Hello world!
12
</pre>
===Character Length===
The following code output 5, which is the length of the string "abcde"
<syntaxhighlight lang="dc">[abcde]Zp</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Déjà Vu}}==
===Byte Length===
Byte length depends on the encoding, which internally is UTF-8, but users of the language can only get at the raw bytes after encoding a string into a blob.
<syntaxhighlight lang="dejavu">!. len !encode!utf-8 "møøse"
!. len !encode!utf-8 "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢"</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>
7
28</pre>
===Character Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="dejavu">!. len "møøse"
!. len "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢"</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>5
7</pre>
=={{header|Delphi}}==
See [https://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_length#Pascal Pascal].
=={{header|Dyalect}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="dyalect">"Hello World".Length()</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|E}}==
===Character Length===
=={{header|EasyLang}}==
===Character Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="easylang>
# 5
print len "møøse"
# 7
print len "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢"
# 8
print len "J̲o̲s̲é̲"
# 1
print len "😀"
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Ecstasy}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="ecstasy">
module StrLen {
@Inject Console console;
void run(String s = "José") {
console.print($|For the string {s.quoted()}:
| Character length: {s.size}
| UTF-8 byte length: {s.calcUtf8Length()}
);
}
}
</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>
For the string "José":
Character length: 4
UTF-8 byte length: 5
</pre>
=={{header|Elena}}==
===Character Length===
ELENA 4.x :
<syntaxhighlight lang="elena">import extensions;
public program()
{
var s := "Hello, world!"; // UTF-8 literal
var ws := "Привет мир!"w; // UTF-16 literal
var s_length := s.Length; // Number of UTF-8 characters
var ws_length := ws.Length; // Number of UTF-16 characters
var u_length := ws.toArray().Length; //Number of UTF-32 characters
}</syntaxhighlight>
===Byte Length===
ELENA 4.x :
<syntaxhighlight lang="elena">import extensions;
public program()
{
var s := "Hello, world!"; // UTF-8 literal
var ws := "Привет мир!"w; // UTF-16 literal
var s_byte_length := s.toByteArray().Length; // Number of bytes
var ws_byte_length := ws.toByteArray().Length; // Number of bytes
}</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Elixir}}==
===Byte Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="elixir">
name = "J\x{332}o\x{332}s\x{332}e\x{301}\x{332}"
byte_size(name)
# => 14
</syntaxhighlight>
===Character Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="elixir">
name = "J\x{332}o\x{332}s\x{332}e\x{301}\x{332}"
Enum.count(String.codepoints(name))
# => 9
</syntaxhighlight>
===Grapheme Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="elixir">
name = "J\x{332}o\x{332}s\x{332}e\x{301}\x{332}"
String.length(name)
# => 4
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Emacs Lisp}}==
===Character Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="lisp">(length "hello")
;; => 5</syntaxhighlight>
===Byte Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="lisp">(string-bytes "\u1D518\u1D52B\u1D526")
;; => 12</syntaxhighlight>
<code>string-bytes</code> is the length of Emacs' internal representation. In Emacs 23 up this is utf-8. In earlier versions it was "emacs-mule".
===Display Length===
<code>string-width</code> is the displayed width of a string in the current frame and window. This is not the same as grapheme length since various Asian characters may display in 2 columns, depending on the type of tty or GUI.
<syntaxhighlight lang="lisp">(let ((str (apply 'string
(mapcar (lambda (c) (decode-char 'ucs c))
'(#x1112 #x1161 #x11ab #x1100 #x1173 #x11af)))))
(list (length str)
(string-bytes str)
(string-width str)))
;; => (6 18 4) ;; in emacs 23 up</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|EMal}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="emal">
text moose = "møøse"
text unicode = "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢"
text jose = "J" + 0U0332 + "o" + 0U0332 + "s" + 0U0332 + "e" + 0U0301 + 0U0332
text emoji = "𠇰😈🎶🔥é-"
</syntaxhighlight>
===Byte Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="emal">
writeLine((blob!moose).length)
writeLine((blob!unicode).length)
writeLine((blob!jose).length)
writeLine((blob!emoji).length)
</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>
7
28
14
19
</pre>
===Character Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="emal">
writeLine(moose.codePointsLength)
writeLine(unicode.codePointsLength)
writeLine(jose.codePointsLength)
writeLine(emoji.codePointsLength)
</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>
5
7
9
6
</pre>
===Grapheme Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="emal">
writeLine(moose.graphemesLength)
writeLine(unicode.graphemesLength)
writeLine(jose.graphemesLength)
writeLine(emoji.graphemesLength)
</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>
5
7
4
6
</pre>
=={{header|Erlang}}==
===Character Length===
Strings are lists of integers in Erlang. So "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢" is the list [120088,120107,120102,120096,120108,120097,120098].
<pre>
9> U = "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢".
[120088,120107,120102,120096,120108,120097,120098]
10> erlang:length(U).
7
</pre>
=={{header|Euphoria}}==
===Character Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="euphoria">print(1,length("Hello World"))</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|F_Sharp|F#}}==
This is delegated to the standard .Net framework string and encoding functions.
===Byte Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="fsharp">open System.Text
let byte_length str = Encoding.UTF8.GetByteCount(str)</syntaxhighlight>
===Character Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="fsharp">"Hello, World".Length</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Factor}}==
===Byte Length===
Here are two words to compute the byte length of strings. The first one doesn't allocate new memory, the second one can easily be adapted to measure the byte length of encodings other than UTF8.
<syntaxhighlight lang="factor">: string-byte-length ( string -- n ) [ code-point-length ] map-sum ;
: string-byte-length-2 ( string -- n ) utf8 encode length ;</syntaxhighlight>
===Character Length===
<code>length</code> works on any sequece, of which strings are one. Strings are UTF8 encoded.
<syntaxhighlight lang="factor">length</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Fantom}}==
===Byte length===
A string can be converted into an instance of <code>Buf</code> to treat the string as a sequence of bytes according to a given charset: the default is UTF8, but 16-bit representations can also be used.
<syntaxhighlight lang="fantom">
fansh> c := "møøse"
møøse
fansh> c.toBuf.size // find the byte length of the string in default (UTF8) encoding
7
fansh> c.toBuf.toHex // display UTF8 representation
6dc3b8c3b87365
fansh> c.toBuf(Charset.utf16LE).size // byte length in UTF16 little-endian
10
fansh> c.toBuf(Charset.utf16LE).toHex // display as UTF16 little-endian
6d00f800f80073006500
fansh> c.toBuf(Charset.utf16BE).size // byte length in UTF16 big-endian
10
fansh> c.toBuf(Charset.utf16BE).toHex // display as UTF16 big-endian
006d00f800f800730065
</syntaxhighlight>
===Character length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="fantom">
fansh> c := "møøse"
møøse
fansh> c.size
5
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Forth}}==
{{works with|ANS Forth}}
===Byte Length===
Strings in Forth come in two forms, neither of which are the null-terminated form commonly used in the C standard library.
Line 293 ⟶ 1,509:
A counted string is a single pointer to a short string in memory. The string's first byte is the count of the number of characters in the string. This is how symbols are stored in a Forth dictionary.
<syntaxhighlight
s COUNT ( addr len ) \ convert to a stack string, described below</syntaxhighlight>
'''Stack string'''
Line 300 ⟶ 1,517:
A string on the stack is represented by a pair of cells: the address of the string data and the length of the string data (in characters). The word '''COUNT''' converts a counted string into a stack string. The STRING utility wordset of ANS Forth works on these addr-len pairs. This representation has the advantages of not requiring null-termination, easy representation of substrings, and not being limited to 255 characters.
===Character Length===
The 1994 ANS standard does not have any notion of a particular character encoding, although it distinguishes between character and machine-word addresses. (There is some ongoing work on standardizing an "XCHAR" wordset for dealing with strings in particular encodings such as UTF-8.)
The following code will count the number of UTF-8 characters in a null-terminated string. It relies on the fact that all bytes of a UTF-8 character except the first have the the binary bit pattern "10xxxxxx".
=={{header|Fortran}}==
Fortran 77 introduced variables of type CHARACTER and associated syntax. These are fixed-size entities, declared at compile time as in <code>CHARACTER*66 TEXT</code>, however a subroutine (or function) receiving such a variable could declare it as <code>CHARACTER*(*) TEXT</code> so that any size may be supplied to the routine, and with F90 came the ability within subroutines (or functions) to declare items of a size determined at run time. There is no associated length variable, as with strings that have both a content ''and'' a length, nor is there a special character value (such as zero) deemed to mark the end-of-text in such a variable to give string-like facilities. However, with F90 came facilities, standardised in F2003 whereby a CHARACTER variable could be re-allocated exactly the right amount of storage whenever it was assigned to. So, <code>TEXT = "this"</code> would cause TEXT to become a CHARACTER variable of length four, adjusted so at run time. Again, the length information is not associated with the variable itself, for instance as the content of a character zero prefixing the content to enable strings of a length up to 255. The length information must be stored somewhere...
Previously, character data would be stored in arithmetic variables, using format codes such as <code>A1</code> to store one character per variable, which might be an integer or a floating-point variable of much larger size. Format <code>A2</code> would store two such characters, and so on. Code A1 would give ease of manipulation, while A8 (say for a REAL*8 variable) would save space. Numerical values would be strange, and word sizes may not be a multiple of eight bits nor character encodements require eight bits, especially on a decimal computer such as the IBM1620 where storage usage was counted in digits, and a character required two.
An intrinsic function LEN(text) reports the number of characters in the variable (with no consideration of any storage needed anywhere to hold the length), while SIZE(array) reports the number of elements in an array and SIZEOF(''x'') may be available to report the number of bytes of storage of ''x''. Since these days, everyone uses computers with eight-bit characters and this is deemed universal, the result from LEN will be equivalent to both a byte and a character count.
There is no facility for fancy Unicode schemes, other than by writing suitable routines. In that regard, plotting packages often supply a special function that returns the length of a text string, ''as it would appear on the plot, in plotting units'', especially useful when the plotter's rendition of text employs a proportionally-spaced typeface and interprets superscripts and subscripts and so forth, so that the programmer can prepare code to juggle with the layout, perhaps of mathematical expressions. This is of course not in any standard.
===Byte Length===
LEN(text)
===Character Length===
LEN(text)
=={{header|FreeBASIC}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="freebasic">' FB 1.05.0 Win64
Dim s As String = "moose" '' variable length ascii string
Dim f As String * 5 = "moose" '' fixed length ascii string (in practice a zero byte is appended)
Dim z As ZString * 6 = "moose" '' fixed length zero terminated ascii string
Dim w As WString * 6 = "møøse" '' fixed length zero terminated unicode string
' Variable length strings have a descriptor consisting of 3 Integers (12 bytes on 32 bit, 24 bytes on 64 bit systems)
' In order, the descriptor contains the address of the data, the memory currently used and the memory allocated
' In Windows, WString uses UCS-2 encoding (i.e. 2 bytes per character, surrogates are not supported)
' In Linux, WString uses UCS-4 encoding (i.e. 4 bytes per character)
' The Len function always returns the length of the string in characters
' The SizeOf function returns the bytes used (by the descriptor in the case of variable length strings)
Print "s : " ; s, "Character Length : "; Len(s), "Byte Length : "; Len(s); " (data)"
Print "s : " ; s, "Character Length : "; Len(s), "Byte Length : "; SizeOf(s); " (descriptor)"
Print "f : " ; f, "Character Length : "; Len(s), "Byte Length : "; SizeOf(f)
Print "z : " ; z, "Character Length : "; Len(s), "Byte Length : "; SizeOf(z)
Print "w : " ; w, "Character Length : "; Len(s), "Byte Length : "; SizeOf(w)
Print
Sleep</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>
s : moose Character Length : 5 Byte Length : 5 (data)
s : moose Character Length : 5 Byte Length : 24 (descriptor)
f : moose Character Length : 5 Byte Length : 6
z : moose Character Length : 5 Byte Length : 6
w : møøse Character Length : 5 Byte Length : 12
</pre>
=={{header|Frink}}==
===Byte Length===
A string can be converted to an array of bytes in any supported encoding.
<syntaxhighlight lang="frink">
b = "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢"
length[stringToBytes[b, "UTF-8"]]
</syntaxhighlight>
===Character Length===
Frink's string operations correctly handle upper-plane Unicode characters as a single codepoint.
