OpenGL
From Rosetta Code
You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know.
You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know.
Contents |
[edit] AutoHotkey
hOpenGL32 := DllCall("LoadLibrary", "Str", "opengl32")
Gui, +LastFound +Resize
hDC := DllCall("GetDC", "uInt", WinExist())
VarSetCapacity(pfd, 40, 0)
NumPut(40, pfd, 0, "uShort")
NumPut(1, pfd, 2, "uShort")
NumPut(37, pfd, 4, "uInt")
NumPut(24, pfd, 9, "uChar")
NumPut(16, pfd, 23, "uChar")
DllCall("SetPixelFormat", "uInt", hDC, "uInt", DllCall("ChoosePixelFormat", "uInt", hDC, "uInt", &pfd), "uInt", &pfd)
hRC := DllCall("opengl32\wglCreateContext", "uInt", hDC)
DllCall("opengl32\wglMakeCurrent", "uInt", hDC, "uInt", hRC)
Gui, Show, w640 h480, Triangle
OnExit, ExitSub
SetTimer, Paint, 50
return
Paint:
DllCall("opengl32\glClearColor", "Float", 0.3, "Float", 0.3, "Float", 0.3, "Float", 0)
DllCall("opengl32\glClear", "uInt", 0x4100) ;GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT
DllCall("opengl32\glShadeModel", "uInt", 0x1D01) ;GL_SMOOTH
DllCall("opengl32\glLoadIdentity")
DllCall("opengl32\glTranslatef", "Float", -15, "Float", -15, "Float", 0)
DllCall("opengl32\glBegin", "uInt", 0x0004) ;GL_TRIANGLES
DllCall("opengl32\glColor3f", "Float", 1, "Float", 0, "Float", 0)
DllCall("opengl32\glVertex2f", "Float", 0, "Float", 0)
DllCall("opengl32\glColor3f", "Float", 0, "Float", 1, "Float", 0)
DllCall("opengl32\glVertex2f", "Float", 30, "Float", 0)
DllCall("opengl32\glColor3f", "Float", 0, "Float", 0, "Float", 1)
DllCall("opengl32\glVertex2f", "Float", 0, "Float", 30)
DllCall("opengl32\glEnd")
DllCall("SwapBuffers", "uInt", hDC)
return
GuiSize:
DllCall("opengl32\glViewport", "Int", 0, "Int", 0, "Int", A_GuiWidth, "Int", A_GuiHeight)
DllCall("opengl32\glMatrixMode", "uInt", 0x1701) ;GL_PROJECTION
DllCall("opengl32\glLoadIdentity")
DllCall("opengl32\glOrtho", "Double", -30, "Double", 30, "Double", -30, "Double", 30, "Double", -30, "Double", 30)
DllCall("opengl32\glMatrixMode", "uInt", 0x1700) ;GL_MODELVIEW
return
GuiClose:
ExitApp
ExitSub:
DllCall("opengl32\wglMakeCurrent", "uInt", 0, "uInt", 0)
DllCall("opengl32\wglDeleteContext", "uInt", hRC)
DllCall("ReleaseDC", "uInt", hDC)
DllCall("FreeLibrary", "uInt", hOpenGL32)
ExitApp
[edit] C
Library: GLUT
In this example, we use GLUT to create a window and handle the main loop in a portable way. Windowing systems like MS Windows and X11 have their own platform-specific ways of handling these things.
#include<GL/gl.h>
#include<GL/glut.h>
void paint(void)
{
glClearColor(0.3,0.3,0.3,0.0);
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT|GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH);
glLoadIdentity();
glTranslatef(-15.0, -15.0, 0.0);
glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES);
glColor3f(1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
glVertex2f(0.0, 0.0);
glColor3f(0.0, 1.0, 0.0);
glVertex2f(30.0, 0.0);
glColor3f(0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
glVertex2f(0.0, 30.0);
glEnd();
glFlush();
}
void reshape(int width, int height)
{
glViewport(0, 0, width, height);
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity();
glOrtho(-30.0, 30.0, -30.0, 30.0, -30.0, 30.0);
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
glutInit(&argc, argv);
glutInitWindowSize(640, 480);
glutCreateWindow("Triangle");
glutDisplayFunc(paint);
glutReshapeFunc(reshape);
glutMainLoop();
return 0;
}
[edit] C#
C# example using the OpenTK library, which is multiplatform and provides C# OpenGL bindings for .Net and Mono. This code creates it's own window and draws the triangle into it.
