Largest difference between adjacent primes

From Rosetta Code
Largest difference between adjacent primes is a draft programming task. It is not yet considered ready to be promoted as a complete task, for reasons that should be found in its talk page.
Task


Find and show on this page the largest difference between adjacent primes under 1,000,000.

11l

F primes_upto(limit)
   V is_prime = [0B] * 2 [+] [1B] * (limit - 1)
   L(n) 0 .< Int(limit ^ 0.5 + 1.5)
      I is_prime[n]
         L(i) (n * n .. limit).step(n)
            is_prime[i] = 0B
   R enumerate(is_prime).filter((i, prime) -> prime).map((i, prime) -> i)

V primes = primes_upto(1'000'000)

V maxdiff = 0
L(n) 1 .< primes.len
   maxdiff = max(maxdiff, primes[n] - primes[n - 1])

print(‘Largest difference is ’maxdiff)
Output:
Largest difference is 114

ALGOL 68

Note, to run this with Algol 68G, the command line option --heap 256M should be specified to allow a larger heap size.
As with the Wren, Phix, etc. samples, shows the gaps at a few other places.

BEGIN # find the largest gap between adjacent primes up to 10 000 000 #
    PR read "primes.incl.a68" PR
    []BOOL prime = PRIMESIEVE 10 000 000; # sieve the primes to 10 000 000 #
    # find the largest gap between primes #
    INT max gap     :=  0; # gap between 2 and 3 #
    INT max prime   :=  0; # the prime with the maximum gap #
    INT max prev    :=  0; # the prime before the maximum gap #
    INT prev prime  :=  2; # the previous prime #
    INT power of 10 := 10; # next number to print the gap for #
    FOR i FROM 3 BY 2 TO UPB prime DO
        IF prime[ i ] THEN
            # have a prime #
            INT gap = i - prev prime;
            IF gap > max gap THEN
                # have a bigger gap than before #
                max prime := i;
                max prev  := prev prime;
                max gap   := gap
            FI;
            prev prime    := i
        FI;
        IF i = power of 10 - 1 THEN
            # have reached the next power of 10 - report the max gap so far #
            print( ( "Largest gap between primes up to ", whole( power of 10, -9 )
                   , ": ", whole( max gap, -9 ), " between "
                   , whole( max prev, 0 ), " and ", whole( max prime, 0 )
                   , newline
                   )
                 );
            power of 10 *:= 10
        FI
    OD
END
Output:
Largest gap between primes up to        10:         2 between 3 and 5
Largest gap between primes up to       100:         8 between 89 and 97
Largest gap between primes up to      1000:        20 between 887 and 907
Largest gap between primes up to     10000:        36 between 9551 and 9587
Largest gap between primes up to    100000:        72 between 31397 and 31469
Largest gap between primes up to   1000000:       114 between 492113 and 492227
Largest gap between primes up to  10000000:       154 between 4652353 and 4652507

Arturo

primes: select range.step:2 3 1e6 => prime?

pair: couple primes drop primes
    | maximum'p -> p\1 - p\0
    | <=

print "Largest prime gap under a million is:"
print ~"|pair\1 - pair\0| between |pair\0| and |pair\1|"
Output:
Largest prime gap under a million is:
114 between 492113 and 492227

AWK

# syntax: GAWK -f LARGEST_DIFFERENCE_BETWEEN_ADJACENT_PRIMES.AWK
# converted from FreeBASIC
BEGIN {
    stop = 1000000
    champi = 3
    champj = 5
    i = 5
    record = 2
    while (i < stop) {
      j = next_prime(i)
      if (j-i > record) {
        champi = i
        champj = j
        record = j - i
      }
      i = j
    }
    printf("The largest difference between adjacent primes < %d is %d between %d and %d\n",stop,record,champi,champj)
    exit(0)
}
function next_prime(n,  q) { # finds the next prime after n
    if (n == 0) { return(2) }
    if (n < 3) { return(++n) }
    q = n + 2
    while (!is_prime(q)) {
      q += 2
    }
    return(q)
}
function is_prime(n,  d) {
    d = 5
    if (n < 2) { return(0) }
    if (n % 2 == 0) { return(n == 2) }
    if (n % 3 == 0) { return(n == 3) }
    while (d*d <= n) {
      if (n % d == 0) { return(0) }
      d += 2
      if (n % d == 0) { return(0) }
      d += 4
    }
    return(1)
}
Output:
The largest difference between adjacent primes < 1000000 is 114 between 492113 and 492227

