Multidimensional Newton-Raphson method: Difference between revisions

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m (→‎{{header|Raku}}: Fix code: Perl 6 --> Raku)
m (→‎{{header|Wren}}: Minor tidy and corrected a previous copy/paste error.)
 
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=={{header|C sharp|C#}}==
For matrix inversion and matrix and vector definitions - see C# source from [[Gaussian elimination]]
<langsyntaxhighlight lang="csharp">
using System;
 
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}
}
</syntaxhighlight>
</lang>
<langsyntaxhighlight lang="csharp">
using System;
 
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}
}
</syntaxhighlight>
</lang>
{{out}}<pre>
2.54258545959024
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<br>
We follow the Kotlin example of coding our own matrix methods rather than using a third party library.
<langsyntaxhighlight lang="go">package main
 
import (
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sol = solve(fs, jacob, guesses)
fmt.Printf("Approximate solutions are x = %.7f, y = %.7f, z = %.7f\n", sol[0], sol[1], sol[2])
}</langsyntaxhighlight>
 
{{out}}
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=={{header|Julia}}==
NLsolve is a Julia package for nonlinear systems of equations, with the Newton-Raphson method one of the choices for solvers.
<langsyntaxhighlight lang="julia"># from the NLSolve documentation: to solve
# (x, y) -> ((x+3)*(y^3-7)+18, sin(y*exp(x)-1))
using NLsolve
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println(nlsolve(f!, j!, [ 0.1; 1.2], method = :newton))
</langsyntaxhighlight>{{out}}
<pre>
Results of Nonlinear Solver Algorithm
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As neither the JDK nor the Kotlin Standard Library have matrix functions built in, most of the functions used have been taken from other tasks.
<langsyntaxhighlight lang="scala">// Version 1.2.31
 
import kotlin.math.abs
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val (xx2, yy2, zz2) = solve(funcs2, jacobian2, guesses2)
System.out.printf("Approximate solutions are x = %.7f, y = %.7f, z = %.7f\n", xx2, yy2, zz2)
}</langsyntaxhighlight>
 
{{out}}
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Approximate solutions are x = 0.8936282, y = 0.8945270, z = -0.0400893
</pre>
 
=={{header|Nim}}==
{{trans|Kotlin}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="nim">import sequtils, strformat, sugar
 
type
Vector = seq[float]
Matrix = seq[Vector]
Func = (Vector) -> float
Funcs = seq[Func]
Jacobian = seq[Funcs]
 
 
func `*`(m1, m2: Matrix): Matrix =
let
rows1 = m1.len
cols1 = m1[0].len
rows2 = m2.len
cols2 = m2[0].len
doAssert cols1 == rows2
result = newSeqWith(rows1, newSeq[float](cols2))
for i in 0..<rows1:
for j in 0..<cols2:
for k in 0..<rows2:
result[i][j] += m1[i][k] * m2[k][j]
 
 
func `-`(m1, m2: Matrix): Matrix =
let
rows = m1.len
cols = m1[0].len
doAssert m2.len == rows and m2[0].len == cols
result = newSeqWith(rows, newSeq[float](cols))
for i in 0..<rows:
for j in 0..<cols:
result[i][j] = m1[i][j] - m2[i][j]
 
 
func transposed(m: Matrix): Matrix =
let
rows = m.len
cols = m[0].len
result = newSeqWith(cols, newSeq[float](rows))
for i in 0..<cols:
for j in 0..<rows:
result[i][j] = m[j][i]
 
 
func toReducedRowEchelonForm(m: var Matrix) =
var lead = 0
let rowCount = m.len
let colCount = m[0].len
for r in 0..<rowCount:
if colCount <= lead: return
var i = r
 
while m[i][lead] == 0:
inc i
if rowCount == i:
i = r
inc lead
if colCount == lead: return
 
swap m[i], m[r]
 
if m[r][lead] != 0:
let divisor = m[r][lead]
for j in 0..<colCount: m[r][j] /= divisor
 
for k in 0..<rowCount:
if k != r:
let mult = m[k][lead]
for j in 0..<colCount: m[k][j] -= m[r][j] * mult
 
