Make directory path

Make directory path
You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know.

Task

Create a directory and any missing parents.

This task is named after the posix mkdir -p command, and several libraries which implement the same behavior.

Please implement a function of a single path string (for example ./path/to/dir) which has the above side-effect. If the directory already exists, return successfully. Ideally implementations will work equally well cross-platform (on windows, linux, and OS X).

It's likely that your language implements such a function as part of its standard library. If so, please also show how such a function would be implemented.

AWK

<lang AWK>

1. syntax: GAWK -f MAKE_DIRECTORY_PATH.AWK path ...

BEGIN {

   for (i=1; i<=ARGC-1; i++) {
     path = ARGV[i]
     msg = (make_dir_path(path) == 0) ? "created" : "exists"
     printf("'%s' %s\n",path,msg)
   }
   exit(0)

} function make_dir_path(path, cmd) {

1. cmd = sprintf("mkdir -p '%s'",path) # Unix

   cmd = sprintf("MKDIR \"%s\" 2>NUL",path) # MS-Windows
   return system(cmd)

} </lang>

sample command and output under Windows 8:

GAWK -f MAKE_DIRECTORY_PATH.AWK \TEMP\A \TEMP\A "\TEMP\A\B C"

'\TEMP\A' created
'\TEMP\A' exists
'\TEMP\A\B C' created

C

<lang c>#include <stdio.h>

1. include <stdlib.h>
2. include <libgen.h>
3. include <string.h>
4. include <sys/stat.h>
5. include <sys/types.h>

int main (int argc, char **argv) {

   char *str, *s;
   struct stat statBuf;

   if (argc != 2) {
       fprintf (stderr, "usage: %s <path>\n", basename (argv[0]));
       exit (1);
   }
   s = argv[1];
   while ((str = strtok (s, "/")) != NULL) {
       if (str != s) {
           str[-1] = '/';
       }
       if (stat (argv[1], &statBuf) == -1) {
           mkdir (argv[1], 0);
       } else {
           if (! S_ISDIR (statBuf.st_mode)) {
               fprintf (stderr, "couldn't create directory %s\n", argv[1]);
               exit (1);
           }
       }
       s = NULL;
   }
   return 0;

}</lang>

C#

<lang csharp>System.IO.Directory.CreateDirectory(path)</lang>

Common Lisp

<lang lisp> (ensure-directories-exist "your/path/name") </lang>

Clojure

<lang clojure>(defn mkdirp [path]

 (let [dir (java.io.File. path)]
   (if (.exists dir)
     true
     (.mkdirs dir))))</lang>

Elixir

Tries to create the directory `path`. Missing parent directories are created. <lang elixir>File.mkdir_p("./path/to/dir")</lang>

ERRE

ERRE has the procedure "OS_MKDIR" in PC.LIB standard library, that creates a directory with all missing parents. Existing directory are simply ignored. <lang ERRE>OS_MKDIR("C:\EXAMPLES\03192015")</lang>

F#

The library function System.IO.Directory.CreateDirectory also returns a DirectoryInfo object of the deepest directory in the path.

In the F# REPL:

Output:

> System.IO.Directory.CreateDirectory (System.IO.Directory.GetCurrentDirectory())
;;
val it : System.IO.DirectoryInfo =
  Temp {Attributes = Directory;
        CreationTime = 2016-06-01 04:12:25;
        CreationTimeUtc = 2016-06-01 02:12:25;
        Exists = true;
        Extension = "";
        FullName = "C:\Users\Kai\AppData\Local\Temp";
        LastAccessTime = 2016-08-18 20:42:21;
        LastAccessTimeUtc = 2016-08-18 18:42:21;
        LastWriteTime = 2016-08-18 20:42:21;
        LastWriteTimeUtc = 2016-08-18 18:42:21;
        Name = "Temp";
        Parent = Local;
        Root = C:\;}
> 

Go

The standard packages include os.MkdirAll which does exactly this (and its source is also available via that link). <lang go> os.MkdirAll("/tmp/some/path/to/dir", 0770)</lang>

Haskell

<lang Haskell> import System.Directory (createDirectory, setCurrentDirectory) import Data.List.Split (splitOn)

main :: IO () main = do

 let path = splitOn "/" "path/to/dir"
 mapM_ (\x -> createDirectory x >> setCurrentDirectory x) path

</lang>

J

The verb pathcreate in the addon package general/dirutils will create any non-existing directories in a path. It works on Windows, Linux and OS X.