C

Translation of: FreeBASIC
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>

int isprime( int p ) {
    int i;
    if(p==2) return 1;
    if(!(p%2)) return 0;
    for(i=3; i*i<=p; i+=2) {
       if(!(p%i)) return 0;
    }
    return 1;
}

int nextprime( int p ) {
    int i=0;
    if(p==0) return 2;
    if(p<3) return p+1;
    while(!isprime(++i + p));
    return i+p;
}

int main(void) {
    int i=3, j=5, champ=3, champj=5, record=2;
    for(i=3;j<=1000000;i=j) {
        j=nextprime(i);
        if(j-i>record) {
            champ=i;
            champj=j;
            record = j-i;
        }
    }
    printf( "The largest difference was %d, between %d and %d.\n", record, champ, champj );
    return 0;
}
Output:
The largest difference was 114, between 492113 and 492227.

C++

Library: Primesieve
#include <iostream>
#include <locale>

#include <primesieve.hpp>

int main() {
    std::cout.imbue(std::locale(""));
    const uint64_t limit = 10000000000;
    uint64_t max_diff = 0;
    primesieve::iterator pi;
    uint64_t p1 = pi.next_prime();
    for (uint64_t p = 10;;) {
        uint64_t p2 = pi.next_prime();
        if (p2 >= p) {
            std::cout << "Largest gap between primes under " << p << " is "
                      << max_diff << ".\n";
            if (p == limit)
                break;
            p *= 10;
        }
        if (p2 - p1 > max_diff)
            max_diff = p2 - p1;
        p1 = p2;
    }
}
Output:
Largest gap between primes under 10 is 2.
Largest gap between primes under 100 is 8.
Largest gap between primes under 1,000 is 20.
Largest gap between primes under 10,000 is 36.
Largest gap between primes under 100,000 is 72.
Largest gap between primes under 1,000,000 is 114.
Largest gap between primes under 10,000,000 is 154.
Largest gap between primes under 100,000,000 is 220.
Largest gap between primes under 1,000,000,000 is 282.
Largest gap between primes under 10,000,000,000 is 354.

Delphi

Works with: Delphi version 6.0


function IsPrime(N: integer): boolean;
{Optimised prime test - about 40% faster than the naive approach}
var I,Stop: integer;
begin
if (N = 2) or (N=3) then Result:=true
else if (n <= 1) or ((n mod 2) = 0) or ((n mod 3) = 0) then Result:= false
else
	begin
	I:=5;
	Stop:=Trunc(sqrt(N));
	Result:=False;
	while I<=Stop do
		begin
		if ((N mod I) = 0) or ((N mod (i + 2)) = 0) then exit;
		Inc(I,6);
		end;
	Result:=True;
	end;
end;



procedure LargestPrimeDifference(Memo: TMemo);
{Find the largest difference between primes under 1 million}
var I: integer;
var P1,P2: integer;
var Delta,Largest,Prime1,Prime2: integer;
begin
Largest:=0;
P1:=1;
for I:=1 to 1000000-1 do
 if IsPrime(I) then
	begin
	Delta:=I - P1;
	if Delta>Largest then
		begin
		Largest:=Delta;
		Prime1:=P1;
		Prime2:=I;
		end;
	P1:=I;
	end;
Memo.Lines.Add(Format('Prime1: %d  Prime2: %d    Diff:  %d',[Prime1,Prime2,Largest]));
end;
Output:
Prime1: 492113  Prime2: 492227    Diff:  114


F#

This task uses Extensible Prime Generator (F#)

// Largest difference between adjacent primes. Nigel Galloway: November 22nd., 2021
let n,g=primes32()|>Seq.takeWhile((>)1000000)|>Seq.pairwise|>Seq.maxBy(fun(n,g)->g-n) in printfn $"%d{g}-%d{n}=%d{g-n}"
Output:
492227-492113=114

Factor

See Largest difference between adjacent primes/Factor for a detailed explanation because why not?

Works with: Factor version 0.99 2021-06-02
USING: arrays formatting kernel lists lists.lazy math math.order
math.primes.lists sequences ;

lprimes dup cdr lzip [ first2 2dup swap - -rot 3array ] lmap-lazy
[ second 1e6 < ] lwhile { 0 } [ max ] foldl

"Largest difference in adjacent primes under a million: %d between %d and %d.\n" vprintf
Output:
Largest difference in adjacent primes under a million: 114 between 492113 and 492227.