inc lead
 
 
func inverse(m: Matrix): Matrix =
let size = m.len
doAssert m.allIt(it.len == size), "not a square matrix."
var aug = newSeqWith(size, newSeq[float](2 * size))
for i in 0..<size:
for j in 0..<size: aug[i][j] = m[i][j]
# Augment by identity matrix to right.
aug[i][i + size] = 1
aug.toReducedRowEchelonForm()
result = newSeqWith(size, newSeq[float](size))
# Remove identity matrix to left.
for i in 0..<size:
for j in 0..<size: result[i][j] = aug[i][j + size]
 
 
proc solve(funcs: Funcs; jacobian: Jacobian; guesses: Vector): Vector =
let size = funcs.len
result = guesses
var jac = newSeqWith(size, newSeq[float](size))
const Tol = 1e-8
let MaxIter = 12
var iter = 1
while true:
let gu = move(result)
let g = transposed(@[gu])
let f = transposed(@[funcs.mapIt(it(gu))])
for i in 0..<size:
for j in 0..<size:
jac[i][j] = jacobian[i][j](gu)
let g1 = g - inverse(jac) * f
result = g1.mapIt(it[0])
inc iter
if iter > MaxIter: break
var exit = true
for idx, val in result:
if abs(val - gu[idx]) > Tol:
exit = false
break
if exit: break
 
 
when isMainModule:
 
#[ Solve the two non-linear equations:
y = -x^2 + x + 0.5
y + 5xy = x^2
given initial guesses of x = y = 1.2
 
Example taken from:
http://www.fixoncloud.com/Home/LoginValidate/OneProblemComplete_Detailed.php?problemid=286
 
Expected results: x = 1.23332, y = 0.2122
]#
 
let
f1: Func = (x: Vector) => -x[0] * x[0] + x[0] + 0.5 - x[1]
f2: Func = (x: Vector) => x[1] + 5 * x[0] * x[1] - x[0] * x[0]
funcs1: Funcs = @[f1, f2]
jacobian1: Jacobian = @[@[Func((x: Vector) => - 2 * x[0] + 1),
Func((x: Vector) => -1.0)],
@[Func((x: Vector) => 5 * x[1] - 2 * x[0]),
Func((x: Vector) => 1 + 5 * x[0])]]
 
guesses1 = @[1.2, 1.2]
sol1 = solve(funcs1, jacobian1, guesses1)
echo &"Approximate solutions are x = {sol1[0]:.7f}, y = {sol1[1]:.7f}"
 
#[ Solve the three non-linear equations:
9x^2 + 36y^2 + 4z^2 - 36 = 0
x^2 - 2y^2 - 20z = 0
x^2 - y^2 + z^2 = 0
given initial guesses of x = y = 1.0 and z = 0.0
 
Example taken from:
http://mathfaculty.fullerton.edu/mathews/n2003/FixPointNewtonMod.html (exercise 5)
 
Expected results: x = 0.893628, y = 0.894527, z = -0.0400893
]#
 
echo()
let
f3: Func = (x: Vector) => 9 * x[0] * x[0] + 36 * x[1] * x[1] + 4 * x[2] * x[2] - 36
f4: Func = (x: Vector) => x[0] * x[0] - 2 * x[1] * x[1] - 20 * x[2]
f5: Func = (x: Vector) => x[0] * x[0] - x[1] * x[1] + x[2] * x[2]
funcs2: Funcs = @[f3, f4, f5]
jacobian2: Jacobian = @[@[Func((x: Vector) => 18 * x[0]),
Func((x: Vector) => 72 * x[1]),
Func((x: Vector) => 8 * x[2])],
@[Func((x: Vector) => 2 * x[0]),
Func((x: Vector) => -4 * x[1]),
Func((x: Vector) => -20.0)],
@[Func((x: Vector) => 2 * x[0]),
Func((x: Vector) => -2 * x[1]),
Func((x: Vector) => 2 * x[2])]]
guesses2 = @[1.0, 1.0, 0.0]
sol2 = solve(funcs2, jacobian2, guesses2)
echo &"Approximate solutions are x = {sol2[0]:.7f}, y = {sol2[1]:.7f}, z = {sol2[2]:.7f}"</syntaxhighlight>
 