<syntaxhighlight lang="frink">
b = "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢"
length[b]
</syntaxhighlight>
===Grapheme Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="frink">
b = "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢"
graphemeLength[b]
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|GAP}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="gap">Length("abc");
# or same result with
Size("abc");</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Gnuplot}}==
===Byte Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="gnuplot">print strlen("hello")
=> 5</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Go}}==
====Byte Length====
<syntaxhighlight lang="go">package main
import "fmt"
func main() {
m := "møøse"
u := "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢"
j := "J̲o̲s̲é̲"
fmt.Printf("%d %s % x\n", len(m), m, m)
fmt.Printf("%d %s % x\n", len(u), u, u)
fmt.Printf("%d %s % x\n", len(j), j, j)
}</syntaxhighlight>
Output:
<pre>
7 møøse 6d c3 b8 c3 b8 73 65
28 𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢 f0 9d 94 98 f0 9d 94 ab f0 9d 94 a6 f0 9d 94 a0 f0 9d 94 ac f0 9d 94 a1 f0 9d 94 a2
13 J̲o̲s̲é̲ 4a cc b2 6f cc b2 73 cc b2 c3 a9 cc b2
</pre>
====Character Length====
<syntaxhighlight lang="go">package main
import (
"fmt"
"unicode/utf8"
)
func main() {
m := "møøse"
u := "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢"
j := "J̲o̲s̲é̲"
fmt.Printf("%d %s %x\n", utf8.RuneCountInString(m), m, []rune(m))
fmt.Printf("%d %s %x\n", utf8.RuneCountInString(u), u, []rune(u))
fmt.Printf("%d %s %x\n", utf8.RuneCountInString(j), j, []rune(j))
}</syntaxhighlight>
Output:
<pre>
5 møøse [6d f8 f8 73 65]
7 𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢 [1d518 1d52b 1d526 1d520 1d52c 1d521 1d522]
9 J̲o̲s̲é̲ [4a 332 6f 332 73 332 65 301 332]
</pre>
===Grapheme Length===
Go does not have language or library features to recognize graphemes directly. For example, it does not provide functions implementing [http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr29/ Unicode Standard Annex #29, Unicode Text Segmentation]. It does however have convenient functions for recognizing Unicode character categories, and so an expected subset of grapheme possibilites is easy to recognize. Here is a solution recognizing the category "Mn", which includes the combining characters used in the task example.
<syntaxhighlight lang="go">package main
import (
"fmt"
"unicode"
"unicode/utf8"
)
func main() {
m := "møøse"
u := "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢"
j := "J̲o̲s̲é̲"
fmt.Printf("%d %s %x\n", grLen(m), m, []rune(m))
fmt.Printf("%d %s %x\n", grLen(u), u, []rune(u))
fmt.Printf("%d %s %x\n", grLen(j), j, []rune(j))
}
func grLen(s string) int {
if len(s) == 0 {
return 0
}
gr := 1
_, s1 := utf8.DecodeRuneInString(s)
for _, r := range s[s1:] {
if !unicode.Is(unicode.Mn, r) {
gr++
}
}
return gr
}</syntaxhighlight>
Output:
<pre>
5 møøse [6d f8 f8 73 65]
7 𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢 [1d518 1d52b 1d526 1d520 1d52c 1d521 1d522]
4 J̲o̲s̲é̲ [4a 332 6f 332 73 332 65 301 332]
</pre>
=={{header|Groovy}}==
Calculating "Byte-length" (by which one typically means "in-memory storage size in bytes") is not possible through the facilities of the Groovy language alone. Calculating "Character length" is built into the Groovy extensions to java.lang.String.
===Character Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="groovy">
println "Hello World!".size()
println "møøse".size()
println "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢".size()
println "J̲o̲s̲é̲".size()
</syntaxhighlight>
Output:
<pre>
12
5
14
8
</pre>
Note: The Java "String.length()" method also works in Groovy, but "size()" is consistent with usage in other sequential or composite types.
=={{header|GW-BASIC}}==
GW-BASIC only supports single-byte characters.
<syntaxhighlight lang="qbasic">10 INPUT A$
20 PRINT LEN(A$)</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Haskell}}==
Line 337 ⟶ 1,739:
There are several (non-standard, so far) Unicode encoding libraries available on [http://hackage.haskell.org/ Hackage]. As an example, we'll use [http://hackage.haskell.org/packages/archive/encoding/0.2/doc/html/Data-Encoding.html encoding-0.2], as ''Data.Encoding'':
strUTF8 :: ByteString
strUTF8 = encode UTF8 "Hello World!"
strUTF32 :: ByteString
strUTF32 = encode UTF32 "Hello World!"
strlenUTF8 = B.length strUTF8
strlenUTF32 = B.length strUTF32</syntaxhighlight>
===Character Length===
{{works with|GHC|GHCi|6.6}}
{{works with|Hugs}}
The base type ''Char'' defined by the standard is already intended for (plain) Unicode characters.
=={{header|HicEst}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="hicest">LEN("1 character == 1 byte") ! 21</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|HolyC}}==
===Byte Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="holyc">U8 *string = "Hello, world!";
Print("%d\n", StrLen(string));
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Icon}} and {{header|Unicon}}==
==== Character Length ====
<syntaxhighlight lang="icon"> length := *s</syntaxhighlight>
Note: Neither Icon nor Unicon currently supports double-byte character sets.
=={{header|IDL}}==
Line 362 ⟶ 1,777:
'''Compiler:''' any IDL compiler should do
<syntaxhighlight
===Character Length===
{{needs-review|IDL}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="idl">length = strlen("Hello, world!")</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Io}}==
===Byte Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="io">"møøse" sizeInBytes</syntaxhighlight>
===Character Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="io">"møøse" size</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|J}}==
===Byte Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="j"> # 'møøse'
7</syntaxhighlight>
Here we use the default encoding for character literals (8 bit wide literals).
===Character Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="j"> #7 u: 'møøse'
5</syntaxhighlight>
Here we have used 16 bit wide character literals. See also the dictionary page for [http://www.jsoftware.com/help/dictionary/duco.htm u:].
=={{header|Jakt}}==
===Character Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="jakt">
fn character_length(string: String) -> i64 {
mut length = 0
for _ in string.code_points() {
length++
}
return length
}
fn main() {
for string in [
"Hello world!"
"møøse"
"𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢"
"J̲o̲s̲é̲"
] {
println("\"{}\" {}", string, character_length(string))
}
}
</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>
"Hello world!" 12
"møøse" 5
"𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢" 7
"J̲o̲s̲é̲" 8
</pre>
===Byte Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="jakt">
fn main() {
for string in [
"Hello world!"
"møøse"
"𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢"
"J̲o̲s̲é̲"
] {
println("\"{}\" {}", string, string.length())
}
}
</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>
"Hello world!" 12
"møøse" 7
"𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢" 28
"J̲o̲s̲é̲" 13
</pre>
=={{header|Java}}==
===Byte Length===
Java encodes strings in UTF-16, which represents each character with one or two 16-bit values
Another way to know the byte length of a string -who cares- is to explicitly specify the charset we desire.
<syntaxhighlight lang="java5">String s = "Hello, world!";
int byteCountUTF16 = s.getBytes("UTF-16").length; // Incorrect: it yields 28 (that is with the BOM)
int byteCountUTF16LE = s.getBytes("UTF-16LE").length; // Correct: it yields 26
int byteCountUTF8 = s.getBytes("UTF-8").length; // yields 13 </syntaxhighlight>
===Character Length===
Java encodes strings in UTF-16, which represents each character (''code point'') with one or two 16-bit
The length method of String objects is not the length of that String in characters. Instead, it only gives the number of 16-bit
int not_really_the_length = s.length(); // XXX: does not (always) count Unicode characters (code points)! </syntaxhighlight>
Since Java 1.5, the actual number of characters (code points) can be determined by calling the codePointCount method.
===Grapheme Length===
Since JDK 20<ref>https://bugs.openjdk.org/browse/JDK-8291660</ref>.
<syntaxhighlight lang="java">import java.text.BreakIterator;
public class Grapheme {
public static void main(String[] args) {
printLength("møøse");
printLength("𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢");
printLength("J̲o̲s̲é̲");
}
public static void printLength(String s) {
BreakIterator it = BreakIterator.getCharacterInstance();
it.setText(s);
int count = 0;
while (it.next() != BreakIterator.DONE) {
count++;
}
System.out.println("Grapheme length: " + count+ " " + s);
}
}</syntaxhighlight>
Output:
<pre>
Grapheme length: 5 møøse
Grapheme length: 7 𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢
Grapheme length: 4 J̲o̲s̲é̲
</pre>
=={{header|JavaScript}}==
===Byte length===
JavaScript encodes strings in UTF-16, which represents each character with one or two 16-bit values. The length property of string objects gives the number of 16-bit values used to encode a string, so the number of bytes can be determined by doubling that number.
<syntaxhighlight lang="javascript">
var byteCount = s.length * 2; // 26
</syntaxhighlight>
It's easier to use Buffer.byteLength (Node.JS specific, not ECMAScript).
<syntaxhighlight lang="javascript">
a = '👩❤️👩'
Buffer.byteLength(a, 'utf16le'); // 16
Buffer.byteLength(a, 'utf8'); // 20
Buffer.byteLength(s, 'utf16le'); // 26
Buffer.byteLength(s, 'utf8'); // 13
</syntaxhighlight>
In pure ECMAScript, TextEncoder() can be used to return the UTF-8 byte size:
<syntaxhighlight lang="javascript">
(new TextEncoder().encode(a)).length; // 20
(new TextEncoder().encode(s)).length; // 13
</syntaxhighlight>
=== Unicode codepoint length ===
JavaScript encodes strings in UTF-16, which represents each character with one or two 16-bit values. The most commonly used characters are represented by one 16-bit value, while rarer ones like some mathematical symbols are represented by two.
<syntaxhighlight lang="javascript">
var str1 = "Hello, world!";
var len1 = str1.length; // 13
var str2 = "\uD834\uDD2A"; // U+1D12A represented by a UTF-16 surrogate pair
var len2 = str2.length; // 2
</syntaxhighlight>
More generally, the expansion operator in an array can be used to enumerate Unicode code points:
<syntaxhighlight lang="javascript">
[...str2].length // 1
</syntaxhighlight>
=== Unicode grapheme length ===
Counting Unicode codepoints when using combining characters such as joining sequences or diacritics will return the wrong size, so we must count graphemes instead. Intl.Segmenter() default granularity is grapheme.
<syntaxhighlight lang="javascript">
[...new Intl.Segmenter().segment(a)].length; // 1
</syntaxhighlight>
===ES6 destructuring/iterators===
ES6 provides several ways to get a string split into an array of code points instead of UTF-16 code units:
<syntaxhighlight lang="javascript">let
str='AöЖ€𝄞'
,countofcodeunits=str.length // 6
,cparr=[...str],
,countofcodepoints=cparr.length; // 5
{ let
count=0
for(let codepoint of str)
count++
countofcodepoints=count // 5
}
{ let
count=0,
it=str[Symbol.iterator]()
while(!it.next().done)
count++
countofcodepoints=count // 5
}
{ cparr=Array.from(str)
countofcodepoints=cparr.length // 5
}
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Joy}}==
;Byte length
<syntaxhighlight lang="joy">"Café" size.</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>5</pre>
=={{header|jq}}==
jq strings are JSON strings and are therefore encoded as UTF-8. When given a JSON string, the <tt>length</tt> filter emits the number of Unicode codepoints that it contains:
<syntaxhighlight lang="jq">$ cat String_length.jq
def describe:
"length of \(.) is \(length)";
("J̲o̲s̲é̲", "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢") | describe</syntaxhighlight><syntaxhighlight lang="sh">
$ jq -n -f String_length.jq
"length of J̲o̲s̲é̲ is 8"
"length of 𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢 is 7"</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|JudoScript}}==
===Byte Length===
{{needs-review|JudoScript}}
<syntaxhighlight
===Character Length===
{{needs-review| JudoScript}}
<syntaxhighlight
=={{header|Julia}}==
Julia encodes strings as UTF-8, so the byte length (via <code>sizeof</code>) will be different from the string length (via <code>length</code>) only if the string contains non-ASCII characters.
===Byte Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="julia">
sizeof("møøse") # 7
sizeof("𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢") # 28
sizeof("J̲o̲s̲é̲") # 13
</syntaxhighlight>
===Character Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="julia">
length("møøse") # 5
length("𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢") # 7
length("J̲o̲s̲é̲") # 8
</syntaxhighlight>
===Grapheme Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="julia">
import Unicode
length(Unicode.graphemes("møøse")) # 5
length(Unicode.graphemes("𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢")) # 7
length(Unicode.graphemes("J̲o̲s̲é̲")) # 4
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|K}}==
===Character Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="k">
#"Hello, world!"