FreeBASIC

#include "isprime.bas"

function nextprime( n as uinteger ) as uinteger
    'finds the next prime after n
    if n = 0 then return 2
    if n < 3 then return n + 1
    dim as integer q = n + 2
    while not isprime(q)
        q+=2
    wend
    return q
end function

dim as uinteger i = 5, j, champ=3, champj=5, record=2
while i<1000000
    j = nextprime(i)
    if j-i > record then
        champ  = i
        champj = j
        record = j - i
    end if
    i = j
wend

print using "The largest difference was ####, between ####### and #######";record;champ;champj
Output:
The largest difference was   114 between  492113 and  492227

Go

Translation of: Wren
Library: go-rcu
package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "rcu"
)

func main() {
    limit := int(1e10 - 1)
    primes := rcu.Primes(limit)
    maxI := 0
    maxDiff := 0
    nextStop := 10
    fmt.Println("The largest differences between adjacent primes under the following limits is:")
    for i := 1; i < len(primes); i++ {
        diff := primes[i] - primes[i-1]
        if diff > maxDiff {
            maxDiff = diff
            maxI = i
        }
        if i == len(primes)-1 || primes[i+1] > nextStop {
            c1 := rcu.Commatize(nextStop)
            c2 := rcu.Commatize(primes[maxI])
            c3 := rcu.Commatize(primes[maxI-1])
            c4 := rcu.Commatize(maxDiff)
            fmt.Printf("Under %s: %s - %s = %s\n", c1, c2, c3, c4)
            nextStop *= 10
        }
    }
}
Output:
The largest differences between adjacent primes under the following limits is:
Under 10: 5 - 3 = 2
Under 100: 97 - 89 = 8
Under 1,000: 907 - 887 = 20
Under 10,000: 9,587 - 9,551 = 36
Under 100,000: 31,469 - 31,397 = 72
Under 1,000,000: 492,227 - 492,113 = 114
Under 10,000,000: 4,652,507 - 4,652,353 = 154
Under 100,000,000: 47,326,913 - 47,326,693 = 220
Under 1,000,000,000: 436,273,291 - 436,273,009 = 282
Under 10,000,000,000: 4,302,407,713 - 4,302,407,359 = 354

GW-BASIC

10 R=2 : P=3 : P2=0
20 GOSUB 190
30 IF P2>1000000! THEN GOTO 70
40 IF P2-P > R THEN GOSUB 270
50 P=P2
60 GOTO 20
70 PRINT "The biggest difference was ";R;", between ";C1;" and ";C2
80 END
90 REM tests if a number is prime
100 Q=0
110 IF P = 2 THEN Q = 1:RETURN
120 IF P=3 THEN Q=1:RETURN
130 I=1
140 I=I+1
150 IF INT(P/I)*I = P THEN RETURN
160 IF I*I<=P THEN GOTO 140
170 Q = 1
180 RETURN
190 REM finds the next prime after P, result in P2
200 IF P = 0 THEN P2 = 2: RETURN
210 IF P<3 THEN P2 = P + 1: RETURN
220 T = P
230 P = P + 1
240 GOSUB 90
250 IF Q = 1 THEN P2 = P: P = T: RETURN
260 GOTO 230
270 C1=P
280 C2 = P2
290 R = P2 - P
300 RETURN

J

   >./ 2 -~/\ p: i. _1 p: 1e6
114

jq

Works with: jq

Works with gojq, the Go implementation of jq

See Erdős-primes#jq for a suitable definition of `is_prime` as used here.

# Primes less than . // infinite
def primes:
  (. // infinite) as $n
  | if $n < 3 then empty
    else 2, (range(3; $n) | select(is_prime))
    end;

def largest_difference_between_adjacent_primes:
  reduce primes as $p ( null;  # [prev, diff]
    if . == null then [$p, 0]
    else ($p - .[0]) as $diff
    | if $diff > .[1] then [$p, $diff]
      else .[0] = $p
      end
    end)
  | .[1];

pow(10; 1, 2, 6) | largest_difference_between_adjacent_primes
Output:
2
8
14

Julia

using Primes

function maxprimeinterval(nmax)
    pri = primes(nmax)
    diffs = [pri[i] - pri[i - 1] for i in 2:length(pri)]
    diff, idx = findmax(diffs)
    println("The maximum prime interval in primes up to $nmax is $diff: for example at [$(pri[idx]), $(pri[idx + 1])].")
end