{{out}}
<pre>Approximate solutions are x = 1.2333178, y = 0.2122450
 
Approximate solutions are x = 0.8936282, y = 0.8945270, z = -0.0400893</pre>
 
=={{header|Phix}}==
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[[Matrix_multiplication#Phix]]<br>
See std distro for a complete runnable version.
<!--<syntaxhighlight lang="phix">(phixonline)-->
<lang Phix>-- demo\rosetta\Multidimensional_Newton-Raphson_method.exw
<span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">-- demo\rosetta\Multidimensional_Newton-Raphson_method.exw</span>
function solve(sequence fs, jacob, guesses)
<span style="color: #008080;">with</span> <span style="color: #008080;">javascript_semantics</span>
integer size := length(fs),
<span style="color: #008080;">function</span> <span style="color: #000000;">solve</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #004080;">sequence</span> <span style="color: #000000;">fs</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">jacob</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">guesses</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
maxIter := 12,
<span style="color: #004080;">integer</span> <span style="color: #000000;">size</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">length</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">fs</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">),</span>
iter := 0
<span style="color: #000000;">maxIter</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">12</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span>
sequence gu1, g, t, f, g1,
<span style="color: #000000;">iter</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">0</span>
gu2 := guesses,
<span style="color: #004080;">sequence</span> <span style="color: #000000;">gu1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">g</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">t</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">f</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">g1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span>
jac := repeat(repeat(0,size),size)
<span style="color: #000000;">gu2</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">guesses</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span>
atom tol := 1e-8
<span style="color: #000000;">jac</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">repeat</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #7060A8;">repeat</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">0</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">size</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">),</span><span style="color: #000000;">size</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
while true do
<span style="color: #004080;">atom</span> <span style="color: #000000;">tol</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">1e-8</span>
gu1 := gu2
<span style="color: #008080;">while</span> <span style="color: #004600;">true</span> <span style="color: #008080;">do</span>
g := matrix_transpose({gu1})
<span style="color: #000000;">gu1</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">:=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">gu2</span>
t := repeat(0, size)
<span style="color: #000000;">g</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">:=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">matrix_transpose</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">({</span><span style="color: #000000;">gu1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">})</span>
for i=1 to size do
<span style="color: #000000;">t</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">:=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">repeat</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">0</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">size</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
t[i] := call_func(fs[i],{gu1})
<span style="color: #008080;">for</span> <span style="color: #000000;">i</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span> <span style="color: #008080;">to</span> <span style="color: #000000;">size</span> <span style="color: #008080;">do</span>
end for
<span style="color: #000000;">t</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">i</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">:=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">call_func</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">fs</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">i</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">],{</span><span style="color: #000000;">gu1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">})</span>
f := matrix_transpose({t})
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">for</span>
for i=1 to size do
<span style="color: #000000;">f</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">:=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">matrix_transpose</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">({</span><span style="color: #000000;">t</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">})</span>
for j=1 to size do
<span style="color: #008080;">for</span> <span style="color: #000000;">i</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span> <span style="color: #008080;">to</span> <span style="color: #000000;">size</span> <span style="color: #008080;">do</span>
jac[i][j] := call_func(jacob[i][j],{gu1})
<span style="color: #008080;">for</span> <span style="color: #000000;">j</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span> <span style="color: #008080;">to</span> <span style="color: #000000;">size</span> <span style="color: #008080;">do</span>
end for
<span style="color: #000000;">jac</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">i</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">][</span><span style="color: #000000;">j</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">]</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">:=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">call_func</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">jacob</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">[</span><span style="color: #000000;">i</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">][</span><span style="color: #000000;">j</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">],{</span><span style="color: #000000;">gu1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">})</span>
end for
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">for</span>
g1 := sq_sub(g,matrix_mul(inverse(jac),f))
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">for</span>
gu2 := vslice(g1,1)
<span style="color: #000000;">g1</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">:=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">sq_sub</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">g</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">matrix_mul</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">inverse</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">jac</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">),</span><span style="color: #000000;">f</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">))</span>
iter += 1
<span style="color: #000000;">gu2</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">:=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">vslice</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">g1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span>
bool any := find(true,sq_gt(sq_sub(sq_abs(gu2),gu1),tol))!=0
<span style="color: #000000;">iter</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">+=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">1</span>
if not any or iter >= maxIter then exit end if
<span style="color: #004080;">bool</span> <span style="color: #000000;">any</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">:=</span> <span style="color: #7060A8;">find</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #004600;">true</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #7060A8;">sq_gt</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #7060A8;">sq_sub</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #7060A8;">sq_abs</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">gu2</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">),</span><span style="color: #000000;">gu1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">),</span><span style="color: #000000;">tol</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">))!=</span><span style="color: #000000;">0</span>
end while
<span style="color: #008080;">if</span> <span style="color: #008080;">not</span> <span style="color: #000000;">any</span> <span style="color: #008080;">or</span> <span style="color: #000000;">iter</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">>=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">maxIter</span> <span style="color: #008080;">then</span> <span style="color: #008080;">exit</span> <span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">if</span>
return gu2
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">while</span>
end function
<span style="color: #008080;">return</span> <span style="color: #000000;">gu2</span>
 