13
#"Hëllo, world!"
13
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Kotlin}}==
As in Java, a string in Kotlin is essentially a sequence of UTF-16 encoded characters and the 'length' property simply returns the number of such characters in the string. Surrogates or graphemes are not treated specially for this purpose - they are just represented by the appropriate number of UTF-16 characters.
As each UTF-16 character occupies 2 bytes, it follows that the number of bytes occupied by the string will be twice the length:
<syntaxhighlight lang="kotlin">
fun main() {
val s = "José"
println("The char length is ${s.length}")
println("The byte length is ${Char.SIZE_BYTES * s.length}")
}</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>
The char length is 4
The byte length is 8
</pre>
=={{header|LabVIEW}}==
===Byte Length===
LabVIEW is using a special variant of UTF-8, so byte length == character length.
===Character Length===
[[File:LV strlen.png]]
=={{header|Lambdatalk}}==
The lambdatalk {W.length string} function returns the number of bytes in a string. For Unicode characters made of two bytes things are a little bit more tricky. It's easy to add (inline) a new javascript primitive to the dictionary:
<syntaxhighlight lang="scheme">
{script
LAMBDATALK.DICT["W.unicodeLength"] = function() {
function countCodePoints(str) {
var point,
index,
width = 0,
len = 0;
for (index = 0; index < str.length;) {
point = str.codePointAt(index);
width = 0;
while (point) {
width += 1;
point = point >> 8;
}
index += Math.round(width/2);
len += 1;
}
return len;
}
var args = arguments[0].trim();
return countCodePoints(args)
};
}
Testing:
{W.length Hello, World!} -> 13
{W.length José} -> 4
{W.unicodeLength José} -> 4
{W.length 𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢} -> 14
{W.unicodeLength 𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢} -> 7
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Lasso}}==
===Character Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="lasso">'Hello, world!'->size // 13
'møøse'->size // 5
'𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢'->size // 7</syntaxhighlight>
===Byte Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="lasso">'Hello, world!'->asBytes->size // 13
'møøse'->asBytes->size // 7
'𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢'->asBytes->size // 28</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|LFE}}==
=== Character Length ===
<syntaxhighlight lang="lisp">
(length "ASCII text")
10
(length "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢 𝔗𝔢𝒙𝔱")
12
> (set encoded (binary ("𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢 𝔗𝔢𝒙𝔱" utf8)))
#B(240 157 148 152 240 157 148 171 240 157 ...)
> (length (unicode:characters_to_list encoded 'utf8))
12
</syntaxhighlight>
=== Byte Length ===
<syntaxhighlight lang="lisp">
> (set encoded (binary ("𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢 𝔗𝔢𝒙𝔱" utf8)))
#B(240 157 148 152 240 157 148 171 240 157 ...)
> (byte_size encoded)
45
> (set bytes (binary ("𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢 𝔗𝔢𝒙𝔱")))
#B(24 43 38 32 44 33 34 32 23 34 153 49)
> (byte_size bytes)
12
> (set encoded (binary ("ASCII text" utf8)))
#B(65 83 67 73 73 32 116 101 120 116)
> (byte_size encoded)
10
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Liberty BASIC}}==
See BASIC
=={{header|Lingo}}==
===Character Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="lingo">utf8Str = "Hello world äöü"
put utf8Str.length
-- 15</syntaxhighlight>
===Byte Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="lingo">utf8Str = "Hello world äöü"
put bytearray(utf8Str).length
-- 18</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|LiveCode}}==
LiveCode fully supports Unicode characters since version 7
ASCII only older Xtalk environments such as Apple's HyperCard did not natively support unicode characters, although being extensible with externals, could possibly have add-on support.
===Character Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="livecode ">put the length of "Hello World" </syntaxhighlight>
or
<syntaxhighlight lang="livecode ">put the number of characters in "Hello World" -- 'chars' short for characters is also valid</syntaxhighlight>
or
<syntaxhighlight lang="livecode ">put length("Hello World")</syntaxhighlight>
for Unicode character count use the code units keyword
<syntaxhighlight lang="livecode ">put the number of codeunits of "Hello World" -- count of unicode characters </syntaxhighlight>
===Byte Length===
Use the 'byte' keyword in LiveCode for an accurate unicode char byte count
<syntaxhighlight lang="livecode">put the number of bytes in "Hello World" </syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Logo}}==
Logo is so old that only ASCII encoding is supported. Modern versions of Logo may have enhanced character set support.
<syntaxhighlight lang="logo">print count "|Hello World| ; 11
print count "møøse ; 5
print char 248 ; ø - implies ISO-Latin character set</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|LSE64}}==
===Byte Length===
LSE stores strings as arrays of characters in 64-bit cells plus a count.
===Character Length===
LSE uses counted strings: arrays of characters, where the first cell contains the number of characters in the string.
=={{header|Lua}}==
{{works with|Lua|5.0+}}
In Lua, a character is always the size of one byte so there is no difference between byte length and character length.
===Byte Length===
Byte length in UTF-8:
<syntaxhighlight lang="lua">str = "Hello world"
length = #str</syntaxhighlight>
or
<syntaxhighlight lang="lua">str = "Hello world"
length = string.len(str)</syntaxhighlight>
===Character Length===
Only valid for ASCII:
<syntaxhighlight lang="lua">str = "Hello world"
length = #str</syntaxhighlight>
or
<syntaxhighlight lang="lua">str = "Hello world"
length = string.len(str)</syntaxhighlight>
For Unicode string, use utf8 module:
<syntaxhighlight lang="lua">
utf8.len("møøse")
utf8.len("𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢")
utf8.len("J̲o̲s̲é̲")
</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>
5
7
8
</pre>
=={{header|M2000 Interpreter}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="m2000 interpreter">
module String_length {
A$=format$("J\u0332o\u0332s\u0332e\u0301\u0332")
Print Len(A$) = 9 ' true Utf-16LE
Print Len.Disp(A$) = 4 \\ display length
Buffer Clear Mem as Byte*100
\\ Write at memory at offset 0 or address Mem(0)
Return Mem, 0:=A$
Print Eval$(Mem, 0, 18)
For i=0 to 17 step 2
\\ print hex value and character
Hex Eval(Mem, i as integer), ChrCode$(Eval(Mem, i as integer))
Next i
Document B$=A$
\\ encode to utf-8 with BOM (3 bytes 0xEF,0xBB,0xBF)
Save.Doc B$, "Checklen.doc", 2
Print Filelen("Checklen.doc")=17
\\ So length is 14 bytes + 3 the BOM
Mem=Buffer("Checklen.doc")
Print len(Mem)=17 // len works for buffers too - unit byte
// version 12 can handle strings without suffix $
C=eval$(mem, 3, 14) // from 4th byte get 14 bytes in a string
Print len(C)*2=14 ' bytes // len()) for strings return double type of words (can return 0.5)
C=string$(C as utf8dec) ' decode bytes from utf8 to utf16LE
Print len(C)=9, C=A$, Len.Disp(C)=4
Print C
Report 2, C // proportional print on console - for text center justified rendering (2 - center)
}
String_length
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Maple}}==
=== Character length ===
<syntaxhighlight lang="maple">length("Hello world");</syntaxhighlight>
=== Byte count ===
<syntaxhighlight lang="maple">nops(convert("Hello world",bytes));</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Mathematica}}/{{header|Wolfram Language}}==
=== Character length ===
<syntaxhighlight lang="mathematica">StringLength["Hello world"]</syntaxhighlight>
=== Byte length ===
<syntaxhighlight lang="mathematica">StringByteCount["Hello world"]</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|MATLAB}}==
===Character Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="matlab">>> length('møøse')
ans =
5</syntaxhighlight>
===Byte Length===
MATLAB apparently encodes strings using UTF-16.
<syntaxhighlight lang="matlab">>> numel(dec2hex('møøse'))
ans =
10</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Maxima}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">s: "the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog";
slength(s);
/* 43 */</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|MAXScript}}==
===Character Length===
=={{header|Mercury}}==
Mercury's C and Erlang backends use UTF-8 encoded strings; the Java and C# backends using the
underlying UTF-16 encoding of those languages. The function <tt>string.length/1</tt> returns
the number of code units in a string in target language encoding. The function
<tt>string.count_utf8_code_units/1</tt> returns the number of UTF-8 code units in a string
regardless of the target language.
===Byte Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="mercury">:- module string_byte_length.
:- interface.
:- import_module io.
:- pred main(io::di, io::uo) is det.
:- implementation.
:- import_module list, string.
main(!IO) :-
Words = ["møøse", "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢", "J\x332\o\x332\s\x332\e\x301\\x332\"],
io.write_list(Words, "", write_length, !IO).
:- pred write_length(string::in, io::di, io::uo) is det.
write_length(String, !IO):-
NumBytes = count_utf8_code_units(String),
io.format("%s: %d bytes\n", [s(String), i(NumBytes)], !IO).</syntaxhighlight>
Output:
<pre>
møøse: 7 bytes
𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢: 28 bytes
J̲o̲s̲é̲: 14 bytes
</pre>
===Character Length===
The function <tt>string.count_codepoints/1</tt> returns the number of code points in a string.
<syntaxhighlight lang="mercury">:- module string_character_length.
:- interface.
:- import_module io.
:- pred main(io::di, io::uo) is det.
:- implementation.
:- import_module list, string.
main(!IO) :-
Words = ["møøse", "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢", "J\x332\o\x332\s\x332\e\x301\\x332\"],
io.write_list(Words, "", write_length, !IO).
:- pred write_length(string::in, io::di, io::uo) is det.
write_length(String, !IO) :-
NumChars = count_codepoints(String),
io.format("%s: %d characters\n", [s(String), i(NumChars)], !IO).</syntaxhighlight>
Output:
<pre>
møøse: 5 characters
𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢: 7 characters
J̲o̲s̲é̲: 9 characters
</pre>
=={{header|Metafont}}==
Metafont has no way of handling properly encodings different from ASCII. So it is able to count only the number of bytes in a string.
<syntaxhighlight lang="metafont">string s;
s := "Hello Moose";
show length(s); % 11 (ok)
s := "Hello Møøse";
show length(s); % 13 (number of bytes when the string is UTF-8 encoded,
% since ø takes two bytes)</syntaxhighlight>
'''Note''': in the lang tag, Møøse is Latin1-reencoded, showing up two bytes (as Latin1) instead of one
=={{header|MIPS Assembly}}==
This only supports ASCII encoding, so it'll return both byte length and char length.
<syntaxhighlight lang="mips">
.data
#.asciiz automatically adds the NULL terminator character, \0 for us.
string: .asciiz "Nice string you got there!"
.text
main:
la $a1,string #load the beginning address of the string.
loop:
lb $a2,($a1) #load byte (i.e. the char) at $a1 into $a2
addi $a1,$a1,1 #increment $a1
beqz $a2,exit_procedure #see if we've hit the NULL char yet
addi $a0,$a0,1 #increment counter
j loop #back to start
exit_procedure:
li $v0,1 #set syscall to print integer
syscall
li $v0,10 #set syscall to cleanly exit EXIT_SUCCESS
syscall
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|mIRC Scripting Language}}==
===Byte Length===
{{needs-review|mIRC Scripting Language}}
===Character Length===
{{needs-review|mIRC Scripting Language}}
''$utfdecode()'' converts an UTF-8 string to the locale encoding, with unrepresentable characters as question marks. Since mIRC is not yet fully Unicode aware, entering Unicode text trough a dialog box will automatically convert it to ASCII.
<syntaxhighlight lang="mirc">alias utf8len { return $len($utfdecode($1)) }
alias stringlength2 {
var %name = Børje
echo -a %name is: $utf8len(%name) characters long!