foreach(n -> maxprimeinterval(10^n), 1:10)
Output:
The maximum prime interval in primes up to 10 is 2: for example at [3, 5].
The maximum prime interval in primes up to 100 is 8: for example at [89, 97].
The maximum prime interval in primes up to 1000 is 20: for example at [887, 907].
The maximum prime interval in primes up to 10000 is 36: for example at [9551, 9587].
The maximum prime interval in primes up to 100000 is 72: for example at [31397, 31469].
The maximum prime interval in primes up to 1000000 is 114: for example at [492113, 492227].
The maximum prime interval in primes up to 10000000 is 154: for example at [4652353, 4652507].
The maximum prime interval in primes up to 100000000 is 220: for example at [47326693, 47326913].
The maximum prime interval in primes up to 1000000000 is 282: for example at [436273009, 436273291].
The maximum prime interval in primes up to 10000000000 is 354: for example at [4302407359, 4302407713].

Mathematica / Wolfram Language

Max[-Subtract @@@ 
   Partition[Most@NestWhileList[NextPrime, 2, # < 1000000 &], 2, 1]]
Output:

114

Nim

import std/[bitops, math]

type Sieve = object
  data: seq[byte]

func `[]`(sieve: Sieve; idx: Positive): bool =
  ## Return value of element at index "idx".
  let idx = idx shr 1
  let iByte = idx shr 3
  let iBit = idx and 7
  result = sieve.data[iByte].testBit(iBit)

func `[]=`(sieve: var Sieve; idx: Positive; val: bool) =
  ## Set value of element at index "idx".
  let idx = idx shr 1
  let iByte = idx shr 3
  let iBit = idx and 7
  if val: sieve.data[iByte].setBit(iBit)
  else: sieve.data[iByte].clearBit(iBit)

func newSieve(lim: Positive): Sieve =
  ## Create a sieve with given maximal index.
  result.data = newSeq[byte]((lim + 16) shr 4)

func initPrimes(lim: Positive): seq[Natural] =
  ## Initialize the list of primes from 2 to "lim".
  var composite = newSieve(lim)
  composite[1] = true
  for n in countup(3, sqrt(lim.toFloat).int, 2):
    if not composite[n]:
      for k in countup(n * n, lim, 2 * n):
        composite[k] = true
  result.add 2
  for n in countup(3, lim, 2):
    if not composite[n]:
      result.add n

let primes = initPrimes(1_000_000)

var prev = 0
var largestDiff = 0
for n in primes:
  largestDiff = max(largestDiff, n - prev)
  prev = n
echo "Largest difference: ", largestDiff
Output:
Largest difference: 114

Pascal

Free Pascal

program primesieve;
// sieving small ranges of 65536 only odd numbers
//{$O+,R+}
{$IFDEF FPC}
  {$MODE DELPHI}{$OPTIMIZATION ON,ALL}{$CODEALIGN proc=16}
  uses
    sysutils;
{$ENDIF}
{$IFDEF WINDOWS}
  {$APPTYPE CONSOLE}
{$ENDIF}

const
  smlPrimes :array [0..10] of Byte = (2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19,23,29,31);
  maxPreSievePrime = 17;
  sieveSize = 1 shl 15;//32768*2 ->max count of FoundPrimes = 6542
type
  tSievePrim = record
                 svdeltaPrime:word;//diff between actual and new prime
                 svSivOfs:word;
                 svSivNum:LongWord;// 1 shl (16+32) = 2.8e14
               end;
var
{$Align 16}
  //primes up to 1E6-> sieving to 1E12
  sievePrimes : array[0..78497] of tSievePrim;
{$Align 16}
  preSieve :array[0..3*5*7*11*13*17-1] of Byte;
{$Align 16}
  Sieve :array[0..sieveSize-1] of Byte;
{$Align 16}
  FoundPrimes : array[0..6542] of Word;
{$Align 16}
  Limit,OffSet,Dekalimit,MaxGap : Uint64;

  SieveMaxIdx,
  preSieveOffset,
  SieveNum,
  FoundPrimesCnt,
  PrimPos,
  LastInsertedSievePrime :NativeUInt;

procedure CopyPreSieveInSieve;forward;
procedure CollectPrimes;forward;
procedure sieveOneSieve;forward;

procedure preSieveInit;
var
  i,pr,j,umf : NativeInt;
Begin
  i := 1;// starts with pr = 3
  umf := 1;
  repeat
    IF preSieve[i] =0 then
    Begin
      pr := 2*i+1;
      j := i;
      repeat
        preSieve[j] := 1;
        inc(j,pr);
      until j> High(preSieve);
      umf := umf*pr;
    end;
    inc(i);
  until umf>High(preSieve);
  preSieveOffset := 0;
end;