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">function</span>
function f1(sequence v) atom {x,y} = v return -x*x+x+0.5-y end function
function f2(sequence v) atom {x,y} = v return y+5*x*y-x*x end function
function f3(sequence v) atom {x,y,z} = v return 9*x*x+36*y*y+4*z*z-36 end function
function f4(sequence v) atom {x,y,z} = v return x*x-2*y*y-20*z end function
function f5(sequence v) atom {x,y,z} = v return x*x-y*y+z*z end function
 
function j1(sequence v) atom {x} = v return -2*x+1 end function
function j2(sequence /*v*/) return -1 end function
function j3(sequence v) atom {x,y} = v return 5*y-2*x end function
function j4(sequence v) atom {x} = v return 1+5*x end function
function j11(sequence v) atom {x} = v return 18*x end function
function j12(sequence v) atom {?,y} = v return 72*y end function
function j13(sequence v) atom {?,?,z} = v return 8*z end function
function j21(sequence v) atom {x} = v return 2*x end function
function j22(sequence v) atom {?,y} = v return -4*y end function
function j23(sequence /*v*/) return -20 end function
function j31(sequence v) atom {x} = v return 2*x end function
function j32(sequence v) atom {?,y} = v return -2*y end function
function j33(sequence v) atom {?,?,z} = v return 2*z end function
 