}</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Modula-3}}==
===Byte Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="modula3">MODULE ByteLength EXPORTS Main;
IMPORT IO, Fmt, Text;
VAR s: TEXT := "Foo bar baz";
BEGIN
IO.Put("Byte length of s: " & Fmt.Int((Text.Length(s) * BYTESIZE(s))) & "\n");
END ByteLength.</syntaxhighlight>
===Character Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="modula3">MODULE StringLength EXPORTS Main;
IMPORT IO, Fmt, Text;
VAR s: TEXT := "Foo bar baz";
BEGIN
IO.Put("String length of s: " & Fmt.Int(Text.Length(s)) & "\n");
END StringLength.</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Nemerle}}==
Both examples rely on .Net faculties, so they're almost identical to C#
===Character Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="nemerle">def message = "How long am I anyways?";
def charlength = message.Length;</syntaxhighlight>
===Byte Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="nemerle">using System.Text;
def message = "How long am I anyways?";
def bytelength = Encoding.Unicode.GetByteCount(message);</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|NewLISP}}==
===Character Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="newlisp">(set 'Str "møøse")
(println Str " is " (length Str) " characters long")</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Nim}}==
===Byte Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="nim">
echo "møøse".len # 7
echo "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢".len # 28
echo "J̲o̲s̲é̲".len # 13
</syntaxhighlight>
===Character Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="nim">
import unicode
echo "møøse".runeLen # 5
echo "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢".runeLen # 7
echo "J̲o̲s̲é̲".runeLen # 8
</syntaxhighlight>
===Grapheme Length===
[https://nim-lang.org/docs/unicode.html#graphemeLen%2Cstring%2CNatural graphemeLen()] does not do what you expect. It doesn't return the number of grapheme in a string but returns the number of bytes at a character/codepoint index for a given string.
=={{header|Oberon-2}}==
===Byte Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="oberon2">MODULE Size;
IMPORT Out;
VAR s: LONGINT;
string: ARRAY 5 OF CHAR;
BEGIN
string := "Foo";
s := LEN(string);
Out.String("Size: ");
Out.LongInt(s,0);
Out.Ln;
END Size.</syntaxhighlight>
Output:
<pre>
Size: 5
</pre>
===Character Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="oberon2">MODULE Length;
IMPORT Out, Strings;
VAR l: INTEGER;
string: ARRAY 5 OF CHAR;
BEGIN
string := "Foo";
l := Strings.Length(string);
Out.String("Length: ");
Out.Int(l,0);
Out.Ln;
END Length.</syntaxhighlight>
Output:
<pre>
Length: 3
</pre>
=={{header|Objeck}}==
All character string elements are 1-byte in size therefore a string's byte size and length are the same.
===Character Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="objeck">
"Foo"->Size()->PrintLine();
</syntaxhighlight>
===Byte Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="objeck">
"Foo"->Size()->PrintLine();
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Objective-C}}==
In order to be not ambiguous about the encoding used in the string, we explicitly provide
it in UTF-8 encoding. The string is "møøse" (ø UTF-8 encoded is in hexadecimal C3 B8).
===Character Length===
Objective-C encodes strings in UTF-16, which represents each character (''code point'') with one or two 16-bit ''code units''. This is a variable-length encoding scheme. The most commonly used characters are represented by one 16-bit code unit, while "supplementary characters" are represented by two (called a "surrogate pair").
The length method of NSString objects is not the length of that string in characters. Instead, it only gives the number of 16-bit code units used to encode a string. This is not (always) the number of Unicode characters (code points) in the string.
<syntaxhighlight lang="objc">// Return the length in characters
// XXX: does not (always) count Unicode characters (code points)!
unsigned int numberOfCharacters = [@"møøse" length]; // 5</syntaxhighlight>
Since Mac OS X 10.6, CFString has methods for converting between supplementary characters and surrogate pair. However, the easiest way to get the number of characters is probably to encode it in UTF-32 (which is a fixed-length encoding) and divide by 4:
<syntaxhighlight lang="objc">int realCharacterCount = [s lengthOfBytesUsingEncoding: NSUTF32StringEncoding] / 4;</syntaxhighlight>
===Byte Length===
Objective-C encodes strings in UTF-16, which represents each character with one or two 16-bit values. The length method of NSString objects returns the number of 16-bit values used to encode a string, so the number of bytes can be determined by doubling that number.
<syntaxhighlight lang="objc">int byteCount = [@"møøse" length] * 2; // 10</syntaxhighlight>
Another way to know the byte length of a string is to explicitly specify the charset we desire.
<syntaxhighlight lang="objc">// Return the number of bytes depending on the encoding,
// here explicitly UTF-8
unsigned numberOfBytes =
[@"møøse" lengthOfBytesUsingEncoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding]; // 7</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|OCaml}}==
In OCaml currently, characters inside the standard type string are bytes, and a single character taken alone has the same binary representation as the OCaml int (which is equivalent to a C long) which is a machine word.
For internationalization there is [https://github.com/yoriyuki/Camomile Camomile], a comprehensive Unicode library for OCaml. Camomile provides Unicode character type, UTF-8, UTF-16, and more...
===Byte Length===
Standard OCaml strings are classic ASCII ISO 8859-1, so the function String.length returns the byte length which is the character length in this encoding:
<syntaxhighlight lang="ocaml">String.length "Hello world" ;;</syntaxhighlight>
===Character Length===
While using the '''UTF8''' module of ''Camomile'' the byte length of an utf8 encoded string will be get with <tt>String.length</tt> and the character length will be returned by <tt>UTF8.length</tt>:
<syntaxhighlight lang="ocaml">open CamomileLibrary
let () =
Printf.printf " %d\n" (String.length "møøse");
Printf.printf " %d\n" (UTF8.length "møøse");
;;</syntaxhighlight>
Run this code with the command:
<pre>
$ ocaml bigarray.cma -I $(ocamlfind query camomile)/library/ camomileLibrary.cma strlen.ml
7
5
</pre>
Alternatively, you can use the UChar module (available since OCaml 4.03) to do it without additional modules.
<syntaxhighlight lang="OCaml">
let utf8_length (s: String.t) =
let byte_length = String.length s in
let rec count acc n =
if n = byte_length
then acc
else
let n' = n + (String.get_utf_8_uchar s n |> Uchar.utf_decode_length) in
count (succ acc) n'
in
count 0 0
;;
</syntaxhighlight>
<pre>
# utf8_length "møøse"
- : int = 5
</pre>
=={{header|Octave}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="octave">s = "string";
stringlen = length(s)</syntaxhighlight>
This gives the number of bytes, not of characters. e.g. length("è") is 2 when "è" is encoded e.g. as UTF-8.
=={{header|Oforth}}==
Oforth strings are UTF8 encoded.
size method returns number of UTF8 characters into a string
basicSize method returns number of bytes into a string
=={{header|Ol}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="scheme">
; Character length
(print (string-length "Hello, wørld!"))
; ==> 13
; Byte (utf-8 encoded) length
(print (length (string->bytes "Hello, wørld!")))
; ==> 14
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|OpenEdge/Progress}}==
The codepage can be set independently for input / output and internal operations. The following examples are started from an iso8859-1 session and therefore need to use fix-codepage to adjust the string to utf-8.
===Character Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="progress">DEF VAR lcc AS LONGCHAR.
FIX-CODEPAGE( lcc ) = "UTF-8".
lcc = "møøse".
MESSAGE LENGTH( lcc ) VIEW-AS ALERT-BOX.</syntaxhighlight>
===Byte Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="progress">DEF VAR lcc AS LONGCHAR.
FIX-CODEPAGE( lcc ) = "UTF-8".
lcc = "møøse".
MESSAGE LENGTH( lcc, "RAW" ) VIEW-AS ALERT-BOX.</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Oz}}==
===Byte Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="oz">{Show {Length "Hello World"}}</syntaxhighlight>
Oz uses a single-byte encoding by default. So for normal strings, this will also show the correct character length.
=={{header|PARI/GP}}==
===Character Length===
Characters = bytes in Pari; the underlying strings are C strings interpreted as US-ASCII.
<syntaxhighlight lang="parigp">len(s)=#s; \\ Alternately, len(s)=length(s); or even len=length;</syntaxhighlight>
===Byte Length===
This works on objects of any sort, not just strings, and includes overhead.
<syntaxhighlight lang="parigp">len(s)=sizebyte(s);</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Pascal}}==
===Byte Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="pascal">
const
s = 'abcdef';
begin
writeln (length(s))
end.
</syntaxhighlight>
Output:
<pre>
6
</pre>
=={{header|
===Byte Length===
{{works with|Perl|5.8}}
Strings in Perl consist of characters. Measuring the byte length therefore requires conversion to some binary representation (called encoding, both noun and verb).
<syntaxhighlight lang="perl">use utf8; # so we can use literal characters like ☺ in source
use Encode qw(encode);
print length encode 'UTF-8', "Hello, world! ☺";
# 17. The last character takes 3 bytes, the others 1 byte each.
print length encode 'UTF-16', "Hello, world! ☺";
# 32. 2 bytes for the BOM, then 15 byte pairs for each character.</syntaxhighlight>
===Character Length===
{{works with|Perl|5.X}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="perl">my $length = length "Hello, world!";</syntaxhighlight>
===Grapheme Length===
Since Perl 5.12, <code>/\X/</code> matches an ''extended grapheme cluster''. See [http://perldoc.perl.org/perl5120delta.html#Unicode-overhaul "Unicode overhaul" in perl5120delta] and also [http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr29/ UAX #29].
Perl understands that "\x{1112}\x{1161}\x{11ab}\x{1100}\x{1173}\x{11af}" (한글) contains 2 graphemes, just like "\x{d55c}\x{ae00}" (한글). The longer string uses Korean combining jamo characters.
{{works with|Perl|5.12}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="perl">use v5.12;
my $string = "\x{1112}\x{1161}\x{11ab}\x{1100}\x{1173}\x{11af}"; # 한글
my $len;
$len++ while ($string =~ /\X/g);
printf "Grapheme length: %d\n", $len;</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>Grapheme length: 2</pre>
=={{header|Phix}}==
{{libheader|Phix/basics}}
The standard length function returns the number of bytes, character length is achieved by converting to utf32
<!--<syntaxhighlight lang="phix">-->
<span style="color: #008080;">constant</span> <span style="color: #000000;">s</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #008000;">"𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢"</span>
<span style="color: #0000FF;">?<span style="color: #7060A8;">length<span style="color: #0000FF;">(<span style="color: #000000;">s<span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
<span style="color: #0000FF;">?<span style="color: #7060A8;">length<span style="color: #0000FF;">(<span style="color: #000000;">utf8_to_utf32<span style="color: #0000FF;">(<span style="color: #000000;">s<span style="color: #0000FF;">)<span style="color: #0000FF;">)
<!--</syntaxhighlight>-->
{{out}}
<pre>
28
7
</pre>
=={{header|PHP}}==
Program in a UTF8 linux:
<syntaxhighlight lang="php"><?php
foreach (array('møøse', '𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢', 'J̲o̲s̲é̲') as $s1) {
printf('String "%s" measured with strlen: %d mb_strlen: %s grapheme_strlen %s%s',
$s1, strlen($s1),mb_strlen($s1), grapheme_strlen($s1), PHP_EOL);
}
</syntaxhighlight>
yields the result:
<pre>
String "møøse" measured with strlen: 7 mb_strlen: 7 grapheme_strlen 5
String "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢" measured with strlen: 28 mb_strlen: 28 grapheme_strlen 7
String "J̲o̲s̲é̲" measured with strlen: 13 mb_strlen: 13 grapheme_strlen 4
</pre>
=={{header|PicoLisp}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="picolisp">(let Str "møøse"
(prinl "Character Length of \"" Str "\" is " (length Str))
(prinl "Byte Length of \"" Str "\" is " (size Str)) )</syntaxhighlight>
Output:
<pre>Character Length of "møøse" is 5
Byte Length of "møøse" is 7
-> 7</pre>
=={{header|PL/I}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="pli">declare WS widechar (13) initial ('Hello world.');
put ('Character length=', length (WS));
put skip list ('Byte length=', size(WS));
declare SM graphic (13) initial ('Hello world');
put ('Character length=', length(SM));
put skip list ('Byte length=', size(trim(SM)));</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|PL/SQL}}==
LENGTH calculates length using characters as defined by the input character set.
LENGTHB uses bytes instead of characters.
LENGTHC uses Unicode complete characters.
LENGTH2 uses UCS2 code points.
LENGTH4 uses UCS4 code points.
===Byte Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="plsql">DECLARE
string VARCHAR2(50) := 'Hello, world!';
stringlength NUMBER;
BEGIN
stringlength := LENGTHB(string);
END;</syntaxhighlight>
===Character Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="plsql">DECLARE
string VARCHAR2(50) := 'Hello, world!';
stringlength NUMBER;
ucs2length NUMBER;
ucs4length NUMBER;
BEGIN
stringlength := LENGTH(string);
unicodelength := LENGTHC(string);
ucs2length := LENGTH2(string);
ucs4length := LENGTH4(string);
END;</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Plain English}}==
===Byte Length===
{{libheader|Plain English-output}}
Plain English does not handle Unicode, so strings return their length in bytes.