procedure CalcSievePrimOfs(lmt:NativeUint);
//lmt High(sievePrimes)
var
  i,pr : NativeUInt;
  sq : Uint64;
begin
  pr := 0;
  i := 0;
  repeat
    with sievePrimes[i] do
    Begin
      pr := pr+svdeltaPrime;
      IF sqr(pr)  < (SieveSize*2) then
      Begin
        svSivNum := 0;
        svSivOfs := (pr*pr-1) DIV 2;
      end
      else
      Begin
        SieveMaxIdx := i;
        pr := pr-svdeltaPrime;
        BREAK;
      end;
    end;
    inc(i);
  until i > lmt;

  for i := i to lmt do
  begin
    with sievePrimes[i] do
    Begin
      pr := pr+svdeltaPrime;
      sq := sqr(pr);
      svSivNum := sq DIV (2*SieveSize);
      svSivOfs := ( (sq - Uint64(svSivNum)*(2*SieveSize))-1)DIV 2;
    end;
  end;
end;

procedure InitSieve;
begin
  preSieveOffset := 0;
  SieveNum :=0;
  CalcSievePrimOfs(PrimPos-1);
end;

procedure InsertSievePrimes;
var
  j    :NativeUINt;
  i,pr : NativeUInt;
begin
  i := 0;
  //ignore first primes already sieved with
  if SieveNum = 0 then
    repeat
      inc(i);
    until FoundPrimes[i] > maxPreSievePrime;

  pr :=0;
  j := Uint64(SieveNum)*SieveSize*2-LastInsertedSievePrime;
  with sievePrimes[PrimPos] do
  Begin
    pr := FoundPrimes[i];
    svdeltaPrime := pr+j;
    j := pr;
    end;
  inc(PrimPos);
  for i := i+1 to FoundPrimesCnt-1 do
  Begin
    IF PrimPos > High(sievePrimes) then
      BREAK;
    with sievePrimes[PrimPos] do
    Begin
      pr := FoundPrimes[i];
      svdeltaPrime := (pr-j);
      j := pr;
    end;
    inc(PrimPos);
  end;
  LastInsertedSievePrime :=Uint64(SieveNum)*SieveSize*2+pr;
end;

procedure sievePrimesInit;
var
  i,j,pr:NativeInt;
Begin
  LastInsertedSievePrime := 0;

  PrimPos := 0;
  preSieveOffset := 0;
  SieveNum :=0;
  CopyPreSieveInSieve;
  i := 1; // start with 3
  repeat
    while Sieve[i] = 1 do
      inc(i);
    pr := 2*i+1;
    inc(i);
    j := ((pr*pr)-1) DIV 2;
    if j > High(Sieve) then
      BREAK;
    repeat
      Sieve[j] := 1;
      inc(j,pr);
    until j > High(Sieve);
  until false;

  CollectPrimes;
  InsertSievePrimes;
  IF PrimPos < High(sievePrimes) then
  Begin
    InitSieve;
    //Erste Sieb nochmals, aber ohne Eintrag
    CopyPreSieveInSieve;
    sieveOneSieve;
    repeat
      inc(SieveNum);
      CopyPreSieveInSieve;
      sieveOneSieve;
      CollectPrimes;
      InsertSievePrimes;
   until PrimPos > High(sievePrimes);
  end;
end;

procedure CopyPreSieveInSieve;
var
  lmt : NativeInt;
Begin
  lmt := preSieveOffset+sieveSize;
  lmt := lmt-(High(preSieve)+1);
  IF lmt<= 0 then
  begin
    Move(preSieve[preSieveOffset],Sieve[0],sieveSize);
    if lmt <> 0 then
      inc(preSieveOffset,sieveSize)
    else
      preSieveOffset := 0;
  end
  else
  begin
    Move(preSieve[preSieveOffset],Sieve[0],sieveSize-lmt);
    Move(preSieve[0],Sieve[sieveSize-lmt],lmt);
    preSieveOffset := lmt
  end;
end;

procedure CollectPrimes;
var
   pSieve : pbyte;
   pFound : pWord;
   i,idx : NativeInt;
Begin
  pFound := @FoundPrimes[0];
  idx := 0;
  i := 0;
  IF SieveNum = 0 then
  Begin
    repeat
      pFound[idx] := smlPrimes[idx];
      inc(idx);
    until smlPrimes[idx]>maxPreSievePrime;
    i := (smlPrimes[idx] -1) DIV 2;
  end;