procedure main()
sequence fs, jacob, guesses
/*
solve the two non-linear equations:
y = -x^2 + x + 0.5
y + 5xy = x^2
given initial guesses of x = y = 1.2
<span style="color: #008080;">function</span> <span style="color: #000000;">f1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #004080;">sequence</span> <span style="color: #000000;">v</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #004080;">atom</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">{</span><span style="color: #000000;">x</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">y</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">}</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">v</span> <span style="color: #008080;">return</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">-</span><span style="color: #000000;">x</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">*</span><span style="color: #000000;">x</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">+</span><span style="color: #000000;">x</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">+</span><span style="color: #000000;">0.5</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">-</span><span style="color: #000000;">y</span> <span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">function</span>
Example taken from:
<span style="color: #008080;">function</span> <span style="color: #000000;">f2</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #004080;">sequence</span> <span style="color: #000000;">v</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #004080;">atom</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">{</span><span style="color: #000000;">x</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">y</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">}</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">v</span> <span style="color: #008080;">return</span> <span style="color: #000000;">y</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">+</span><span style="color: #000000;">5</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">*</span><span style="color: #000000;">x</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">*</span><span style="color: #000000;">y</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">-</span><span style="color: #000000;">x</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">*</span><span style="color: #000000;">x</span> <span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">function</span>
http://www.fixoncloud.com/Home/LoginValidate/OneProblemComplete_Detailed.php?problemid=286
<span style="color: #008080;">function</span> <span style="color: #000000;">f3</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #004080;">sequence</span> <span style="color: #000000;">v</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #004080;">atom</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">{</span><span style="color: #000000;">x</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">y</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">z</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">}</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">v</span> <span style="color: #008080;">return</span> <span style="color: #000000;">9</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">*</span><span style="color: #000000;">x</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">*</span><span style="color: #000000;">x</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">+</span><span style="color: #000000;">36</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">*</span><span style="color: #000000;">y</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">*</span><span style="color: #000000;">y</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">+</span><span style="color: #000000;">4</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">*</span><span style="color: #000000;">z</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">*</span><span style="color: #000000;">z</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">-</span><span style="color: #000000;">36</span> <span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">function</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">function</span> <span style="color: #000000;">f4</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #004080;">sequence</span> <span style="color: #000000;">v</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #004080;">atom</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">{</span><span style="color: #000000;">x</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">y</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">z</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">}</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">v</span> <span style="color: #008080;">return</span> <span style="color: #000000;">x</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">*</span><span style="color: #000000;">x</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">-</span><span style="color: #000000;">2</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">*</span><span style="color: #000000;">y</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">*</span><span style="color: #000000;">y</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">-</span><span style="color: #000000;">20</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">*</span><span style="color: #000000;">z</span> <span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">function</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">function</span> <span style="color: #000000;">f5</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #004080;">sequence</span> <span style="color: #000000;">v</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #004080;">atom</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">{</span><span style="color: #000000;">x</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">y</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">z</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">}</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">v</span> <span style="color: #008080;">return</span> <span style="color: #000000;">x</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">*</span><span style="color: #000000;">x</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">-</span><span style="color: #000000;">y</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">*</span><span style="color: #000000;">y</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">+</span><span style="color: #000000;">z</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">*</span><span style="color: #000000;">z</span> <span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">function</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">function</span> <span style="color: #000000;">j1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #004080;">sequence</span> <span style="color: #000000;">v</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #004080;">atom</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">{</span><span style="color: #000000;">x</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">}</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">v</span> <span style="color: #008080;">return</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">-</span><span style="color: #000000;">2</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">*</span><span style="color: #000000;">x</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">+</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span> <span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">function</span>
Expected results: x = 1.23332, y = 0.2122
<span style="color: #008080;">function</span> <span style="color: #000000;">j2</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #004080;">sequence</span> <span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">/*v*/</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #008080;">return</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">-</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span> <span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">function</span>
*/
<span style="color: #008080;">function</span> <span style="color: #000000;">j3</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #004080;">sequence</span> <span style="color: #000000;">v</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #004080;">atom</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">{</span><span style="color: #000000;">x</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">y</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">}</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">v</span> <span style="color: #008080;">return</span> <span style="color: #000000;">5</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">*</span><span style="color: #000000;">y</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">-</span><span style="color: #000000;">2</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">*</span><span style="color: #000000;">x</span> <span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">function</span>
fs = {routine_id("f1"),routine_id("f2")}
<span style="color: #008080;">function</span> <span style="color: #000000;">j4</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #004080;">sequence</span> <span style="color: #000000;">v</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #004080;">atom</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">{</span><span style="color: #000000;">x</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">}</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">v</span> <span style="color: #008080;">return</span> <span style="color: #000000;">1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">+</span><span style="color: #000000;">5</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">*</span><span style="color: #000000;">x</span> <span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">function</span>
jacob = {{routine_id("j1"),routine_id("j2")},
<span style="color: #008080;">function</span> <span style="color: #000000;">j11</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #004080;">sequence</span> <span style="color: #000000;">v</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #004080;">atom</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">{</span><span style="color: #000000;">x</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">}</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">v</span> <span style="color: #008080;">return</span> <span style="color: #000000;">18</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">*</span><span style="color: #000000;">x</span> <span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">function</span>
{routine_id("j3"),routine_id("j4")}}