<syntaxhighlight lang="text">
To run:
Start up.
Put "møøse" into a string.
Write the string's length to the output.
Wait for the escape key.
Shut down.
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Pop11}}==
Line 519 ⟶ 2,824:
Currently Pop11 supports only strings consisting of 1-byte units. Strings can carry arbitrary binary data, so user can for example use UTF-8 (however builtin procedures will treat each byte as a single character). The length function for strings returns length in bytes:
=={{header|
===Character Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="text">
(Hello World) length =
11
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Potion}}==
===Character Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="potion">"møøse" length print
"𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢" length print
"J̲o̲s̲é̲" length print</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|PowerShell}}==
===Character Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="powershell">$s = "Hëlló Wørłð"
$s.Length</syntaxhighlight>
===Byte Length===
{{trans|C#}}
For UTF-16, which is the default in .NET and therefore PowerShell:
<syntaxhighlight lang="powershell">$s = "Hëlló Wørłð"
[System.Text.Encoding]::Unicode.GetByteCount($s)</syntaxhighlight>
For UTF-8:
<syntaxhighlight lang="powershell">[System.Text.Encoding]::UTF8.GetByteCount($s)</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|PureBasic}}==
===Character Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="purebasic"> a = Len("Hello World") ;a will be 11</syntaxhighlight>
===Byte Length===
Returns the number of bytes required to store the string in memory in the given format in bytes. 'Format' can be #PB_Ascii, #PB_UTF8 or #PB_Unicode. PureBasic code can be compiled using either Unicode (2-byte) or Ascii (1-byte) encodings for strings. If 'Format' is not specified, the mode of the executable (unicode or ascii) is used.
Note: The number of bytes returned does not include the terminating Null-Character of the string. The size of the Null-Character is 1 byte for Ascii and UTF8 mode and 2 bytes for Unicode mode.
<syntaxhighlight lang="purebasic">a = StringByteLength("ä", #PB_UTF8) ;a will be 2
b = StringByteLength("ä", #PB_Ascii) ;b will be 1
c = StringByteLength("ä", #PB_Unicode) ;c will be 2
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Python}}==
===2.x===
In Python 2.x, there are two types of strings: regular (8-bit) strings, and Unicode strings. Unicode string literals are prefixed with "u".
====Byte Length====
{{works with|Python|2.x}}
For 8-bit strings, the byte length is the same as the character length:
<syntaxhighlight lang="python">print len('ascii')
# 5</syntaxhighlight>
For Unicode strings, length depends on the internal encoding. Since version 2.2 Python shipped with two build options: it either uses 2 or 4 bytes per character. The internal representation is not interesting for the user.
<syntaxhighlight lang="python"># The letter Alef
print len(u'\u05d0'.encode('utf-8'))
# 2
print len(u'\u05d0'.encode('iso-8859-8'))
# 1</syntaxhighlight>
Example from the problem statement:
====Character Length====
{{works with|Python|2.4}}
len() returns the number of code units (not code points!) in a Unicode string or plain ASCII string. On a wide build, this is the same as the number of code points, but on a narrow one it is not. Most linux distributions install the wide build by default, you can check the build at runtime with:
<syntaxhighlight lang="python">import sys
sys.maxunicode # 1114111 on a wide build, 65535 on a narrow build </syntaxhighlight>
To get the length of encoded string, you have to decode it first:
<syntaxhighlight lang="python">print len('ascii')
# 5
print len(u'\u05d0') # the letter Alef as unicode literal
# 1
print len('\xd7\x90'.decode('utf-8')) # Same encoded as utf-8 string
# 1
print hex(sys.maxunicode), len(unichr(0x1F4A9))
# ('0x10ffff', 1)</syntaxhighlight>
On a narrow build, len() gives the wrong answer for non-BMP chars
<syntaxhighlight lang="python">print hex(sys.maxunicode), len(unichr(0x1F4A9))
# ('0xffff', 2)</syntaxhighlight>
===3.x===
In Python 3.x, strings are Unicode strings and a bytes type if available for storing an immutable sequence of bytes (there's also available a bytearray type, which is mutable)
====Byte Length====
You can use len() to get the length of a byte sequence.
<syntaxhighlight lang="python">print(len(b'Hello, World!'))
# 13</syntaxhighlight>
To get a byte sequence from a string, you have to encode it with the desired encoding:
<syntaxhighlight lang="python"># The letter Alef
print(len('\u05d0'.encode())) # the default encoding is utf-8 in Python3
# 2
print(len('\u05d0'.encode('iso-8859-8')))
# 1</syntaxhighlight>
Example from the problem statement:
<syntaxhighlight lang="python">#!/bin/env python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
s = "møøse"
assert len(s) == 5
assert len(s.encode('UTF-8')) == 7
assert len(s.encode('UTF-16-BE')) == 10 # There are 3 different UTF-16 encodings: LE and BE are little endian and big endian respectively, the third one (without suffix) adds 2 extra leading bytes: the byte-order mark (BOM).
u="𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢"
assert len(u.encode()) == 28
assert len(u.encode('UTF-16-BE')) == 28</syntaxhighlight>
====Character Length====
Since Python3.3 the internal storage of unicode strings has been optimized: strings that don't contain characters outside the latin-1 set, are stored with 8 bits for each character, strings that don't contain codepoints outside the BMP (lone surrogates aren't allowed) are stored as UCS-2, while all the others use UCS-4.
Thus Python is able to avoid memory overhead when dealing with only ASCII strings, while handling correctly all codepoints in Unicode. len() returns the number of characters/codepoints:
<syntaxhighlight lang="python">print(len("𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢"))
# 7</syntaxhighlight>
Until Python 3.2 instead, length depended on the internal encoding, since it shipped with two build options: it either used 2 or 4 bytes per character.
len() returned the number of code units in a string, which could be different from the number of characters. In a narrow build, this is not a reliable way to get the number of characters. You can only easily count code points in a wide build. Most linux distributions install the wide build by default, you can check the build at runtime with:
<syntaxhighlight lang="python">import sys
sys.maxunicode # 1114111 on a wide build, 65535 on a narrow build</syntaxhighlight>
<syntaxhighlight lang="python">print(len('ascii'))
# 5
print(len('\u05d0')) # the letter Alef as unicode literal
# 1</syntaxhighlight>
To get the length of an encoded byte sequence, you have to decode it first:
<syntaxhighlight lang="python">print(len(b'\xd7\x90'.decode('utf-8'))) # Alef encoded as utf-8 byte sequence
# 1</syntaxhighlight>
<syntaxhighlight lang="python">print(hex(sys.maxunicode), len(unichr(0x1F4A9)))
# ('0x10ffff', 1)</syntaxhighlight>
On a narrow build, len() gives the wrong answer for non-BMP chars
<syntaxhighlight lang="python">print(hex(sys.maxunicode), len(unichr(0x1F4A9)))
# ('0xffff', 2)</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|R}}==
===Byte length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="rsplus">a <- "m\u00f8\u00f8se"
print(nchar(a, type="bytes")) # print 7</syntaxhighlight>
===Character length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="rsplus">print(nchar(a, type="chars")) # print 5</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Racket}}==
Using this definition:
<syntaxhighlight lang="racket">(define str "J\u0332o\u0332s\u0332e\u0301\u0332")</syntaxhighlight>
on the REPL, we get the following:
===Character length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="racket">-> (printf "str has ~a characters" (string-length str))
str has 9 characters</syntaxhighlight>
===Byte length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="racket">-> (printf "str has ~a bytes in utf-8" (bytes-length (string->bytes/utf-8 str)))
str has 14 bytes in utf-8</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Raku}}==
(formerly Perl 6)
===Byte Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="raku" line>say 'møøse'.encode('UTF-8').bytes;</syntaxhighlight>
===Character Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="raku" line>say 'møøse'.codes;</syntaxhighlight>
===Grapheme Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="raku" line>say 'møøse'.chars;</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|REBOL}}==
Rebol 2 does not natively support UCS (Unicode), so character and byte
length are the same. See [http://www.reboltech.com/library/html/utf-8.html utf-8.r] for an external UTF-8 library.
Rebol 3 natively supports UTF-8.
===Byte Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="rebol">;; r2
length? "møøse"
;; r3
length? to-binary "møøse"</syntaxhighlight>
===Character length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="rebol">;; r3
length? "møøse"</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|ReScript}}==
===Byte Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="rescript">Js.String2.length("abcd") == 4</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Retro}}==
===Byte Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="retro">'møøse s:length n:put</syntaxhighlight>
===Character Length===
Retro does not have built-in support for Unicode, but counting of characters can be done with a small amount of effort.
<syntaxhighlight lang="retro">chain: UTF8'
{{
: utf+ ( $-$ )
[ 1+ dup @ %11000000 and %10000000 = ] while ;
: count ( $-$ )
0 !here
repeat dup @ 0; drop utf+ here ++ again ;
---reveal---
: getLength ( $-n )
count drop @here ;
}}
;chain
"møøse" ^UTF8'getLength putn</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|REXX}}==
Classic REXX don't support Unicodes, so ''character'' and ''byte'' length are the same.
<br>All characters (in strings) are stored as 8-bit bytes. Indeed, ''everything'' in REXX
<br>is stored as character strings.
===Byte Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="rexx">/*REXX program displays the lengths (in bytes/characters) for various strings. */
/* 1 */ /*a handy-dandy over/under scale.*/
/* 123456789012345 */
hello = 'Hello, world!' ; say 'the length of HELLO is ' length(hello)
happy = 'Hello, world! ☺' ; say 'the length of HAPPY is ' length(happy)
jose = 'José' ; say 'the length of JOSE is ' length(jose)
nill = '' ; say 'the length of NILL is ' length(nill)
null = ; say 'the length of NULL is ' length(null)
sum = 5+1 ; say 'the length of SUM is ' length(sum)
/* [↑] is, of course, 6. */
/*stick a fork in it, we're done.*/</syntaxhighlight>
'''output'''
<pre>
length of HELLO is 13
length of HAPPY is 15
length of JOSE is 4
length of NILL is 0
length of NULL is 0
length of SUM is 1
</pre>
=={{header|Ring}}==
===Character Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="ring">
aString = "Welcome to the Ring Programming Language"
aStringSize = len(aString)
see "Character lenghts : " + aStringSize
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Robotic}}==
===Character Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="robotic">
set "$local1" to "Hello world!"
* "String length: &$local1.length&"
end
</syntaxhighlight>
Unfortunately, only character length can be retrieved in this language.
=={{header|RPL}}==
RPL strings are all made of 8-bit characters.
"RPL" SIZE
=={{header|Ruby}}==
UTF8 is the default encoding in Ruby.
===Byte Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="ruby">"J̲o̲s̲é̲".bytesize</syntaxhighlight>
===Character Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="ruby">"J̲o̲s̲é̲".chars.length</syntaxhighlight>
===Grapheme Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="ruby">"J̲o̲s̲é̲".grapheme_clusters.length</syntaxhighlight>
===Code Set Independence===
The next examples show the '''byte length''' and '''character length''' of "møøse" in different encodings.
<blockquote style="background-color: #ffc;">
To run these programs, you must convert them to different encodings.
* If you use [[Emacs]]: Paste each program into Emacs. The magic comment, like <code>-*- coding: iso-8859-1 -*-</code>, will tell Emacs to save with that encoding.
* If your text editor saves UTF-8: Convert the file before running it. For example:<br /><code>$ ruby -pe '$_.encode!("iso-8859-1", "utf-8")' scratch.rb | ruby</code>
</blockquote>
{{works with|Ruby|1.9}}
{| class="wikitable"
! Program
! Output
|-
| <syntaxhighlight lang="ruby"># -*- coding: iso-8859-1 -*-
s = "møøse"
puts "Byte length: %d" % s.bytesize
puts "Character length: %d" % s.length</syntaxhighlight>
| <pre>Byte length: 5
Character length: 5</pre>
|-
| <syntaxhighlight lang="ruby"># -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
s = "møøse"
puts "Byte length: %d" % s.bytesize
puts "Character length: %d" % s.length</syntaxhighlight>
| <pre>Byte length: 7
Character length: 5</pre>
|-
| <syntaxhighlight lang="ruby"># -*- coding: gb18030 -*-
s = "møøse"
puts "Byte length: %d" % s.bytesize
puts "Character length: %d" % s.length</syntaxhighlight>
| <pre>Byte length: 11
Character length: 5</pre>
|}
===Ruby 1.8===
The next example works with both Ruby 1.8 and Ruby 1.9. In Ruby 1.8, the strings have no encodings, and String#length is the byte length. In Ruby 1.8, the regular expressions knows three Japanese encodings.