  pSieve := @Sieve[0];
  repeat
    pFound[idx]:= 2*i+1;
    inc(idx,1-pSieve[i]);
    inc(i);
  until i>High(Sieve);
  FoundPrimesCnt:= idx;
end;

procedure sieveOneSieve;
var
  i,j,pr,dSievNum :NativeUint;
Begin
  pr := 0;
  For i := 0 to SieveMaxIdx do
    with sievePrimes[i] do
    begin
      pr := pr+svdeltaPrime;
      IF svSivNum = sieveNum then
      Begin
        j := svSivOfs;
        repeat
          Sieve[j] := 1;
          inc(j,pr);
        until j > High(Sieve);
        dSievNum := j DIV SieveSize;
        svSivOfs := j-dSievNum*SieveSize;
        inc(svSivNum,dSievNum);
      end;
    end;

  i := SieveMaxIdx+1;
  repeat
    if i > High(SievePrimes) then
      BREAK;
    with sievePrimes[i] do
    begin
      if svSivNum > sieveNum then
      Begin
        SieveMaxIdx := I-1;
        Break;
      end;
      pr := pr+svdeltaPrime;
      j := svSivOfs;
      repeat
        Sieve[j] := 1;
        inc(j,pr);
      until j > High(Sieve);
      dSievNum := j DIV SieveSize;
      svSivOfs := j-dSievNum*SieveSize;
      inc(svSivNum,dSievNum);
      inc(i);
    end;
  until false;
end;

var
  T1,T0,CNT,ActPrime,LastPrime,GapPrime : Int64;
  i: Int32;

begin
  T0 := GetTickCount64;
  Limit := 10*1000*1000*1000;//99999999999;//
  preSieveInit;
  sievePrimesInit;

  InitSieve;
  offset := 0;
  Cnt := 1;//==2
  LastPrime := 2;
  Dekalimit := 10;
  MaxGap := 0;
  writeln('Limit        Gap  First prime');  
  repeat
    CopyPreSieveInSieve;sieveOneSieve;CollectPrimes;
    inc(Cnt,FoundPrimesCnt);
    inc(SieveNum);
    //check for max gap
    i := 0;
    repeat
      ActPrime := Offset+FoundPrimes[i];
      If ActPrime > Dekalimit then
      Begin
        writeln(Dekalimit :12,MaxGap:4,GapPrime:12);
        DekaLimit := 10 *DekaLimit;
      end;
      if ActPrime - LastPrime > MaxGap then
      begin
        MaxGap := ActPrime - LastPrime;
        GapPrime:=  LastPrime;
      end;
      LastPrime := ActPrime;
      inc(i);
    until (i >= FoundPrimesCnt);

    inc(offset,2*SieveSize);
  until SieveNum > (Limit DIV (2*SieveSize));

  T1 := GetTickCount64;
  OffSet := Uint64(SieveNum-1)*(2*SieveSize);
  // correct count to Limit
  i := FoundPrimesCnt;
  repeat
    dec(i);
    dec(cnt);
  until (i = 0) OR (OffSet+FoundPrimes[i]<Limit);
  writeln;
  writeln(cnt,' in ',Limit,' takes ',T1-T0,' ms');
  {$IFDEF WINDOWS}
  writeln('Press <Enter>');readln;
  {$ENDIF}
end.
@TIO.RUN:
Limit        Gap  First prime
          10   2           3
         100   8          89
        1000  20         887
       10000  36        9551
      100000  72       31397
     1000000 114      492113
    10000000 154     4652353
   100000000 220    47326693
  1000000000 282   436273009
 10000000000 354  4302407359

455052511 in 10000000000 takes 14319 ms

Perl

use strict;
use warnings;
use Primesieve qw(generate_primes);

for my $n (2..8) {
    my @primes = generate_primes (1, 10**$n);
    my($max,$p,$diff) = 0;
    map { ($diff = $primes[$_] - $primes[$_-1]) > $max and ($max,$p) = ($diff,$_-1) } 1..$#primes;
    printf "Largest prime gap up to %d: %d - between %d and %d.\n", 10**$n, $max, @primes[$p,$p+1];
}
Output:
Largest prime gap up to 100: 8 - between 89 and 97.
Largest prime gap up to 1000: 20 - between 887 and 907.
Largest prime gap up to 10000: 36 - between 9551 and 9587.
Largest prime gap up to 100000: 72 - between 31397 and 31469.
Largest prime gap up to 1000000: 114 - between 492113 and 492227.
Largest prime gap up to 10000000: 154 - between 4652353 and 4652507.
Largest prime gap up to 100000000: 220 - between 47326693 and 47326913.