<span style="color: #008080;">function</span> <span style="color: #000000;">j12</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #004080;">sequence</span> <span style="color: #000000;">v</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #004080;">atom</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">{?,</span><span style="color: #000000;">y</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">}</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">v</span> <span style="color: #008080;">return</span> <span style="color: #000000;">72</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">*</span><span style="color: #000000;">y</span> <span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">function</span>
guesses := {1.2, 1.2}
<span style="color: #008080;">function</span> <span style="color: #000000;">j13</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #004080;">sequence</span> <span style="color: #000000;">v</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #004080;">atom</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">{?,?,</span><span style="color: #000000;">z</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">}</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">v</span> <span style="color: #008080;">return</span> <span style="color: #000000;">8</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">*</span><span style="color: #000000;">z</span> <span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">function</span>
printf(1,"Approximate solutions are x = %.7f, y = %.7f\n\n", solve(fs, jacob, guesses))
<span style="color: #008080;">function</span> <span style="color: #000000;">j21</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #004080;">sequence</span> <span style="color: #000000;">v</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #004080;">atom</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">{</span><span style="color: #000000;">x</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">}</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">v</span> <span style="color: #008080;">return</span> <span style="color: #000000;">2</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">*</span><span style="color: #000000;">x</span> <span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">function</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">function</span> <span style="color: #000000;">j22</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #004080;">sequence</span> <span style="color: #000000;">v</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #004080;">atom</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">{?,</span><span style="color: #000000;">y</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">}</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">v</span> <span style="color: #008080;">return</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">-</span><span style="color: #000000;">4</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">*</span><span style="color: #000000;">y</span> <span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">function</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">function</span> <span style="color: #000000;">j23</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #004080;">sequence</span> <span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">/*v*/</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #008080;">return</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">-</span><span style="color: #000000;">20</span> <span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">function</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">function</span> <span style="color: #000000;">j31</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #004080;">sequence</span> <span style="color: #000000;">v</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #004080;">atom</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">{</span><span style="color: #000000;">x</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">}</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">v</span> <span style="color: #008080;">return</span> <span style="color: #000000;">2</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">*</span><span style="color: #000000;">x</span> <span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">function</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">function</span> <span style="color: #000000;">j32</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #004080;">sequence</span> <span style="color: #000000;">v</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #004080;">atom</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">{?,</span><span style="color: #000000;">y</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">}</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">v</span> <span style="color: #008080;">return</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">-</span><span style="color: #000000;">2</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">*</span><span style="color: #000000;">y</span> <span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">function</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">function</span> <span style="color: #000000;">j33</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #004080;">sequence</span> <span style="color: #000000;">v</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">)</span> <span style="color: #004080;">atom</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">{?,?,</span><span style="color: #000000;">z</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">}</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000;">v</span> <span style="color: #008080;">return</span> <span style="color: #000000;">2</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">*</span><span style="color: #000000;">z</span> <span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">function</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">procedure</span> <span style="color: #000000;">main</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">()</span>
/*
<span style="color: #004080;">sequence</span> <span style="color: #000000;">fs</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">jacob</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">guesses</span>
solve the three non-linear equations:
<span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">/*
9x^2 + 36y^2 + 4z^2 - 36 = 0
x^2 -solve 2y^2the two non-linear 20z = 0equations:
x^2 y = - yx^2 + z^2x =+ 0.5
given initial guesses of x = y =+ 1.0 and z5xy = 0.0x^2
given initial guesses of x = y = 1.2
Example taken from:
http://www.fixoncloud.com/Home/LoginValidate/OneProblemComplete_Detailed.php?problemid=286
Expected results: x = 1.23332, y = 0.2122
*/</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">fs</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">{</span><span style="color: #000000;">f1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">f2</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">}</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">jacob</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">{{</span><span style="color: #000000;">j1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">j2</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">},</span>
<span style="color: #0000FF;">{</span><span style="color: #000000;">j3</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">j4</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">}}</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">guesses</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">:=</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">{</span><span style="color: #000000;">1.2</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">1.2</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">}</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">printf</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #008000;">"Approximate solutions are x = %.7f, y = %.7f\n\n"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">solve</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">fs</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">jacob</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">guesses</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">))</span>
<span style="color: #000080;font-style:italic;">/*
solve the three non-linear equations:
9x^2 + 36y^2 + 4z^2 - 36 = 0
x^2 - 2y^2 - 20z = 0
x^2 - y^2 + z^2 = 0
given initial guesses of x = y = 1.0 and z = 0.0
Example taken from:
http://mathfaculty.fullerton.edu/mathews/n2003/FixPointNewtonMod.html (exercise 5)
Expected results: x = 0.893628, y = 0.894527, z = -0.0400893
*/</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">fs</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">{</span><span style="color: #000000;">f3</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">f4</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">f5</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">}</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">jacob</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">{{</span><span style="color: #000000;">j11</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">j12</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">j13</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">},</span>
<span style="color: #0000FF;">{</span><span style="color: #000000;">j21</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">j22</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">j23</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">},</span>
<span style="color: #0000FF;">{</span><span style="color: #000000;">j31</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">j32</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #000000;">j33</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">}}</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">guesses</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">=</span> <span style="color: #0000FF;">{</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">0</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">}</span>
<span style="color: #7060A8;">printf</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">1</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span><span style="color: #008000;">"Approximate solutions are x = %.7f, y = %.7f, z = %.7f\n"</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">solve</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">(</span><span style="color: #000000;">fs</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">jacob</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">,</span> <span style="color: #000000;">guesses</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">))</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">end</span> <span style="color: #008080;">procedure</span>
Example taken from:
<span style="color: #000000;">main</span><span style="color: #0000FF;">()</span>
http://mathfaculty.fullerton.edu/mathews/n2003/FixPointNewtonMod.html (exercise 5)
<!--</syntaxhighlight>-->
Expected results: x = 0.893628, y = 0.894527, z = -0.0400893
*/
fs = {routine_id("f3"), routine_id("f4"), routine_id("f5")}
jacob = {{routine_id("j11"),routine_id("j12"),routine_id("j13")},
{routine_id("j21"),routine_id("j22"),routine_id("j23")},
{routine_id("j31"),routine_id("j32"),routine_id("j33")}}
guesses = {1, 1, 0}
printf(1,"Approximate solutions are x = %.7f, y = %.7f, z = %.7f\n", solve(fs, jacob, guesses))
 