using OpenTK;
using OpenTK.Graphics;
namespace OpenGLTest
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
//Create the OpenGL window
GameWindow window = new GameWindow(640, 480, GraphicsMode.Default, "OpenGL Example");
GL.MatrixMode(MatrixMode.Projection);
GL.LoadIdentity();
GL.Ortho(-30.0, 30.0, -30.0, 30.0, -30.0, 30.0);
GL.MatrixMode(MatrixMode.Modelview);
//Add event handler to render to the window when called
window.RenderFrame += new RenderFrameEvent(a_RenderFrame);
//Starts the window's updating/rendering events
window.Run();
}
static void a_RenderFrame(GameWindow sender, RenderFrameEventArgs e)
{
GL.ClearColor(0.3f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 0f);
GL.Clear(ClearBufferMask.ColorBufferBit | ClearBufferMask.DepthBufferBit);
GL.ShadeModel(ShadingModel.Smooth);
GL.LoadIdentity();
GL.Translate(-15.0f, -15.0f, 0.0f);
GL.Begin(BeginMode.Triangles);
GL.Color3(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
GL.Vertex2(0.0f, 0.0f);
GL.Color3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
GL.Vertex2(30f, 0.0f);
GL.Color3(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
GL.Vertex2(0.0f, 30.0f);
GL.End();
//Swaps the buffers on the window so that what we draw becomes visible
sender.SwapBuffers();
}
}
}
[edit] Clojure
Library: Penumbra
In this example, we use Penumbra, which is an idiomatic wrapper for OpenGL.
(use 'penumbra.opengl)
(require '[penumbra.app :as app])
(defn init [state]
(app/title! "Triangle")
(clear-color 0.3 0.3 0.3 0)
(shade-model :smooth)
state)
(defn reshape [[x y w h] state]
(ortho-view -30 30 -30 30 -30 30)
(load-identity)
(translate -15 -15)
state)
(defn display [[dt time] state]
(draw-triangles
(color 1 0 0) (vertex 0 0)
(color 0 1 0) (vertex 30 0)
(color 0 0 1) (vertex 0 30)))
(app/start {:display display, :reshape reshape, :init init} {})
[edit] D
Works with: GDC
Works with: DMD
Library: dglut opengl_sample.d:
module opengl_sample; // file name + directory
import dglut.core, dglut.window, dglut.opengl;
void main() {
with (new Canvas) {
setName("Triangle");
map;
onResize = (Canvas self) { // A delegate literal that takes a parameter.
with (self) glViewport(0, 0, width, height);
MatrixMode.Projection.Identity; // For functions without parameters, the () can be omitted.
glOrtho(-30, 30, -30, 30, -30, 30);
MatrixMode.Modelview;
};
onDisplay=(Canvas self) {
scope(exit) self.swap; // Scope guards ease exception-safe programming
glClearColor(0.3f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 0f);
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
glLoadIdentity;
// A convenience wrapper around glTranslatef. Supports numbers, arrays and vectors.
Translate(-15, -15, 0);
// This is a delegate literal as well. Triangles is a wrapper around glBegin and glEnd.
Triangles = {
Color(1f, 0f, 0f); Vertex(0, 0);
Color(0f, 1f, 0f); Vertex(30, 0);
Color(0f, 0f, 1f); Vertex(0, 30);
};
};
}
loop;
}
[edit] Factor
Translated from C
USING: kernel math math.rectangles opengl.gl sequences ui
ui.gadgets ui.render ;
IN: rosettacode.opengl
TUPLE: triangle-gadget < gadget ;
: reshape ( width height -- )
[ 0 0 ] 2dip glViewport
GL_PROJECTION glMatrixMode
glLoadIdentity
-30.0 30.0 -30.0 30.0 -30.0 30.0 glOrtho
GL_MODELVIEW glMatrixMode ;
: paint ( -- )
0.3 0.3 0.3 0.0 glClearColor
GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT bitor glClear
GL_SMOOTH glShadeModel
glLoadIdentity
-15.0 -15.0 0.0 glTranslatef
GL_TRIANGLES glBegin
1.0 0.0 0.0 glColor3f 0.0 0.0 glVertex2f
0.0 1.0 0.0 glColor3f 30.0 0.0 glVertex2f
0.0 0.0 1.0 glColor3f 0.0 30.0 glVertex2f
glEnd
glFlush ;
M: triangle-gadget pref-dim* drop { 640 480 } ;
M: triangle-gadget draw-gadget*
rect-bounds nip first2 reshape paint ;
: triangle-window ( -- )
[ triangle-gadget new "Triangle" open-window ] with-ui ;
MAIN: triangle-window
[edit] Forth
Works with: bigFORTH Library: MINOS Library: Theseus triangle.fs:
import glconst import float
glconst also float also opengl also
triangle.m:
#! xbigforth
\ automatic generated code
\ do not edit
also editor also minos also forth
include triangle.fs
component class triangle
public:
early widget
early open
early dialog
early open-app
( [varstart] ) ( [varend] )
how:
: open new DF[ 0 ]DF s" Triangle" open-component ;
: dialog new DF[ 0 ]DF s" Triangle" open-dialog ;
: open-app new DF[ 0 ]DF s" Triangle" open-application ;
class;
triangle implements
( [methodstart] ) ( [methodend] )
: widget ( [dumpstart] )
GL[ ^ glcanvas with
0 0 w @ h @ glViewport
GL_PROJECTION glMatrixMode
glLoadIdentity
-30e 30e -30e 30e -30e 30e glOrtho
GL_MODELVIEW glMatrixMode
0.3e 0.3e 0.3e 0.0e glClearColor
GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT or glClear
GL_SMOOTH glShadeModel
glLoadIdentity
-15e -15e 0e glTranslatef
GL_TRIANGLES glBegin
1e 0e 0e glColor3f
0e 0e glVertex2f
0e 1e 0e glColor3f
30e 0e glVertex2f
0e 0e 1e glColor3f
0e 30e glVertex2f
glEnd
glFlush
endwith ]GL ( MINOS ) ^^ CK[ ( x y b n -- ) 2drop 2drop ]CK ( MINOS ) $280 $1 *hfil $1E0 $1 *vfil glcanvas new
&1 vabox new
( [dumpend] ) ;
: init ^>^^ assign widget 1 :: init ;
class;
: main
triangle open-app
$1 0 ?DO stop LOOP bye ;
script? [IF] main [THEN]
previous previous previous
[edit] Haskell
import Graphics.Rendering.OpenGL
import Graphics.UI.GLUT
main = do
getArgsAndInitialize
createWindow "Triangle"
displayCallback $= display
matrixMode $= Projection
loadIdentity
ortho2D 0 30 0 30
matrixMode $= Modelview 0
mainLoop
display = do
clear [ColorBuffer]
renderPrimitive Triangles $ do
corner 1 0 0 5 5
corner 0 1 0 25 5
corner 0 0 1 5 25
swapBuffers
corner r g b x y = do color (Color3 r g b :: Color3 GLfloat)
vertex (Vertex2 x y :: Vertex2 GLfloat)
[edit] J
coclass 'example'
(coinsert[require) 'jzopengl'
create=:3 :0
ogl=: ''conew'jzopengl'
wd 'pc p;cc c isigraph opengl rightmove bottommove;pas 0 0;pshow;'
)
p_close=: destroy=:3 :0
destroy__ogl''
wd'pclose'
codestroy''
)
corner=:4 :0
glColor3d x
glVertex2d y
)
p_c_paint=:3 :0
rc__ogl''
glClear GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT
glBegin GL_TRIANGLES
1 0 0 corner 0 0-0.5
0 1 0 corner 1 0-0.5
0 0 1 corner 0 1-0.5
glEnd''
show__ogl''
)
conew~'example'
Note: OpenGL's initial state is well defined by the OpenGL standard.
[edit] MAXScript
The choice of OpenGL or D3D in MAX is a user configuration setting. All MAXScript code is platform independent.
newMesh = mesh numVerts:3 numFaces:1
setMesh newMesh vertices:#([-100, -100, 0], [100, -100, 0], [-100, 100, 0]) faces:#([1, 2, 3])
defaultVCFaces newMesh
setVertColor newMesh 1 red
setVertColor newMesh 2 green
setVertColor newMesh 3 blue
setCVertMode newMesh true
update newMesh
viewport.setType #view_top
max tool maximize
viewport.SetRenderLevel #smoothhighlights
[edit] OCaml
Library: glMLite
open GL
open Glut
let display() =
glClearColor 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.0;
glClear[GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT; GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT];
glShadeModel GL_SMOOTH;
glLoadIdentity();
glTranslate (-15.0) (-15.0) (0.0);
glBegin GL_TRIANGLES;
glColor3 1.0 0.0 0.0;
glVertex2 0.0 0.0;
glColor3 0.0 1.0 0.0;
glVertex2 30.0 0.0;
glColor3 0.0 0.0 1.0;
glVertex2 0.0 30.0;
glEnd();
glFlush();
;;
let reshape ~width ~height =
glViewport 0 0 width height;
glMatrixMode GL_PROJECTION;
glLoadIdentity();
glOrtho(-30.0) 30.0 (-30.0) 30.0 (-30.0) 30.0;
glMatrixMode GL_MODELVIEW;
;;
let () =
ignore(glutInit Sys.argv);
glutInitWindowSize 640 480;
ignore(glutCreateWindow "Triangle");
glutDisplayFunc ~display;
glutReshapeFunc ~reshape;
glutMainLoop();
;;
[edit] Perl
use OpenGL;
sub triangle {
glBegin GL_TRIANGLES;
glColor3f 1.0, 0.0, 0.0;
glVertex2f 5.0, 5.0;
glColor3f 0.0, 1.0, 0.0;
glVertex2f 25.0, 5.0;
glColor3f 0.0, 0.0, 1.0;
glVertex2f 5.0, 25.0;
glEnd;
};
glpOpenWindow;