* <code>/./n</code> uses no multibyte encoding.
* <code>/./e</code> uses EUC-JP.
* <code>/./s</code> uses Shift-JIS or Windows-31J.
* <code>/./u</code> uses UTF-8.
Then either <code>string.scan(/./u).size</code> or <code>string.gsub(/./u, ' ').size</code> counts the UTF-8 characters in string.
<syntaxhighlight lang="ruby"># -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
class String
# Define String#bytesize for Ruby 1.8.6.
unless method_defined?(:bytesize)
alias bytesize length
end
end
s = "文字化け"
puts "Byte length: %d" % s.bytesize
puts "Character length: %d" % s.gsub(/./u, ' ').size</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Run BASIC}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="runbasic">input a$
print len(a$)</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Rust}}==
===Byte Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="text">
fn main() {
let s = "文字化け"; // UTF-8
println!("Byte Length: {}", s.len());
}
</syntaxhighlight>
===Character Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="rust">
fn main() {
let s = "文字化け"; // UTF-8
println!("Character length: {}", s.chars().count());
}
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|SAS}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="sas">data _null_;
a="Hello, World!";
b=length(c);
put _all_;
run;</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Scala}}==
{{libheader|Scala}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="scala">
object StringLength extends App {
val s1 = "møøse"
val s3 = List("\uD835\uDD18", "\uD835\uDD2B", "\uD835\uDD26",
"\uD835\uDD20", "\uD835\uDD2C", "\uD835\uDD21", "\uD835\uDD22").mkString
val s4 = "J\u0332o\u0332s\u0332e\u0301\u0332"
List(s1, s3, s4).foreach(s => println(
s"The string: $s, characterlength= ${s.length} UTF8bytes= ${
s.getBytes("UTF-8").size
} UTF16bytes= ${s.getBytes("UTF-16LE").size}"))
}
</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>The string: møøse, characterlength= 5 UTF8bytes= 7 UTF16bytes= 10
The string: 𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢, characterlength= 14 UTF8bytes= 28 UTF16bytes= 28
The string: J̲o̲s̲é̲, characterlength= 9 UTF8bytes= 14 UTF16bytes= 18</pre>
=={{header|Scheme}}==
===Byte Length===
{{works_with|Gauche|0.8.7 [utf-8,pthreads]}}
'''string-size''' function is only Gauche function.
<syntaxhighlight lang="scheme">(string-size "Hello world")</syntaxhighlight>
{{works with|PLT Scheme|4.2.4}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="scheme">(bytes-length #"Hello world")</syntaxhighlight>
===Character Length===
{{works_with|Gauche|0.8.7 [utf-8,pthreads]}}
'''string-length''' function is in [[R5RS]], [[R6RS]].
<syntaxhighlight lang="scheme"> (string-length "Hello world")</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|sed}}==
===Character Length===
Sed breaks strings on newline characters, and doesn't include them in the count.
Text is read from standard input e.g. <code>echo "string" | sed -f script.sed</code> or <code>sed -f script.sed file.txt</code> (The solution given would be the contents of a text file <code>script.sed</code> in these cases).
For files with more than one line, sed will give a count for each line.
<syntaxhighlight lang="sed"># create unary numeral (i = 1)
s/./i/g
:loop
# divide by 10 (x = 10)
s/i\{10\}/x/g
# convert remainder to decimal digit
/i/!s/[0-9]*$/0&/
s/i\{9\}/9/
s/i\{8\}/8/
s/i\{7\}/7/
s/i\{6\}/6/
s/iiiii/5/
s/iiii/4/
s/iii/3/
s/ii/2/
s/i/1/
# convert quotient (10s) to 1s
y/x/i/
# start over for the next magnitude (if any)
/i/b loop</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Seed7}}==
===Character Length===
<syntaxhighlight
=={{header|SETL}}==
===Character Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="haskell">print(# "Hello, world!"); -- '#' is the cardinality operator. Works on strings, tuples, and sets.</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Sidef}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="ruby">var str = "J\x{332}o\x{332}s\x{332}e\x{301}\x{332}";</syntaxhighlight>
===Byte Length===
UTF-8 byte length (default):
<syntaxhighlight lang="ruby">say str.bytes.len; #=> 14</syntaxhighlight>
UTF-16 byte length:
<syntaxhighlight lang="ruby">say str.encode('UTF-16').bytes.len; #=> 20</syntaxhighlight>
===Character Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="ruby">say str.chars.len; #=> 9</syntaxhighlight>
===Grapheme Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="ruby">say str.graphs.len; #=> 4</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Simula}}==
Simula has no bultin support for character encodings (Unicode was not even invented in the year 1967). The encoding was regarded responsibility of the operating system and one byte must match one character.
So character constants encoded in UTF-8 are not possible.
But reading from a utf8-encoded input file is actually possible.
{{in}}
<pre>møøse
𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢
J̲o̲s̲é̲
€
</pre>
===Byte Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="simula">BEGIN
TEXT LINE;
WHILE NOT LASTITEM DO
BEGIN
INTEGER L;
LINE :- COPY(SYSIN.IMAGE).STRIP;
OUTCHAR('"');
OUTTEXT(LINE);
OUTCHAR('"');
OUTTEXT(" BYTE LENGTH = "); OUTINT(LINE.LENGTH, 0);
OUTIMAGE;
INIMAGE;
END;
END.
</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>
"møøse" BYTE LENGTH = 7
"𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢" BYTE LENGTH = 28
"J̲o̲s̲é̲" BYTE LENGTH = 13
"€" BYTE LENGTH = 3
</pre>
===Character Length===
To calculate the character length, one can do it manually:
<syntaxhighlight lang="simula">BEGIN
! NUMBER OF UFT8 CHARACTERS IN STRING ;
INTEGER PROCEDURE UTF8STRLEN(S); TEXT S;
BEGIN
INTEGER R, LEN, BYTES, ALLBYTES;
CHARACTER BYTE;
WHILE S.MORE DO
BEGIN
BYTE := S.GETCHAR;
ALLBYTES := ALLBYTES + 1;
R := RANK(BYTE);
LEN := LEN + 1;
BYTES :=
IF R >= 0 AND R <= 127 THEN 1 ELSE ! 0....... ASCII ;
IF R >= 128 AND R <= 191 THEN 0 ELSE ! 10...... CONTINUATION ;
IF R >= 192 AND R <= 223 THEN 2 ELSE ! 110..... 10x ;
IF R >= 224 AND R <= 239 THEN 3 ELSE ! 1110.... 10x 10x ;
IF R >= 240 AND R <= 247 THEN 4 ELSE ! 11110... 10x 10x 10x ;
-1;
IF BYTES = -1 THEN ERROR("ILLEGAL UTF8 STRING");
WHILE BYTES > 1 DO
BEGIN
BYTE := S.GETCHAR;
ALLBYTES := ALLBYTES + 1;
BYTES := BYTES - 1;
END;
END;
UTF8STRLEN := LEN;
END UTF8STRLEN;
TEXT LINE;
WHILE NOT LASTITEM DO
BEGIN
INTEGER L;
LINE :- COPY(SYSIN.IMAGE).STRIP;
OUTCHAR('"');
OUTTEXT(LINE);
OUTCHAR('"');
L := UTF8STRLEN(LINE);
OUTTEXT(" CHARACTER LENGTH = "); OUTINT(UTF8STRLEN(LINE), 0);
OUTIMAGE;
INIMAGE;
END;
END.</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>"møøse" CHARACTER LENGTH = 5
"𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢" CHARACTER LENGTH = 7
"J̲o̲s̲é̲" CHARACTER LENGTH = 8
"€" CHARACTER LENGTH = 1
</pre>
=={{header|Slate}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="slate">'Hello, world!' length.</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Slope}}==
=== Character Length ===
<syntaxhighlight lang="slope">(length "møøse")</syntaxhighlight>
=== Byte Lenth ===
<syntaxhighlight lang="slope">(length (string->bytes "møøse"))</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Smalltalk}}==
Internally, Smalltalk represents strings as a collection of characters, with each character representing a single code point. To get at/from bytes, the strings must be en/decoded and converted to/from a byte array. UTFX is only used when communicating with the external world (files/sockets etc.)
{{works with|Smalltalk/X}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="smalltalk">'hello' size -> 5
'hello' utf8Encoded size -> 5
'hello' utf8Encoded asByteArray -> #[104 101 108 108 111]
#[104 101 108 108 111] asString -: 'hello'
'møøse' size -> 5
'møøse' utf8Encoded size -> 7
'møøse' utf8Encoded asByteArray -> #[109 195 184 195 184 115 101]
#[109 195 184 195 184 115 101] utf8Decoded ->'møøse'
'𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢' size -> 7
'𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢' utf8Encoded size -> 28
'𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢' utf8Encoded asByteArray -> #[240 157 148 152 240 157 148 171 240 157 148 166 240 157 148 160 240 157 148 172 240 157 148 161 240 157 148 162]
'𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢' utf16Encoded size -> 14
'𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢' utf8Encoded asWordArray -> WordArray(55349 56600 55349 56619 55349 56614 55349 56608 55349 56620 55349 56609 55349 56610)</syntaxhighlight>
===Byte Length===
{{
<syntaxhighlight
===Character Length===
{{
<syntaxhighlight
string numberOfCharacters.</syntaxhighlight>
requires loading the Iconv package:
<syntaxhighlight lang="smalltalk">PackageLoader fileInPackage: 'Iconv'</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|SNOBOL4}}==
===Byte Length ===
<syntaxhighlight lang="snobol4">
output = "Byte length: " size(trim(input))
end
</syntaxhighlight>
===Character Length ===
The example works AFAIK only with CSnobol4 by Phil Budne
<syntaxhighlight lang="snobol4">
-include "utf.sno"
output = "Char length: " utfsize(trim(input))
end
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Sparkling}}==
===Byte length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="sparkling">spn:1> sizeof "Hello, wørld!"
= 14</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|SPL}}==
===Byte Length===
All strings in SPL are Unicode. See code below.
===Character Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="spl">t = ["abc","J̲o̲s̲é̲","møøse","𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢"]
> i, 1..#.size(t,1)
? i>1, #.output()
#.output(#.quot,t[i],#.quot," contains")
p = #.split(t[i])
cn = #.size(p,1)
s = #.str(cn,">3>")+" chars: "
> j, 1..cn
? j>1, s += ", "
s += p[j]
<
#.output(s)
q = #.array(t[i])
bn = #.size(q,1)
s = #.str(bn,">3>")+" bytes: "
> j, 1..bn
? j>1, s += ", "
s += #.str(q[j],"X2")+"h"
<
#.output(s)
<</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>
"abc" contains
3 chars: a,b,c
6 bytes: 61h, 00h, 62h, 00h, 63h, 00h
"J̲o̲s̲é̲" contains
4 chars: J̲,o̲,s̲,é̲
16 bytes: 4Ah, 00h, 32h, 03h, 6Fh, 00h, 32h, 03h, 73h, 00h, 32h, 03h, E9h, 00h, 32h, 03h
"møøse" contains
5 chars: m,ø,ø,s,e
10 bytes: 6Dh, 00h, F8h, 00h, F8h, 00h, 73h, 00h, 65h, 00h
"𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢" contains
7 chars: 𝔘,𝔫,𝔦,𝔠,𝔬,𝔡,𝔢
28 bytes: 35h, D8h, 18h, DDh, 35h, D8h, 2Bh, DDh, 35h, D8h, 26h, DDh, 35h, D8h, 20h, DDh, 35h, D8h, 2Ch, DDh, 35h, D8h, 21h, DDh, 35h, D8h, 22h, DDh
</pre>
===Grapheme Length===
SPL treats grapheme as a single character when splitting text. See code above.