end procedure
main()</lang>
{{out}}
<pre>
Line 687 ⟶ 869:
=={{header|Raku}}==
(formerly Perl 6)
<syntaxhighlight lang="raku" perl6line># Reference:
# https://github.com/pierre-vigier/Perl6-Math-Matrix
# Mastering Algorithms with Perl
Line 754 ⟶ 936:
 
say "Solution: ", @solution;
</syntaxhighlight>
</lang>
{{out}}
<pre>
Solution: [0.8936282344764825 0.8945270103905782 -0.04008928615915281]
</pre>
 
=={{header|Wren}}==
{{trans|Kotlin}}
{{libheader|Wren-matrix}}
{{libheader|Wren-fmt}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="wren">import "./matrix" for Matrix
import "./fmt" for Fmt
 
var solve = Fn.new { |funcs, jacobian, guesses|
var size = funcs.count
var gu1 = []
var gu2 = guesses.toList
var jac = Matrix.new(size, size)
var tol = 1e-8
var maxIter = 12
var iter = 0
while (true) {
gu1 = gu2
var g = Matrix.new([gu1]).transpose
var v = List.filled(size, 0)
for (i in 0...size) v[i] = funcs[i].call(gu1)
var f = Matrix.new([v]).transpose
for (i in 0...size) {
for (j in 0...size) jac[i, j] = jacobian[i][j].call(gu1)
}
var g1 = g - jac.inverse * f
gu2 = List.filled(size, 0)
for (i in 0...size) gu2[i] = g1[i][0]
iter = iter + 1
if (iter == maxIter) break
if ((0...size).all { |i| (gu2[i] - gu1[i]).abs <= tol }) break
}
return gu2
}
 
/* solve the two non-linear equations:
y = -x^2 + x + 0.5
y + 5xy = x^2
given initial guesses of x = y = 1.2
 
Example taken from:
http://www.fixoncloud.com/Home/LoginValidate/OneProblemComplete_Detailed.php?problemid=286
 