<lang J>require 'general/dirutils' pathcreate '/tmp/some/path/to/dir'</lang>

Code is similar to the following: <lang J>pathcreate=: monad define

 todir=. termsep_j_ jpathsep y
 todirs=. }. ,each /\ <;.2 todir  NB. base dirs
 msk=. -.direxist todirs          NB. 1 for each non-existing dir
 msk=. 0 (i. msk i: 0)}msk
 dircreate msk#todirs             NB. create non-existing base dirs

)

dircreate=: monad define

 y=. boxxopen y
 msk=. -.direxist y
 if. -:$msk do. msk=. (#y)#msk end.
 res=. 1!:5 msk#y
 msk #inv ,res

)

direxist=: 2 = ftype&>@:boxopen</lang>

Java

The Java method for this is mkdirs and can be found in java.io.File. The source is in the src.zip of the JDK root directory. <lang java>import java.io.File;

public interface Test {

   public static void main(String[] args) {
       try {
           File f = new File("C:/parent/test");
           if (f.mkdirs())
               System.out.println("path successfully created");
       } catch (Exception e) {
           e.printStackTrace();
       }
   }

}</lang>

JavaScript

Works with: Node.js

Simplified version of the popular mkdirp library:

<lang Javascript>var path = require('path'); var fs = require('fs');

function mkdirp (p, cb) {

   cb = cb || function () {};
   p = path.resolve(p);

   fs.mkdir(p, function (er) {
       if (!er) {
           return cb(null);
       }
       switch (er.code) {
           case 'ENOENT':
               // The directory doesn't exist. Make its parent and try again.
               mkdirp(path.dirname(p), function (er) {
                   if (er) cb(er);
                   else mkdirp(p, cb);
               });
               break;

               // In the case of any other error, something is borked.
           default:
               cb(er);
               break;
       }
   });

}</lang>

Kotlin

<lang scala>// version 1.0.6

import java.io.File

fun main(args: Array<String>) {

   // using built-in mkdirs() method
   val success = File("./path/to/dir").mkdirs()
   if (success) println("Directory path was created successfully")
   else         println("Failed to create directory path")

}</lang>

Output:

Directory path was created successfully

Mathematica

Creates directory specified by path, creating intermediate directories as necessary, and never fails if path already exists. <lang Mathematica>mkdirp[path_] := Quiet[CreateDirectory[path,{CreateIntermediateDirectories->True}],{CreateDirectory::filex}]</lang>

NewLISP

<lang newlisp>(define (mkdir-p mypath)

   (if (= "/" (mypath 0)) ;; Abs or relative path?
       (setf /? "/")
       (setf /? "")
   )
   (setf path-components (clean empty? (parse mypath "/"))) ;; Split path and remove empty elements
   (for (x 0 (length path-components))
       (setf walking-path (string /? (join (slice path-components 0 (+ 1 x)) "/")))
       (make-dir walking-path)
   )

)

Using user-made function...

(mkdir-p "/tmp/rosetta/test1")

... or calling OS command directly.

(! "mkdir -p /tmp/rosetta/test2") (exit)</lang>

Perl

Using the File::Path core module:

<lang perl>use File::Path qw(make_path);

make_path('path/to/dir')</lang>

Perl 6

Works with: rakudo version 2016.06

There is a built-in function for this:

<lang perl6>mkdir 'path/to/dir'</lang>

Alternatively, a custom solution (as per task description) that only uses the built-in mkdir non-recursively. The "triangle reduce" meta-operator [\ ] is used get the intermediate results of a left fold with the comma operator on the list of path elements.