Phix

Translation of: Wren
with javascript_semantics
atom t0 = time()
constant limit = iff(platform()=JS?1e8:1e9) - 1
sequence primes = get_primes_le(limit)
integer maxI = 0,
        maxDiff = 0
atom nextStop = 10
printf(1,"The largest differences between adjacent primes under the following limits is:\n")
for i=2 to length(primes) do
    integer diff = primes[i] - primes[i-1]
    if diff>maxDiff then
        maxDiff = diff
        maxI = i
    end if
    if i==length(primes) or primes[i+1]>nextStop then
        printf(1,"Under %,d: %,d - %,d = %,d\n", {nextStop, primes[maxI], primes[maxI-1], maxDiff})
        nextStop *= 10
    end if
end for
?elapsed(time()-t0)
Output:
The largest differences between adjacent primes under the following limits is:
Under 10: 5 - 3 = 2
Under 100: 97 - 89 = 8
Under 1,000: 907 - 887 = 20
Under 10,000: 9,587 - 9,551 = 36
Under 100,000: 31,469 - 31,397 = 72
Under 1,000,000: 492,227 - 492,113 = 114
Under 10,000,000: 4,652,507 - 4,652,353 = 154
Under 100,000,000: 47,326,913 - 47,326,693 = 220
Under 1,000,000,000: 436,273,291 - 436,273,009 = 282
"12.7s"

Almost all the time is spent constructing the list of primes. It is about 4 times slower under pwa/p2js so limited to 1e8 when running in a browser to keep the time below 5s instead of over 50s.

Python

print("working...")
limit = 1000000
res1 = 0
res2 = 0
maxOld = 0
newDiff = 0
oldDiff = 0

def isPrime(n):
    for i in range(2,int(n**0.5)+1):
        if n%i==0:
            return False
    return True

for n in range(limit):
    newDiff = n - maxOld
    if isprime(n):
       if (newDiff > oldDiff):
       	  res1 = n
       	  res2 = maxOld
          oldDiff = newDiff
       maxOld = n

diff = res1 - res2
print(res1)
print(res2)
print("Largest difference is = ",end="")
print(diff)
print("done...")
Output:
492227
492113
Largest difference is = 114

Raku

Built-ins

for 2..8 -> $n {
    printf "Largest prime gap up to {10 ** $n}: %d - between %d and %d.\n", .[0], |.[1]
      given max (^10**$n).grep(&is-prime).rotor(2=>-1).map({.[1]-.[0],$_})
}
Output:
Largest prime gap up to 100: 8 - between 89 and 97.
Largest prime gap up to 1000: 20 - between 887 and 907.
Largest prime gap up to 10000: 36 - between 9551 and 9587.
Largest prime gap up to 100000: 72 - between 31397 and 31469.
Largest prime gap up to 1000000: 114 - between 492113 and 492227.
Largest prime gap up to 10000000: 154 - between 4652353 and 4652507.
Largest prime gap up to 100000000: 220 - between 47326693 and 47326913.

Or, significantly faster using a

Module

use Math::Primesieve;
my $sieve = Math::Primesieve.new;

for 2..8 -> $n {
    printf "Largest prime gap up to {10 ** $n}: %d - between %d and %d.\n", .[0], |.[1]
      given max $sieve.primes(10 ** $n).rotor(2=>-1).map({.[1]-.[0],$_})
}

Same output

Ring

load "stdlib.ring"
see "working..." + nl
limit = 1000000
Primes = []
maxOld = 0
newDiff = 0
oldDiff = 0

for n = 1 to limit
    newDiff = n - maxOld
    if isprime(n) 
       if newDiff > oldDiff
          add(Primes,[n,maxOld])
          oldDiff = newDiff
       ok
       maxOld = n
    ok
next

len = len(Primes)
diff = Primes[len][1] - Primes[len][2]
see Primes[len(Primes)]
see nl + "Largest difference is = " + diff + nl
see "done..." + nl
Output:
working...
492227
492113
Largest difference is = 114
done...

RPL

Works with: HP version 49
≪ 1000000 PREVPRIME 
   DUP PREVPRIME DUP2 - UNROT
   DO NIP DUP PREVPRIME
      DUP2 - 4 PICK
      IF OVER < THEN 3 UNPICK ELSE DROP END
   UNTIL DUP 2 == END
   DROP2
 ≫ 'TASK' STO 
Output:
1: 114

Ruby

require 'prime'

n = 1000000
pr1, pr2 = Prime.each(n).each_cons(2).max_by{|p1,p2| p2-p1}
puts "Largest difference between adjacent primes under #{n} is #{pr2-pr1} (#{pr2}-#{pr1})."
Output:
Largest difference between adjacent primes under 1000000 is 114 (492227-492113).