=={{header|SQL}}==
===Byte length===
SELECT LENGTH(CAST('møøse' AS BLOB));
===Character length===
SELECT LENGTH('møøse');
=={{header|SQL PL}}==
===Character Length===
{{works with|Db2 LUW}}
With SQL only:
<syntaxhighlight lang="sql pl">
VALUES LENGTH('møøse', CODEUNITS16);
VALUES LENGTH('møøse', CODEUNITS32);
VALUES CHARACTER_LENGTH('møøse', CODEUNITS32);
VALUES LENGTH2('møøse');
VALUES LENGTH4('møøse');
VALUES LENGTH('𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢', CODEUNITS16);
VALUES LENGTH('𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢', CODEUNITS32);
VALUES CHARACTER_LENGTH('𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢', CODEUNITS32);
VALUES LENGTH2('𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢');
VALUES LENGTH4('𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢');
VALUES LENGTH('J̲o̲s̲é̲', CODEUNITS16);
VALUES LENGTH('J̲o̲s̲é̲', CODEUNITS32);
VALUES CHARACTER_LENGTH('J̲o̲s̲é̲', CODEUNITS32);
VALUES LENGTH2('J̲o̲s̲é̲');
VALUES LENGTH4('J̲o̲s̲é̲');
</syntaxhighlight>
Output:
<pre>
db2 -t
db2 => VALUES LENGTH('møøse', CODEUNITS16);
1
-----------
5
1 record(s) selected.
db2 => VALUES LENGTH('møøse', CODEUNITS32);
1
-----------
5
1 record(s) selected.
db2 => VALUES CHARACTER_LENGTH('møøse', CODEUNITS32);
1
-----------
5
1 record(s) selected.
db2 => VALUES LENGTH2('møøse');
1
-----------
5
1 record(s) selected.
db2 => VALUES LENGTH4('møøse');
1
-----------
5
1 record(s) selected.
db2 => VALUES LENGTH('𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢', CODEUNITS16);
1
-----------
14
1 record(s) selected.
db2 => VALUES LENGTH('𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢', CODEUNITS32);
1
-----------
7
1 record(s) selected.
db2 => VALUES CHARACTER_LENGTH('𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢', CODEUNITS32);
1
-----------
7
1 record(s) selected.
db2 => VALUES LENGTH2('𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢');
1
-----------
14
1 record(s) selected.
db2 => VALUES LENGTH4('𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢');
1
-----------
7
1 record(s) selected.
db2 => VALUES LENGTH('J̲o̲s̲é̲', CODEUNITS16);
1
-----------
8
1 record(s) selected.
db2 => VALUES LENGTH('J̲o̲s̲é̲', CODEUNITS32);
1
-----------
8
1 record(s) selected.
db2 => VALUES CHARACTER_LENGTH('J̲o̲s̲é̲', CODEUNITS32);
1
-----------
8
1 record(s) selected.
db2 => VALUES LENGTH2('J̲o̲s̲é̲');
1
-----------
8
1 record(s) selected.
db2 => VALUES LENGTH4('J̲o̲s̲é̲');
1
-----------
8
1 record(s) selected.
</pre>
===Byte Length===
{{works with|Db2 LUW}}
With SQL only:
<syntaxhighlight lang="sql pl">
VALUES LENGTH('møøse');
VALUES LENGTHB('møøse');
VALUES LENGTH('𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢');
VALUES LENGTHB('𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢');
VALUES LENGTH('J̲o̲s̲é̲');
VALUES LENGTHB('J̲o̲s̲é̲');
</syntaxhighlight>
Output:
<pre>
db2 -t
db2 => VALUES LENGTH('møøse');
1
-----------
7
1 record(s) selected.
db2 => VALUES LENGTHB('møøse');
1
-----------
7
1 record(s) selected.
db2 => VALUES LENGTH('𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢');
1
-----------
28
1 record(s) selected.
db2 => VALUES LENGTHB('𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢');
1
-----------
28
1 record(s) selected.
db2 => VALUES LENGTH('J̲o̲s̲é̲');
1
-----------
13
1 record(s) selected.
db2 => VALUES LENGTHB('J̲o̲s̲é̲');
1
-----------
13
1 record(s) selected.
</pre>
=={{header|Standard ML}}==
===Byte Length===
{{
{{works with|Moscow ML|2.01}}
{{works with|MLton|20061107}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="sml">val strlen = size "Hello, world!";</syntaxhighlight>
===Character Length===
{{works with|Standard ML of New Jersey|SML/NJ|110.74}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="sml">val strlen = UTF8.size "Hello, world!";</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Stata}}==
Use '''[https://www.stata.com/help.cgi?f_strlen strlen]''' for byte length, and '''[https://www.stata.com/help.cgi?f_ustrlen ustrlen]''' for the number of Unicode characters in a string.
<syntaxhighlight lang="stata">scalar s="Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἐποίησεν ὁ θεὸς τὸν οὐρανὸν καὶ τὴν γῆν"
di strlen(s)
97
di ustrlen(s)
47</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Stringle}}==
The only current implementation of Stringle uses 8-bit character sets, meaning character and byte length is always the same.
This prints the length of a string from input:
<syntaxhighlight lang="stringle">$ #$</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Swift}}==
===Grapheme Length===
Swift has a concept of "character" that goes beyond Unicode code points. A <code>Character</code> is a "Unicode grapheme cluster", which can consist of one or more Unicode code points.
To count "characters" (Unicode grapheme clusters):
{{works with|Swift|2.x}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="swift">let numberOfCharacters = "møøse".characters.count // 5</syntaxhighlight>
{{works with|Swift|1.2}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="swift">let numberOfCharacters = count("møøse") // 5</syntaxhighlight>
{{works with|Swift|1.0-1.1}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="swift">let numberOfCharacters = countElements("møøse") // 5</syntaxhighlight>
===Character Length===
To count Unicode code points:
{{works with|Swift|2.x}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="swift">let numberOfCodePoints = "møøse".unicodeScalars.count // 5</syntaxhighlight>
{{works with|Swift|1.2}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="swift">let numberOfCodePoints = count("møøse".unicodeScalars) // 5</syntaxhighlight>
{{works with|Swift|1.0-1.1}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="swift">let numberOfCodePoints = countElements("møøse".unicodeScalars) // 5</syntaxhighlight>
===Byte Length===
This depends on which encoding you want to use.
For length in UTF-8, count the number of UTF-8 code units:
{{works with|Swift|2.x}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="swift">let numberOfBytesUTF8 = "møøse".utf8.count // 7</syntaxhighlight>
{{works with|Swift|1.2}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="swift">let numberOfBytesUTF8 = count("møøse".utf8) // 7</syntaxhighlight>
{{works with|Swift|1.0-1.1}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="swift">let numberOfBytesUTF8 = countElements("møøse".utf8) // 7</syntaxhighlight>
For length in UTF-16, count the number of UTF-16 code units, and multiply by 2:
{{works with|Swift|2.x}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="swift">let numberOfBytesUTF16 = "møøse".utf16.count * 2 // 10</syntaxhighlight>
{{works with|Swift|1.2}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="swift">let numberOfBytesUTF16 = count("møøse".utf16) * 2 // 10</syntaxhighlight>
{{works with|Swift|1.0-1.1}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="swift">let numberOfBytesUTF16 = countElements("møøse".utf16) * 2 // 10</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Symsyn}}==
===Byte Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="symsyn">
c : 'abcdefgh'
#c []
</syntaxhighlight>
Output:
<pre>
8
</pre>
=={{header|Tcl}}==
===Byte Length===
Formally, Tcl does not guarantee to use any particular representation for its strings internally (the underlying implementation objects can hold strings in at least three different formats, mutating between them as necessary) so the way to calculate the "byte length" of a string can only be done with respect to some user-selected encoding. This is done this way (for UTF-8):
<syntaxhighlight lang="tcl">string length [encoding convertto utf-8 $theString]</syntaxhighlight>
<!-- Yes, there's <tt>string bytelength</tt>; don't use it. It's deeply wrong-headed and will probably go away in future releases. [[DKF]] -->
Thus, we have these examples:
<syntaxhighlight lang="tcl">set s1 "hello, world"
set s2 "\u304A\u306F\u3088\u3046"
set enc utf-8
puts [format "length of \"%s\" in bytes is %d" \
$s1 [string length [encoding convertto $enc $s1]]]
puts [format "length of \"%s\" in bytes is %d" \
$s2 [string length [encoding convertto $enc $s2]]]</syntaxhighlight>
===Character Length===
Basic version:
<syntaxhighlight
or more elaborately, needs '''Interpreter''' any 8.X. Tested on 8.4.12.
<syntaxhighlight
=={{header|TI-89 BASIC}}==
The TI-89 uses an fixed 8-bit encoding so there is no difference between character length and byte length.
<syntaxhighlight lang="ti89b">■ dim("møøse") 5</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Toka}}==
===Byte Length===
<syntaxhighlight
=={{header|
===Character Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="trith">"møøse" length</syntaxhighlight>
===Byte Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="trith">"møøse" size</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|TUSCRIPT}}==
===Character Length ===
<syntaxhighlight lang="tuscript">
$$ MODE TUSCRIPT
string="hello, world"
l=LENGTH (string)
PRINT "character length of string '",string,"': ",l
</syntaxhighlight>
Output:
<pre>
Character length of string 'hello, world': 12
</pre>
=={{header|UNIX Shell}}==
====Byte length via external utility:====
{{works with|Bourne Shell}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">string='Hello, world!'
length=`expr "x$string" : '.*' - 1`
echo $length # if you want it printed to the terminal</syntaxhighlight>
====With [[Unix|SUSv3]] parameter expansion modifier:====
This returns the byte count in ash/dash, but the character count in bash, ksh, and zsh:
{{works with|Almquist SHell}}
{{works with|Bourne Again SHell}}
{{works with|Korn Shell|93}}
{{works with|Z SHell}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">string='Hello, world!'
length=${#string}
echo $length # if you want it printed to the terminal</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Vala}}==
===Character Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="vala">
string s = "Hello, world!";
int characterLength = s.length;
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|VBA}}==
Cf. VBScript (below).
=={{header|VBScript}}==
===Byte Length===
Returns the number of bytes required to store a string in memory. Returns null if string|varname is null.
===Character Length===
Returns the length of the string|varname . Returns null if string|varname is null.
=={{header|Visual Basic}}==
{{works with|Visual Basic|VB6 Standard}}
same as [[#VBScript]].
=={{header|Visual Basic .NET}}==
'''Compiler:''' Roslyn Visual Basic (language version >=15.5)
Strings in .NET are immutable wrappers around arrays of the <code>Char</code> type, which represents a UTF-16 code unit (with a size of two bytes). Classes for encoding and decoding strings to and from byte arrays in various encodings are located in the <code>System.Text</code> namespace, with <code>System.Text.Encoding</code> representing different string encodings (and providing means of encoding and decoding strings to raw byte arrays). The Length property of a string returns the number of Chars it contains, and is thus the number of UTF-16 code units in that string.
====Byte Length====
One method of Encoding returns the number of bytes required to encode a .NET string in that encoding (encoding objects can be obtained through readonly static [Shared in VB.NET] properties of the Encoding class).
<syntaxhighlight lang="vbnet">Module ByteLength
Function GetByteLength(s As String, encoding As Text.Encoding) As Integer
Return encoding.GetByteCount(s)
End Function
End Module</syntaxhighlight>
====Character Length====
There is no intended means of obtaining the number of code points in a string in .NET, though a straightforward implementation is to take one fourth of the string's byte length in UTF-32 (as UTF-32 is a fixed-length encoding where each code point is four bytes).
An alternative implementation is to count the number of UTF-16 surrogate pairs in a string and subtract that number from the number of UTF-16 code units in the string.
<syntaxhighlight lang="vbnet">Module CharacterLength
Function GetUTF16CodeUnitsLength(s As String) As Integer
Return s.Length
End Function
Private Function GetUTF16SurrogatePairCount(s As String) As Integer
GetUTF16SurrogatePairCount = 0
For i = 1 To s.Length - 1
If Char.IsSurrogatePair(s(i - 1), s(i)) Then GetUTF16SurrogatePairCount += 1
Next
End Function
Function GetCharacterLength_FromUTF16(s As String) As Integer
Return GetUTF16CodeUnitsLength(s) - GetUTF16SurrogatePairCount(s)
End Function
Function GetCharacterLength_FromUTF32(s As String) As Integer
Return GetByteLength(s, Text.Encoding.UTF32) \ 4
End Function
End Module</syntaxhighlight>
====Grapheme Length====
<code>System.Globalization.StringInfo</code> provides a means of enumerating the text elements of a string, where each "text element" is a Unicode grapheme.
<syntaxhighlight lang="vbnet">Module GraphemeLength
' Wraps an IEnumerator, allowing it to be used as an IEnumerable.