Expected results: x = 1.23332, y = 0.2122
*/
var f1 = Fn.new { |x| -x[0] * x[0] + x[0] + 0.5 - x[1] }
var f2 = Fn.new { |x| x[1] + 5 * x[0] * x[1] - x[0] * x[0] }
var funcs = [f1, f2]
var jacobian = [
[ Fn.new { |x| - 2 * x[0] + 1 }, Fn.new { |x| -1 } ],
[ Fn.new { |x| 5 * x[1] - 2 * x[0] }, Fn.new { |x| 1 + 5 * x[0] } ]
]
var guesses = [1.2, 1.2]
var sols = solve.call(funcs, jacobian, guesses)
Fmt.print("Approximate solutions are x = $.7f, y = $.7f", sols[0], sols[1])
 
/* solve the three non-linear equations:
9x^2 + 36y^2 + 4z^2 - 36 = 0
x^2 - 2y^2 - 20z = 0
x^2 - y^2 + z^2 = 0
given initial guesses of x = y = 1.0 and z = 0.0
 
Example taken from:
http://mathfaculty.fullerton.edu/mathews/n2003/FixPointNewtonMod.html (exercise 5)
 
Expected results: x = 0.893628, y = 0.894527, z = -0.0400893
*/
System.print()
var f3 = Fn.new { |x| 9 * x[0] * x[0] + 36 * x[1] *x[1] + 4 * x[2] * x[2] - 36 }
var f4 = Fn.new { |x| x[0] * x[0] - 2 * x[1] * x[1] - 20 * x[2] }
var f5 = Fn.new { |x| x[0] * x[0] - x[1] * x[1] + x[2] * x[2] }
funcs = [f3, f4, f5]
jacobian = [
[ Fn.new { |x| 18 * x[0] }, Fn.new { |x| 72 * x[1] }, Fn.new { |x| 8 * x[2] } ],
[ Fn.new { |x| 2 * x[0] }, Fn.new { |x| -4 * x[1] }, Fn.new { |x| -20 } ],
[ Fn.new { |x| 2 * x[0] }, Fn.new { |x| -2 * x[1] }, Fn.new { |x| 2 * x[2] } ]
]
guesses = [1, 1, 0]
sols = solve.call(funcs, jacobian, guesses)
Fmt.print("Approximate solutions are x = $.7f, y = $.7f, z = $.7f", sols[0], sols[1], sols[2])</syntaxhighlight>
 
{{out}}
<pre>
Approximate solutions are x = 1.2333178, y = 0.2122450
 
Approximate solutions are x = 0.8936282, y = 0.8945270, z = -0.0400893
</pre>
 
=={{header|zkl}}==
This doesn't use Newton-Raphson (with derivatives) but a hybrid algorithm.
<langsyntaxhighlight lang="zkl">var [const] GSL=Import.lib("zklGSL"); // libGSL (GNU Scientific Library)
 
// two functions of two variables: f(x,y)=0
Line 770 ⟶ 1,039:
v.format(11,8).println(); // answer overwrites initial guess
 
fs.run(True,v.toList().xplode()).println(); // deltas from zero</langsyntaxhighlight>
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<pre>
Line 777 ⟶ 1,046:
</pre>
A condensed solver (for a different set of functions):
<langsyntaxhighlight lang="zkl">v:=GSL.VectorFromData(-10.0, -15.0);
GSL.multiroot_fsolver(T( fcn(x,y){ 1.0 - x }, fcn(x,y){ 10.0*(y - x*x) }),v)
.format().println(); // --> (1,1)</langsyntaxhighlight>
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<pre>
Line 785 ⟶ 1,054:
</pre>
Another example:
<langsyntaxhighlight lang="zkl">v:=GSL.VectorFromData(1.0, 1.0, 0.0); // initial guess
fxyzs:=T(
fcn(x,y,z){ x*x*9 + y*y*36 + z*z*4 - 36 }, // 9x^2 + 36y^2 + 4z^2 - 36 = 0
Line 792 ⟶ 1,061:
(v=GSL.multiroot_fsolver(fxyzs,v)).format(12,8).println();
 
fxyzs.run(True,v.toList().xplode()).println(); // deltas from zero</langsyntaxhighlight>
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<pre>
9,476

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