glMatrixMode GL_PROJECTION;
glLoadIdentity;
gluOrtho2D 0.0, 30.0, 0.0, 30.0;
glMatrixMode GL_MODELVIEW;
glClear GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT;
triangle;
glpFlush;
glpMainLoop;
Library: SDL
use SDL::App;
use SDL::Event;
use SDL::OpenGL;
$app = SDL::App->new(
-gl => 1,
);
sub triangle {
glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES);
glColor(1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
glVertex(5.0, 5.0);
glColor(0.0, 1.0, 0.0);
glVertex(25.0, 5.0);
glColor(0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
glVertex(5.0, 25.0);
glEnd();
}
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity();
gluOrtho2D(0.0, 30.0, 0.0, 30.0);
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
triangle();
$app->sync;
$app->loop ({
SDL_QUIT() => sub { exit; },
});
[edit] Python
#-*- coding: utf8 -*-
from OpenGL.GL import *
from OpenGL.GLUT import *
def paint():
glClearColor(0.3,0.3,0.3,0.0)
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT|GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)
glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH)
glLoadIdentity()
glTranslatef(-15.0, -15.0, 0.0)
glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES)
glColor3f(1.0, 0.0, 0.0)
glVertex2f(0.0, 0.0)
glColor3f(0.0, 1.0, 0.0)
glVertex2f(30.0, 0.0)
glColor3f(0.0, 0.0, 1.0)
glVertex2f(0.0, 30.0)
glEnd()
glFlush()
def reshape(width, height):
glViewport(0, 0, width, height)
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION)
glLoadIdentity()
glOrtho(-30.0, 30.0, -30.0, 30.0, -30.0, 30.0)
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW)
if __name__ == '__main__':
glutInit(1, 1)
glutInitWindowSize(640, 480)
glutCreateWindow("Triangle")
glutDisplayFunc(paint)
glutReshapeFunc(reshape)
glutMainLoop()
[edit] R
Library: rgl
library(rgl)
x <- c(-1, -1, 1)
y <- c(0, -1, -1)
z <- c(0, 0, 0)
M <- cbind(x,y,z)
rgl.bg(color="gray15")
triangles3d(M, col=rainbow(8))
[edit] Ruby
Library: ruby-opengl
require 'rubygems'
require 'gl'
require 'glut'
include Gl
include Glut
paint = lambda do
glClearColor(0.3,0.3,0.3,0.0)
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)
glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH)
glLoadIdentity
glTranslatef(-15.0, -15.0, 0.0)
glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES)
glColor3f(1.0, 0.0, 0.0)
glVertex2f(0.0, 0.0)
glColor3f(0.0, 1.0, 0.0)
glVertex2f(30.0, 0.0)
glColor3f(0.0, 0.0, 1.0)
glVertex2f(0.0, 30.0)
glEnd
glFlush
end
reshape = lambda do |width, height|
glViewport(0, 0, width, height)
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION)
glLoadIdentity
glOrtho(-30.0, 30.0, -30.0, 30.0, -30.0, 30.0)
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW)
end
glutInit
glutInitWindowSize(640, 480)
glutCreateWindow("Triangle")
glutDisplayFunc(paint)
glutReshapeFunc(reshape)
glutMainLoop
[edit] Tcl
Library: Tk Also requires the tcl3d package.
package require TkMost of this code should be very familiar to anyone looking at the C version above, or with normal Tk applications.
package require tcl3d
proc resizedWin {win w h} {
glViewport 0 0 $w $h
glMatrixMode GL_PROJECTION
glLoadIdentity
glOrtho -30.0 30.0 -30.0 30.0 -30.0 30.0
glMatrixMode GL_MODELVIEW
}
proc paintShape {win} {
glClearColor 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5
glClear [expr {$::GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT+$::GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT}]
glShadeModel GL_SMOOTH
glLoadIdentity
glTranslatef -15.0 -15.0 0.0
glBegin GL_TRIANGLES
glColor3f 1.0 0.0 0.0
glVertex2f 5.0 5.0
glColor3f 0.0 1.0 0.0
glVertex2f 25.0 5.0
glColor3f 0.0 0.0 1.0
glVertex2f 5.0 25.0
glEnd
$win swapbuffers
}
togl .surface -width 640 -height 480 -double true -depth true \
-displayproc paintShape -reshapeproc resizedWin
pack .surface -fill both -expand 1
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