<lang perl6>for [\,] $*SPEC.splitdir("../path/to/dir") -> @path {

   mkdir $_ unless .e given $*SPEC.catdir(@path).IO;

}</lang>

Phix

There's a builtin for that <lang Phix>if not create_directory("myapp/interface/letters") then

   crash("Filesystem problem - could not create the new folder")

end if</lang> The implementation in builtins/pfile.e is as follows (see there for initf() etc): <lang Phix>global function create_directory(string name, integer mode=0o700, bool make_parent=1) bool ret

   if not finit then initf() end if

   if length(name)=0 then
       ?9/0
   end if

   name = get_proper_path(name)

   -- Remove any trailing slash.
   if name[$]=SLASH then
       name = name[1..$-1]
   end if

   if make_parent then
       integer pos = rfind(SLASH, name)
       if pos!=0 then
           string parent = name[1..pos-1]
           if file_exists(parent) then
               if file_type(parent)!=FILETYPE_DIRECTORY then ?9/0 end if
           else
               if not create_directory(parent, mode, make_parent) then
                   return 0
               end if
           end if
       end if
   end if

   if platform()=LINUX then
       ret = not c_func(xCreateDirectory, {name, mode})
   elsif platform()=WINDOWS then
       ret = c_func(xCreateDirectory, {name, 0})
   end if

   return ret

end function</lang> Of course you could also use system("mkdir -p path/to-dir") or whatever.

PicoLisp

<lang PicoLisp>(call "mkdir" "-p" "path/to/dir")</lang>

PowerShell

<lang PowerShell> New-Item -Path ".\path\to\dir" -ItemType Directory -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue </lang>

Python

<lang Python> from errno import EEXIST from os import mkdir, curdir from os.path import split, exists

def mkdirp(path, mode=0777):

   head, tail = split(path)
   if not tail:
       head, tail = split(head)
   if head and tail and not exists(head):
       try:
           mkdirp(head, mode)
       except OSError as e:
           # be happy if someone already created the path
           if e.errno != EEXIST:
               raise
       if tail == curdir:  # xxx/newdir/. exists if xxx/newdir exists
           return
   try:
       mkdir(path, mode)
   except OSError as e:
       # be happy if someone already created the path
       if e.errno != EEXIST:
           raise

</lang>

Above is a modified version of the standard library's os.makedirs, for pedagogical purposes. In practice, you would be more likely to use the standard library call:

<lang Python> def mkdirp(path):

   try:
       os.makedirs(path)
   except OSError as exc: # Python >2.5
       if exc.errno == errno.EEXIST and os.path.isdir(path):
           pass
       else: raise

</lang>

In Python3 this becomes even simpler:

<lang Python> def mkdirp(path):

   os.makedirs(path, exist_ok=True)

</lang>

Racket

Uses make-directory* (NB the star — that causes the intermediate directories to be produced).

Canonical documentation at Racket Documentation for Filesystem

Creates directory specified by path, creating intermediate

directories as necessary, and never failing if path exists already.

<lang racket>#lang racket (define path-str "/tmp/woo/yay") (define path/..-str "/tmp/woo")

clean up from a previous run

(when (directory-exists? path-str)

 (delete-directory path-str)
 (delete-directory path/..-str))

delete-directory/files could also be used -- but that requires goggles and rubber

gloves to handle safely!

(define (report-path-exists)

 (printf "~s exists (as a directory?):~a~%~s exists (as a directory?):~a~%~%"
         path/..-str (directory-exists? path/..-str)
         path-str (directory-exists? path-str)))

(report-path-exists)

Really ... this is the only bit that matters!

(make-directory* path-str)

(report-path-exists)</lang>

Output:

"/tmp/woo" exists (as a directory?):#f
"/tmp/woo/yay" exists (as a directory?):#f

"/tmp/woo" exists (as a directory?):#t
"/tmp/woo/yay" exists (as a directory?):#t

REXX

The following works with any modern (Microsoft) Windows ® and/or DOS.

Operating system note:   all versions of Microsoft ® DOS require the use of a blackslash   [\]   instead of a forward slash   [/].

Usage note:   without the error messages being suppressed, the   MKDIR   command will issue an error message if the subdirectory (or its path) already exists. <lang rexx>/*REXX program creates a directory (folder) and all its parent paths as necessary. */ trace off /*suppress possible warning msgs.*/

dPath = 'path\to\dir' /*define directory (folder) path.*/

'MKDIR' dPath "2>nul" /*alias could be used: MD dPath */

                                                      /*stick a fork in it, we're done.*/</lang>

Ring

<lang ring> System("mkdir C:\Ring\docs") isdir("C:\Ring\docs")

see isdir("C:\Ring\docs") + nl func isdir cDir

    try
       dir(cDir)
       return true
    catch
       return false
    done

</lang>

Ruby

<lang ruby>require 'fileutils' FileUtils.mkdir_p("path/to/dir") </lang> mkdir_p also takes an array of pathnames instead of a single pathname as an argument. mkdir_p is aliased as: mkpath, makedirs.