Sidef

func prime_gap_records(upto) {

    var gaps = []
    var p = 2

    each_prime(p.next_prime, upto, {|q|
        gaps[q-p] := p
        p = q
    })

    gaps.grep { defined(_) }
}

var upto   = 1e8
var primes = prime_gap_records(upto)

for n in (2 .. upto.ilog10) {

    var b = primes.last_by {|p| p < 10**n } \\ break

    printf("Largest prime gap up to 10^%s is %3s between %s and %s\n",
        n, b.next_prime - b, b, b.next_prime)
}
Output:
Largest prime gap up to 10^2 is   8 between 89 and 97
Largest prime gap up to 10^3 is  20 between 887 and 907
Largest prime gap up to 10^4 is  36 between 9551 and 9587
Largest prime gap up to 10^5 is  72 between 31397 and 31469
Largest prime gap up to 10^6 is 114 between 492113 and 492227
Largest prime gap up to 10^7 is 154 between 4652353 and 4652507
Largest prime gap up to 10^8 is 220 between 47326693 and 47326913

Wren

Library: Wren-math
Library: Wren-fmt
import "./math" for Int
import "./fmt" for Fmt

var limit = 1e9 - 1
var primes = Int.primeSieve(limit)
var maxI = 0
var maxDiff = 0
var nextStop = 10
System.print("The largest differences between adjacent primes under the following limits is:")
for (i in 1...primes.count) {
    var diff = primes[i] - primes[i-1]
    if (diff > maxDiff) {
        maxDiff = diff
        maxI = i
    }
    if (i == primes.count - 1 || primes[i+1] > nextStop)  {
        Fmt.print("Under $,d: $,d - $,d = $,d", nextStop, primes[maxI], primes[maxI-1], maxDiff)
        nextStop = nextStop * 10
    }
}
Output:
The largest differences between adjacent primes under the following limits is:
Under 10: 5 - 3 = 2
Under 100: 97 - 89 = 8
Under 1,000: 907 - 887 = 20
Under 10,000: 9,587 - 9,551 = 36
Under 100,000: 31,469 - 31,397 = 72
Under 1,000,000: 492,227 - 492,113 = 114
Under 10,000,000: 4,652,507 - 4,652,353 = 154
Under 100,000,000: 47,326,913 - 47,326,693 = 220
Under 1,000,000,000: 436,273,291 - 436,273,009 = 282

XPL0

def  Size = 1_000_000_000/2;            \sieve for odd numbers
int  Prime, I, K;
char Flags;
int  Limit, TenToThe, Max, Gap, I0, Prime0, Prime1;
[Flags:= MAlloc(Size+1);                \(heap only provides 64 MB)
for I:= 0 to Size do                    \set flags all true
    Flags(I):= true;
for I:= 0 to Size do
    if Flags(I) then                    \found a prime
        [Prime:= I+I+3;
        K:= I+Prime;                    \first multiple to strike off
        while K <= Size do              \strike off all multiples
            [Flags(K):= false;
            K:= K+Prime;
            ];
        ];
Text(0, "Largest difference between adjacent primes under:
");
Limit:= 10;
for TenToThe:= 1 to 9 do
    [Max:= 0;  I0:= 0;
    for I:= 0 to Limit/2-3 do
        [if Flags(I) then               \odd prime
            [Gap:= I - I0;
            if Gap > Max then
                [Max:= Gap;
                Prime0:= I0*2 + 3;
                Prime1:= I *2 + 3;
                ];
            I0:= I;
            ];
        ];
    IntOut(0, Limit);  Text(0, " is ");
    IntOut(0, Prime1); Text(0, " - ");
    IntOut(0, Prime0); Text(0, " = ");
    IntOut(0, Max*2);  CrLf(0);
    Limit:= Limit*10;
    ];
]
Output:
Largest difference between adjacent primes under:
10 is 5 - 3 = 2
100 is 97 - 89 = 8
1000 is 907 - 887 = 20
10000 is 9587 - 9551 = 36
100000 is 31469 - 31397 = 72
1000000 is 492227 - 492113 = 114
10000000 is 4652507 - 4652353 = 154
100000000 is 47326913 - 47326693 = 220
1000000000 is 436273291 - 436273009 = 282