Private Iterator Function AsEnumerable(enumerator As IEnumerator) As IEnumerable
Do While enumerator.MoveNext()
Yield enumerator.Current
Loop
End Function
Function GraphemeCount(s As String) As Integer
Dim elements = Globalization.StringInfo.GetTextElementEnumerator(s)
Return AsEnumerable(elements).OfType(Of String).Count()
End Function
End Module</syntaxhighlight>
====Test Code====
The compiler constant <code>PRINT_TESTCASE</code> toggles whether to write the contents of each test case to the console; disable for inputs that may mess with the console.
<syntaxhighlight lang="vbnet">#Const PRINT_TESTCASE = True
Module Program
ReadOnly TestCases As String() =
{
"Hello, world!",
"møøse",
"𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢", ' String normalization of the file makes the e and diacritic in é̲ one character, so use VB's char "escapes"
$"J{ChrW(&H332)}o{ChrW(&H332)}s{ChrW(&H332)}e{ChrW(&H301)}{ChrW(&H332)}"
}
Sub Main()
Const INDENT = " "
Console.OutputEncoding = Text.Encoding.Unicode
Dim writeResult = Sub(s As String, result As Integer) Console.WriteLine("{0}{1,-20}{2}", INDENT, s, result)
For i = 0 To TestCases.Length - 1
Dim c = TestCases(i)
Console.Write("Test case " & i)
#If PRINT_TESTCASE Then
Console.WriteLine(": " & c)
#Else
Console.WriteLine()
#End If
writeResult("graphemes", GraphemeCount(c))
writeResult("UTF-16 units", GetUTF16CodeUnitsLength(c))
writeResult("Cd pts from UTF-16", GetCharacterLength_FromUTF16(c))
writeResult("Cd pts from UTF-32", GetCharacterLength_FromUTF32(c))
Console.WriteLine()
writeResult("bytes (UTF-8)", GetByteLength(c, Text.Encoding.UTF8))
writeResult("bytes (UTF-16)", GetByteLength(c, Text.Encoding.Unicode))
writeResult("bytes (UTF-32)", GetByteLength(c, Text.Encoding.UTF32))
Console.WriteLine()
Next
End Sub
End Module</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<code>graphemes</code> corresponds to Grapheme Length in the task description, and either <code>Cd pts</code> value corresponds with Character Length. Byte lengths are given for three Unicode encodings.
Note that the byte length in UTF-16 is always twice the length of a string due to .NET strings using UTF-16.
<pre>Test case 0: Hello, world!
graphemes 13
UTF-16 units 13
Cd pts from UTF-16 13
Cd pts from UTF-32 13
bytes (UTF-8) 13
bytes (UTF-16) 26
bytes (UTF-32) 52
Test case 1: møøse
graphemes 5
UTF-16 units 5
Cd pts from UTF-16 5
Cd pts from UTF-32 5
bytes (UTF-8) 7
bytes (UTF-16) 10
bytes (UTF-32) 20
Test case 2: 𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢
graphemes 7
UTF-16 units 14
Cd pts from UTF-16 7
Cd pts from UTF-32 7
bytes (UTF-8) 28
bytes (UTF-16) 28
bytes (UTF-32) 28
Test case 3: J̲o̲s̲é̲
graphemes 4
UTF-16 units 9
Cd pts from UTF-16 9
Cd pts from UTF-32 9
bytes (UTF-8) 14
bytes (UTF-16) 18
bytes (UTF-32) 36
</pre>+
=={{header|V (Vlang)}}==
{{trans|go}}
====Byte Length====
<syntaxhighlight lang="v (vlang)">fn main() {
m := "møøse"
u := "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢"
j := "J̲o̲s̲é̲"
println("$m.len $m ${m.bytes()}")
println("$u.len $u ${u.bytes()}")
println("$j.len $j ${j.bytes()}")
}</syntaxhighlight>
Output:
<pre>
7 møøse [m, 0xc3, 0xb8, 0xc3, 0xb8, s, e]
28 𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢 [0xf0, 0x9d, 0x94, 0x98, 0xf0, 0x9d, 0x94, 0xab, 0xf0, 0x9d, 0x94, 0xa6, 0xf0, 0x9d, 0x94, 0xa0, 0xf0, 0x9d, 0x94, 0xac, 0xf0, 0x9d, 0x94, 0xa1, 0xf0, 0x9d, 0x94, 0xa2]
13 J̲o̲s̲é̲ [J, 0xcc, 0xb2, o, 0xcc, 0xb2, s, 0xcc, 0xb2, 0xc3, 0xa9, 0xcc, 0xb2]
</pre>
====Character Length====
<syntaxhighlight lang="v (vlang)">fn main() {
m := "møøse"
u := "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢"
j := "J̲o̲s̲é̲"
println("$m.runes().len $m ${m.runes()}")
println("$u.runes().len $u ${u.runes()}")
println("$j.runes().len $j ${j.runes()}")
}</syntaxhighlight>
Output:
<pre>
5 møøse [`m`, `ø`, `ø`, `s`, `e`]
7 𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢 [`𝔘`, `𝔫`, `𝔦`, `𝔠`, `𝔬`, `𝔡`, `𝔢`]
8 J̲o̲s̲é̲ [`J`, `̲`, `o`, `̲`, `s`, `̲`, `é`, `̲`]
</pre>
=={{header|Wren}}==
===Byte Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="wren">System.print("møøse".bytes.count)
System.print("𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢".bytes.count)
System.print("J̲o̲s̲é̲".bytes.count)</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>
7
28
13
</pre>
===Character Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="wren">System.print("møøse".count)
System.print("𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢".count)
System.print("J̲o̲s̲é̲".count)</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>
5
7
8
</pre>
===Grapheme Length===
{{libheader|Wren-upc}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="wren">import "./upc" for Graphemes
System.print(Graphemes.clusterCount("møøse"))
System.print(Graphemes.clusterCount("𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢"))
System.print(Graphemes.clusterCount("J̲o̲s̲é̲"))</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>
5
7
4
</pre>
=={{header|x86 Assembly}}==
===Byte Length===
The following code uses AT&T syntax and was tested using AS (the portable GNU assembler) under Linux.
<syntaxhighlight lang="x86 assembly">
.data
string: .asciz "Test"
.text
.globl main
main:
pushl %ebp
movl %esp, %ebp
pushl %edi
xorb %al, %al
movl $-1, %ecx
movl $string, %edi
cld
repne scasb
not %ecx
dec %ecx
popl %edi
;; string length is stored in %ecx register
leave
ret
</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|XPL0}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="xpl0">include c:\cxpl\stdlib;
IntOut(0, StrLen("Character length = Byte length = String length = "))</syntaxhighlight>
Output:
<pre>
49
</pre>
=={{header|XSLT}}==
===Character Length===
...
=={{header|xTalk}}==
{{works with|HyperCard}}{{works with|LiveCode}}
===Char Length===
Note: That older Xtalk languages such as HyperCard's HyperTalk did not support non-ASCII characters natively.
LiveCode fully supports multi-byte Unicode characters since version 7. See the LiveCode section for more information.
<syntaxhighlight lang="xtalk">put the length of "Hello World" </syntaxhighlight>
or
<syntaxhighlight lang="xtalk">put the number of characters in "Hello World" -- 'chars' short for characters is also valid</syntaxhighlight>
===Byte Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="livecode">put the number of bytes in "Hello World" -- use byte keyword in LiveCode for multi-byte Unicode</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Yorick}}==
===Character Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="yorick">strlen("Hello, world!")</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|Z80 Assembly}}==
The majority of Z80-based hardware predates Unicode so only byte length will be demonstrated for now.
===Byte Length===
Code is called as a subroutine, i.e. <code>CALL getStringLength</code>.
<syntaxhighlight lang="z80">; input: HL - pointer to the 0th char of a string.
; outputs length to B. HL will point to the last character in the string just before the terminator.
; length is one-indexed and does not include the terminator. A null string will return 0 in B.
; "Terminator" is a label for a constant that can be configured in the source code. My code uses 0.
; Sample Usage:
; ld hl,MyString
; call GetStringLength
GetStringLength:
ld b,0
loop_getStringLength:
ld a,(hl) ;load the next char
cp Terminator ;is it the terminator?
ret z ;if so, exit.
inc hl ;next char
inc b ;increment the byte count
jr loop_getStringLength</syntaxhighlight>
=={{header|zkl}}==
Although zkl handles 8 bit ASCII natively, it also knows UTF-8 up to 6 bytes. In a string, "\uabcd" (hex) and "\U???;" encode 2 and n byte UTF-8 Unicode characters. It does not handle UTF-16 or 4 byte Unicode. It also knows about the bad spots in UTF-8 (such as overlongs).
If your terminal/editor deals with UTF-8 (mine doesn't), you don't need to use the escapes, just put the unicode characters in quotes (ie the editor inserts UTF bytes, which are non zero).
===Character Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="zkl">"abc".len() //-->3
"\ufeff\u00A2 \u20ac".len() //-->9 "BOM¢ €"</syntaxhighlight>
===Byte Length===
<syntaxhighlight lang="zkl">"abc".len() //-->3
"\ufeff\u00A2 \u20ac".len() //-->9
Data(0,Int,"\ufeff\u00A2 \u20ac") //-->Data(9) (bytes)
"J\u0332o\u0332s\u0332e\u0301\u0332".len() //-->14
"\U1D518;\U1D52B;\U1D526;\U1D520;\U1D52C;\U1D521;\U1D522;".len() //-->28</syntaxhighlight>
===Character Length===
UTF-8 characters are counted, modifiers (such as underscore) are counted as separate characters.
<syntaxhighlight lang="zkl">"abc".len(8) //-->3
"\ufeff\u00A2 \u20ac".len(8) //-->4 "BOM¢ €"
"\U1000;".len(8) //-->Exception thrown: ValueError(Invalid UTF-8 string)
"\uD800" //-->SyntaxError : Line 2: Bad Unicode constant (\uD800-\uDFFF)
"J\u0332o\u0332s\u0332e\u0301\u0332".len(8) //-->9 "J̲o̲s̲é̲"
"\U1D518;\U1D52B;\U1D526;\U1D520;\U1D52C;\U1D521;\U1D522;".len(8) //-->7 "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢"</syntaxhighlight>
[[Wikipedia::https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_programming_languages_%28string_functions%29#length]]
=={{header|Zig}}==
<syntaxhighlight lang="zig">const std = @import("std");
fn printResults(alloc: std.mem.Allocator, string: []const u8) !void {
const cnt_codepts_utf8 = try std.unicode.utf8CountCodepoints(string);
// There is no sane and portable extended ascii, so the best
// we get is counting the bytes and assume regular ascii.
const cnt_bytes_utf8 = string.len;
const stdout_wr = std.io.getStdOut().writer();
try stdout_wr.print("utf8 codepoints = {d}, bytes = {d}\n", .{ cnt_codepts_utf8, cnt_bytes_utf8 });
const utf16str = try std.unicode.utf8ToUtf16LeWithNull(alloc, string);
const cnt_codepts_utf16 = try std.unicode.utf16CountCodepoints(utf16str);
const cnt_2bytes_utf16 = try std.unicode.calcUtf16LeLen(string);
try stdout_wr.print("utf16 codepoints = {d}, bytes = {d}\n", .{ cnt_codepts_utf16, 2 * cnt_2bytes_utf16 });
}
pub fn main() !void {
var arena_instance = std.heap.ArenaAllocator.init(std.heap.page_allocator);
defer arena_instance.deinit();
const arena = arena_instance.allocator();
const string1: []const u8 = "Hello, world!";
try printResults(arena, string1);
const string2: []const u8 = "møøse";
try printResults(arena, string2);
const string3: []const u8 = "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢";
try printResults(arena, string3);
// \u{332} is underscore of previous character, which the browser may not
// copy correctly
const string4: []const u8 = "J\u{332}o\u{332}s\u{332}e\u{301}\u{332}";
try printResults(arena, string4);
}</syntaxhighlight>
{{out}}
<pre>
utf8 codepoints = 13, bytes = 13
utf16 codepoints = 13, bytes = 26
utf8 codepoints = 5, bytes = 7
utf16 codepoints = 5, bytes = 10
utf8 codepoints = 7, bytes = 28
utf16 codepoints = 7, bytes = 28
utf8 codepoints = 9, bytes = 14
utf16 codepoints = 9, bytes = 18
</pre>
| |||