Run BASIC

<lang runbasic> files #f, "c:\myDocs" ' check for directory if #f hasanswer() then

  if #f isDir() then		' is it a file or a directory
   print "A directory exist"
   else
   print "A file exist"
  end if
else
 shell$("mkdir c:\myDocs"    ' if not exist make a directory

end if</lang> The following info about files / directory FILE ACCESSOR methods

1. handle HASANSWER() - Return non-zero if the file accessor has at least one

resulting row.

1. handle ROWCOUNT() - Return the number of rows returned.
2. handle NEXTFILE$() - Advance to the next row and return a comma delimited string for the next file (name, size, date, time, directory flag).
3. handle NEXTFILE$([delimExpr$]) - Like NEXTFILE$() but you get to specify the delimiter instead of a comma.
4. handle NAME$() - Return the name of the current file row.
5. handle SIZE() - Return the size of the current file row.
6. handle DATE$() - Return a string containing a formatted date for the current file row.
7. handle TIME$() - Return a string containing a formatted time for the current file row.
8. handle ISDIR() - Return non-zero if the current file row represents a directory instead of a file.
9. handle RESET() - Reset the file accessor back to the beginning so you can read through them again.
10. handle DATEFORMAT(template$) - Set the date format using a "mmm dd, yyyy" style template$.
11. handle TIMEFORMAT(template$) - Set the time format using a "hh:mm:ss" style template$.
12. handle ISNULL() - Returns zero (or false)
13. handle DEBUG$() - Returns the string "Files"

Rust

<lang rust>use std::fs;

fn main() {

   fs::create_dir_all("./path/to/dir").expect("An Error Occured!")

}</lang>

Scala

<lang Scala>new java.io.File("/path/to/dir").mkdirs</lang> Alternative (platform-independent) for the library function: <lang Scala>import java.io.File

def mkdirs(path: List[String]) = // return true if path was created

   path.tail.foldLeft(new File(path.head)){(a,b) => a.mkdir; new File(a,b)}.mkdir

mkdirs(List("/path", "to", "dir")) </lang>

Seed7

The library cli_cmds.s7i defines the function doMkdirCmd, which is used below.

<lang seed7>$ include "seed7_05.s7i";

 include "cli_cmds.s7i";

const proc: main is func

 begin
   doMkdirCmd(argv(PROGRAM), TRUE);
 end func;</lang>

The library cli_cmds.s7i defines also doMkdir (Make directories like the Unix mkdir command) and doMd (Make directories like the DOS md command). This functions read the parameters and options from a string. The reading is done according to Unix respectively DOS/Windows rules. The function doMkdir is used in the alternate solution below:

<lang seed7>$ include "seed7_05.s7i";

 include "cli_cmds.s7i";

const proc: main is func

 local
   var string: parameters is "";
 begin
   parameters := join(argv(PROGRAM), " ");
   doMkdir(parameters);
 end func;</lang>

Sidef

<lang ruby>Dir.new(Dir.cwd, "path", "to", "dir").make_path; # works cross-platform</lang>

Tcl

Tcl's built in file mkdir works exactly this way: <lang tcl>file mkdir ./path/to/dir</lang> If a directory cannot be made (e.g., because it would involve making a directory with the same name as an existing file) the command will throw a trappable error, as normal for Tcl commands.

UNIX Shell

Works with: Bourne Again SHell

<lang bash>function mkdirp() { mkdir -p "$1"; }</lang>

zkl

This is for Unix as zkl doesn't have a built in mkdir method. <lang zkl>System.cmd("mkdir -p ../foo/bar")</lang> The system error code is returned (0 in this case). <lang zkl>fcn mkdir(path) { System.cmd("mkdir -p "+path) }</lang>

Output:

zkl: mkdir("../foo/bar")
0
zkl: mkdir("/foo/bar")
mkdir: cannot create directory ‘/foo’: Permission denied
256